[
  {
    "id": "forecast-interest",
    "label": "Interest on public debt, 2026, government forecast",
    "value": 79.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "Interest paid by general government in 2026, as forecast by the Government.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Gouvernement, projet de loi de finances pour 2027, as reproduced by the Haut Conseil des finances publiques",
      "title": "Avis n° HCFP-2026-5 relatif aux projets de lois de finances et de financement de la sécurité sociale pour l'année 2027",
      "url": "https://www.hcfp.fr/sites/default/files/2026-10/Avis%20HCFP%202026-5%20-%20PLF-PLFSS%202027.pdf",
      "location": "§ 115, p. 38",
      "published": "2026-09-25",
      "quote": "En 2026, le Gouvernement prévoit une charge d'intérêts de 79,2 Md€"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A forecast for the current year, made in September 2026; it is not a measurement. The Government's spending excludes tax credits and its levies are compulsory levies only, so neither is on the basis of Eurostat's figures for past years."
  },
  {
    "id": "forecast-growth_insee",
    "label": "GDP growth in volume, 2026, Insee forecast",
    "value": 0.4,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "Growth of real GDP in 2026, as forecast by Insee on 10 September 2026.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee, Note de conjoncture of 10 September 2026, as reported by the Haut Conseil des finances publiques",
      "title": "Avis n° HCFP-2026-5 relatif aux projets de lois de finances et de financement de la sécurité sociale pour l'année 2027",
      "url": "https://www.hcfp.fr/sites/default/files/2026-10/Avis%20HCFP%202026-5%20-%20PLF-PLFSS%202027.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 4, Prévisions du PIB et de ses composantes, p. 12",
      "published": "2026-09-25",
      "quote": "PIB 2026 : Insee (10/09) 0,4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A forecast for the current year, made in September 2026; it is not a measurement. The Government's spending excludes tax credits and its levies are compulsory levies only, so neither is on the basis of Eurostat's figures for past years."
  },
  {
    "id": "forecast-growth_bdf",
    "label": "GDP growth in volume, 2026, Banque de France forecast",
    "value": 0.4,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "Growth of real GDP in 2026, as forecast by the Banque de France on 15 September 2026.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Banque de France, forecast of 15 September 2026, as reported by the Haut Conseil des finances publiques",
      "title": "Avis n° HCFP-2026-5 relatif aux projets de lois de finances et de financement de la sécurité sociale pour l'année 2027",
      "url": "https://www.hcfp.fr/sites/default/files/2026-10/Avis%20HCFP%202026-5%20-%20PLF-PLFSS%202027.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 4, Prévisions du PIB et de ses composantes, p. 12",
      "published": "2026-09-25",
      "quote": "PIB 2026 : Banque de France (15/09) 0,4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A forecast for the current year, made in September 2026; it is not a measurement. The Government's spending excludes tax credits and its levies are compulsory levies only, so neither is on the basis of Eurostat's figures for past years."
  },
  {
    "id": "forecast-debt",
    "label": "Public debt, end of 2026, government forecast, € billion",
    "value": 3640.3202,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "The forecast debt ratio applied to the forecast GDP of 2026: the Government states the ratio, not the amount.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Public debt, end of 2026, government forecast ÷ 100 × GDP, 2026, government forecast",
      "inputs": [
        "forecast-debt_pct",
        "forecast-gdp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A forecast for the current year, made in September 2026; it is not a measurement. The Government's spending excludes tax credits and its levies are compulsory levies only, so neither is on the basis of Eurostat's figures for past years."
  },
  {
    "id": "forecast-debt_pct",
    "label": "Public debt, end of 2026, government forecast",
    "value": 119.3,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "Maastricht debt of general government as a share of GDP at the end of 2026, as forecast by the Government in the draft budget for 2027.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Gouvernement, projet de loi de finances pour 2027, as reproduced by the Haut Conseil des finances publiques",
      "title": "Avis n° HCFP-2026-5 relatif aux projets de lois de finances et de financement de la sécurité sociale pour l'année 2027",
      "url": "https://www.hcfp.fr/sites/default/files/2026-10/Avis%20HCFP%202026-5%20-%20PLF-PLFSS%202027.pdf",
      "location": "Annexe 3, article liminaire du PLF 2027, p. 48",
      "published": "2026-09-25",
      "quote": "Dette au sens de Maastricht : 115,7 (2025) ; 119,3 (2026) ; 121,7 (2027)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A forecast for the current year, made in September 2026; it is not a measurement. The Government's spending excludes tax credits and its levies are compulsory levies only, so neither is on the basis of Eurostat's figures for past years."
  },
  {
    "id": "forecast-gdp",
    "label": "GDP, 2026, government forecast",
    "value": 3051.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "Nominal gross domestic product in 2026, as forecast by the Government.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Gouvernement, projet de loi de finances pour 2027, as reproduced by the Haut Conseil des finances publiques",
      "title": "Avis n° HCFP-2026-5 relatif aux projets de lois de finances et de financement de la sécurité sociale pour l'année 2027",
      "url": "https://www.hcfp.fr/sites/default/files/2026-10/Avis%20HCFP%202026-5%20-%20PLF-PLFSS%202027.pdf",
      "location": "Annexe 3, tableau « solde public en Md€ », p. 49",
      "published": "2026-09-25",
      "quote": "PIB nominal : 2 991,1 (exécution 2025) ; 3 051,4 (prévision d'exécution 2026)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A forecast for the current year, made in September 2026; it is not a measurement. The Government's spending excludes tax credits and its levies are compulsory levies only, so neither is on the basis of Eurostat's figures for past years."
  },
  {
    "id": "forecast-deficit",
    "label": "Public deficit, 2026, government forecast, € billion",
    "value": 164.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "General government deficit in euros, as forecast by the Government in the draft budget for 2027.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Gouvernement, projet de loi de finances pour 2027, as reproduced by the Haut Conseil des finances publiques",
      "title": "Avis n° HCFP-2026-5 relatif aux projets de lois de finances et de financement de la sécurité sociale pour l'année 2027",
      "url": "https://www.hcfp.fr/sites/default/files/2026-10/Avis%20HCFP%202026-5%20-%20PLF-PLFSS%202027.pdf",
      "location": "Annexe 3, tableau « solde public en Md€ », p. 49",
      "published": "2026-09-25",
      "quote": "Solde effectif : -151,6 (exécution 2025) ; -164,9 (prévision d'exécution 2026)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A forecast for the current year, made in September 2026; it is not a measurement. The Government's spending excludes tax credits and its levies are compulsory levies only, so neither is on the basis of Eurostat's figures for past years."
  },
  {
    "id": "forecast-deficit_pct",
    "label": "Public deficit, 2026, government forecast",
    "value": 5.4,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "General government deficit as a share of GDP, as forecast by the Government in the draft budget for 2027 (September 2026).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Gouvernement, projet de loi de finances pour 2027, as reproduced by the Haut Conseil des finances publiques",
      "title": "Avis n° HCFP-2026-5 relatif aux projets de lois de finances et de financement de la sécurité sociale pour l'année 2027",
      "url": "https://www.hcfp.fr/sites/default/files/2026-10/Avis%20HCFP%202026-5%20-%20PLF-PLFSS%202027.pdf",
      "location": "Annexe 3, article liminaire du PLF 2027, p. 48",
      "published": "2026-09-25",
      "quote": "Solde effectif (1+2+3) : -5,1 (2025) ; -5,4 (2026) ; -5,0 (2027)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A forecast for the current year, made in September 2026; it is not a measurement. The Government's spending excludes tax credits and its levies are compulsory levies only, so neither is on the basis of Eurostat's figures for past years."
  },
  {
    "id": "forecast-spending",
    "label": "Public spending, 2026, government forecast, € billion",
    "value": 1742,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "General government spending excluding tax credits, in euros, as forecast by the Government. Eurostat's total counts tax credits as spending, so it is higher.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Gouvernement, projet de loi de finances pour 2027, as reproduced by the Haut Conseil des finances publiques",
      "title": "Avis n° HCFP-2026-5 relatif aux projets de lois de finances et de financement de la sécurité sociale pour l'année 2027",
      "url": "https://www.hcfp.fr/sites/default/files/2026-10/Avis%20HCFP%202026-5%20-%20PLF-PLFSS%202027.pdf",
      "location": "Annexe 3, article liminaire du PLF 2027, p. 48",
      "published": "2026-09-25",
      "quote": "Dépense publique (hors CI, en Md€) : 1 694 (2025) ; 1 742 (2026) ; 1 782 (2027)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A forecast for the current year, made in September 2026; it is not a measurement. The Government's spending excludes tax credits and its levies are compulsory levies only, so neither is on the basis of Eurostat's figures for past years."
  },
  {
    "id": "forecast-spending_pct",
    "label": "Public spending, 2026, government forecast",
    "value": 57.1,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "General government spending excluding tax credits as a share of GDP, as forecast by the Government in the draft budget for 2027.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Gouvernement, projet de loi de finances pour 2027, as reproduced by the Haut Conseil des finances publiques",
      "title": "Avis n° HCFP-2026-5 relatif aux projets de lois de finances et de financement de la sécurité sociale pour l'année 2027",
      "url": "https://www.hcfp.fr/sites/default/files/2026-10/Avis%20HCFP%202026-5%20-%20PLF-PLFSS%202027.pdf",
      "location": "Annexe 3, article liminaire du PLF 2027, p. 48",
      "published": "2026-09-25",
      "quote": "Dépense publique (hors CI) : 56,6 (2025) ; 57,1 (2026) ; 56,9 (2027)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A forecast for the current year, made in September 2026; it is not a measurement. The Government's spending excludes tax credits and its levies are compulsory levies only, so neither is on the basis of Eurostat's figures for past years."
  },
  {
    "id": "forecast-levies",
    "label": "Compulsory levies, 2026, government forecast, € billion",
    "value": 1338.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "Taxes and social contributions (prélèvements obligatoires, EU levies included) in euros, as forecast by the Government.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Gouvernement, projet de loi de finances pour 2027, as reproduced by the Haut Conseil des finances publiques",
      "title": "Avis n° HCFP-2026-5 relatif aux projets de lois de finances et de financement de la sécurité sociale pour l'année 2027",
      "url": "https://www.hcfp.fr/sites/default/files/2026-10/Avis%20HCFP%202026-5%20-%20PLF-PLFSS%202027.pdf",
      "location": "§ 58, p. 19",
      "published": "2026-09-25",
      "quote": "En 2026, les prélèvements obligatoires (PO) augmenteraient de 2,4 % pour atteindre 1338,5 Md€"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A forecast for the current year, made in September 2026; it is not a measurement. The Government's spending excludes tax credits and its levies are compulsory levies only, so neither is on the basis of Eurostat's figures for past years."
  },
  {
    "id": "forecast-levies_pct",
    "label": "Compulsory levies, 2026, government forecast",
    "value": 43.9,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "Taxes and social contributions (prélèvements obligatoires, EU levies included, net of tax credits) as a share of GDP, as forecast by the Government. Narrower than public revenue: fees, sales and property income are not in it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Gouvernement, projet de loi de finances pour 2027, as reproduced by the Haut Conseil des finances publiques",
      "title": "Avis n° HCFP-2026-5 relatif aux projets de lois de finances et de financement de la sécurité sociale pour l'année 2027",
      "url": "https://www.hcfp.fr/sites/default/files/2026-10/Avis%20HCFP%202026-5%20-%20PLF-PLFSS%202027.pdf",
      "location": "Annexe 3, article liminaire du PLF 2027, p. 48",
      "published": "2026-09-25",
      "quote": "Taux de prélèvements obligatoires (y.c UE, nets des CI) : 43,6 (2025) ; 43,9 (2026) ; 44,2 (2027)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A forecast for the current year, made in September 2026; it is not a measurement. The Government's spending excludes tax credits and its levies are compulsory levies only, so neither is on the basis of Eurostat's figures for past years."
  },
  {
    "id": "forecast-growth",
    "label": "GDP growth in volume, 2026, government forecast",
    "value": 0.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "Growth of real GDP in 2026, as forecast by the Government in the draft budget for 2027.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Gouvernement, projet de loi de finances pour 2027, as reproduced by the Haut Conseil des finances publiques",
      "title": "Avis n° HCFP-2026-5 relatif aux projets de lois de finances et de financement de la sécurité sociale pour l'année 2027",
      "url": "https://www.hcfp.fr/sites/default/files/2026-10/Avis%20HCFP%202026-5%20-%20PLF-PLFSS%202027.pdf",
      "location": "Annexe 1, Prévisions économiques pour la France, PLF 2027, p. 45",
      "published": "2026-09-25",
      "quote": "Produit intérieur brut (CJO) : 0,9 (2025) ; 0,5 (2026) ; 1,0 (2027)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A forecast for the current year, made in September 2026; it is not a measurement. The Government's spending excludes tax credits and its levies are compulsory levies only, so neither is on the basis of Eurostat's figures for past years."
  },
  {
    "id": "forecast-growth_nominal",
    "label": "GDP growth in value, 2026, government forecast",
    "value": 2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "Growth of nominal GDP in 2026, as forecast by the Government.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Gouvernement, projet de loi de finances pour 2027, as reproduced by the Haut Conseil des finances publiques",
      "title": "Avis n° HCFP-2026-5 relatif aux projets de lois de finances et de financement de la sécurité sociale pour l'année 2027",
      "url": "https://www.hcfp.fr/sites/default/files/2026-10/Avis%20HCFP%202026-5%20-%20PLF-PLFSS%202027.pdf",
      "location": "Annexe 1, Prévisions économiques pour la France, PLF 2027, p. 45",
      "published": "2026-09-25",
      "quote": "Produit intérieur brut en valeur (CJO) : 2,0 (2025) ; 2,0 (2026) ; 2,7 (2027)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A forecast for the current year, made in September 2026; it is not a measurement. The Government's spending excludes tax credits and its levies are compulsory levies only, so neither is on the basis of Eurostat's figures for past years."
  },
  {
    "id": "gd-2025",
    "label": "Public debt",
    "value": 3460465.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, consolidated (Maastricht debt).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_edpt1",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-04-22T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_edpt1?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gd-pc-2025",
    "label": "Public debt, % of GDP",
    "value": 115.6,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Maastricht debt as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_edpt1",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "PC_GDP",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-04-22T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_edpt1?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=GD&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Notified in April 2026, against the GDP estimate of that date; the GDP figure on this page was revised since."
  },
  {
    "id": "deficit-2025",
    "label": "Deficit",
    "value": 152511.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of public spending not covered by public revenue.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "− Net lending",
      "inputs": [
        "b9-2025"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "b9-2025",
    "label": "Net lending",
    "value": -152511.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Revenue minus expenditure of general government.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "B9"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=B9&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "deficit-pc-2025",
    "label": "Deficit, % of GDP",
    "value": 5.1,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The deficit as a share of GDP, as notified to Eurostat.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "− Net lending, % of GDP",
      "inputs": [
        "b9-pc-2025"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "b9-pc-2025",
    "label": "Deficit, % of GDP",
    "value": -5.1,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net lending of general government as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_edpt1",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "PC_GDP",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "B9"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-04-22T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_edpt1?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=B9&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Notified in April 2026, against the GDP estimate of that date."
  },
  {
    "id": "te-2025",
    "label": "Public spending",
    "value": 1714137.2,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Total expenditure of general government. General government (S13): the State, local authorities and the social security funds, consolidated so that transfers between them cancel out.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "te-pc-2025",
    "label": "Public spending, % of GDP",
    "value": 57.308765108669476,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Total public spending as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Public spending ÷ GDP × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "te-2025",
        "gdp-2025"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gdp-2025",
    "label": "GDP",
    "value": 2991055.9,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross domestic product at market prices, current prices: the value of everything produced in France in the year, net of what was used up to produce it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "nama_10_gdp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "CP_MEUR",
        "na_item": "B1GQ"
      },
      "time": 2025,
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
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  {
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
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    "definition": "General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-GF1003",
    "label": "Survivors",
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    "definition": "General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
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  {
    "id": "register-GF1004",
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    "definition": "General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-GF1005",
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    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-GF1007",
    "label": "Social exclusion n.e.c.",
    "value": 36460.8,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.",
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        "cofog99": "GF1007"
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      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
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      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF1007&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-GF1008",
    "label": "R&D Social protection",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.",
    "origin": {
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        "cofog99": "GF1008"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
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  {
    "id": "register-GF1009",
    "label": "Social protection n.e.c.",
    "value": 3727.6,
    "unit": "EUR million",
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    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General government total expenditure on this function (COFOG level 2), France.",
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      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
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      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF1009&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-100201",
    "label": "Abattement en faveur des personnes âgées ou invalides de condition modeste",
    "value": 390,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 100201",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-110102",
    "label": "Demi-part supplémentaire pour les contribuables vivant seuls ayant eu à titre exclusif ou principal, en vivant seuls, la charge d'enfants pendant au moins cinq ans",
    "value": 674,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 110102",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-110103",
    "label": "Demi-part supplémentaire pour les contribuables (et leurs conjoints survivants) de plus de 74 ans titulaires de la carte du combattant et pour les conjoints survivants de plus de 74 ans de personnes titulaires de la carte du combattant au moment de leur décès",
    "value": 493,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 110103",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-110104",
    "label": "Demi-part supplémentaire pour les contribuables invalides",
    "value": 523,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 110104",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-110110",
    "label": "Demi-part supplémentaire, ou quart de part supplémentaire en cas de résidence alternée des enfants à charge, accordée aux parents isolés",
    "value": 849,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 110110",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-110201",
    "label": "Réduction d'impôt au titre des dons",
    "value": 1990,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 110201",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-110203",
    "label": "Crédit d'impôt pour frais de garde des enfants âgés de moins de 6 ans",
    "value": 1737,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 110203",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-110213",
    "label": "Réduction d'impôt au titre des frais de dépendance et d'hébergement pour les personnes dépendantes accueillies en établissement spécialisé",
    "value": 270,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 110213",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-110215",
    "label": "Réduction d'impôt pour frais de scolarité dans l'enseignement secondaire",
    "value": 221,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 110215",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-110224",
    "label": "Réduction d'impôt sur le revenu à raison des investissements productifs réalisés dans les départements et collectivités d'outre-mer",
    "value": 775,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 110224",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-110242",
    "label": "Réduction d'impôt pour frais de scolarité dans l'enseignement supérieur",
    "value": 217,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 110242",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-110246",
    "label": "Crédit d'impôt au titre de l'emploi d'un salarié à domicile",
    "value": 6420,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 110246",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-110261",
    "label": "Réductions d'impôt sur le revenu en faveur de l'investissement locatif intermédiaire (dispositifs Duflot et Pinel)",
    "value": 1469,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 110261",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-110302",
    "label": "Réduction, dans la limite d’un certain montant, pour les contribuables des départements d’outre-mer de la cotisation résultant du barème (30 % en Guadeloupe, Martinique et Réunion ; 40 % en Guyane et à Mayotte)",
    "value": 426,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 110302",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120108",
    "label": "Exonération des sommes versées au titre de la participation, de l'intéressement, de l'abondement, d'un partage de plus-value, des primes de partage de la valeur, d’un plan de partage de la valorisation de l’entreprise, aux plans d'épargne salariale et aux plans d'épargne retraite d'entreprise collectifs ou obligatoires",
    "value": 2890,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120108",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120109",
    "label": "Exonération du salaire des apprentis et des gratifications versées aux stagiaires versées à compter du 12 juillet 2014",
    "value": 424,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120109",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120111",
    "label": "Exonération de la participation des employeurs au financement des titres-restaurant",
    "value": 519,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120111",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120113",
    "label": "Exonération partielle de la prise en charge par l'employeur, une collectivité territoriale ou l’opérateur France Travail, des frais de transport entre le domicile et le lieu de travail",
    "value": 217,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120113",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120117",
    "label": "Exonération totale pour les prestations et rentes viagères servies aux victimes d'accidents du travail et de maladies professionnelles et à hauteur de 50 % pour les indemnités temporaires",
    "value": 521,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120117",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120124",
    "label": "Exonération totale ou partielle des sommes versées aux salariés détachés à l'étranger",
    "value": 369,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120124",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120131",
    "label": "Exonération temporaire des suppléments de rémunération versés aux salariés et mandataires sociaux au titre de l'exercice d'une activité professionnelle en France (primes d'impatriation), de la fraction de leur rémunération correspondant à l'activité exercée à l'étranger et de la rémunération des salariés et dirigeants de la Chambre de commerce internationale",
    "value": 388,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120131",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120132",
    "label": "Exonération d'impôt sur le revenu (sur option) des salaires perçus par les jeunes au titre d'une activité exercée pendant leurs études secondaires ou supérieures ou leurs congés scolaires ou universitaires",
    "value": 312,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120132",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120138",
    "label": "Exonération sous plafond des indemnités reçues par les salariés en cas de rupture conventionnelle du contrat de travail (ou dispositifs assimilés)",
    "value": 284,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120138",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120146",
    "label": "Exonération de l’impôt sur le revenu, sous certaines conditions et limites, des rémunérations versées à raison des heures supplémentaires et complémentaires réalisées à compter du 1er janvier 2019",
    "value": 2144,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120146",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120202",
    "label": "Exonération des prestations familiales et de l'allocation aux adultes handicapés",
    "value": 1503,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120202",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120204",
    "label": "Exonération des indemnités journalières de sécurité sociale servies au titre des maladies \"longues et coûteuses\"",
    "value": 597,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120204",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120401",
    "label": "Abattement de 10 % sur le montant des pensions (y compris les pensions alimentaires) et des retraites",
    "value": 4803,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120401",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120501",
    "label": "Régime spécial d'imposition des assistants maternels et des assistants familiaux régis par les articles L. 421-1 et suivants et L. 423-1 et suivants du code de l'action sociale et des familles",
    "value": 427,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120501",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-120508",
    "label": "Imposition au taux forfaitaire des prestations de retraite versées sous forme de capital : 12,8 % pour la part correspondant aux produits provenant d'un plan d'épargne retraite ; 7,5 % pour les autres prestations de retraite servies sous forme de capital",
    "value": 328,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 120508",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-130201",
    "label": "Déduction des dépenses de réparations et d'amélioration",
    "value": 1990,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 130201",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-140101",
    "label": "Exonération des intérêts et primes versés dans le cadre de l'épargne logement",
    "value": 426,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 140101",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-140102",
    "label": "Exonération des intérêts des livrets A",
    "value": 950,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 140102",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-140104",
    "label": "Exonération des intérêts des livrets de développement durable",
    "value": 384,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 140104",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-140109",
    "label": "Exonération des revenus provenant de l'épargne salariale (participation, plan d'épargne salariale et compartiment épargne salariale des plans d'épargne retraite)",
    "value": 652,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 140109",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-140117",
    "label": "Exonération des dividendes capitalisés sur un plan d'épargne en actions",
    "value": 428,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 140117",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-140119",
    "label": "Exonération ou imposition réduite des produits attachés aux bons ou contrats de capitalisation et d'assurance-vie",
    "value": 582,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 140119",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-170106",
    "label": "Déduction de précaution",
    "value": 301,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 170106",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-200302",
    "label": "Crédit d'impôt en faveur de la recherche",
    "value": 7800,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 200302",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-200310",
    "label": "Crédit d'impôt en faveur de l'innovation",
    "value": 330,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 200310",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-200401",
    "label": "Déduction exceptionnelle de 40% du prix de revient de certains biens limitativement énumérés, pratiquée sur la durée normale d'utilisation du bien",
    "value": 289,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 200401",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-210308",
    "label": "Crédit d'impôt famille",
    "value": 209,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 210308",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-210309",
    "label": "Réduction d'impôt au titre des dons faits par les entreprises à des œuvres ou organismes d'intérêt général",
    "value": 1635,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 210309",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-210313",
    "label": "Crédits d'impôt \"Prêt à taux zéro\" et \"Prêt à taux zéro renforcé PTZ+\"",
    "value": 652,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 210313",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-210325",
    "label": "Crédit d'impôt à raison des investissements productifs réalisés dans les départements d'outre-mer",
    "value": 295,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 210325",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-210326",
    "label": "Taxation au taux de 10% des revenus issus de certains actifs de propriété industrielle",
    "value": 1199,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 210326",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-220104",
    "label": "Exonération d’impôt sur les bénéfices pour les entreprises créées ou reprises dans les ZRR",
    "value": 411,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 220104",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-300102",
    "label": "Exonération des organismes d'HLM et des offices publics d'aménagement et de construction (OPAC)",
    "value": 400,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 300102",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-300206",
    "label": "Exonérations des produits retirés par les sociétés d'investissements immobiliers cotées, ainsi que par leurs filiales ou des filiales de sociétés de placement à prépondérance immobilière à capital variable ou des filiales conjointes de ces dernières sociétés, et provenant de la location d'immeubles, de la sous-location des immeubles pris en crédit bail ou dont la jouissance a été conférée à titre temporaire par l'Etat, une collectivité territoriale ou leurs établissements publics, de certains droits réels immobiliers et de certaines plus-values de cession",
    "value": 648,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 300206",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-300210",
    "label": "Exonération des sociétés de placement à prépondérance immobilière à capital variable (SPPICAV)",
    "value": 600,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 300210",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-320119",
    "label": "Détermination du résultat imposable des entreprises de transport maritime en fonction du tonnage de leurs navires",
    "value": 625,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 320119",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-320129",
    "label": "Crédit d'impôt pour dépenses de production d'œuvres audiovisuelles",
    "value": 224,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 320129",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-320136",
    "label": "Crédit d’impôt à raison des investissements effectués dans le secteur du logement social dans les départements d’outre-mer",
    "value": 258,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 320136",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-320140",
    "label": "Crédit d'impôt pour dépenses de production exécutive d'œuvres cinématographiques et audiovisuelles étrangères",
    "value": 212,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 320140",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-520110",
    "label": "Exonération partielle, sous certaines conditions, de droits de mutation à titre gratuit lors de la transmission d'entreprises exploitées sous la forme individuelle ou détenues sous forme sociale",
    "value": 5000,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 520110",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-710103",
    "label": "Niveau des taux en Guadeloupe, en Martinique et à La Réunion (8,5 % pour le taux normal et 2,1 % pour le taux réduit)",
    "value": 1180,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 710103",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-720107",
    "label": "Exonération des services rendus aux personnes physiques par les associations agréées en application de l'article L. 7232-1 du code du travail",
    "value": 245,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 720107",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-730205",
    "label": "Taux de 10 % pour les prestations d’hébergement fournies dans le cadre du secteur hôtelier ou de secteurs ayant une fonction similaire et pour les locations de logements meublés à usage résidentiel assorties de prestations annexes",
    "value": 695,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 730205",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-730210",
    "label": "Taux de 10 % dans le secteur du logement locatif social pour les opérations qui ne sont pas éligibles au taux réduit de 5,5 %",
    "value": 560,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 730210",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-730213",
    "label": "Taux de 10 % pour les travaux d’amélioration, de transformation, d’aménagement et d’entretien, autres que les travaux de rénovation énergétiques soumis au taux de 5,5 % en application de l’article 278-0 bis A, portant sur les logements achevés depuis plus de deux ans",
    "value": 2195,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 730213",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-730216",
    "label": "Taux de 5,5 % dans le secteur de l’accession sociale à la propriété et dans le secteur du logement locatif social pour les logements financés par un prêt locatif aidé d’intégration (PLAI), pour les logements financés par un prêt locatif à usage social (PLUS) lorsqu’ils relèvent de la politique de renouvellement urbain, ainsi que pour certains travaux portant sur ces logements ou participant au renouvellement urbain",
    "value": 505,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 730216",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-730221",
    "label": "Taux de 10% pour la restauration commerciale (consommation sur place et vente à emporter en vue d'une consommation immédiate)",
    "value": 2025,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 730221",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-730222",
    "label": "Taux de 10 % pour les ventes et livraisons à soi-même, à des investisseurs dotés de la personnalité morale, de logements locatifs intermédiaires situés dans des zones caractérisées par un déséquilibre important entre l’offre et la demande de logement ou en cours de revitalisation et de réindustrialisation, lorsqu’ils répondent à des critères de mixité avec des logements locatifs sociaux, ainsi que pour les livraisons de logements locatifs intermédiaires à l’association foncière logement, ou aux sociétés qu’elle contrôle, lorsqu’ils sont situés dans des quartiers ciblés de la politique de la ville ou à leur proximité",
    "value": 225,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 730222",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-730223",
    "label": "Taux de 5,5% pour les travaux d'amélioration de la qualité énergétique des locaux à usage d'habitation achevés depuis plus de deux ans ainsi que sur les travaux induits qui leur sont indissociablement liés",
    "value": 935,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 730223",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-730230",
    "label": "Taux de 10 % applicable aux droits d’admission aux expositions, sites et installations à caractère culturel, ludique, éducatif et professionnel ainsi qu’aux loteries foraines",
    "value": 225,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 730230",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-730231",
    "label": "Taux de 5,5 % applicable aux droits d’entrée dans les théâtres, les cirques, les concerts, les spectacles de variété, les salles de cinéma, les parcs zoologiques et les compétitions de jeux vidéos",
    "value": 315,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 730231",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-730306",
    "label": "Taux particuliers applicables à divers produits et services consommés ou utilisés en Corse",
    "value": 219,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 730306",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-800201",
    "label": "Tarif réduit des gazoles non routiers autres que celui utilisé pour les usages agricoles",
    "value": 713,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 800201",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-800216",
    "label": "Tarif particulier pour le superéthanol E85, carburant essence comprenant au moins 65 % d'éthanol",
    "value": 501,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 800216",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-800221",
    "label": "Tarif réduit (remboursement) pour les gazoles utilisés comme carburant par les véhicules routiers de transport de marchandises d'au moins 7,5 tonnes",
    "value": 1178,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 800221",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-800229",
    "label": "Tarif réduit (remboursement ou application dès la facturation) pour les gazoles, les fiouls lourds et les gaz de pétrole liquéfiés utilisés pour les travaux agricoles et forestiers",
    "value": 1754,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 800229",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-800401",
    "label": "Réduction du champ de l'accise sur les produits énergétiques à usage carburants, dans les collectivités régies par l'article 73 de la Constitution, aux seuls essences et gazoles et faculté pour ces collectivités de minorer les tarifs",
    "value": 1466,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 800401",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-820203",
    "label": "Tarif réduit pour l’électricité consommée par les entreprises électro-intensives pour les besoins des activités industrielles",
    "value": 428,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 820203",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-830201",
    "label": "Tarif réduit pour les gaz naturels consommés comme combustible dans les installations grandes consommatrices d’énergie et soumises au régime des quotas d’émission de gaz à effet de serre du dispositif ETS pour les installations fixes (niveau d'intensité énergétique au moins égal à 3 % en valeur de production ou 0,5 % en valeur ajoutée)",
    "value": 673,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 830201",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-940102",
    "label": "Exonération pour les véhicules dont la source d’énergie est exclusivement l'électricité, l'hydrogène ou une combinaison des deux",
    "value": 1091,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 940102",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-940103",
    "label": "Exonération pour les véhicules de tourisme pour les véhicules hybrides électriques présentant une autonomie en mode tout électrique supérieure à 50 km",
    "value": 1199,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 940103",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-970105",
    "label": "Réduction des émissions, ou de la puissance administrative, prises en compte dans le barème du malus à hauteur de 80 grammes par kilomètre, ou de 4 CV, pour les véhicules comportant au moins 8 places assises dont disposent les personnes morales",
    "value": 700,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 970105",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-050202",
    "label": "Dépenses pour faciliter l'accessibilité pour personnes handicapées",
    "value": 248,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 050202",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-060201",
    "label": "Pertes de récoltes ou de bétail",
    "value": 284,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 060201",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-090112",
    "label": "Exonération de la cotisation minimum de CFE des redevables réalisant un très faible chiffre d'affaires",
    "value": 306,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Measure 090112",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-small-none",
    "label": "Smaller tax expenditures, under EUR 200m each",
    "value": 10703,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "All measures under EUR 200m",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-te-small-studied",
    "label": "Smaller tax expenditures with a causal study",
    "value": 158,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the tax expenditure in 2024 (réalisé), as estimated by the Ministry of Finance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "All measures under EUR 200m",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-se-lodeom",
    "label": "Overseas exemptions (LODEOM)",
    "value": 1517,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the social-contribution exemptions or reductions in 2024, all schemes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Direction de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "PLFSS 2026, annexe 4, Mesures de réduction et d'exonération",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/la-secu-en-detail/loi-de-financement/",
      "location": "Tableaux 9, 13, 14 and 21",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-se-targeted",
    "label": "Other targeted exemptions",
    "value": 9372,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the social-contribution exemptions or reductions in 2024, all schemes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Direction de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "PLFSS 2026, annexe 4, Mesures de réduction et d'exonération",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/la-secu-en-detail/loi-de-financement/",
      "location": "Tableaux 9, 13, 14 and 21",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-se-base",
    "label": "Exemptions from the contribution base",
    "value": 14900,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the social-contribution exemptions or reductions in 2024, all schemes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Direction de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "PLFSS 2026, annexe 4, Mesures de réduction et d'exonération",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/la-secu-en-detail/loi-de-financement/",
      "location": "Tableaux 9, 13, 14 and 21",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "register-share-at least one causal study",
    "label": "Share of public money in broad lines: At least one causal study",
    "value": 82.21508010267789,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Share of 2024 public money (general government spending by COFOG category, tax expenditures and social-contribution exemptions) in lines with this status. A spending line is a broad category, such as old-age pensions or primary education, and it counts in full as soon as one measure or rule inside it has a causal study: this is not the share of public money that has been evaluated.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "sum of the lines with this status / sum of all lines × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "register-GF0101",
        "register-GF0102",
        "register-GF0103",
        "register-GF0104",
        "register-GF0105",
        "register-GF0106",
        "register-GF0107",
        "register-GF0108",
        "register-GF0201",
        "register-GF0202",
        "register-GF0203",
        "register-GF0204",
        "register-GF0205",
        "register-GF0301",
        "register-GF0302",
        "register-GF0303",
        "register-GF0304",
        "register-GF0305",
        "register-GF0306",
        "register-GF0401",
        "register-GF0402",
        "register-GF0403",
        "register-GF0404",
        "register-GF0405",
        "register-GF0406",
        "register-GF0407",
        "register-GF0408",
        "register-GF0409",
        "register-GF0501",
        "register-GF0502",
        "register-GF0503",
        "register-GF0504",
        "register-GF0505",
        "register-GF0506",
        "register-GF0601",
        "register-GF0602",
        "register-GF0603",
        "register-GF0604",
        "register-GF0605",
        "register-GF0606",
        "register-GF0701",
        "register-GF0702",
        "register-GF0703",
        "register-GF0704",
        "register-GF0705",
        "register-GF0706",
        "register-GF0801",
        "register-GF0802",
        "register-GF0803",
        "register-GF0804",
        "register-GF0805",
        "register-GF0806",
        "register-GF0901",
        "register-GF0902",
        "register-GF0903",
        "register-GF0904",
        "register-GF0905",
        "register-GF0906",
        "register-GF0907",
        "register-GF0908",
        "register-GF1001",
        "register-GF1002",
        "register-GF1003",
        "register-GF1004",
        "register-GF1005",
        "register-GF1006",
        "register-GF1007",
        "register-GF1008",
        "register-GF1009",
        "register-te-100201",
        "register-te-110102",
        "register-te-110103",
        "register-te-110104",
        "register-te-110110",
        "register-te-110201",
        "register-te-110203",
        "register-te-110213",
        "register-te-110215",
        "register-te-110224",
        "register-te-110242",
        "register-te-110246",
        "register-te-110261",
        "register-te-110302",
        "register-te-120108",
        "register-te-120109",
        "register-te-120111",
        "register-te-120113",
        "register-te-120117",
        "register-te-120124",
        "register-te-120131",
        "register-te-120132",
        "register-te-120138",
        "register-te-120146",
        "register-te-120202",
        "register-te-120204",
        "register-te-120401",
        "register-te-120501",
        "register-te-120508",
        "register-te-130201",
        "register-te-140101",
        "register-te-140102",
        "register-te-140104",
        "register-te-140109",
        "register-te-140117",
        "register-te-140119",
        "register-te-170106",
        "register-te-200302",
        "register-te-200310",
        "register-te-200401",
        "register-te-210308",
        "register-te-210309",
        "register-te-210313",
        "register-te-210325",
        "register-te-210326",
        "register-te-220104",
        "register-te-300102",
        "register-te-300206",
        "register-te-300210",
        "register-te-320119",
        "register-te-320129",
        "register-te-320136",
        "register-te-320140",
        "register-te-520110",
        "register-te-710103",
        "register-te-720107",
        "register-te-730205",
        "register-te-730210",
        "register-te-730213",
        "register-te-730216",
        "register-te-730221",
        "register-te-730222",
        "register-te-730223",
        "register-te-730230",
        "register-te-730231",
        "register-te-730306",
        "register-te-800201",
        "register-te-800216",
        "register-te-800221",
        "register-te-800229",
        "register-te-800401",
        "register-te-820203",
        "register-te-830201",
        "register-te-940102",
        "register-te-940103",
        "register-te-970105",
        "register-te-050202",
        "register-te-060201",
        "register-te-090112",
        "register-te-small-none",
        "register-te-small-studied",
        "register-se-general",
        "register-se-lodeom",
        "register-se-targeted",
        "register-se-base"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Status is per line: a line counts as studied when at least one causal study is tied to it, even if the study covers one rule or one measure of the line, or an outcome other than its official goals."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-ti-industry_jobs-2021",
    "label": "Territoires d'industrie: 2018 communes, industrial jobs (census), 2021",
    "value": -5.96,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in industrial jobs (census) from the 2015 to the 2021 census in the treated communes, minus the change in their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). The 2021 census pools the surveys of 2019-2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=ti, outcome=industry_jobs, year=2021",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -11.0 to -1.0 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -15.4 to 4.4, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-additionality-jobs-2025",
    "label": "Additionality: communes entering ZRR in 2017, private-sector jobs, 2025",
    "value": -7.4399999999999995,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private-sector jobs in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of the ZRR (analysis/zrr.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/results.csv",
      "location": "design=additionality, outcome=jobs, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -14.5 to -0.4 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -22.1 to 9.2, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-additionality-population-2021",
    "label": "Additionality: communes entering ZRR in 2017, population (census), 2021",
    "value": -1.39,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in population (census) from the 2015 to the 2021 census in the treated communes, minus the change in their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). The 2021 census pools the surveys of 2019-2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of the ZRR (analysis/zrr.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/results.csv",
      "location": "design=additionality, outcome=population, year=2021",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -2.3 to -0.5 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -3.6 to 0.7, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-researchers-2012",
    "label": "Researchers per 1,000 in employment, France against its synthetic, 2008-2012",
    "value": 9.397581240323664,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2012,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gap between France's researchers per thousand in employment (all sectors, OECD MSTI) and its synthetic counterpart over 2008-2012, as a share of the synthetic level. The synthetic France is fitted on 1995-2007, from donors whose R&D tax incentives did not change.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Synthetic control of the CIR (analysis/cir.ml)",
      "url": "cir/results.csv",
      "location": "design=researchers-2008, unit=FRA, 2008-2012",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Rank p-value 0.10: the share of the 10 units, France and its placebos, whose fit worsens as much after 2008. With so few donors 0.10 is the smallest value possible. The series counts researchers in every sector, not only in firms."
  },
  {
    "id": "pensions-within-2025",
    "label": "Employment at 60-64 against 55-59, 2025",
    "value": 5.525,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employment rate at 60-64 minus the rate at 55-59 in France, relative to its 2019-2022 average: the change at the ages the 2023 reform targets, net of the change just below them. A descriptive change, not an estimate of the reform's effect.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Retirement age and employment (analysis/pensions.ml)",
      "url": "pensions/within.csv",
      "location": "year=2025, gap_vs_2019_2022",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "In 2005-2010 this gap moved by up to two points around its average without any reform."
  },
  {
    "id": "apprentices-no-higher-aid-2026",
    "label": "January-February 2026, no aid for higher education",
    "value": -38.103094532827996,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "New apprenticeship contracts preparing a higher-education diploma, relative to those preparing a secondary one (CAP to baccalauréat), compared with the same months of 2023-2024, when both received EUR 6,000. A descriptive comparison, not an estimate of the aid's effect.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Apprenticeship aid by diploma level (analysis/apprentices.ml)",
      "url": "apprentices/periods.csv",
      "location": "period=no-higher-aid-2026",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Noise band -43% to -33%, from the disagreement between 2023 and 2024 alone, assuming independent months. Runs of 2 consecutive months in 2022, with equal aid, range from -12% to 5%. Firms of 250 employees and more lost the aid at every level in January-February, and they hire most higher-education apprentices; firms may also have postponed contracts while a new decree was announced."
  },
  {
    "id": "te-evaluations-2020-2023",
    "label": "Evaluations carried out, of 35 planned for 2020-2023",
    "value": 4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Evaluations of tax expenditures actually carried out under the programmes the government set itself for 2020 to 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Cour des comptes",
      "title": "Analyse de l'exécution budgétaire 2025, Dépenses fiscales",
      "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2026-04/NEB-2026-Depenses-fiscales.pdf",
      "location": "Annex, p. 67",
      "published": "April 2026",
      "quote": "aucune évaluation sur les onze prévues dans le programme de travail pour 2022 n'a été réalisée et seules quatre ont été réalisées sur les 35 prévues au cours de la période 2020-2023."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "te-open-share",
    "label": "Share of the cost with no end date",
    "value": 89.07791423394403,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of the open-ended measures as a share of the total.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cost of tax expenditures with no end date ÷ cost × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "te-open-cost",
        "te-cost-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "te-open-cost",
    "label": "Cost of tax expenditures with no end date",
    "value": 79641,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "2024 cost of the measures with no end date.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiches, fields “Fin du fait générateur” and “Chiffrage 2024”",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Computed by this site from the 465 fiches (pp. 47-212), published as tax-expenditures.csv; the parsed 2024 costs add up to the official €89,406 million. Measures costed “nc”, “ε” or “-” count as zero."
  },
  {
    "id": "te-cost-2024",
    "label": "Cost of tax expenditures, 2024",
    "value": 89406,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sum of the cost of every tax expenditure, as revenue forgone, before any behavioural response.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "p. 13 and table p. 16",
      "published": "October 2025",
      "quote": "Le montant des dépenses fiscales s'est élevé à 89,4 Md€ en 2024 (montant définitif, +6,1 Md€ par rapport aux prévisions)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "The ministry itself warns that the sum “est donc dépourvue de réelle signification”, since measures interact. VAT measures count only the cost left to the State after its transfers to social security and local authorities.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€103.1bn",
        "source": "Cour des comptes, NEB 2026, p. 5",
        "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2026-04/NEB-2026-Depenses-fiscales.pdf",
        "why": "Counts VAT measures at their full revenue loss, as before 2024."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "te-count",
    "label": "Tax expenditures in force",
    "value": 465,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes not collected on purpose, listed as tax expenditures in the PLF 2026: 82 of them are being wound down.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "p. 14",
      "published": "October 2025",
      "quote": "le nombre des dépenses fiscales apparaissant dans le tome II des Voies et moyens annexé au PLF pour 2025 s'élève à 465, dont 82 sont en cours d'extinction"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-senate-broad",
    "label": "Support to companies, Senate broad estimate",
    "value": 211,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "State subsidies, Bpifrance loans, guarantees and equity at face value, every tax expenditure benefiting firms (VAT and reclassified ones included), and social-contribution reductions. Regional, local and EU aid are excluded.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat, commission d'enquête sur l'utilisation des aides publiques aux grandes entreprises",
      "title": "Rapport n° 808 (2024-2025), tome I",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/r24-808-1/r24-808-11.pdf",
      "location": "Part I.C.4, pp. 183-188; chart p. 186",
      "published": "8 July 2025",
      "quote": "Cette estimation des aides publiques aux entreprises au sens large aboutit à un montant annuel de 211 milliards d'euros en 2023, ce qui constitue un ordre de grandeur cohérent avec les estimations produites par France Stratégie et par le Clersé."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "The commission calls it an order of magnitude and a floor. The Bpifrance part is the face value of loans and guarantees, not their cost to the State. It covers all firms: the commission states that no figure exists for large firms alone."
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-hcsp-p1",
    "label": "Support to companies, HCSP perimeter 1",
    "value": 82,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Direct and targeted aid: targeted budget spending, classified tax expenditures excluding VAT, targeted contribution exemptions, loans and guarantees at their subsidy equivalent, and direct aid by local authorities.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Haut-Commissariat à la Stratégie et au Plan",
      "title": "Les aides aux entreprises : définition, périmètres, cadre de suivi et d'évaluation",
      "url": "https://www.strategie-plan.gouv.fr/files/files/Publications/2026/2026-07-16%20-%20Rapport%20Aides%20aux%20entreprises/HCSP-2026-RAPPORT-AIDES-ENTREPRISES.pdf",
      "location": "Part 2, §3.1-3.2, pp. 27-29",
      "published": "17 July 2026",
      "quote": "Ce premier périmètre, estimé à 82 milliards selon notre lecture des données du budget exécuté en 2023, comprend des dépenses budgétaires directes ciblées sur les entreprises, des dépenses fiscales classées, des exonérations ciblées de cotisations sociales, les « prêts, garanties et participations » en équivalent-subvention et les aides directes des collectivités territoriales"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Built on 2023 executed budget data, not updated since the 2025 note."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-bdf-paid",
    "label": "Paid to the State by the Banque de France",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The Banque de France's dividend and corporate tax paid to the State for the year.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Banque de France",
      "title": "Banque de France",
      "url": "https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/2025-03/Blog-ABQ-pertes-2025.pdf",
      "location": "Billet de blog d'Agnès Bénassy-Quéré, March 2025; raw/bdf_blog_abq_pertes_2025.pdf",
      "published": "March 2025",
      "quote": "2023: ordinary result −€12.4bn, absorbed by provisions; net result nil, nothing paid to the State."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-takeup-abroad",
    "label": "Share of net borrowing from abroad",
    "value": 104.15287456150912,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A holder's net take-up of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders': the change in its holdings at face value.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2023 − Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2022) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2023 − Public debt, all holders, end 2022) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2022-debt-s2",
        "dna-2023-debt-s2",
        "dna-2022-debt-s1_s2",
        "dna-2023-debt-s1_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Net take-up at face value: the change in what each sector holds over the year, which also moves when bonds change hands between sectors. Eurostat does not publish government debt transactions by holder; changes at face value carry no market revaluation, so they are the closest published measure. The total change in debt differs from the deficit by the stock-flow adjustment (cash buffers, premiums and discounts at issue), so the shares, not the amounts, are applied to the deficit."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2022-debt-s2",
    "label": "Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2022",
    "value": 1434892.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S2"
      },
      "time": 2022,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S2&time=2022"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-debt-s2",
    "label": "Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2023",
    "value": 1588630.7,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S2"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S2&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2022-debt-s1_s2",
    "label": "Public debt, all holders, end 2022",
    "value": 2955639.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S1_S2"
      },
      "time": 2022,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S1_S2&time=2022"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-debt-s1_s2",
    "label": "Public debt, all holders, end 2023",
    "value": 3103247.7,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S1_S2"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S1_S2&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-takeup-abroad",
    "label": "Share of net borrowing from abroad",
    "value": 73.87514850948243,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A holder's net take-up of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders': the change in its holdings at face value.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2024 − Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2023) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2024 − Public debt, all holders, end 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-debt-s2",
        "dna-2024-debt-s2",
        "dna-2023-debt-s1_s2",
        "dna-2024-debt-s1_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Net take-up at face value: the change in what each sector holds over the year, which also moves when bonds change hands between sectors. Eurostat does not publish government debt transactions by holder; changes at face value carry no market revaluation, so they are the closest published measure. The total change in debt differs from the deficit by the stock-flow adjustment (cash buffers, premiums and discounts at issue), so the shares, not the amounts, are applied to the deficit."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-debt-s2",
    "label": "Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2024",
    "value": 1738485.7,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S2"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S2&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-debt-s1_s2",
    "label": "Public debt, all holders, end 2024",
    "value": 3306096.7,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S1_S2"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S1_S2&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2025-takeup-abroad",
    "label": "Share of net borrowing from abroad",
    "value": 91.77811002770011,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A holder's net take-up of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders': the change in its holdings at face value.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2025 − Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2024) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2025 − Public debt, all holders, end 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-debt-s2",
        "dna-2025-debt-s2",
        "dna-2024-debt-s1_s2",
        "dna-2025-debt-s1_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Net take-up at face value: the change in what each sector holds over the year, which also moves when bonds change hands between sectors. Eurostat does not publish government debt transactions by holder; changes at face value carry no market revaluation, so they are the closest published measure. The total change in debt differs from the deficit by the stock-flow adjustment (cash buffers, premiums and discounts at issue), so the shares, not the amounts, are applied to the deficit."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2025-debt-s2",
    "label": "Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2025",
    "value": 1880162.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S2"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S2&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2025-debt-s1_s2",
    "label": "Public debt, all holders, end 2025",
    "value": 3460465.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S1_S2"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S1_S2&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-duty-rate",
    "label": "Duties as a share of what is passed on",
    "value": 6.939666666666666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Inheritance and gift duties collected in 2024, as a share of the estimated annual flow of inheritances and gifts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "duties / flow × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "capital-dmtg-2024",
        "capital-inheritance-flow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04",
    "caveat": "The flow is the CAE's estimate for about 2020 and may have changed since."
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-dmtg-2024",
    "label": "Inheritance and gift duties",
    "value": 20819,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes on capital transfers (ESA D.91A): inheritance and gift duties.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_taxag",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13_S212",
        "na_item": "D91A"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_taxag?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13_S212&na_item=D91A&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-inheritance-flow",
    "label": "Inherited and given each year",
    "value": 300,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Wealth passed on each year by inheritance and gifts, estimated from the national-accounts stock, mortality, and the wealth of the dead relative to the living.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Conseil d'analyse économique",
      "title": "Repenser l'héritage, note n° 69 (Dherbécourt, Fack, Landais, Stantcheva)",
      "url": "https://www.cae-eco.fr/static/pdf/cae-note069s.pdf",
      "location": "p. 5",
      "published": "December 2021",
      "quote": "Le flux total des transmissions patrimoniales annuel représente désormais plus de 15 % du PIB, soit 300 milliards d'euros."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04",
    "caveat": "France Stratégie (2017) estimated €250bn in 2015, 19% of household disposable income, against 8.5% in 1980."
  },
  {
    "id": "home-top-mean-bn",
    "label": "Top 0.001% by wealth: mean net wealth, billions",
    "value": 1.5258044109363869,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's wealth divided by its adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.001% by wealth: mean net wealth ÷ 1,000,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-bucket-11-mean"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-11-mean",
    "label": "Top 0.001% by wealth: mean net wealth",
    "value": 1525804410.9363868,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's wealth divided by its adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of the total × WID's total ÷ adults",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-adults",
    "label": "Adults, WID",
    "value": 52956956,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Adults (aged 20 or more) living in France, WID's count.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable npopuli992, percentile p0p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;npopuli992;p0p100;2024;52956956"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P0, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 276795.4,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p0p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p0p100;2024;276795.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p99.999p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P99.999, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 1543729709.6,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p99.999p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p99.999p100;2024;1543729709.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-index-2024",
    "label": "WID price index, 2024 (2025 = 1)",
    "value": 0.9883882999420166,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "WID's national income price index for France in 2024, equal to 1 in 2025, the year whose prices WID's euros are expressed in.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable inyixxi999, percentile p0p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;inyixxi999;p0p100;2024;0.988388299942"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p99.999p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P99.999, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 798715008,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p99.999p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p99.999p100;2024;798715008"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-total",
    "label": "Net personal wealth, WID total",
    "value": 14488.034974397251,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of all adults in France at the end of 2024, in current 2024 euros: WID's total in 2025 euros times WID's price index for 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net personal wealth, WID total, 2025 euros × WID price index, 2024 (2025 = 1)",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-total-2025eur",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-total-2025eur",
    "label": "Net personal wealth, WID total, 2025 euros",
    "value": 14658.242084864001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of all adults in France: non-financial and financial assets less debts, WID's total for the distribution.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable mhweali999, percentile p0p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;mhweali999;p0p100;2024;14658242084864"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-11-share",
    "label": "Top 0.001% by wealth: share of net wealth",
    "value": 5.577150883324337,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The share of WID's total the group holds: the top tenth is cut at P99.999, WID's last published rank, and the share above it is read from WID's average there.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "average above P99.999 × 0.001% ÷ mean, and the rest",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bottom50",
    "label": "Wealth held by the poorest half of adults",
    "value": 4.840000000000003,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of net personal wealth held by the poorest 50% of adults, ranked by net wealth, 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "100 − Share of net wealth above P50, WID",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-share-p50p100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-share-p50p100",
    "label": "Share of net wealth above P50, WID",
    "value": 95.16,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of net personal wealth held by the adults above this rank, as WID publishes it, to four decimals.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable shwealj992, percentile p50p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;shwealj992;p50p100;2024;0.9516"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-share-p90p100",
    "label": "Share of net wealth above P90, WID",
    "value": 59.88,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of net personal wealth held by the adults above this rank, as WID publishes it, to four decimals.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable shwealj992, percentile p90p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;shwealj992;p90p100;2024;0.5988"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y80-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y80-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y80-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 186.8012325330171,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.6886353662951734,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
    "label": "Subsidies on products",
    "value": 44.21204481086323,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home × Subsidies on products ÷ Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective-net",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2023-cat-coll"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective-net",
    "label": "Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home",
    "value": 430024.69999999995,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The collective spending categories without the transfers to the rest of the world, which are drawn to Outside France.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies − EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) − International cooperation paid − Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective-total",
        "dna-2023-row-d76pay",
        "dna-2023-row-d74pay",
        "dna-2023-row-d9pay_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective-total",
    "label": "Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies",
    "value": 465106.69999999995,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General public services without debt interest, defence, public order, economic affairs, environmental protection and housing and community amenities.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "General public services − Debt interest + Defence + Public order and safety + Economic affairs + Environmental protection + Housing and community amenities",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-gf01",
        "dna-2023-gf0107",
        "dna-2023-gf02",
        "dna-2023-gf03",
        "dna-2023-gf04",
        "dna-2023-gf05",
        "dna-2023-gf06"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-gf01",
    "label": "General public services",
    "value": 174763.5,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Executive and legislative bodies, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs and debt interest.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF01"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF01&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-gf0107",
    "label": "Debt interest",
    "value": 51706.4,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Public debt transactions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF0107"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF0107&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-gf02",
    "label": "Defence",
    "value": 51179.8,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Military and civil defence.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF02"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF02&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-gf03",
    "label": "Public order and safety",
    "value": 48711.9,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Police, justice, prisons and fire.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF03"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF03&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-gf04",
    "label": "Economic affairs",
    "value": 177620.3,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Transport, energy, agriculture, industry and other economic affairs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF04"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF04&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-gf05",
    "label": "Environmental protection",
    "value": 28935.8,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Waste, water and pollution management.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF05"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF05&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-gf06",
    "label": "Housing and community amenities",
    "value": 35601.8,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Housing development, community development, water supply and street lighting.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF06"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF06&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-row-d76pay",
    "label": "EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources)",
    "value": 23876,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D76PAY"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D76PAY&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-row-d74pay",
    "label": "International cooperation paid",
    "value": 10833,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D74PAY"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D74PAY&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-row-d9pay_s2",
    "label": "Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
    "value": 373,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D9PAY_S2"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D9PAY_S2&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products",
    "label": "Subsidies on products",
    "value": 31.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-cat-coll",
    "label": "Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06",
    "value": 309.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production + Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production",
    "label": "Subsidies on production",
    "value": 38.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other",
    "label": "Collective services",
    "value": 239.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 6.081228266634154,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
    "label": "Consumption per consumption unit, 2017",
    "value": 22220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2017,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean household consumption per consumption unit, euros, recalibrated on the national accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue”",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4127596",
      "location": "Figure 1",
      "published": "17 April 2019",
      "quote": "Âge de la personne de référence, consommation par UC 2017: Moins de 35 ans 2; De 35 à 64 ans 3; 65 ans ou plus – 7 (écart à la moyenne en %); moyenne 22 220 euros"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2023",
    "value": 4120876,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2023-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2023-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2023-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2023-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2023-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2023-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2023-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2023-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2023-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2023-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2023-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2023-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2023-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2023-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2023-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2023-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2023-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2023-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2023-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2023-100",
        "nta-pop-2024-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-80",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 80 years",
    "value": 402370,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y80"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y80&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-80",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2024, 80 years",
    "value": 431640,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y80"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y80&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-81",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 81 years",
    "value": 348046,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y81"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y81&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-81",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2024, 81 years",
    "value": 389750,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y81"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y81&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-82",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 82 years",
    "value": 351223,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y82"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y82&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-82",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2024, 82 years",
    "value": 337317,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y82"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y82&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-83",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 83 years",
    "value": 355316,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y83"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y83&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-83",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2024, 83 years",
    "value": 337301,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y83"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y83&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-84",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 84 years",
    "value": 334528,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y84"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y84&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-84",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2024, 84 years",
    "value": 338904,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y84"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y84&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-85",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 85 years",
    "value": 312268,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
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      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y85&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-85",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2024, 85 years",
    "value": 315950,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
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      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
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        "age": "Y85"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-86",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 86 years",
    "value": 294601,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
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      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y86&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-86",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2024, 86 years",
    "value": 293467,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-87",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 87 years",
    "value": 267310,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-87",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2024, 87 years",
    "value": 277246,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
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      "filters": {
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-88",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 88 years",
    "value": 248255,
    "unit": "count",
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    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-88",
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    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-89",
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    "value": 216078,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
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  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-100",
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        "geo": "FR",
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        "age": "Y_OPEN"
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        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2023-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2023-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2023-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2023-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2023-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2023-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2023-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2023-12",
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        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2023-14",
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        "nta-pop-2023-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2023-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2023-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2023-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2023-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2023-20",
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        "nta-pop-2023-21",
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        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2023-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2023-33",
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        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2023-35",
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        "nta-pop-2023-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
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        "nta-pop-2024-38",
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        "nta-pop-2023-52",
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    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y73"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y73&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-74",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 74 years",
    "value": 724966,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y74"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y74&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-74",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2024, 74 years",
    "value": 731087,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y74"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y74&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-75",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 75 years",
    "value": 702086,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y75"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y75&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-75",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2024, 75 years",
    "value": 712777,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y75"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y75&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-76",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 76 years",
    "value": 653579,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y76"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y76&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-76",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2024, 76 years",
    "value": 688202,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y76"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y76&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-77",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 77 years",
    "value": 483621,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y77"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y77&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-77",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2024, 77 years",
    "value": 639044,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y77"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y77&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-78",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 78 years",
    "value": 463072,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y78"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y78&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-78",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2024, 78 years",
    "value": 474701,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y78"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y78&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2023-79",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2023, 79 years",
    "value": 443442,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y79"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y79&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2024-79",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2024, 79 years",
    "value": 453221,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y79"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y79&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.13070357665978555,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
    "label": "Subsidies on production",
    "value": 52.97103482056256,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home × Subsidies on production ÷ Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective-net",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-2023-cat-coll"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.2467453715082953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-14",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 120.06668740516126,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 100, 01: 350, 02: 750, 03: 1250, 04: 1750, 05: 2500, 06: 3500, 07: 5000, 08: 7000, 09: 9000, 10: 11000, 11: 13000, 12: 15000, 13: 17000, 14: 19000, 15: 21000, 16: 23000, 17: 25000, 18: 27000, 19: 29000, 20: 32500, 21: 37500, 22: 45000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-all",
        "nta-bts-n-14-00",
        "nta-bts-n-14-01",
        "nta-bts-n-14-02",
        "nta-bts-n-14-03",
        "nta-bts-n-14-04",
        "nta-bts-n-14-05",
        "nta-bts-n-14-06",
        "nta-bts-n-14-07",
        "nta-bts-n-14-08",
        "nta-bts-n-14-09",
        "nta-bts-n-14-10",
        "nta-bts-n-14-11",
        "nta-bts-n-14-12",
        "nta-bts-n-14-13",
        "nta-bts-n-14-14",
        "nta-bts-n-14-15",
        "nta-bts-n-14-16",
        "nta-bts-n-14-17",
        "nta-bts-n-14-18",
        "nta-bts-n-14-19",
        "nta-bts-n-14-20",
        "nta-bts-n-14-21",
        "nta-bts-n-14-22",
        "nta-bts-n-14-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-tail-all",
    "label": "Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
    "value": 78017.98196120454,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The mean of a Pareto tail above 50,000 euros whose coefficient α matches the employees paid 40,000 euros or more and 50,000 euros or more.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50,000 × α ÷ (α − 1), α = ln((Employees aged 0 to 100 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights + Employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights) ÷ Employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights) ÷ ln(50,000 ÷ 40,000)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-n-0-22",
        "nta-bts-n-0-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-0-22",
    "label": "Employees aged 0 to 100 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 1770228,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 0 to 100, band 22, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-0-23",
    "label": "Employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 2054928,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 0 to 100, band 23, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-00",
    "label": "Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 0 to 200 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 11292,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 14 to 29, band 00, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-01",
    "label": "Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 200 to 500 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 17844,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 14 to 29, band 01, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-02",
    "label": "Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 500 to 1,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 62700,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
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    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-03",
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  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-04",
    "label": "Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 1,500 to 2,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 270588,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-05",
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    "value": 470028,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-06",
    "label": "Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 3,000 to 4,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 421980,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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    },
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  {
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    "value": 631632,
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    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-08",
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    "value": 543168,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-09",
    "label": "Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 8,000 to 10,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 523380,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
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      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 14 to 29, band 09, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-10",
    "label": "Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 10,000 to 12,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 491028,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 14 to 29, band 10, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-11",
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    "value": 464796,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-12",
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    "value": 443832,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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  },
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    "value": 504672,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
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    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-14",
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    "value": 529296,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-15",
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    "value": 510372,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-16",
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    "value": 430128,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-17",
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    "value": 333288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-18",
    "label": "Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 26,000 to 28,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 264252,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-19",
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    "value": 207024,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-20",
    "label": "Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 30,000 to 35,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 332220,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-21",
    "label": "Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 35,000 to 40,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 165144,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-22",
    "label": "Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 111648,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-14-23",
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    "value": 53376,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
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    "id": "nta-bts-mass-30",
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    "value": 171.41127814344398,
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    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-00",
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    "value": 4620,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-01",
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    "value": 4944,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-02",
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    "unit": "count",
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    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-03",
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    "value": 34644,
    "unit": "count",
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    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-04",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 1,500 to 2,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 57288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-05",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 2,000 to 3,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 113568,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-06",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 3,000 to 4,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 110424,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-07",
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    "value": 222600,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-08",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 6,000 to 8,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 213084,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-09",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 8,000 to 10,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 228936,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 09, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-10",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 10,000 to 12,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 228636,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 10, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-11",
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    "value": 237516,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 11, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-12",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 14,000 to 16,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 257784,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-13",
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    "value": 356688,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-14",
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    "value": 441684,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
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    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-15",
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    "value": 507036,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-16",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 22,000 to 24,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 510924,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-17",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 24,000 to 26,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 464832,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-18",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 26,000 to 28,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 417012,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-19",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 28,000 to 30,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 358728,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
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      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-20",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 30,000 to 35,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 652260,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-21",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 35,000 to 40,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 397644,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-22",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 419772,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-30-23",
    "label": "Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 401388,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 30 to 39, band 23, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-40",
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    "value": 192.6765159142459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-00",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 0 to 200 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 3468,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-01",
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    "value": 3888,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-02",
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    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-03",
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    "value": 24984,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-04",
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    "value": 42444,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-05",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 2,000 to 3,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 85044,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-06",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 3,000 to 4,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 82704,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-07",
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    "value": 165384,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-08",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 6,000 to 8,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 160224,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-09",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 8,000 to 10,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 180804,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-10",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 10,000 to 12,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 191220,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 40 to 49, band 10, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-11",
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    "value": 190632,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-12",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 14,000 to 16,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 210072,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-13",
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    "value": 284844,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-14",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 18,000 to 20,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 359016,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
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  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-15",
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    "value": 434664,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-16",
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    "value": 461232,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
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  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-17",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 24,000 to 26,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 444348,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-18",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 26,000 to 28,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 400224,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-19",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 28,000 to 30,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 361512,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-20",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 30,000 to 35,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 751260,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-21",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 35,000 to 40,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 496452,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-22",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 531120,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "kind": "document",
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-40-23",
    "label": "Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 641160,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-50",
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    "value": 195.38370172052078,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
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    "unit": "count",
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-01",
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    "value": 3180,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
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    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-02",
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    "unit": "count",
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    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-03",
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    "value": 19752,
    "unit": "count",
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    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-04",
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    "value": 36492,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-05",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 2,000 to 3,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 73092,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-06",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 3,000 to 4,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 72840,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
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      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 06, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-07",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 4,000 to 6,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 151764,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-08",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 6,000 to 8,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 151224,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-09",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 8,000 to 10,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 170472,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 09, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-10",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 10,000 to 12,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 191448,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 10, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-11",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 12,000 to 14,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 190320,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 50 to 59, band 11, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-12",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 14,000 to 16,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 204696,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-13",
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    "value": 272316,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-14",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 18,000 to 20,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 347196,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
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  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-15",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 20,000 to 22,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 416616,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-16",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 22,000 to 24,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 454416,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
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    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-17",
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    "value": 446964,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-18",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 26,000 to 28,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 389544,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-19",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 28,000 to 30,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 342240,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-20",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 30,000 to 35,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 662040,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-21",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 35,000 to 40,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 485340,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-22",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 568668,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-50-23",
    "label": "Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 724188,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-60",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 54.79029085220221,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-00",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 0 to 200 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 8772,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-01",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 200 to 500 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 8892,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-02",
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    "value": 11748,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-03",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 1,000 to 1,500 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 25980,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-04",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 1,500 to 2,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 42948,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-05",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 2,000 to 3,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 84780,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-06",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 3,000 to 4,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 78408,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-07",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 4,000 to 6,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 131328,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
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      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-08",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 6,000 to 8,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 114108,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 08, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-09",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 8,000 to 10,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 103176,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
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      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 09, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-10",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 10,000 to 12,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 100200,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 10, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-11",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 12,000 to 14,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 87528,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 11, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-12",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 14,000 to 16,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 81888,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 12, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-13",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 16,000 to 18,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 93564,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 13, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-14",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 18,000 to 20,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 98304,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 14, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-15",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 20,000 to 22,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 105468,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 15, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-16",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 22,000 to 24,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 106020,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 16, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-17",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 24,000 to 26,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 100944,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 17, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-18",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 26,000 to 28,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 86964,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 18, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-19",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 28,000 to 30,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 74436,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 19, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-20",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 30,000 to 35,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 143736,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 20, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-21",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 35,000 to 40,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 105120,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 21, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-22",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 139020,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8730395",
      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 22, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-n-60-23",
    "label": "Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights",
    "value": 234816,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employees of the reduced file in this band of total annual net pay, summed with Insee's weight of 12; the file over-represents those born in an even year, so this is a count of the file, not a volume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "title": "Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail",
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      "location": "data/income/bts_pay_2023.csv: age 60 to 100, band 23, weight summed over sectors",
      "published": "24 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
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    "id": "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
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    "value": 1480.5,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 × Mean disposable income of households, ages 18 to 29, 2023 ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-18",
        "nta-erfs-disposable-18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-18",
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    "value": 4.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 7 “Revenus d'indépendants (2)”, column B",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-disposable-18",
    "label": "Mean disposable income of households, ages 18 to 29, 2023",
    "value": 32900,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean annual disposable income of households by age of the reference person, constant 2023 euros (ERFS, TRD04).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731524",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_TRD04”, row 5 “Moins de 30 ans”, column AF",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
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    "value": 3236.1,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 × Mean disposable income of households, ages 30 to 39, 2023 ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-30",
        "nta-erfs-disposable-30"
      ]
    },
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  },
  {
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    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 7 “Revenus d'indépendants (2)”, column C",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-disposable-30",
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    "value": 46230,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean annual disposable income of households by age of the reference person, constant 2023 euros (ERFS, TRD04).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
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      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_TRD04”, row 6 “De 30 à 39 ans”, column AF",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
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    "id": "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
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    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
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      "inputs": [
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        "nta-erfs-disposable-40"
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  {
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    "value": 5.5,
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    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 7 “Revenus d'indépendants (2)”, column D",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-disposable-40",
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    "value": 52530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean annual disposable income of households by age of the reference person, constant 2023 euros (ERFS, TRD04).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
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      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_TRD04”, row 7 “De 40 à 49 ans”, column AF",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
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    "unit": "EUR",
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    "definition": "Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 × Mean disposable income of households, ages 50 to 64, 2023 ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-50",
        "nta-erfs-disposable-50"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-50",
    "label": "Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023",
    "value": 6.2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 7 “Revenus d'indépendants (2)”, column E",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-disposable-50",
    "label": "Mean disposable income of households, ages 50 to 64, 2023",
    "value": 50040,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean annual disposable income of households by age of the reference person, constant 2023 euros (ERFS, TRD04).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731524",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_TRD04”, row 8 “De 50 à 64 ans”, column AF",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
    "label": "Self-employment income per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023",
    "value": 1013.48,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 × Mean disposable income of households, ages 65 to 74, 2023 ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-65",
        "nta-erfs-disposable-65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-65",
    "label": "Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023",
    "value": 2.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 7 “Revenus d'indépendants (2)”, column F",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-disposable-65",
    "label": "Mean disposable income of households, ages 65 to 74, 2023",
    "value": 38980,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean annual disposable income of households by age of the reference person, constant 2023 euros (ERFS, TRD04).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731524",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_TRD04”, row 9 “De 65 à 74 ans”, column AF",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
    "label": "Self-employment income per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023",
    "value": 826.62,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 × Mean disposable income of households, ages 75 to 100, 2023 ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-75",
        "nta-erfs-disposable-75"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-75",
    "label": "Self-employment income, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023",
    "value": 2.3,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 7 “Revenus d'indépendants (2)”, column G",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-disposable-75",
    "label": "Mean disposable income of households, ages 75 to 100, 2023",
    "value": 35940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean annual disposable income of households by age of the reference person, constant 2023 euros (ERFS, TRD04).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731524",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_TRD04”, row 10 “75 ans et plus”, column AF",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-households-18",
    "label": "Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 9.2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of households whose reference person is of this age.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 18 “Ensemble”, column B",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-households-30",
    "label": "Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 14.8,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of households whose reference person is of this age.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 18 “Ensemble”, column C",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-households-40",
    "label": "Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 16.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of households whose reference person is of this age.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 18 “Ensemble”, column D",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-households-50",
    "label": "Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 19,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of households whose reference person is of this age.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 18 “Ensemble”, column E",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-households-60",
    "label": "Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 16.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of households whose reference person is of this age.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 18 “Ensemble”, column F",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-households-70",
    "label": "Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 23.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of households whose reference person is of this age.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 18 “Ensemble”, column G",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pensions",
    "value": 90.13498225822143,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 80 and over, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions",
    "label": "Pensions",
    "value": 370.02242299646645,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social protection × Pensions ÷ Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-gf10",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions",
        "dna-2023-cat-gf10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-gf10",
    "label": "Social protection",
    "value": 657931.3,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Old age, survivors, sickness and disability, family, unemployment, housing and social exclusion.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF10"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF10&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions",
    "label": "Pensions",
    "value": 397.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-cat-gf10",
    "label": "Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection",
    "value": 707.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits + Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits",
    "label": "Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 46.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash",
    "label": "Other cash benefits",
    "value": 147.70000000000002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, column B (Ensemble), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, Ensemble: 38; row 34, Ensemble: 33.6; row 35, Ensemble: 33.9; row 36, Ensemble: 22.9; row 37, Ensemble: 19.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind",
    "label": "Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 115.80000000000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, column B (Ensemble), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, Ensemble: 80.8; row 44, Ensemble: 16.1; row 45, Ensemble: 18.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 24.359329774747778,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
    "label": "Retirees of a direct pension resident in France, end 2022",
    "value": 16061.970000000001,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirees with a direct (own-right) pension from at least one French scheme, resident in France, thousands.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "DREES",
      "title": "Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022",
      "url": "https://data.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/1393_les-effectifs-et-montants-de-pension-des-retraites/",
      "location": "Tableau 1.2-d, column B, rows 5 to 47",
      "published": "30 October 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
    "label": "Survivors' pension recipients resident in France, end 2022",
    "value": 3826.895,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Recipients of a survivor's pension, alone or with a direct pension, resident in France, thousands.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "DREES",
      "title": "Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022",
      "url": "https://data.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/1393_les-effectifs-et-montants-de-pension-des-retraites/",
      "location": "Sheet “1.4-a”, row 23 “2022”, column F",
      "published": "30 October 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
    "label": "Average survivor's pension, residents, end 2022",
    "value": 739,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Gross monthly survivor's pension, euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "DREES",
      "title": "Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022",
      "url": "https://data.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/1393_les-effectifs-et-montants-de-pension-des-retraites/",
      "location": "Sheet “2.4-a”, row 23 “2022”, column F",
      "published": "30 October 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 80 and over, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
    "label": "Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 42.87015255123676,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social protection × Unemployment benefits ÷ Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-gf10",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2023-cat-gf10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-unemployment-recipients-2023",
    "label": "Unemployment benefit recipients, December 2023",
    "value": 3108570,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Jobseekers paid an unemployment benefit in the month, all schemes, France.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "France Travail",
      "title": "Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge",
      "url": "https://statistiques.francetravail.org/indem/static/donnees",
      "location": "Sheet “Indemnisés France sexe age”, men and women summed",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.058360262237876,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash",
    "label": "Other cash benefits",
    "value": 137.35187704593642,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social protection × Other cash benefits ÷ Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-gf10",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-2023-cat-gf10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.9547177290344457,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP), Insee",
    "value": 38,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.2467453715082953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Famille, Insee",
    "value": 33.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 34 “Famille”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-caf-family-2023",
    "label": "CNAF, family benefits paid in 2023",
    "value": 27742528625,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Amounts paid by the family allowance funds in the year, summed over the months, euros: family benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "CNAF",
      "title": "Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National]",
      "url": "https://data.caf.fr/explore/dataset/s_age_1_nat/",
      "location": "All ages, all months of the year",
      "published": "9 October 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Exclusion sociale, Insee",
    "value": 33.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 35 “Exclusion sociale”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 0.35450202898827277,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-caf-minimum-2023",
    "label": "CNAF, minimum incomes (RSA, prime d'activité) paid in 2023",
    "value": 21909237498,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Amounts paid by the family allowance funds in the year, summed over the months, euros: minimum incomes (RSA, prime d'activité).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "CNAF",
      "title": "Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National]",
      "url": "https://data.caf.fr/explore/dataset/s_age_1_nat/",
      "location": "All ages, all months of the year",
      "published": "9 October 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Invalidité, Insee",
    "value": 22.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 36 “Invalidité”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 0.9395786448796082,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-caf-disability-2023",
    "label": "CNAF, disability benefits (AAH, AEEH, AJPP, AJPA) paid in 2023",
    "value": 13453324952,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Amounts paid by the family allowance funds in the year, summed over the months, euros: disability benefits (AAH, AEEH, AJPP, AJPA).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "CNAF",
      "title": "Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National]",
      "url": "https://data.caf.fr/explore/dataset/s_age_1_nat/",
      "location": "All ages, all months of the year",
      "published": "9 October 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé, Insee",
    "value": 19.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 20.388679518685336,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-health-2023",
    "label": "Public health insurance reimbursement per person, 2023",
    "value": 2496,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average amount reimbursed by mandatory health insurance per insured person, all care.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "DREES",
      "title": "Dépenses de santé et restes à charge",
      "url": "https://data.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/depenses-de-sante-et-restes-a-charge/",
      "location": "Classe d'âge _Ensemble",
      "published": "13 April 2026",
      "quote": "_Ensemble: €2496; 51 - 60 ans: €2557; 31 - 40 ans: €1477; 00 - 10 ans: €925; 61 - 70 ans: €3822; 41 - 50 ans: €1713; 11 - 20 ans: €887; 80 ans et plus: €7858; 71 - 80 ans: €5587; 21 - 30 ans: €1134"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Health care",
    "value": 50.905721029790875,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 80 and over, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "nta-2023-share-health-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health",
    "label": "Health care",
    "value": 249.6764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health × Health care ÷ Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-gf07",
        "dna-insee-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-gf07",
    "label": "Health",
    "value": 249676.4,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Hospitals, outpatient care and medicines.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF07"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF07&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health",
    "label": "Health care",
    "value": 209.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-health-health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 20.388679518685336,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Education",
    "value": 0.011645102843025015,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 80 and over, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "nta-2023-share-education-education-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education",
    "label": "Education",
    "value": 141.5548,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Education ÷ Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-gf09",
        "dna-insee-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-gf09",
    "label": "Education",
    "value": 141554.8,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Schools and universities.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF09"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF09&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education",
    "label": "Education",
    "value": 128.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-education-education-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 0.008226568680839515,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
    "label": "Spending per pupil or student, pre-primary",
    "value": 8492.6,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Expenditure on public and private educational institutions per full-time-equivalent pupil or student, in euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "educ_uoe_fini04",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "EUR",
        "sector": "TOT_SEC",
        "isced11": "ED02"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-15T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/educ_uoe_fini04?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=EUR&sector=TOT_SEC&isced11=ED02&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
    "label": "Spending per pupil or student, primary",
    "value": 8351.7,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Expenditure on public and private educational institutions per full-time-equivalent pupil or student, in euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "educ_uoe_fini04",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "EUR",
        "sector": "TOT_SEC",
        "isced11": "ED1"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-15T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/educ_uoe_fini04?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=EUR&sector=TOT_SEC&isced11=ED1&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
    "label": "Spending per pupil or student, lower secondary",
    "value": 9968.3,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Expenditure on public and private educational institutions per full-time-equivalent pupil or student, in euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "educ_uoe_fini04",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "EUR",
        "sector": "TOT_SEC",
        "isced11": "ED2"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-15T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/educ_uoe_fini04?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=EUR&sector=TOT_SEC&isced11=ED2&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
    "label": "Spending per pupil or student, upper secondary",
    "value": 13074.4,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Expenditure on public and private educational institutions per full-time-equivalent pupil or student, in euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "educ_uoe_fini04",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "EUR",
        "sector": "TOT_SEC",
        "isced11": "ED3_4"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-15T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/educ_uoe_fini04?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=EUR&sector=TOT_SEC&isced11=ED3_4&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
    "label": "Spending per pupil or student, tertiary",
    "value": 15855.7,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Expenditure on public and private educational institutions per full-time-equivalent pupil or student, in euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "educ_uoe_fini04",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "EUR",
        "sector": "TOT_SEC",
        "isced11": "ED5-8"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-15T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/educ_uoe_fini04?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=EUR&sector=TOT_SEC&isced11=ED5-8&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 16.34745165330411,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 80 and over, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
    "label": "Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 107.68684740636044,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social protection × Social care and housing aid ÷ Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-gf10",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2023-cat-gf10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 15.180546229212537,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.), Insee",
    "value": 80.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 19.796642602000798,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-spending-elderly_home-2023",
    "label": "Departments' help at home to the elderly, 2023, € thousands",
    "value": 4361358.575,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Gross departmental social spending, thousands of euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "DREES",
      "title": "Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024",
      "url": "https://data.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/376_les-depenses-d-aide-sociale-departementale/",
      "location": "Sheet “Données nationales”, row 60 “Aide à domicile, dont :”, column AB",
      "published": "17 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2023",
    "label": "Departments' help to the elderly in care homes, 2023, € thousands",
    "value": 3916552.696,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Gross departmental social spending, thousands of euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "DREES",
      "title": "Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024",
      "url": "https://data.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/376_les-depenses-d-aide-sociale-departementale/",
      "location": "Sheet “Données nationales”, row 63 “Aide à l’accueil, dont :”, column AB",
      "published": "17 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-spending-disability_home-2023",
    "label": "Departments' help at home to the disabled, 2023, € thousands",
    "value": 3434509.817,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Gross departmental social spending, thousands of euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "DREES",
      "title": "Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024",
      "url": "https://data.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/376_les-depenses-d-aide-sociale-departementale/",
      "location": "Sheet “Données nationales”, row 48 “Aide à domicile, dont :”, column AB",
      "published": "17 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2023",
    "label": "Departments' help to the disabled in care homes, 2023, € thousands",
    "value": 6452497.064,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Gross departmental social spending, thousands of euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "DREES",
      "title": "Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024",
      "url": "https://data.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/376_les-depenses-d-aide-sociale-departementale/",
      "location": "Sheet “Données nationales”, row 52 “Aide à l’accueil, dont :”, column AB",
      "published": "17 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-spending-child_welfare-2023",
    "label": "Departments' child welfare, 2023, € thousands",
    "value": 10962951.122,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Gross departmental social spending, thousands of euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "DREES",
      "title": "Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024",
      "url": "https://data.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/376_les-depenses-d-aide-sociale-departementale/",
      "location": "Sheet “Données nationales”, row 36 “Dépenses brutes, dont :”, column AB",
      "published": "17 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Aides au logement et chèque énergie, Insee",
    "value": 16.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 2.7698162167656406,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-caf-housing-2023",
    "label": "CNAF, housing benefits (ALF, ALS, APL) paid in 2023",
    "value": 14995071158,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Amounts paid by the family allowance funds in the year, summed over the months, euros: housing benefits (ALF, ALS, APL).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "CNAF",
      "title": "Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National]",
      "url": "https://data.caf.fr/explore/dataset/s_age_1_nat/",
      "location": "All ages, all months of the year",
      "published": "9 October 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale, Insee",
    "value": 18.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 6.01822698472067,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.49256907026176,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 80 and over, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture",
    "label": "Culture and leisure",
    "value": 41.417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Recreation, culture and religion × Culture and leisure ÷ Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-gf08",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-gf08",
    "label": "Recreation, culture and religion",
    "value": 41417,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sport, culture, broadcasting and publishing services.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF08"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF08&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture",
    "label": "Culture and leisure",
    "value": 52.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 6.01822698472067,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Collective services",
    "value": 20.03116421340306,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 80 and over, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
    "label": "Collective services",
    "value": 332.8416203685741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home × Collective services ÷ Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective-net",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-2023-cat-coll"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 6.01822698472067,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y80-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 41.424530092601174,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.534920976158837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.388111801003024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 80 and over, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products",
    "label": "Taxes on products",
    "value": 318.8190107478728,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production and imports × Taxes on products ÷ Insee items in ESA D2, taxes on production and imports",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-d2rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-cat-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-d2rec",
    "label": "Taxes on production and imports",
    "value": 446907,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "VAT, excise duties on energy, tobacco and alcohol, and taxes on payroll and on business property, as received by general government.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D2REC"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D2REC&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products",
    "label": "Taxes on products",
    "value": 318.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-cat-d2",
    "label": "Insee items in ESA D2, taxes on production and imports",
    "value": 446.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production",
    "label": "Taxes on production",
    "value": 128,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 6.081228266634154,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-ratio-tourism",
    "label": "Share of consumption by visitors",
    "value": 4.400587502286057,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Purchases of non-residents as a share of all household consumption on the territory.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Purchases of non-residents on the territory ÷ Household consumption on the territory × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-p34",
        "dna-2023-p31_s14_dc"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Taxes on products also fall on households' purchases of dwellings and on what general government and exempt sectors buy; Insee attributes them all to households through consumption, and visitors take no part in those, so this share applies to the consumption part and slightly overstates what visitors bear."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p34",
    "label": "Purchases of non-residents on the territory",
    "value": 65858,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Consumption by non-resident households on the economic territory (ESA P34), current prices.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "nama_10_fcs",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "CP_MEUR",
        "na_item": "P34"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-10-13T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nama_10_fcs?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=CP_MEUR&na_item=P34&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p31_s14_dc",
    "label": "Household consumption on the territory",
    "value": 1496572.9,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Final consumption of households on the economic territory, domestic concept (ESA P31, S14), current prices.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "nama_10_fcs",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "CP_MEUR",
        "na_item": "P31_S14_DC"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-10-13T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nama_10_fcs?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=CP_MEUR&na_item=P31_S14_DC&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.31605118493766654,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production",
    "label": "Taxes on production",
    "value": 128.08798925212716,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production and imports × Taxes on production ÷ Insee items in ESA D2, taxes on production and imports",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-d2rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-2023-cat-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.2467453715082953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.517742339710763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 8.149588174527526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 80 and over, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
    "label": "Corporate tax",
    "value": 79.34234624145788,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on income and wealth × Corporate tax ÷ Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-d5rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2023-cat-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-d5rec",
    "label": "Taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 357244,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, CSG and CRDS, corporate income tax, and the property wealth tax (IFI).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D5REC"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D5REC&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax",
    "label": "Corporate tax",
    "value": 78,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-cat-d5",
    "label": "Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 351.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax + CSG + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg",
    "label": "CSG",
    "value": 147.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax",
    "label": "Income tax",
    "value": 101.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes",
    "label": "Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 24.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 10.271423219230707,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
    "label": "Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 18 to 29",
    "value": 3236.8176000000003,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Mean gross wealth, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024 × (Financial wealth share, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % + Professional wealth share, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, %) ÷ 100 × Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-18",
        "nta-wealth-financial_pct-18",
        "nta-wealth-professional_pct-18",
        "nta-households-18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-18",
    "label": "Mean gross wealth, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024",
    "value": 104400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gross wealth of households by age of the reference person, euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 5 “Moins de 30 ans”, column B",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-financial_pct-18",
    "label": "Financial wealth share, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 20.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of this kind of wealth in households' mean gross wealth, by age of the reference person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 5 “Moins de 30 ans”, column D",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-professional_pct-18",
    "label": "Professional wealth share, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 13.1,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of this kind of wealth in households' mean gross wealth, by age of the reference person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 5 “Moins de 30 ans”, column E",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
    "label": "Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 30 to 39",
    "value": 9295.14,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Mean gross wealth, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024 × (Financial wealth share, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % + Professional wealth share, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, %) ÷ 100 × Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-30",
        "nta-wealth-financial_pct-30",
        "nta-wealth-professional_pct-30",
        "nta-households-30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-30",
    "label": "Mean gross wealth, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024",
    "value": 265000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gross wealth of households by age of the reference person, euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 6 “De 30 à 39 ans”, column B",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-financial_pct-30",
    "label": "Financial wealth share, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 16,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of this kind of wealth in households' mean gross wealth, by age of the reference person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 6 “De 30 à 39 ans”, column D",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-professional_pct-30",
    "label": "Professional wealth share, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 7.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of this kind of wealth in households' mean gross wealth, by age of the reference person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 6 “De 30 à 39 ans”, column E",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
    "label": "Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49",
    "value": 19709.9768,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Mean gross wealth, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024 × (Financial wealth share, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % + Professional wealth share, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, %) ÷ 100 × Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-40",
        "nta-wealth-financial_pct-40",
        "nta-wealth-professional_pct-40",
        "nta-households-40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-40",
    "label": "Mean gross wealth, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024",
    "value": 367600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gross wealth of households by age of the reference person, euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 7 “De 40 à 49 ans”, column B",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-financial_pct-40",
    "label": "Financial wealth share, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 16.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of this kind of wealth in households' mean gross wealth, by age of the reference person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 7 “De 40 à 49 ans”, column D",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-professional_pct-40",
    "label": "Professional wealth share, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 15.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of this kind of wealth in households' mean gross wealth, by age of the reference person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 7 “De 40 à 49 ans”, column E",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
    "label": "Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59",
    "value": 29319.584,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Mean gross wealth, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024 × (Financial wealth share, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % + Professional wealth share, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, %) ÷ 100 × Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-50",
        "nta-wealth-financial_pct-50",
        "nta-wealth-professional_pct-50",
        "nta-households-50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-50",
    "label": "Mean gross wealth, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024",
    "value": 464800,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gross wealth of households by age of the reference person, euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 8 “De 50 à 59 ans”, column B",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-financial_pct-50",
    "label": "Financial wealth share, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 19.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of this kind of wealth in households' mean gross wealth, by age of the reference person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 8 “De 50 à 59 ans”, column D",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-professional_pct-50",
    "label": "Professional wealth share, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 13.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of this kind of wealth in households' mean gross wealth, by age of the reference person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 8 “De 50 à 59 ans”, column E",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
    "label": "Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 60 to 69",
    "value": 27264.8375,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Mean gross wealth, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024 × (Financial wealth share, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % + Professional wealth share, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, %) ÷ 100 × Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-60",
        "nta-wealth-financial_pct-60",
        "nta-wealth-professional_pct-60",
        "nta-households-60"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-60",
    "label": "Mean gross wealth, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024",
    "value": 462500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gross wealth of households by age of the reference person, euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 9 “De 60 à 69 ans”, column B",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-financial_pct-60",
    "label": "Financial wealth share, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 22.9,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of this kind of wealth in households' mean gross wealth, by age of the reference person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 9 “De 60 à 69 ans”, column D",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-professional_pct-60",
    "label": "Professional wealth share, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 12.4,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of this kind of wealth in households' mean gross wealth, by age of the reference person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 9 “De 60 à 69 ans”, column E",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
    "label": "Financial and professional wealth, weight of ages 70 to 100",
    "value": 32237.01,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Mean gross wealth, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024 × (Financial wealth share, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % + Professional wealth share, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, %) ÷ 100 × Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-70",
        "nta-wealth-financial_pct-70",
        "nta-wealth-professional_pct-70",
        "nta-households-70"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-70",
    "label": "Mean gross wealth, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024",
    "value": 420300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gross wealth of households by age of the reference person, euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 10 “70 ans ou plus”, column B",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-financial_pct-70",
    "label": "Financial wealth share, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 28,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of this kind of wealth in households' mean gross wealth, by age of the reference person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 10 “70 ans ou plus”, column D",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-professional_pct-70",
    "label": "Professional wealth share, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, %",
    "value": 4.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of this kind of wealth in households' mean gross wealth, by age of the reference person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842?sommaire=8736846",
      "location": "Sheet “AGE”, row 10 “70 ans ou plus”, column E",
      "published": "26 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-ratio-ownership",
    "label": "Share of French companies' equity held outside France",
    "value": 20.023660090178364,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Listed and unlisted shares held by the rest of the world, as a share of the shares issued by non-financial and financial corporations, at the end of the year (financial accounts).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Shares held by the rest of the world ÷ (Shares issued by non-financial corporations + Shares issued by financial corporations) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-f51-s2-ass",
        "dna-2023-f51-s11-liab",
        "dna-2023-f51-s12-liab"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Shares that French companies hold in one another count in the denominator, so a chain of holdings inside France dilutes the share held abroad; the listed-only figure of the Banque de France is the upper end of the range.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "49.5%",
        "source": "La détention des actions des sociétés françaises du CAC 40 par les non-résidents est restée stable en 2023, Bulletin de la Banque de France 255/5",
        "url": "https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/2024-12/BDF255-5_CAC-40.pdf",
        "why": "The Banque de France's survey covers the listed shares of the 35 French CAC 40 companies, at market value, where non-residents hold half; the financial accounts cover every French company, listed or not, most of them held at home. The two bound the share of corporate tax that falls on owners outside France."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-f51-s2-ass",
    "label": "Shares held by the rest of the world",
    "value": 2470873,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Listed and unlisted shares (ESA F51), at the end of the year, at market value or own funds for unlisted companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "nasa_10_f_bs",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "co_nco": "NCO",
        "sector": "S2",
        "finpos": "ASS",
        "na_item": "F51"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-10-14T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nasa_10_f_bs?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&co_nco=NCO&sector=S2&finpos=ASS&na_item=F51&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-f51-s11-liab",
    "label": "Shares issued by non-financial corporations",
    "value": 11069025,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Listed and unlisted shares (ESA F51), at the end of the year, at market value or own funds for unlisted companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "nasa_10_f_bs",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "co_nco": "NCO",
        "sector": "S11",
        "finpos": "LIAB",
        "na_item": "F51"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-10-14T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nasa_10_f_bs?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&co_nco=NCO&sector=S11&finpos=LIAB&na_item=F51&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-f51-s12-liab",
    "label": "Shares issued by financial corporations",
    "value": 1270742,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Listed and unlisted shares (ESA F51), at the end of the year, at market value or own funds for unlisted companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "nasa_10_f_bs",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "co_nco": "NCO",
        "sector": "S12",
        "finpos": "LIAB",
        "na_item": "F51"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-10-14T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nasa_10_f_bs?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&co_nco=NCO&sector=S12&finpos=LIAB&na_item=F51&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.732738539522154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y80",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.456793956482112,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg",
    "label": "CSG",
    "value": 149.8349692482916,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on income and wealth × CSG ÷ Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-d5rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg",
        "dna-2023-cat-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.644072274255521,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-csg-activity-2023",
    "label": "CSG on earnings, 2023",
    "value": 104706,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/files/live/sites/SSFR/files/medias/CCSS/2025/Rapport%20CCSS%20juin_BAT_%20avec%20couverture.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, page 47",
      "published": "June 2025",
      "quote": "CSG sur les revenus d'activité 104706; de remplacement 26140; du capital 16611 (M€, 2023)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
    "label": "CSG on replacement income, 2023",
    "value": 26140,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/files/live/sites/SSFR/files/medias/CCSS/2025/Rapport%20CCSS%20juin_BAT_%20avec%20couverture.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, page 47",
      "published": "June 2025",
      "quote": "CSG sur les revenus d'activité 104706; de remplacement 26140; du capital 16611 (M€, 2023)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-csg-capital-2023",
    "label": "CSG on capital income, 2023",
    "value": 16611,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/files/live/sites/SSFR/files/medias/CCSS/2025/Rapport%20CCSS%20juin_BAT_%20avec%20couverture.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, page 47",
      "published": "June 2025",
      "quote": "CSG sur les revenus d'activité 104706; de remplacement 26140; du capital 16611 (M€, 2023)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-weight-18",
    "label": "Gross wealth, weight of ages 18 to 29",
    "value": 9604.8,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Mean gross wealth, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024 × Households, ages 18 to 29, start of 2024, % ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-18",
        "nta-households-18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-weight-30",
    "label": "Gross wealth, weight of ages 30 to 39",
    "value": 39220,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Mean gross wealth, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024 × Households, ages 30 to 39, start of 2024, % ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-30",
        "nta-households-30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-weight-40",
    "label": "Gross wealth, weight of ages 40 to 49",
    "value": 61021.600000000006,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Mean gross wealth, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024 × Households, ages 40 to 49, start of 2024, % ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-40",
        "nta-households-40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-weight-50",
    "label": "Gross wealth, weight of ages 50 to 59",
    "value": 88312,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Mean gross wealth, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024 × Households, ages 50 to 59, start of 2024, % ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-50",
        "nta-households-50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-weight-60",
    "label": "Gross wealth, weight of ages 60 to 69",
    "value": 77237.5,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Mean gross wealth, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024 × Households, ages 60 to 69, start of 2024, % ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-60",
        "nta-households-60"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-wealth-weight-70",
    "label": "Gross wealth, weight of ages 70 to 100",
    "value": 99190.8,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The band's wealth relative to the others: mean wealth times the parts kept times the share of households; spread over the band's ages by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Mean gross wealth, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024 × Households, ages 70 to 100, start of 2024, % ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-70",
        "nta-households-70"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7240554169599585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital",
    "label": "CSG on capital income",
    "value": 16.878877735091393,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Capital income's share of the CSG, 2023 ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-2023-csg-capital-ratio"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A rescaled estimate, not the CCSS's figure: the CCSS puts the CSG's yield on capital income at €16.611bn in 2023; here the CSG of the year on the perimeter of the other levies (€149.8bn) is multiplied by capital income's share of the CSG's yield by base (11.26%), which gives €16.9bn."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-capital-ratio",
    "label": "Capital income's share of the CSG, 2023",
    "value": 11.264978943013896,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG's yield on capital income over its yield on earnings, replacement income and capital income (CCSS); the CSG on gaming is left out.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income, 2023 ÷ (CSG on earnings, 2023 + CSG on replacement income, 2023 + CSG on capital income, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.214277536803447,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.061902318642024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax",
    "label": "Income tax",
    "value": 103.34849202733486,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on income and wealth × Income tax ÷ Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-d5rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-2023-cat-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.89789664013984,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
    "label": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023",
    "value": 14.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column B",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
    "label": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023",
    "value": 15.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column C",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
    "label": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023",
    "value": 16.9,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column D",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
    "label": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023",
    "value": 19.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column E",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
    "label": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023",
    "value": 15.9,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column F",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
    "label": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023",
    "value": 14.9,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column G",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-activity-18",
    "label": "Activity, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023",
    "value": 99.2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 5 “Revenus d'activité”, column B",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-activity-30",
    "label": "Activity, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023",
    "value": 101.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 5 “Revenus d'activité”, column C",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-activity-40",
    "label": "Activity, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023",
    "value": 100,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 5 “Revenus d'activité”, column D",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-activity-50",
    "label": "Activity, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023",
    "value": 91.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 5 “Revenus d'activité”, column E",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-activity-65",
    "label": "Activity, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023",
    "value": 14.9,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 5 “Revenus d'activité”, column F",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-activity-75",
    "label": "Activity, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023",
    "value": 4.2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 5 “Revenus d'activité”, column G",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
    "label": "Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023",
    "value": 2.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 8 “Pensions et retraites”, column B",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
    "label": "Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023",
    "value": 0.9,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 8 “Pensions et retraites”, column C",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
    "label": "Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023",
    "value": 1.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 8 “Pensions et retraites”, column D",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
    "label": "Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023",
    "value": 12.2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 8 “Pensions et retraites”, column E",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
    "label": "Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023",
    "value": 80.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 8 “Pensions et retraites”, column F",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
    "label": "Pensions, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023",
    "value": 88.8,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 8 “Pensions et retraites”, column G",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
    "label": "Property income, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023",
    "value": 4.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 9 “Revenus du patrimoine”, column B",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
    "label": "Property income, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023",
    "value": 4.9,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 9 “Revenus du patrimoine”, column C",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
    "label": "Property income, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023",
    "value": 8,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 9 “Revenus du patrimoine”, column D",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
    "label": "Property income, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023",
    "value": 11.3,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 9 “Revenus du patrimoine”, column E",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
    "label": "Property income, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023",
    "value": 18.2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 9 “Revenus du patrimoine”, column F",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
    "label": "Property income, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023",
    "value": 20.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03); direct taxes are income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 9 “Revenus du patrimoine”, column G",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.3951126486253584,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
    "label": "Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 24.718192482915722,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on income and wealth × Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-d5rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-2023-cat-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.644072274255521,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.6918511569714633,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
    "label": "Pension contributions",
    "value": 280.39073346841036,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social contributions × Pension contributions ÷ Insee items in ESA D61, social contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-d61rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2023-cat-d61"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-d61rec",
    "label": "Social contributions",
    "value": 462828,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Contributions paid by employers, employees and the self-employed to social security, pensions and unemployment insurance, imputed contributions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D61REC"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D61REC&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions",
    "label": "Pension contributions",
    "value": 328.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-cat-d61",
    "label": "Insee items in ESA D61, social contributions",
    "value": 542.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of Insee's 2023 items mapped to this category.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others",
    "label": "Other contributions",
    "value": 214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, column B (Ensemble), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, Ensemble: -142.8; row 27, Ensemble: -33.2; row 28, Ensemble: -38"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.2467453715082953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.45015551107294965,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others",
    "label": "Other contributions",
    "value": 182.43726653158961,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social contributions × Other contributions ÷ Insee items in ESA D61, social contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-d61rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-2023-cat-d61"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.2467453715082953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1, Insee",
    "value": 142.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.2467453715082953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Cotisations sociales chômage1, Insee",
    "value": 33.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.2467453715082953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Cotisations sociales famille1, Insee",
    "value": 38,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.2467453715082953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "home-net-y40",
    "label": "40–49, net paid a month per person",
    "value": 1290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group pays less what it receives, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "− 40–49, net received a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-net-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y40",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y40-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y40-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y40-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y40",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 130.2171547757569,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 6.189257928068356,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 40–49, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 13.999031156658035,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y40",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2023",
    "value": 8565288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2023-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2023-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2023-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2023-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2023-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2023-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2023-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2023-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2023-49",
        "nta-pop-2024-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 13.720413690778345,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.901728628213032,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pensions",
    "value": 0.29739223817714544,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 40–49, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 0.08037140986452743,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 9.465709599576783,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 40–49, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 22.079953152169757,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 23.364656358819325,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 17.010802372220347,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 25.901728628213032,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 23.335727278490346,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 25.17868541233034,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 8.3190037213297,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Health care",
    "value": 20.770589007282027,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 40–49, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "nta-2023-share-health-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-health-health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 8.3190037213297,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Education",
    "value": 0.8332740183073969,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 40–49, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "nta-2023-share-education-education-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-education-education-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 0.5886582569488261,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 8.760026867662717,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 40–49, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 8.134723114891106,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 4.702440908582077,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 20.22512415217185,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 12.508953039205897,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.180833080247907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 40–49, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 12.508953039205897,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Collective services",
    "value": 41.635001986836905,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 40–49, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 12.508953039205897,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y40-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2560,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 262.71079760235006,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.66752123992452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 44.63157264794365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 40–49, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 13.999031156658035,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on production",
    "value": 33.17700338142065,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.901728628213032,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.330942219242973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 12.917498138689218,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 40–49, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 16.280711058604393,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.579373979471455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y40",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 30.329007443765978,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 20.241608214640312,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.749633464294523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.29038083840137,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 21.322511062477712,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 20.631661521329285,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 5.003359680132473,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 20.241608214640312,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pension contributions",
    "value": 72.62604688164375,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.901728628213032,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other contributions",
    "value": 47.254405693742065,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.901728628213036,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.901728628213032,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.901728628213032,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.901728628213032,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-ipp-billionaires",
    "label": "Overall tax rate, the 75 richest households",
    "value": 26,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The same rate for the richest 0.0002% of tax households (75), whose income is mostly profits kept in the companies they control.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "p. 1",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "le taux d'imposition global devient régressif, passant de 46 % pour les 0,1 % les plus riches, à 26 % pour les 0,0002 % les plus riches (les « milliardaires »)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04",
    "caveat": "2016 tax data, before the 2018 replacement of the wealth tax by a property tax and the flat tax on capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-ipp-top01",
    "label": "Overall tax rate at the entry to the top 0.1%",
    "value": 46,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "All direct taxes, including the corporate tax of the companies they control, as a share of economic income, for the tax households at the threshold of the richest 0.1% (g-percentile P99.9). It is not the group's average: the rate falls above that threshold, to 26% for the 75 richest households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "p. 1",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "le taux d'imposition global devient régressif, passant de 46 % pour les 0,1 % les plus riches, à 26 % pour les 0,0002 % les plus riches (les « milliardaires »)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04",
    "caveat": "2016 tax data, before the 2018 replacement of the wealth tax by a property tax and the flat tax on capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s14-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 166280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, levies paid",
    "value": 54.29107675280162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.04%, Income tax + Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s14-insee-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s14-insee-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s14-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 1.0880040931269424,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 1.1380865893427532,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.04%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 1.1373047877980733,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0342), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.62: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 33.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tail-b",
    "label": "Inverted Pareto coefficient at P95",
    "value": 1.9203691785542454,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean extended primary income above P95 of Insee's ranking over the income at P95: the steepness of the top of the curve.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Generalized Pareto interpolation (Blanchet, Fournier and Piketty 2022) of Insee's concentration curve of extended primary income along its ranking by living standard: φ = −log (share above rank p), x = −log (1 − p), at p = 0, 5%, ..., 95%; derivatives at P95 from the parabola through P85, P90 and P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
    "label": "V1, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 10.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column C (V1)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
    "label": "V2, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 16.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column D (V2)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
    "label": "V3, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 25.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column E (V3)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
    "label": "V4, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 32.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column F (V4)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
    "label": "V5, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 40.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column G (V5)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
    "label": "V6, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 47,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column H (V6)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
    "label": "V7, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 54.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column I (V7)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
    "label": "V8, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 63.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column J (V8)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
    "label": "V9, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 68.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column K (V9)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
    "label": "V10, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 73.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column L (V10)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
    "label": "V11, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 80.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column M (V11)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
    "label": "V12, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 85.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column N (V12)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
    "label": "V13, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 98.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column O (V13)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
    "label": "V14, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 103.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column P (V14)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
    "label": "V15, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 117.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column Q (V15)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
    "label": "V16, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 130.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column R (V16)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
    "label": "V17, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 146,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column S (V17)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
    "label": "V18, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 170.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column T (V18)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
    "label": "V19, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 218.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
    "label": "V20, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 499.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 14 “Revenu primaire élargi (D=A+B+C)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tail-xi",
    "label": "Shape of the top 5%'s tail",
    "value": 0.4901759793139329,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalized Pareto shape: the coefficient tends to 1 ÷ (1 − shape) at the very top; a strict Pareto tail has shape 1 − 1 ÷ b.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Generalized Pareto interpolation (Blanchet, Fournier and Piketty 2022) of Insee's concentration curve of extended primary income along its ranking by living standard: φ = −log (share above rank p), x = −log (1 − p), at p = 0, 5%, ..., 95%; derivatives at P95 from the parabola through P85, P90 and P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v19",
    "label": "V19, Taxes on products, Insee",
    "value": 19.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
    "label": "V19, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v20",
    "label": "V20, Taxes on products, Insee",
    "value": 33.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20",
    "label": "V20, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Taxes on products",
    "value": 318.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products + Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products + Top 29–39%, Taxes on products + Top 20–29%, Taxes on products + Top 13–20%, Taxes on products + Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 73.41393053016459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V1: -8.2; row 18, V2: -11.1; row 18, V3: -10; row 18, V4: -11.1; row 18, V5: -11.6; row 18, V6: -12.7; row 18, V7: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.8392852093198,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V7: -13.2; row 18, V8: -13.8; row 18, V9: -14; row 18, V10: -14.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products",
    "value": 39.536926681675354,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V10: -14.6; row 18, V11: -15.5; row 18, V12: -16.5; row 18, V13: -16.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 34.821531325654185,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V13: -16.7; row 18, V14: -17.5; row 18, V15: -18.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 31.357515855632563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V15: -18.1; row 18, V16: -19.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27.7766285793717,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V16: -19.4; row 18, V17: -19.7; row 18, V18: -21.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.151354137155238,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V18: -21.7; row 18, V19: -19.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.673470496078977,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, below P95",
    "value": 11.402827681026576,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V19: -19.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, above P95",
    "value": 7.270642815052399,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2183), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.62: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.8591417171435,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4763), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.62: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.660150414289049,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0799), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.62: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.4316992563403783,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0730), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.62: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.1540526033337204,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0647), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.62: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 1.7870084060430258,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0537), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.62: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.7702404257299521,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.04%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.7691099768686926,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0346), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.63: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 22.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v19",
    "label": "V19, Taxes on production, Insee",
    "value": 13.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v20",
    "label": "V20, Taxes on production, Insee",
    "value": 22.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Taxes on production",
    "value": 127.89999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on production + Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production + Top 29–39%, Taxes on production + Top 20–29%, Taxes on production + Top 13–20%, Taxes on production + Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 15.174570383912265,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V1: -0.9; row 20, V2: -1.3; row 20, V3: -1.8; row 20, V4: -2.3; row 20, V5: -2.9; row 20, V6: -3.4; row 20, V7: -3.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.46114196344187,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V7: -3.9; row 20, V8: -4.3; row 20, V9: -4.8; row 20, V10: -5.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.165722037183006,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V10: -5.1; row 20, V11: -5.5; row 20, V12: -5.8; row 20, V13: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.129627637552913,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V13: -6.7; row 20, V14: -7; row 20, V15: -7.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.811980791365603,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V15: -7.9; row 20, V16: -8.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.328570089770153,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V16: -8.6; row 20, V17: -9.3; row 20, V18: -11"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.064702403831939,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V18: -11; row 20, V19: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 12.393001066911676,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, below P95",
    "value": 7.563684692942251,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V19: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, above P95",
    "value": 4.829316373969424,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2175), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.63: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 10.556768297289839,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4755), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.63: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.7758124515638989,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0800), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.63: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.6256419456842905,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0732), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.63: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.4428218201263934,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0650), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.63: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.2005291344974467,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0541), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.63: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s14-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 36.356638564874004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 45.459242828402004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.04%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 44.74743983576943,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.7796), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.94: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 57.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v19",
    "label": "V19, Corporate tax, Insee",
    "value": 6.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v20",
    "label": "V20, Corporate tax, Insee",
    "value": 57.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Corporate tax",
    "value": 78.09999999934504,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax + Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax + Top 29–39%, Corporate tax + Top 20–29%, Corporate tax + Top 13–20%, Corporate tax + Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.298043875685559,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V1: -0.4; row 22, V2: -0.3; row 22, V3: -0.3; row 22, V4: -0.3; row 22, V5: -0.3; row 22, V6: -0.5; row 22, V7: -0.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.2184825829304518,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V7: -0.3; row 22, V8: -0.4; row 22, V9: -0.4; row 22, V10: -0.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.6985701843137975,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V10: -0.4; row 22, V11: -0.6; row 22, V12: -0.8; row 22, V13: -0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.6237988540965296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V13: -0.8; row 22, V14: -0.7; row 22, V15: -1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.4707757567962925,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V15: -1.2; row 22, V16: -1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.9345281596671065,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V16: -1.7; row 22, V17: -2; row 22, V18: -2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.616657598425938,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V18: -2.6; row 22, V19: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.908604832299089,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, below P95",
    "value": 3.839142988084325,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V19: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, above P95",
    "value": 1.069461844214764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0186), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.94: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.8274810932775534,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0667), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.94: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.1615902682013413,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.94: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.4529337814782377,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0253), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.94: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.968909877161159,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0343), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.94: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.172183299242554,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0553), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.94: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 1.0161385898229125,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, CSG − Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG",
    "value": 1.4661140685921525,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.04%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG",
    "value": 1.4403312656549663,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0492), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.78: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-csg-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-csg-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, CSG",
    "value": 29.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-csg-v19",
    "label": "V19, CSG, Insee",
    "value": 15.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-csg-v20",
    "label": "V20, CSG, Insee",
    "value": 29.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, CSG",
    "value": 147.19999999999996,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, CSG + Bottom 33–49%, CSG + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG + Top 29–39%, CSG + Top 20–29%, CSG + Top 13–20%, CSG + Top 7.9–13%, CSG + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG + Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG + Top 0.04%, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, CSG",
    "value": 14.438628884826343,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V1: -0.5; row 23, V2: -0.9; row 23, V3: -1.5; row 23, V4: -2.2; row 23, V5: -2.8; row 23, V6: -3.7; row 23, V7: -4.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG",
    "value": 16.25100476510581,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V7: -4.3; row 23, V8: -4.9; row 23, V9: -5.3; row 23, V10: -5.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG",
    "value": 16.253784457901023,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V10: -5.8; row 23, V11: -6.2; row 23, V12: -6.8; row 23, V13: -7.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, CSG",
    "value": 16.170056828445492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V13: -7.6; row 23, V14: -8.1; row 23, V15: -8.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, CSG",
    "value": 15.66580640928708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V15: -8.9; row 23, V16: -9.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, CSG",
    "value": 15.279369680827214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V16: -9.8; row 23, V17: -10.7; row 23, V18: -12.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG",
    "value": 15.017050165174407,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V18: -12.5; row 23, V19: -15.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG",
    "value": 14.615226698934332,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, below P95",
    "value": 8.824298808432628,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V19: -15.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, above P95",
    "value": 5.790927890501704,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1976), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.78: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-csg-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-csg-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG",
    "value": 13.351289320805497,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4557), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.78: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-csg-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-csg-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG",
    "value": 2.407651196969312,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0822), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.78: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-csg-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-csg-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG",
    "value": 2.2830465893101306,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0779), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.78: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-csg-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-csg-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG",
    "value": 2.12487121517085,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0725), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.78: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-csg-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-csg-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG",
    "value": 1.9018825215874826,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0649), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.78: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-csg-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-csg-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4499754787692401,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.04%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€654m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€578m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.6659087519411053,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.04%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
    "label": "CSG on income from investments, 2023",
    "value": 9444,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients (CCSS).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/files/live/sites/SSFR/files/medias/CCSS/2025/Rapport%20CCSS%20juin_BAT_%20avec%20couverture.pdf",
      "location": "Fiche 1.3, Tableau 1, page 47",
      "published": "June 2025",
      "quote": "CSG sur les revenus du patrimoine 7167; CSG sur les revenus du placement 9444 (M€, 2023)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
    "label": "CSG on income from property, 2023",
    "value": 7167,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients (CCSS).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/files/live/sites/SSFR/files/medias/CCSS/2025/Rapport%20CCSS%20juin_BAT_%20avec%20couverture.pdf",
      "location": "Fiche 1.3, Tableau 1, page 47",
      "published": "June 2025",
      "quote": "CSG sur les revenus du patrimoine 7167; CSG sur les revenus du placement 9444 (M€, 2023)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-insee-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624711107,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-financial-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Net financial income",
    "value": 62.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Net financial income",
    "value": 133.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Net financial income + Bottom 33–49%, Net financial income + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Net financial income + Top 29–39%, Net financial income + Top 20–29%, Net financial income + Top 13–20%, Net financial income + Top 7.9–13%, Net financial income + Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income + Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income + Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income + Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income + Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income + Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income + Top 0.04%, Net financial income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s1-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s2-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s3-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s4-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s5-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s6-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s7-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee-key",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-insee-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-insee-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-insee-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-insee-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-insee-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-insee-key-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s1-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Net financial income",
    "value": 8.254277879341872,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V1: 1; row 8, V2: 0.9; row 8, V3: 1; row 8, V4: 1.1; row 8, V5: 1.3; row 8, V6: 1.7; row 8, V7: 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s2-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Net financial income",
    "value": 6.407486028392183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V7: 1.9; row 8, V8: 1.9; row 8, V9: 2.2; row 8, V10: 2.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s3-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Net financial income",
    "value": 7.2523968247176285,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V10: 2.1; row 8, V11: 2.6; row 8, V12: 3.3; row 8, V13: 3.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s4-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Net financial income",
    "value": 7.969662547072527,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V13: 3.4; row 8, V14: 4.1; row 8, V15: 4.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s5-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Net financial income",
    "value": 8.818623203656216,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V15: 4.9; row 8, V16: 5.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s6-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Net financial income",
    "value": 10.814597505089369,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V16: 5.6; row 8, V17: 7.4; row 8, V18: 9.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s7-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Net financial income",
    "value": 13.144055920071178,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V18: 9.6; row 8, V19: 15.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee-key",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income",
    "value": 19.317663844409104,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee-key-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, below P95",
    "value": 8.938900091659024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V19: 15.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee-key-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, above P95",
    "value": 10.378763752750078,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-insee-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income",
    "value": 25.96061812362257,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-insee-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624728912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-insee-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624717675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-insee-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624739389,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-insee-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624730259,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-insee-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980548586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-rents-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 21.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 166.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Rents, actual and imputed + Bottom 33–49%, Rents, actual and imputed + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 29–39%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 20–29%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 13–20%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 7.9–13%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s1-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s2-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s3-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s4-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s5-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s6-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s7-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee-key",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-insee-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-insee-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-insee-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-insee-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-insee-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-insee-key-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s1-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 29.0268921389397,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V1: 3.3; row 9, V2: 3.6; row 9, V3: 3.4; row 9, V4: 3.9; row 9, V5: 5; row 9, V6: 5.8; row 9, V7: 6.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s2-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 20.691452501494492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V7: 6.1; row 9, V8: 6.2; row 9, V9: 6.8; row 9, V10: 7.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s3-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 19.820831351427476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V10: 7.1; row 9, V11: 7.6; row 9, V12: 8.4; row 9, V13: 8.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s4-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 18.756711858605623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V13: 8.7; row 9, V14: 9.6; row 9, V15: 9.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s5-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 17.140885849838526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V15: 9.9; row 9, V16: 10.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s6-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 16.351754158931726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V16: 10.6; row 9, V17: 11.6; row 9, V18: 12.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s7-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 15.073676540395827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V18: 12.9; row 9, V19: 14.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee-key",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 12.102892619770351,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee-key-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee-key-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, below P95",
    "value": 8.537795600366634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V19: 14.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee-key-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, above P95",
    "value": 3.5650970194037184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-insee-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 8.917451490297319,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-insee-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980609744,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-insee-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980571148,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-insee-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980645733,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-insee-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980614373,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Income tax",
    "value": 9.99610365774216,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.04%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Income tax",
    "value": 9.817313260772705,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1987), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.37: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Income tax",
    "value": 49.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v19",
    "label": "V19, Income tax, Insee",
    "value": 15.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v20",
    "label": "V20, Income tax, Insee",
    "value": 49.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Income tax",
    "value": 101.49999999999875,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Income tax + Bottom 33–49%, Income tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax + Top 29–39%, Income tax + Top 20–29%, Income tax + Top 13–20%, Income tax + Top 7.9–13%, Income tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax + Top 0.04%, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.9320292504570395,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V1: -2.7; row 24, V2: 0; row 24, V3: 0; row 24, V4: -0.1; row 24, V5: 0; row 24, V6: 0; row 24, V7: -0.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Income tax",
    "value": 1.3218920521209794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V7: -0.2; row 24, V8: -0.2; row 24, V9: -0.5; row 24, V10: -0.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax",
    "value": 3.2569332243802753,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V10: -0.7; row 24, V11: -1.1; row 24, V12: -1.5; row 24, V13: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Income tax",
    "value": 5.062314546958442,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V13: -1.9; row 24, V14: -2.6; row 24, V15: -3.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Income tax",
    "value": 7.271785054523631,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V15: -3.8; row 24, V16: -4.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Income tax",
    "value": 9.804559068040573,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V16: -4.8; row 24, V17: -6.4; row 24, V18: -9.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Income tax",
    "value": 13.339684787020438,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V18: -9.7; row 24, V19: -15.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 14.670520992361773,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, below P95",
    "value": 9.110802016498623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V19: -15.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, above P95",
    "value": 5.5597189758631504,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1125), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.37: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax",
    "value": 15.948884366486887,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.37: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 3.767742055505265,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0763), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.37: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.111895322416949,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0832), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.37: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.628740085159227,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0937), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.37: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax",
    "value": 5.565705933794582,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1127), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.37: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.676622520848756,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.6346908367342046,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1858), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.34: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 8.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v19",
    "label": "V19, Other taxes on income and wealth, Insee",
    "value": 2.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v20",
    "label": "V20, Other taxes on income and wealth, Insee",
    "value": 8.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 24.099999999999763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.830073126142598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V1: -0.2; row 25, V2: -0.2; row 25, V3: -0.2; row 25, V4: -0.2; row 25, V5: -0.3; row 25, V6: -0.4; row 25, V7: -0.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.7447165617814178,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V7: -0.5; row 25, V8: -0.5; row 25, V9: -0.6; row 25, V10: -0.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.8403069550057922,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V10: -0.6; row 25, V11: -0.7; row 25, V12: -0.8; row 25, V13: -0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.7673162712588069,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V13: -0.8; row 25, V14: -0.9; row 25, V15: -1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.8538256179214772,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V15: -1; row 25, V16: -1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.0806764239016386,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V16: -1.2; row 25, V17: -1.4; row 25, V18: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.5213664372055016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V18: -1.9; row 25, V19: -2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.6902896448668843,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, below P95",
    "value": 1.6617186067827674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V19: -2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, above P95",
    "value": 1.028571038084117,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1169), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.34: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.919025439149802,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3317), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.34: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.6808495999443785,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0774), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.34: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7380185691151553,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0839), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.34: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.8231770889064605,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0935), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.34: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.9756674280656477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1109), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.34: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 1.4833133290911995,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.04%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 1.738877334643468,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0303), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.57: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 57.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v19",
    "label": "V19, Pension contributions, Insee",
    "value": 35.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v20",
    "label": "V20, Pension contributions, Insee",
    "value": 57.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Pension contributions",
    "value": 328.6999999999994,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Pension contributions + Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions + Top 29–39%, Pension contributions + Top 20–29%, Pension contributions + Top 13–20%, Pension contributions + Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 34.53936014625233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V1: -1.4; row 26, V2: -2.5; row 26, V3: -4.2; row 26, V4: -5.6; row 26, V5: -6.9; row 26, V6: -7.8; row 26, V7: -9.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.268618144114015,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V7: -9.3; row 26, V8: -10.9; row 26, V9: -12; row 26, V10: -12.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.79726077372321,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V10: -12.9; row 26, V11: -13.8; row 26, V12: -14.6; row 26, V13: -17.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.71246696819591,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V13: -17.5; row 26, V14: -18.1; row 26, V15: -20.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.46551262214879,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V15: -20.6; row 26, V16: -22.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.86013618427543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V16: -22.9; row 26, V17: -25; row 26, V18: -29.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.300316105378315,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V18: -29.7; row 26, V19: -35.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 33.34482866888419,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, below P95",
    "value": 20.456329055912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V19: -35.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, above P95",
    "value": 12.888499612972193,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2249), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.57: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 27.61608757697061,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4820), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.57: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.52390197686869,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0790), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.57: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.0865204157133945,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0713), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.57: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 3.562390803278842,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0622), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.57: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 2.883722279552255,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0503), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.57: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
    "value": 1.4540400927964552,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.04%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
    "value": 1.7055976872168401,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0378), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Other contributions",
    "value": 45.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, column V (V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V20: -32.3; row 27, V20: -5.1; row 28, V20: -7.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v19",
    "label": "V19, Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1, Insee",
    "value": 18.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v19",
    "label": "V19, Cotisations sociales chômage1, Insee",
    "value": 3.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v19",
    "label": "V19, Cotisations sociales famille1, Insee",
    "value": 4.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v20",
    "label": "V20, Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1, Insee",
    "value": 32.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v20",
    "label": "V20, Cotisations sociales chômage1, Insee",
    "value": 5.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v20",
    "label": "V20, Cotisations sociales famille1, Insee",
    "value": 7.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Other contributions",
    "value": 214.00000000000006,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Other contributions + Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions + Top 29–39%, Other contributions + Top 20–29%, Other contributions + Top 13–20%, Other contributions + Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions + Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other contributions",
    "value": 17.86870201096894,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V1: -0.5; row 29, V2: -0.8; row 29, V3: -1.3; row 29, V4: -1.7; row 29, V5: -2.1; row 29, V6: -2.4; row 29, V7: -2.8; row 27, V1: -0.1; row 27, V2: -0.2; row 27, V3: -0.4; row 27, V4: -0.5; row 27, V5: -0.7; row 27, V6: -0.8; row 27, V7: -0.9; row 28, V1: -0.1; row 28, V2: -0.3; row 28, V3: -0.5; row 28, V4: -0.6; row 28, V5: -0.8; row 28, V6: -0.9; row 28, V7: -1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions",
    "value": 20.24530070273526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V7: -2.8; row 29, V8: -3.6; row 29, V9: -4.1; row 29, V10: -4.8; row 27, V7: -0.9; row 27, V8: -1.1; row 27, V9: -1.2; row 27, V10: -1.3; row 28, V7: -1.1; row 28, V8: -1.3; row 28, V9: -1.3; row 28, V10: -1.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions",
    "value": 21.20914072474953,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V10: -4.8; row 29, V11: -5.1; row 29, V12: -5.6; row 29, V13: -6.7; row 27, V10: -1.3; row 27, V11: -1.4; row 27, V12: -1.5; row 27, V13: -1.9; row 28, V10: -1.5; row 28, V11: -1.6; row 28, V12: -1.6; row 28, V13: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other contributions",
    "value": 22.291741863160535,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V13: -6.7; row 29, V14: -7.1; row 29, V15: -8.4; row 27, V13: -1.9; row 27, V14: -1.9; row 27, V15: -2.2; row 28, V13: -1.9; row 28, V14: -2; row 28, V15: -2.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other contributions",
    "value": 23.198723261076868,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V15: -8.4; row 29, V16: -9.8; row 27, V15: -2.2; row 27, V16: -2.5; row 28, V15: -2.2; row 28, V16: -2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other contributions",
    "value": 24.10751753701562,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V16: -9.8; row 29, V17: -11.3; row 29, V18: -14.3; row 27, V16: -2.5; row 27, V17: -2.6; row 27, V18: -3.2; row 28, V16: -2.5; row 28, V17: -2.7; row 28, V18: -3.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions",
    "value": 25.08070708086154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V18: -14.3; row 29, V19: -18.2; row 27, V18: -3.2; row 27, V19: -3.7; row 28, V18: -3.2; row 28, V19: -4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 24.48657030880976,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, below P95",
    "value": 14.898166819431708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V19: -18.2; row 27, V19: -3.7; row 28, V19: -4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, above P95",
    "value": 9.588403489378054,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2126), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
    "value": 21.240288328028402,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4710), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.6359847202029383,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0806), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.3579960151376214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0745), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.0160075457758873,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0669), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
    "value": 2.555722214260263,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0567), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, people",
    "value": 27208,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 68.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-edge-2",
    "label": "Rank above which people hold 2% of income",
    "value": 99.9602228252356,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rank in Insee's ranking by living standard above which people hold this share of extended primary income: linear between Insee's twentieths below P95, on the generalized Pareto tail above.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of primary income above the rank = 2%, on Insee's curve (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490 above P95)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s14-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 70760,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s14",
        "dna-2023-people-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€70,760",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€68,510",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€113,870",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€166,280",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€76,760",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.102238303289287,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.04%, Income tax + Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s14-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s14",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s14-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s14",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s14",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s14",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s14",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s14",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s14-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.6549409925667273,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s14",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.777151996232419,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.04%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.775244248842373,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Taxes on products",
    "value": 318.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products + Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products + Top 29–39%, Taxes on products + Top 20–29%, Taxes on products + Top 13–20%, Taxes on products + Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 73.41393053016459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V1: -8.2; row 18, V2: -11.1; row 18, V3: -10; row 18, V4: -11.1; row 18, V5: -11.6; row 18, V6: -12.7; row 18, V7: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.8392852093198,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V7: -13.2; row 18, V8: -13.8; row 18, V9: -14; row 18, V10: -14.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products",
    "value": 39.536926681675354,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V10: -14.6; row 18, V11: -15.5; row 18, V12: -16.5; row 18, V13: -16.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 34.821531325654185,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V13: -16.7; row 18, V14: -17.5; row 18, V15: -18.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 31.357515855632563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V15: -18.1; row 18, V16: -19.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27.7766285793717,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V16: -19.4; row 18, V17: -19.7; row 18, V18: -21.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.151354137155238,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V18: -21.7; row 18, V19: -19.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 16.950385192528625,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, below P95",
    "value": 11.402827681026576,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V19: -19.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, above P95",
    "value": 5.547557511502048,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 13.876221244247697,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.77524424885189,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.775244248845884,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.77524424885749,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7752442488526103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8528822283958803,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.04%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8501628325615824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Taxes on production",
    "value": 127.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on production + Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production + Top 29–39%, Taxes on production + Top 20–29%, Taxes on production + Top 13–20%, Taxes on production + Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 15.174570383912265,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V1: -0.9; row 20, V2: -1.3; row 20, V3: -1.8; row 20, V4: -2.3; row 20, V5: -2.9; row 20, V6: -3.4; row 20, V7: -3.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.46114196344187,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V7: -3.9; row 20, V8: -4.3; row 20, V9: -4.8; row 20, V10: -5.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.165722037183006,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V10: -5.1; row 20, V11: -5.5; row 20, V12: -5.8; row 20, V13: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.129627637552913,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V13: -6.7; row 20, V14: -7; row 20, V15: -7.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.811980791365603,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V15: -7.9; row 20, V16: -8.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.328570089770153,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V16: -8.6; row 20, V17: -9.3; row 20, V18: -11"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.064702403831939,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V18: -11; row 20, V19: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 11.26205636727695,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, below P95",
    "value": 7.563684692942251,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V19: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, above P95",
    "value": 3.6983716743346986,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 9.250814162831798,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8501628325679267,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.850162832563923,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8501628325716601,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8501628325684072,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s14-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.8867302476773715,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s14",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.859850115746613,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.04%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.783754350857425,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Corporate tax",
    "value": 78.09999999999998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax + Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax + Top 29–39%, Corporate tax + Top 20–29%, Corporate tax + Top 13–20%, Corporate tax + Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.298043875685559,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V1: -0.4; row 22, V2: -0.3; row 22, V3: -0.3; row 22, V4: -0.3; row 22, V5: -0.3; row 22, V6: -0.5; row 22, V7: -0.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.2184825829304518,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V7: -0.3; row 22, V8: -0.4; row 22, V9: -0.4; row 22, V10: -0.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.6985701843137975,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V10: -0.4; row 22, V11: -0.6; row 22, V12: -0.8; row 22, V13: -0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.6237988540965296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V13: -0.8; row 22, V14: -0.7; row 22, V15: -1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.4707757567962925,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V15: -1.2; row 22, V16: -1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.9345281596671065,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V16: -1.7; row 22, V17: -2; row 22, V18: -2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.616657598425938,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V18: -2.6; row 22, V19: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 13.40159947938215,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, below P95",
    "value": 3.839142988084325,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V19: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, above P95",
    "value": 9.562456491297825,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 23.918771754348885,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.783754350873829,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.783754350863476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.783754350883481,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.78375435087507,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.0356172582836956,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, CSG − Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s14",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG",
    "value": 2.4855927370529356,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.04%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG",
    "value": 2.4418815763087554,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, CSG",
    "value": 147.20000000000002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, CSG + Bottom 33–49%, CSG + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG + Top 29–39%, CSG + Top 20–29%, CSG + Top 13–20%, CSG + Top 7.9–13%, CSG + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG + Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG + Top 0.04%, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, CSG",
    "value": 14.438628884826343,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V1: -0.5; row 23, V2: -0.9; row 23, V3: -1.5; row 23, V4: -2.2; row 23, V5: -2.8; row 23, V6: -3.7; row 23, V7: -4.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG",
    "value": 16.25100476510581,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V7: -4.3; row 23, V8: -4.9; row 23, V9: -5.3; row 23, V10: -5.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG",
    "value": 16.253784457901023,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V10: -5.8; row 23, V11: -6.2; row 23, V12: -6.8; row 23, V13: -7.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, CSG",
    "value": 16.170056828445492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V13: -7.6; row 23, V14: -8.1; row 23, V15: -8.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, CSG",
    "value": 15.66580640928708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V15: -8.9; row 23, V16: -9.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, CSG",
    "value": 15.279369680827214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V16: -9.8; row 23, V17: -10.7; row 23, V18: -12.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG",
    "value": 15.017050165174407,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V18: -12.5; row 23, V19: -15.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG",
    "value": 13.705483045279776,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, below P95",
    "value": 8.824298808432628,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V19: -15.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, above P95",
    "value": 4.881184236847147,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG",
    "value": 12.209407881575302,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG",
    "value": 2.4418815763171287,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG",
    "value": 2.4418815763118444,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG",
    "value": 2.4418815763220563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG",
    "value": 2.441881576317763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4499754787692401,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.04%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€654m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€578m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.6659087519411053,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.04%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624711107,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
    "label": "All groups, Net financial income",
    "value": 133.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Net financial income + Bottom 33–49%, Net financial income + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Net financial income + Top 29–39%, Net financial income + Top 20–29%, Net financial income + Top 13–20%, Net financial income + Top 7.9–13%, Net financial income + Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income + Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income + Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income + Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income + Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income + Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income + Top 0.04%, Net financial income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Net financial income",
    "value": 8.254277879341872,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V1: 1; row 8, V2: 0.9; row 8, V3: 1; row 8, V4: 1.1; row 8, V5: 1.3; row 8, V6: 1.7; row 8, V7: 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Net financial income",
    "value": 6.407486028392183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V7: 1.9; row 8, V8: 1.9; row 8, V9: 2.2; row 8, V10: 2.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Net financial income",
    "value": 7.2523968247176285,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V10: 2.1; row 8, V11: 2.6; row 8, V12: 3.3; row 8, V13: 3.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Net financial income",
    "value": 7.969662547072527,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V13: 3.4; row 8, V14: 4.1; row 8, V15: 4.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Net financial income",
    "value": 8.818623203656216,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V15: 4.9; row 8, V16: 5.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Net financial income",
    "value": 10.814597505089369,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V16: 5.6; row 8, V17: 7.4; row 8, V18: 9.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Net financial income",
    "value": 13.144055920071178,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V18: 9.6; row 8, V19: 15.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income",
    "value": 19.317663844409104,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, below P95",
    "value": 8.938900091659024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V19: 15.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, above P95",
    "value": 10.378763752750078,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income",
    "value": 25.96061812362257,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624728912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624717675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624739389,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624730259,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980548586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares",
    "label": "All groups, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 166.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Rents, actual and imputed + Bottom 33–49%, Rents, actual and imputed + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 29–39%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 20–29%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 13–20%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 7.9–13%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 29.0268921389397,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V1: 3.3; row 9, V2: 3.6; row 9, V3: 3.4; row 9, V4: 3.9; row 9, V5: 5; row 9, V6: 5.8; row 9, V7: 6.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 20.691452501494492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V7: 6.1; row 9, V8: 6.2; row 9, V9: 6.8; row 9, V10: 7.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 19.820831351427476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V10: 7.1; row 9, V11: 7.6; row 9, V12: 8.4; row 9, V13: 8.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 18.756711858605623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V13: 8.7; row 9, V14: 9.6; row 9, V15: 9.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 17.140885849838526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V15: 9.9; row 9, V16: 10.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 16.351754158931726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V16: 10.6; row 9, V17: 11.6; row 9, V18: 12.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 15.073676540395827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V18: 12.9; row 9, V19: 14.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 12.102892619770351,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, below P95",
    "value": 8.537795600366634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V19: 14.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, above P95",
    "value": 3.5650970194037184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 8.917451490297319,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980609744,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980571148,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980645733,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980614373,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.192007284543975,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.04%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.1170290057901875,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Income tax",
    "value": 101.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Income tax + Bottom 33–49%, Income tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax + Top 29–39%, Income tax + Top 20–29%, Income tax + Top 13–20%, Income tax + Top 7.9–13%, Income tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax + Top 0.04%, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.9320292504570395,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V1: -2.7; row 24, V2: 0; row 24, V3: 0; row 24, V4: -0.1; row 24, V5: 0; row 24, V6: 0; row 24, V7: -0.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Income tax",
    "value": 1.3218920521209794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V7: -0.2; row 24, V8: -0.2; row 24, V9: -0.5; row 24, V10: -0.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax",
    "value": 3.2569332243802753,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V10: -0.7; row 24, V11: -1.1; row 24, V12: -1.5; row 24, V13: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Income tax",
    "value": 5.062314546958442,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V13: -1.9; row 24, V14: -2.6; row 24, V15: -3.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Income tax",
    "value": 7.271785054523631,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V15: -3.8; row 24, V16: -4.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Income tax",
    "value": 9.804559068040573,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V16: -4.8; row 24, V17: -6.4; row 24, V18: -9.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Income tax",
    "value": 13.339684787020438,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V18: -9.7; row 24, V19: -15.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 17.340511958486644,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, below P95",
    "value": 9.110802016498623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V19: -15.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, above P95",
    "value": 8.229709941988023,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax",
    "value": 20.585145029004092,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.117029005804306,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.117029005795396,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.117029005812613,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.1170290058053745,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7522103715299339,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7333978795739606,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 24.099999999999994,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.830073126142598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V1: -0.2; row 25, V2: -0.2; row 25, V3: -0.2; row 25, V4: -0.2; row 25, V5: -0.3; row 25, V6: -0.4; row 25, V7: -0.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.7447165617814178,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V7: -0.5; row 25, V8: -0.5; row 25, V9: -0.6; row 25, V10: -0.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.8403069550057922,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V10: -0.6; row 25, V11: -0.7; row 25, V12: -0.8; row 25, V13: -0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.7673162712588069,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V13: -0.8; row 25, V14: -0.9; row 25, V15: -1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.8538256179214772,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V15: -1; row 25, V16: -1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.0806764239016386,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V16: -1.2; row 25, V17: -1.4; row 25, V18: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.5213664372055016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V18: -1.9; row 25, V19: -2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.127739811023549,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, below P95",
    "value": 1.6617186067827674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V19: -2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, above P95",
    "value": 1.4660212042407816,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.666989397879272,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7333978795764756,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7333978795748884,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7333978795779554,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7333978795766659,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.073573459273031,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.04%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.775420284044084,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Pension contributions",
    "value": 328.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Pension contributions + Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions + Top 29–39%, Pension contributions + Top 20–29%, Pension contributions + Top 13–20%, Pension contributions + Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 34.53936014625233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V1: -1.4; row 26, V2: -2.5; row 26, V3: -4.2; row 26, V4: -5.6; row 26, V5: -6.9; row 26, V6: -7.8; row 26, V7: -9.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.268618144114015,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V7: -9.3; row 26, V8: -10.9; row 26, V9: -12; row 26, V10: -12.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.79726077372321,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V10: -12.9; row 26, V11: -13.8; row 26, V12: -14.6; row 26, V13: -17.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.71246696819591,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V13: -17.5; row 26, V14: -18.1; row 26, V15: -20.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.46551262214879,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V15: -20.6; row 26, V16: -22.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.86013618427543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V16: -22.9; row 26, V17: -25; row 26, V18: -29.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.300316105378315,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V18: -29.7; row 26, V19: -35.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 30.002126215343452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, below P95",
    "value": 20.456329055912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V19: -35.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, above P95",
    "value": 9.545797159431451,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 23.877101420282074,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.77542028406046,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.775420284050125,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.775420284070096,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.775420284061699,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.2043009822494333,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.04%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.758664132816548,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Other contributions",
    "value": 214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Other contributions + Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions + Top 29–39%, Other contributions + Top 20–29%, Other contributions + Top 13–20%, Other contributions + Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions + Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other contributions",
    "value": 17.86870201096894,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V1: -0.5; row 29, V2: -0.8; row 29, V3: -1.3; row 29, V4: -1.7; row 29, V5: -2.1; row 29, V6: -2.4; row 29, V7: -2.8; row 27, V1: -0.1; row 27, V2: -0.2; row 27, V3: -0.4; row 27, V4: -0.5; row 27, V5: -0.7; row 27, V6: -0.8; row 27, V7: -0.9; row 28, V1: -0.1; row 28, V2: -0.3; row 28, V3: -0.5; row 28, V4: -0.6; row 28, V5: -0.8; row 28, V6: -0.9; row 28, V7: -1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions",
    "value": 20.24530070273526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V7: -2.8; row 29, V8: -3.6; row 29, V9: -4.1; row 29, V10: -4.8; row 27, V7: -0.9; row 27, V8: -1.1; row 27, V9: -1.2; row 27, V10: -1.3; row 28, V7: -1.1; row 28, V8: -1.3; row 28, V9: -1.3; row 28, V10: -1.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions",
    "value": 21.20914072474953,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V10: -4.8; row 29, V11: -5.1; row 29, V12: -5.6; row 29, V13: -6.7; row 27, V10: -1.3; row 27, V11: -1.4; row 27, V12: -1.5; row 27, V13: -1.9; row 28, V10: -1.5; row 28, V11: -1.6; row 28, V12: -1.6; row 28, V13: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other contributions",
    "value": 22.291741863160535,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V13: -6.7; row 29, V14: -7.1; row 29, V15: -8.4; row 27, V13: -1.9; row 27, V14: -1.9; row 27, V15: -2.2; row 28, V13: -1.9; row 28, V14: -2; row 28, V15: -2.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other contributions",
    "value": 23.198723261076868,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V15: -8.4; row 29, V16: -9.8; row 27, V15: -2.2; row 27, V16: -2.5; row 28, V15: -2.2; row 28, V16: -2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other contributions",
    "value": 24.10751753701562,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V16: -9.8; row 29, V17: -11.3; row 29, V18: -14.3; row 27, V16: -2.5; row 27, V17: -2.6; row 27, V18: -3.2; row 28, V16: -2.5; row 28, V17: -2.7; row 28, V18: -3.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions",
    "value": 25.08070708086154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V18: -14.3; row 29, V19: -18.2; row 27, V18: -3.2; row 27, V19: -3.7; row 28, V18: -3.2; row 28, V19: -4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 22.411525491165712,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, below P95",
    "value": 14.898166819431708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V19: -18.2; row 27, V19: -3.7; row 28, V19: -4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, above P95",
    "value": 7.5133586717340055,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
    "value": 18.79332066413127,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.7586641328294372,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.758664132821303,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.758664132837022,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.758664132830413,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, people",
    "value": 27208,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-d10-pp",
    "label": "Top 10%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 4930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-d10",
        "dna-people-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, levies paid",
    "value": 402.3609209460694,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Taxes on products + Top 10%, Taxes on production + Top 10%, Corporate tax + Top 10%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 10%, CSG on capital income + Top 10%, Income tax + Top 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 10%, Pension contributions + Top 10%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d10-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d10",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d10-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d10",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d10",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d10",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d10",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d10",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d10-resident",
    "label": "Top 10%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 50.89384866339819,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d10",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 53.236570532915366,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 10%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d10",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 53.199999999999996,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V19: -19.9; row 18, V20: -33.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Taxes on products",
    "value": 318.59999999999997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on products + Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on products + Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products + Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on products + Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on products + Top 40–50%, Taxes on products + Top 30–40%, Taxes on products + Top 20–30%, Taxes on products + Top 10–20%, Taxes on products + Top 10%, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.299999999999997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V1: -8.2; row 18, V2: -11.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 21.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V3: -10; row 18, V4: -11.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 24.299999999999997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V5: -11.6; row 18, V6: -12.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V7: -13.2; row 18, V8: -13.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 28.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V9: -14; row 18, V10: -14.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 32,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V11: -15.5; row 18, V12: -16.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 34.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V13: -16.7; row 18, V14: -17.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 37.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V15: -18.1; row 18, V16: -19.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V17: -19.7; row 18, V18: -21.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 35.452031427093836,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 10%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d10",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 35.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V19: -13.2; row 20, V20: -22.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Taxes on production",
    "value": 127.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on production + Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on production + Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on production + Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on production + Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on production + Top 40–50%, Taxes on production + Top 30–40%, Taxes on production + Top 20–30%, Taxes on production + Top 10–20%, Taxes on production + Top 10%, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V1: -0.9; row 20, V2: -1.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 4.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V3: -1.8; row 20, V4: -2.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 6.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V5: -2.9; row 20, V6: -3.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 8.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V7: -3.9; row 20, V8: -4.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 9.899999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V9: -4.8; row 20, V10: -5.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 11.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V11: -5.5; row 20, V12: -5.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V13: -6.7; row 20, V14: -7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 16.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V15: -7.9; row 20, V16: -8.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 20.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V17: -9.3; row 20, V18: -11"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d10-resident",
    "label": "Top 10%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 52.08030985777196,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d10",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 65.1196465310813,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 10%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d10",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 64.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V19: -6.7; row 22, V20: -57.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Corporate tax",
    "value": 78.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Corporate tax + Bottom 10–20%, Corporate tax + Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax + Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax + Bottom 40–50%, Corporate tax + Top 40–50%, Corporate tax + Top 30–40%, Corporate tax + Top 20–30%, Corporate tax + Top 10–20%, Corporate tax + Top 10%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V1: -0.4; row 22, V2: -0.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V3: -0.3; row 22, V4: -0.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V5: -0.3; row 22, V6: -0.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V7: -0.3; row 22, V8: -0.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V9: -0.4; row 22, V10: -0.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V11: -0.6; row 22, V12: -0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V13: -0.8; row 22, V14: -0.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V15: -1.2; row 22, V16: -1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V17: -2; row 22, V18: -2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 38.33236906349301,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, CSG − Top 10%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-d10",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, CSG",
    "value": 45.5001571018929,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 10%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d10",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, CSG",
    "value": 44.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V19: -15.4; row 23, V20: -29.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, CSG",
    "value": 147.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, CSG + Bottom 10–20%, CSG + Bottom 20–30%, CSG + Bottom 30–40%, CSG + Bottom 40–50%, CSG + Top 40–50%, CSG + Top 30–40%, CSG + Top 20–30%, CSG + Top 10–20%, CSG + Top 10%, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, CSG",
    "value": 1.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V1: -0.5; row 23, V2: -0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, CSG",
    "value": 3.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V3: -1.5; row 23, V4: -2.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, CSG",
    "value": 6.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V5: -2.8; row 23, V6: -3.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, CSG",
    "value": 9.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V7: -4.3; row 23, V8: -4.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, CSG",
    "value": 11.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V9: -5.3; row 23, V10: -5.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, CSG",
    "value": 13,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V11: -6.2; row 23, V12: -6.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, CSG",
    "value": 15.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V13: -7.6; row 23, V14: -8.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, CSG",
    "value": 18.700000000000003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V15: -8.9; row 23, V16: -9.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, CSG",
    "value": 23.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V17: -10.7; row 23, V18: -12.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 7.167788038399891,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 10%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€9.8bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€8.6bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 42.466022628376365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 10%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 10%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d10",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d10",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Net financial income",
    "value": 77.89999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V19: 15.6; row 8, V20: 62.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
    "label": "All groups, Net financial income",
    "value": 133.89999999999998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Net financial income + Bottom 10–20%, Net financial income + Bottom 20–30%, Net financial income + Bottom 30–40%, Net financial income + Bottom 40–50%, Net financial income + Top 40–50%, Net financial income + Top 30–40%, Net financial income + Top 20–30%, Net financial income + Top 10–20%, Net financial income + Top 10%, Net financial income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Net financial income",
    "value": 1.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V1: 1; row 8, V2: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Net financial income",
    "value": 2.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V3: 1; row 8, V4: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Net financial income",
    "value": 3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V5: 1.3; row 8, V6: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Net financial income",
    "value": 3.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V7: 1.9; row 8, V8: 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Net financial income",
    "value": 4.300000000000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V9: 2.2; row 8, V10: 2.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V11: 2.6; row 8, V12: 3.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Net financial income",
    "value": 7.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V13: 3.4; row 8, V14: 4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Net financial income",
    "value": 10.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V15: 4.9; row 8, V16: 5.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Net financial income",
    "value": 17,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V17: 7.4; row 8, V18: 9.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 36.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V19: 14.9; row 9, V20: 21.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths",
    "label": "All groups, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 166.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Rents, actual and imputed + Bottom 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed + Bottom 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed + Bottom 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed + Bottom 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 10%, Rents, actual and imputed",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 6.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V1: 3.3; row 9, V2: 3.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 7.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V3: 3.4; row 9, V4: 3.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 10.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V5: 5; row 9, V6: 5.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 12.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V7: 6.1; row 9, V8: 6.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 13.899999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V9: 6.8; row 9, V10: 7.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 16,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V11: 7.6; row 9, V12: 8.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 18.299999999999997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V13: 8.7; row 9, V14: 9.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 20.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V15: 9.9; row 9, V16: 10.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 24.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V17: 11.6; row 9, V18: 12.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Income tax",
    "value": 66.48922689049228,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 10%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d10",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Income tax",
    "value": 65.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V19: -15.9; row 24, V20: -49.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Income tax",
    "value": 101.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Income tax + Bottom 10–20%, Income tax + Bottom 20–30%, Income tax + Bottom 30–40%, Income tax + Bottom 40–50%, Income tax + Top 40–50%, Income tax + Top 30–40%, Income tax + Top 20–30%, Income tax + Top 10–20%, Income tax + Top 10%, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V1: -2.7; row 24, V2: 0"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Income tax",
    "value": 0.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V3: 0; row 24, V4: -0.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V5: 0; row 24, V6: 0"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Income tax",
    "value": 0.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V7: -0.2; row 24, V8: -0.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Income tax",
    "value": 1.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V9: -0.5; row 24, V10: -0.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V11: -1.1; row 24, V12: -1.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V13: -1.9; row 24, V14: -2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Income tax",
    "value": 8.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V15: -3.8; row 24, V16: -4.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Income tax",
    "value": 16.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V17: -6.4; row 24, V18: -9.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 12.00011834232838,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d10",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 11.700000000000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V19: -2.9; row 25, V20: -8.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 24.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V1: -0.2; row 25, V2: -0.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V3: -0.2; row 25, V4: -0.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V5: -0.3; row 25, V6: -0.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V7: -0.5; row 25, V8: -0.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V9: -0.6; row 25, V10: -0.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V11: -0.7; row 25, V12: -0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.7000000000000002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V13: -0.8; row 25, V14: -0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V15: -1; row 25, V16: -1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V17: -1.4; row 25, V18: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 79.33172562385812,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 10%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d10",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 93,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V19: -35.7; row 26, V20: -57.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Pension contributions",
    "value": 328.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Pension contributions + Bottom 10–20%, Pension contributions + Bottom 20–30%, Pension contributions + Bottom 30–40%, Pension contributions + Bottom 40–50%, Pension contributions + Top 40–50%, Pension contributions + Top 30–40%, Pension contributions + Top 20–30%, Pension contributions + Top 10–20%, Pension contributions + Top 10%, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 3.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V1: -1.4; row 26, V2: -2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 9.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V3: -4.2; row 26, V4: -5.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 14.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V5: -6.9; row 26, V6: -7.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 20.200000000000003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V7: -9.3; row 26, V8: -10.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 24.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V9: -12; row 26, V10: -12.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 28.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V11: -13.8; row 26, V12: -14.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V13: -17.5; row 26, V14: -18.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 43.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V15: -20.6; row 26, V16: -22.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 54.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V17: -25; row 26, V18: -29.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Other contributions",
    "value": 60.613503039233755,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 10%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d10",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Other contributions",
    "value": 71.10000000000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V19: -18.2; row 29, V20: -32.3; row 27, V19: -3.7; row 27, V20: -5.1; row 28, V19: -4.1; row 28, V20: -7.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Other contributions",
    "value": 214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Other contributions + Bottom 10–20%, Other contributions + Bottom 20–30%, Other contributions + Bottom 30–40%, Other contributions + Bottom 40–50%, Other contributions + Top 40–50%, Other contributions + Top 30–40%, Other contributions + Top 20–30%, Other contributions + Top 10–20%, Other contributions + Top 10%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Other contributions",
    "value": 2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V1: -0.5; row 29, V2: -0.8; row 27, V1: -0.1; row 27, V2: -0.2; row 28, V1: -0.1; row 28, V2: -0.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Other contributions",
    "value": 5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V3: -1.3; row 29, V4: -1.7; row 27, V3: -0.4; row 27, V4: -0.5; row 28, V3: -0.5; row 28, V4: -0.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Other contributions",
    "value": 7.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V5: -2.1; row 29, V6: -2.4; row 27, V5: -0.7; row 27, V6: -0.8; row 28, V5: -0.8; row 28, V6: -0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Other contributions",
    "value": 10.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V7: -2.8; row 29, V8: -3.6; row 27, V7: -0.9; row 27, V8: -1.1; row 28, V7: -1.1; row 28, V8: -1.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Other contributions",
    "value": 14.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V9: -4.1; row 29, V10: -4.8; row 27, V9: -1.2; row 27, V10: -1.3; row 28, V9: -1.3; row 28, V10: -1.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Other contributions",
    "value": 16.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V11: -5.1; row 29, V12: -5.6; row 27, V11: -1.4; row 27, V12: -1.5; row 28, V11: -1.6; row 28, V12: -1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Other contributions",
    "value": 21.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V13: -6.7; row 29, V14: -7.1; row 27, V13: -1.9; row 27, V14: -1.9; row 28, V13: -1.9; row 28, V14: -2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Other contributions",
    "value": 27.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V15: -8.4; row 29, V16: -9.8; row 27, V15: -2.2; row 27, V16: -2.5; row 28, V15: -2.2; row 28, V16: -2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Other contributions",
    "value": 37.300000000000004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V17: -11.3; row 29, V18: -14.3; row 27, V17: -2.6; row 27, V18: -3.2; row 28, V17: -2.7; row 28, V18: -3.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-people-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, people",
    "value": 6800000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(V19, Individuals, millions, Insee + V20, Individuals, millions, Insee) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-d10-pp",
    "label": "Top 10%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2150,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-d10",
        "dna-people-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, transfers received",
    "value": 175.56453268320524,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Subsidies on products + Top 10%, Subsidies on production + Top 10%, Pensions + Top 10%, Unemployment benefits + Top 10%, Other cash benefits + Top 10%, Health care + Top 10%, Education + Top 10%, Social care and housing aid + Top 10%, Culture and leisure + Top 10%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d10",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d10",
        "dna-2023-pensions-d10",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d10",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d10",
        "dna-2023-health-d10",
        "dna-2023-education-d10",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d10",
        "dna-2023-culture-d10",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 5.664668241391851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 10%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d10",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V19: 1.7; row 19, V20: 2.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 32,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on products + Top 40–50%, Subsidies on products + Top 30–40%, Subsidies on products + Top 20–30%, Subsidies on products + Top 10–20%, Subsidies on products + Top 10%, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V1: 1.4; row 19, V2: 1.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V3: 1.4; row 19, V4: 1.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V5: 1.5; row 19, V6: 1.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V7: 1.6; row 19, V8: 1.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V9: 1.5; row 19, V10: 1.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V11: 1.5; row 19, V12: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V13: 1.6; row 19, V14: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V15: 1.7; row 19, V16: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V17: 1.7; row 19, V18: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 16.36278038959786,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 10%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d10",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 11.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V19: 4.1; row 21, V20: 7.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 38.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on production + Top 40–50%, Subsidies on production + Top 30–40%, Subsidies on production + Top 20–30%, Subsidies on production + Top 10–20%, Subsidies on production + Top 10%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V1: 0.2; row 21, V2: 0.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V3: 0.5; row 21, V4: 0.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.7000000000000002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V5: 0.8; row 21, V6: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 2.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V7: 1.1; row 21, V8: 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 2.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V9: 1.3; row 21, V10: 1.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V11: 1.6; row 21, V12: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V13: 1.9; row 21, V14: 2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V15: 2.3; row 21, V16: 2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 6.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V17: 2.8; row 21, V18: 3.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Pensions",
    "value": 61.94945543379753,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 10%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d10",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Pensions",
    "value": 66.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V19: 30.2; row 31, V20: 36.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Pensions",
    "value": 397.80000000000007,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Pensions + Bottom 10–20%, Pensions + Bottom 20–30%, Pensions + Bottom 30–40%, Pensions + Bottom 40–50%, Pensions + Top 40–50%, Pensions + Top 30–40%, Pensions + Top 20–30%, Pensions + Top 10–20%, Pensions + Top 10%, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Pensions",
    "value": 10.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V1: 2.4; row 31, V2: 8.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Pensions",
    "value": 22.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V3: 10.5; row 31, V4: 12.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Pensions",
    "value": 34.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V5: 15.3; row 31, V6: 18.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Pensions",
    "value": 36.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V7: 18.6; row 31, V8: 17.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Pensions",
    "value": 39,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V9: 18.9; row 31, V10: 20.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Pensions",
    "value": 43.599999999999994,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V11: 20.2; row 31, V12: 23.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Pensions",
    "value": 44.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V13: 20.9; row 31, V14: 23.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Pensions",
    "value": 47.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V15: 23.1; row 31, V16: 24.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Pensions",
    "value": 52.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V17: 24.4; row 31, V18: 27.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 5.054559471106518,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 10%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d10",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 5.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V19: 2.9; row 32, V20: 2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 45.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 10–20%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 20–30%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 30–40%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 40–50%, Unemployment benefits + Top 40–50%, Unemployment benefits + Top 30–40%, Unemployment benefits + Top 20–30%, Unemployment benefits + Top 10–20%, Unemployment benefits + Top 10%, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 5.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V1: 2.5; row 32, V2: 3.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 5.699999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V3: 2.9; row 32, V4: 2.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 5.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V5: 2.9; row 32, V6: 2.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 4.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V7: 2.5; row 32, V8: 2.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 4.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V9: 2.6; row 32, V10: 2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V11: 1.6; row 32, V12: 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V13: 2; row 32, V14: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.4000000000000004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V15: 1.8; row 32, V16: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V17: 1.9; row 32, V18: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 13.772410435500401,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 10%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d10",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 14.799999999999997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V19: 3.8; row 33, V20: 6.1; row 34, V19: 0.4; row 34, V20: 0.3; row 35, V19: 0.2; row 35, V20: 0.2; row 36, V19: 0.8; row 36, V20: 0.6; row 37, V19: 1.2; row 37, V20: 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 147.59999999999997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 10–20%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 20–30%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 30–40%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 40–50%, Other cash benefits + Top 40–50%, Other cash benefits + Top 30–40%, Other cash benefits + Top 20–30%, Other cash benefits + Top 10–20%, Other cash benefits + Top 10%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.799999999999997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V1: 0.2; row 33, V2: 0.4; row 34, V1: 3.2; row 34, V2: 4; row 35, V1: 5.6; row 35, V2: 4.4; row 36, V1: 0.5; row 36, V2: 1.7; row 37, V1: 0.4; row 37, V2: 0.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 21.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V3: 0.6; row 33, V4: 0.7; row 34, V3: 3.2; row 34, V4: 3; row 35, V3: 4.1; row 35, V4: 4.3; row 36, V3: 2.1; row 36, V4: 1.5; row 37, V3: 0.8; row 37, V4: 0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 16.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V5: 0.9; row 33, V6: 1; row 34, V5: 2.7; row 34, V6: 2.5; row 35, V5: 2.7; row 35, V6: 1.9; row 36, V5: 1.3; row 36, V6: 1.3; row 37, V5: 0.9; row 37, V6: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 14.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V7: 1.2; row 33, V8: 1.4; row 34, V7: 1.8; row 34, V8: 1.9; row 35, V7: 2; row 35, V8: 1.6; row 36, V7: 1.3; row 36, V8: 0.9; row 37, V7: 1; row 37, V8: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 13,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V9: 1.5; row 33, V10: 1.6; row 34, V9: 1.7; row 34, V10: 1.7; row 35, V9: 1.4; row 35, V10: 0.9; row 36, V9: 1.1; row 36, V10: 1.1; row 37, V9: 1; row 37, V10: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 12,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V11: 1.7; row 33, V12: 1.8; row 34, V11: 1.5; row 34, V12: 1.2; row 35, V11: 0.8; row 35, V12: 0.8; row 36, V11: 1.3; row 36, V12: 0.9; row 37, V11: 1; row 37, V12: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.799999999999997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V13: 2; row 33, V14: 2.1; row 34, V13: 1; row 34, V14: 0.9; row 35, V13: 0.6; row 35, V14: 0.6; row 36, V13: 1.2; row 36, V14: 1.2; row 37, V13: 1.1; row 37, V14: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.899999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V15: 2.4; row 33, V16: 2.6; row 34, V15: 0.8; row 34, V16: 0.8; row 35, V15: 0.5; row 35, V16: 0.4; row 36, V15: 1; row 36, V16: 1.2; row 37, V15: 1.1; row 37, V16: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 12,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V17: 2.8; row 33, V18: 3.2; row 34, V17: 0.6; row 34, V18: 0.4; row 35, V17: 0.4; row 35, V18: 0.4; row 36, V17: 0.9; row 36, V18: 1.1; row 37, V17: 1.1; row 37, V18: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Health care",
    "value": 18.95823667621777,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 10%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d10",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Health care",
    "value": 15.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V19: 8; row 40, V20: 7.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Health care",
    "value": 209.39999999999998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Health care + Bottom 10–20%, Health care + Bottom 20–30%, Health care + Bottom 30–40%, Health care + Bottom 40–50%, Health care + Top 40–50%, Health care + Top 30–40%, Health care + Top 20–30%, Health care + Top 10–20%, Health care + Top 10%, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Health care",
    "value": 17.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V1: 9.1; row 40, V2: 8.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Health care",
    "value": 28.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V3: 14.1; row 40, V4: 14.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Health care",
    "value": 24,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V5: 11.8; row 40, V6: 12.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Health care",
    "value": 27.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V7: 13.8; row 40, V8: 13.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Health care",
    "value": 19.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V9: 9.8; row 40, V10: 9.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Health care",
    "value": 21.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V11: 10.5; row 40, V12: 10.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Health care",
    "value": 21.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V13: 10.8; row 40, V14: 10.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Health care",
    "value": 15.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V15: 7.8; row 40, V16: 7.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Health care",
    "value": 18.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V17: 9.1; row 40, V18: 9.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Education",
    "value": 11.492349102263853,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 10%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d10",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Education",
    "value": 10.399999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V19: 5.1; row 41, V20: 5.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Education",
    "value": 128.10000000000002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Education + Bottom 10–20%, Education + Bottom 20–30%, Education + Bottom 30–40%, Education + Bottom 40–50%, Education + Top 40–50%, Education + Top 30–40%, Education + Top 20–30%, Education + Top 10–20%, Education + Top 10%, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Education",
    "value": 18.700000000000003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V1: 9.8; row 41, V2: 8.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Education",
    "value": 15.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V3: 7.7; row 41, V4: 7.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Education",
    "value": 14.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V5: 7.7; row 41, V6: 7.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Education",
    "value": 12.899999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V7: 6.3; row 41, V8: 6.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Education",
    "value": 12.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V9: 6; row 41, V10: 6.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Education",
    "value": 11.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V11: 5.8; row 41, V12: 5.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Education",
    "value": 10.899999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V13: 5.6; row 41, V14: 5.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Education",
    "value": 10.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V15: 5.7; row 41, V16: 5.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Education",
    "value": 10.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V17: 5.4; row 41, V18: 5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 5.092671201504578,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 10%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d10",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 5.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V19: 1.7; row 42, V20: 1.5; row 44, V19: 0.1; row 44, V20: 0.1; row 45, V19: 1; row 45, V20: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 116.30000000000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 10–20%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 20–30%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 30–40%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 40–50%, Social care and housing aid + Top 40–50%, Social care and housing aid + Top 30–40%, Social care and housing aid + Top 20–30%, Social care and housing aid + Top 10–20%, Social care and housing aid + Top 10%, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 20.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V1: 4.9; row 42, V2: 6.5; row 44, V1: 4.4; row 44, V2: 3.2; row 45, V1: 0.8; row 45, V2: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 22.400000000000002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V3: 7; row 42, V4: 8.8; row 44, V3: 2.6; row 44, V4: 1.9; row 45, V3: 1; row 45, V4: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 14.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V5: 5.7; row 42, V6: 4.7; row 44, V5: 1.1; row 44, V6: 0.6; row 45, V5: 1; row 45, V6: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 12.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V7: 5.3; row 42, V8: 4.7; row 44, V7: 0.5; row 44, V8: 0.4; row 45, V7: 1; row 45, V8: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 10.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V9: 4.5; row 42, V10: 3.6; row 44, V9: 0.3; row 44, V10: 0.2; row 45, V9: 0.9; row 45, V10: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 9.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V11: 3.7; row 42, V12: 3.4; row 44, V11: 0.2; row 44, V12: 0.2; row 45, V11: 0.9; row 45, V12: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 8.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V13: 3.1; row 42, V14: 3.1; row 44, V13: 0.1; row 44, V14: 0.1; row 45, V13: 0.9; row 45, V14: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 6.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V15: 2.5; row 42, V16: 2.1; row 44, V15: 0.1; row 44, V16: 0.1; row 45, V15: 0.9; row 45, V16: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 6.199999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V17: 2.1; row 42, V18: 2; row 44, V17: 0.1; row 44, V18: 0.1; row 45, V17: 0.9; row 45, V18: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.141699999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 10%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d10",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V19: 2.6; row 43, V20: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 52.00000000000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 10–20%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 20–30%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 30–40%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 40–50%, Culture and leisure + Top 40–50%, Culture and leisure + Top 30–40%, Culture and leisure + Top 20–30%, Culture and leisure + Top 10–20%, Culture and leisure + Top 10%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V1: 2.6; row 43, V2: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V3: 2.6; row 43, V4: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V5: 2.6; row 43, V6: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V7: 2.6; row 43, V8: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V9: 2.6; row 43, V10: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V11: 2.6; row 43, V12: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V13: 2.6; row 43, V14: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V15: 2.6; row 43, V16: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V17: 2.6; row 43, V18: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Collective services",
    "value": 33.0757017318249,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 10%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d10",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Collective services",
    "value": 23.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V19: 12.3; row 46, V20: 11.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10",
    "label": "All groups, Collective services",
    "value": 239.50000000000003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Collective services + Bottom 10–20%, Collective services + Bottom 20–30%, Collective services + Bottom 30–40%, Collective services + Bottom 40–50%, Collective services + Top 40–50%, Collective services + Top 30–40%, Collective services + Top 20–30%, Collective services + Top 10–20%, Collective services + Top 10%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d1",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d2",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d3",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d4",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d5",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d6",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d7",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d8",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d9",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Collective services",
    "value": 26.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V1: 14.6; row 46, V2: 11.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Collective services",
    "value": 24.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V3: 12.2; row 46, V4: 12.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Collective services",
    "value": 24.200000000000003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V5: 11.8; row 46, V6: 12.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Collective services",
    "value": 24,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V7: 12.2; row 46, V8: 11.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Collective services",
    "value": 23.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V9: 11.8; row 46, V10: 11.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Collective services",
    "value": 23.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V11: 11.6; row 46, V12: 11.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Collective services",
    "value": 23.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V13: 11.6; row 46, V14: 11.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Collective services",
    "value": 23,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V15: 11.3; row 46, V16: 11.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Collective services",
    "value": 23.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V17: 11.2; row 46, V18: 12"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-d1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-d1",
        "dna-people-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, levies paid",
    "value": 30.85167173156424,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on products + Bottom 10%, Taxes on production + Bottom 10%, Corporate tax + Bottom 10%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 10%, CSG on capital income + Bottom 10%, Income tax + Bottom 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 10%, Pension contributions + Bottom 10%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d1-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d1",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d1-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d1",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d1",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d1",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d1",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d1",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d1-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.46336990984182,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d1",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.3132671294223,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Bottom 10%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d1",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.203233591514306,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Bottom 10%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d1",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d1-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.5687397332361992,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d1",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.7111349855188286,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Bottom 10%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d1",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.9876345487395504,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, CSG − Bottom 10%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-d1",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, CSG",
    "value": 1.4250608488288603,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Bottom 10%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d1",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.43742630008930994,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Bottom 10%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€240m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€394m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.59156033330282,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Bottom 10%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Bottom 10%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d1",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d1",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.7491717091015184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Bottom 10%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d1",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.41026045614797874,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d1",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 3.3268143003553408,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Bottom 10%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d1",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Other contributions",
    "value": 1.7050211825382207,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Bottom 10%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d1",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-people-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, people",
    "value": 6800000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(V1, Individuals, millions, Insee + V2, Individuals, millions, Insee) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v1",
    "label": "V1, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column C (V1)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v2",
    "label": "V2, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column D (V2)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-d1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1730,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-d1",
        "dna-people-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, transfers received",
    "value": 140.8732678858519,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 10%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 10%, Pensions + Bottom 10%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 10%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 10%, Health care + Bottom 10%, Education + Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 10%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d1",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d1",
        "dna-2023-pensions-d1",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d1",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d1",
        "dna-2023-health-d1",
        "dna-2023-education-d1",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d1",
        "dna-2023-culture-d1",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.8685539209505326,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d1",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.6933381521016041,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Bottom 10%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d1",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Pensions",
    "value": 9.85982323721102,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Bottom 10%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d1",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 5.428971283781074,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Bottom 10%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d1",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 19.355820071514078,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Bottom 10%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d1",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Health care",
    "value": 20.865983763132764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Bottom 10%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d1",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Education",
    "value": 20.664127712724433,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Bottom 10%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d1",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 19.16696252202632,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d1",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.141699999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d1",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Collective services",
    "value": 36.82798722241008,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Bottom 10%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d1",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "old-age-share-2024",
    "label": "Old age, share of spending",
    "value": 23.445134202555362,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Share of Public spending by function.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Old age ÷ Public spending by function × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "gf1002-2024",
        "cofog-total-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf1002-2024",
    "label": "Old age",
    "value": 391954.3,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Old-age pensions and services for the elderly, long-term care included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF1002"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF1002&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Close to, but not the same as, the cost of pensions: it includes elderly care and excludes survivors' pensions, which COFOG counts separately."
  },
  {
    "id": "cofog-total-2024",
    "label": "Public spending by function",
    "value": 1671793.8,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Total expenditure of general government, classified by purpose (COFOG).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "TOTAL"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=TOTAL&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "The functional breakdown is a later release than the revenue table and totals €0.9bn less than its expenditure figure (€1,672.7bn). The chart shows both as published."
  },
  {
    "id": "borrowing-2024",
    "label": "Borrowing",
    "value": 169118.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The deficit: the part of public spending not covered by revenue, financed by issuing debt.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "− Net lending, 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "b9-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "b9-2024",
    "label": "Net lending, 2024",
    "value": -169118.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Revenue minus expenditure of general government.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "B9"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=B9&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "te-2024",
    "label": "Public spending, 2024",
    "value": 1672708.2,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Total expenditure of general government. General government (S13): the State, local authorities and the social security funds, consolidated so that transfers between them cancel out.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "d61rec-2024",
    "label": "Social contributions",
    "value": 483631,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Contributions paid by employers, employees and the self-employed to social security, pensions and unemployment insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D61REC"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D61REC&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Includes imputed contributions: the State's own funding of civil servants' pensions is booked as a contribution it pays itself. CSG is not here; national accounts class it as a tax on income."
  },
  {
    "id": "d2rec-2024",
    "label": "Taxes on production and imports",
    "value": 456133,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "VAT, excise duties on energy, tobacco and alcohol, and taxes on payroll and on business property, as received by general government.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D2REC"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D2REC&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "d5rec-2024",
    "label": "Taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 365683,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, CSG and CRDS, corporate income tax, and the property wealth tax (IFI).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D5REC"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D5REC&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "d91rec-2024",
    "label": "Capital taxes",
    "value": 21470,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes levied at irregular intervals on assets transferred, mostly inheritance and gift duties.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D91REC"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D91REC&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "other-revenue-2024",
    "label": "Sales and other revenue",
    "value": 176673.1000000001,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Everything general government receives that is neither a tax nor a social contribution: mostly sales of services and fees, plus property income and transfers received.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Public revenue − social contributions − taxes on production and imports − taxes on income and wealth − capital taxes",
      "inputs": [
        "tr-2024",
        "d61rec-2024",
        "d2rec-2024",
        "d5rec-2024",
        "d91rec-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Eurostat does not publish sales (market output) in this table, so it is computed as the remainder of total revenue. Property income, other current transfers and non-tax capital transfers explain €49.5bn of it; the remaining €127bn is mostly sales of services and fees."
  },
  {
    "id": "tr-2024",
    "label": "Public revenue, 2024",
    "value": 1503590.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Total revenue of general government. General government (S13): the State, local authorities and the social security funds, consolidated so that transfers between them cancel out.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TR"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TR&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf10-2024",
    "label": "Social protection",
    "value": 693028.8,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Pensions, sickness and disability benefits, family and unemployment benefits, housing benefits and minimum incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF10"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF10&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf07-2024",
    "label": "Health",
    "value": 261156.3,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Hospitals, outpatient care, medicines and public health, as funded by general government (mostly the health insurance branch of social security).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF07"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF07&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf01-2024",
    "label": "General public services",
    "value": 181103.2,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Executive and legislative bodies, tax collection, foreign affairs, transfers between levels of government, and public debt transactions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF01"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF01&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf04-2024",
    "label": "Economic affairs",
    "value": 166072.8,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Transport, energy, agriculture, industry and general economic, commercial and labour affairs, including subsidies to firms.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF04"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF04&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Most public support to companies is tax and contribution relief, which lowers revenue rather than adding spending. See the section on companies."
  },
  {
    "id": "gf09-2024",
    "label": "Education",
    "value": 148639.6,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Pre-primary to tertiary education, and its support services.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF09"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF09&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "amenities-2024",
    "label": "Housing, environment and culture",
    "value": 115481.29999999999,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Housing and community amenities, environmental protection, and recreation and culture, grouped because each is small.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Housing and community amenities + environmental protection + recreation, culture and religion",
      "inputs": [
        "gf06-2024",
        "gf05-2024",
        "gf08-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf06-2024",
    "label": "Housing and community amenities",
    "value": 42128.6,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Housing development, community development, water supply, street lighting.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF06"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF06&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits paid to households are in social protection."
  },
  {
    "id": "gf05-2024",
    "label": "Environmental protection",
    "value": 30285.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Waste and waste water, pollution abatement, biodiversity.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF05"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF05&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf08-2024",
    "label": "Recreation, culture and religion",
    "value": 43067.6,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sport, culture, broadcasting and publishing services.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF08"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF08&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf02-2024",
    "label": "Defence",
    "value": 54199,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Military and civil defence, and foreign military aid.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF02"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF02&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Military pensions are in social protection, not here, so NATO's definition of French defence spending is higher."
  },
  {
    "id": "gf03-2024",
    "label": "Public order and safety",
    "value": 52113,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Police, fire services, courts and prisons.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF03"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF03&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf1003-2024",
    "label": "Survivors",
    "value": 40608.3,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Pensions and benefits paid to the survivors of a deceased person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF1003"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF1003&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf1001-2024",
    "label": "Sickness and disability",
    "value": 83898.9,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sick pay, disability pensions and allowances; the care itself is in health.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF1001"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF1001&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf1004-2024",
    "label": "Family and children",
    "value": 66711.4,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Family allowances, childbirth and parental leave, childcare.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF1004"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF1004&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf1005-2024",
    "label": "Unemployment",
    "value": 48520.9,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Unemployment benefits and the cost of employment services.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF1005"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF1005&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "social-other-2024",
    "label": "Housing benefits and minimum incomes",
    "value": 61335.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Housing benefits, minimum incomes and other social protection.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Housing benefits + social exclusion + social protection n.e.c.",
      "inputs": [
        "gf1006-2024",
        "gf1007-2024",
        "gf1009-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf1006-2024",
    "label": "Housing benefits",
    "value": 21146.7,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Housing benefits paid to households (APL, ALF, ALS).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF1006"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF1006&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf1007-2024",
    "label": "Social exclusion",
    "value": 36460.8,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Minimum incomes (RSA) and other benefits against poverty.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF1007"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF1007&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf1009-2024",
    "label": "Social protection n.e.c.",
    "value": 3727.6,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social protection not elsewhere classified.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF1009"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF1009&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "gf0107-2024",
    "label": "Debt interest",
    "value": 58870.2,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Public debt transactions: interest and the cost of borrowing.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF0107"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF0107&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€60.1bn",
        "source": "Eurostat gov_10a_main, D41PAY (interest paid)",
        "why": "Interest in the national accounts is recorded on an accrual basis and covers all government debt; the COFOG line is the cost of public debt as a function."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "gf01-other-2024",
    "label": "Running the State",
    "value": 122233.00000000001,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General public services other than debt: executive and legislative bodies, tax collection, foreign affairs, general transfers.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "General public services − debt interest",
      "inputs": [
        "gf01-2024",
        "gf0107-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "social-share-2024",
    "label": "Social protection, share of spending",
    "value": 41.454203263584304,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Share of Public spending by function.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social protection ÷ Public spending by function × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "gf10-2024",
        "cofog-total-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-d10-levies",
    "label": "Richest tenth: taxes and social levies paid",
    "value": 422.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every compulsory levy attributed to the group: taxes on production and consumption (€72.8bn), on income and wealth (€185.7bn), and social contributions (€164.2bn). Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Prélèvements (i)”, column D10",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Published as −422.8. Includes taxes legally paid by companies, whose burden Insee attributes to households."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-d10-cash",
    "label": "Richest tenth: cash benefits received",
    "value": 86.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Cash social benefits, pensions included (€66.6bn of the total). Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Prestations sociales monétaires (ii)”, column D10",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Pensions count as transfers here, not as deferred labour income. Insee reports that counting them as deferred labour income brings the ratio of the richest to the poorest tenth's income before transfers down from 26 to 14."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-d10-kind",
    "label": "Richest tenth: in-kind transfers",
    "value": 37.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Health care, education, housing and social action received in kind. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Transferts sociaux en nature (individualisables)”, column D10",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-d10-collective",
    "label": "Richest tenth: share of collective services",
    "value": 23.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice and other collective spending, spread over households. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Dépenses collectives et autres transferts”, column D10",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-after-d10",
    "label": "Richest tenth (D10): income after public transfers",
    "value": 443.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended income after public transfers: primary income, minus every tax and social levy, plus cash benefits (pensions included), in-kind transfers such as health care and schooling, and a share of collective services. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Niveau de vie élargi (après transferts publics) E=D+i+ii+iii”, column D10",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Insee's published row for non-cash transfers (iii) does not equal the sum of its two components for D2 to D10 (for D10 it prints €51.7bn, while €37.1bn + €23.8bn = €60.9bn); this total agrees with the components, not with that row. Summed over everyone, income after transfers exceeds primary income by €66.2bn. That difference is covered by borrowing."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-d10-labour",
    "label": "Richest tenth: labour income",
    "value": 413.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Wages with every employee and employer social contribution included (“super-gross”). Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Revenus salariaux super-bruts”, column D10",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Employer contributions are never received as cash."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-d10-property",
    "label": "Richest tenth: property and self-employment income",
    "value": 179.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mixed income of the self-employed, net interest and dividends, and actual and imputed rents. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Revenus du patrimoine et mixtes des indépendants”, column D10",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Imputed rents of owner-occupiers are not a cash flow."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-d10-retained",
    "label": "Richest tenth: retained company profits attributed",
    "value": 101,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Profits that resident companies keep rather than pay out, imputed to the households that own their shares. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, column D10",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "This is attributed income, not cash received by households. Insee does not split these profits between resident and foreign shareholders: “ces corrections de champ ne sont pas effectuées faute d'information statistique suffisante pour le faire”."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-d10-public",
    "label": "Richest tenth: share of public bodies' primary income",
    "value": 23.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The primary income of general government and non-profits, attributed to households. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Revenus primaires des APU et des ISBLSM (C)”, column D10",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-primary-d10",
    "label": "Richest tenth (D10): income before public transfers",
    "value": 718.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended primary income: what the group earns before any public transfer, counting labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, company profits retained but attributed to their owners, and a share of the primary income of public bodies. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics) D=A+B+C”, column D10",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-after-d1",
    "label": "Poorest tenth (D1): income after public transfers",
    "value": 123.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended income after public transfers: primary income, minus every tax and social levy, plus cash benefits (pensions included), in-kind transfers such as health care and schooling, and a share of collective services. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Niveau de vie élargi (après transferts publics) E=D+i+ii+iii”, column D1",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Insee's published row for non-cash transfers (iii) does not equal the sum of its two components for D2 to D10 (for D10 it prints €51.7bn, while €37.1bn + €23.8bn = €60.9bn); this total agrees with the components, not with that row. Summed over everyone, income after transfers exceeds primary income by €66.2bn. That difference is covered by borrowing."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-primary-d1",
    "label": "Poorest tenth (D1): income before public transfers",
    "value": 27,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended primary income: what the group earns before any public transfer, counting labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, company profits retained but attributed to their owners, and a share of the primary income of public bodies. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics) D=A+B+C”, column D1",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-after-d2",
    "label": "Tenth D2: income after public transfers",
    "value": 162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended income after public transfers: primary income, minus every tax and social levy, plus cash benefits (pensions included), in-kind transfers such as health care and schooling, and a share of collective services. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Niveau de vie élargi (après transferts publics) E=D+i+ii+iii”, column D2",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Insee's published row for non-cash transfers (iii) does not equal the sum of its two components for D2 to D10 (for D10 it prints €51.7bn, while €37.1bn + €23.8bn = €60.9bn); this total agrees with the components, not with that row. Summed over everyone, income after transfers exceeds primary income by €66.2bn. That difference is covered by borrowing."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-primary-d2",
    "label": "Tenth D2: income before public transfers",
    "value": 57.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended primary income: what the group earns before any public transfer, counting labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, company profits retained but attributed to their owners, and a share of the primary income of public bodies. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics) D=A+B+C”, column D2",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-after-d3",
    "label": "Tenth D3: income after public transfers",
    "value": 169,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended income after public transfers: primary income, minus every tax and social levy, plus cash benefits (pensions included), in-kind transfers such as health care and schooling, and a share of collective services. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Niveau de vie élargi (après transferts publics) E=D+i+ii+iii”, column D3",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Insee's published row for non-cash transfers (iii) does not equal the sum of its two components for D2 to D10 (for D10 it prints €51.7bn, while €37.1bn + €23.8bn = €60.9bn); this total agrees with the components, not with that row. Summed over everyone, income after transfers exceeds primary income by €66.2bn. That difference is covered by borrowing."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-primary-d3",
    "label": "Tenth D3: income before public transfers",
    "value": 87.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended primary income: what the group earns before any public transfer, counting labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, company profits retained but attributed to their owners, and a share of the primary income of public bodies. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics) D=A+B+C”, column D3",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-after-d4",
    "label": "Tenth D4: income after public transfers",
    "value": 183.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended income after public transfers: primary income, minus every tax and social levy, plus cash benefits (pensions included), in-kind transfers such as health care and schooling, and a share of collective services. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Niveau de vie élargi (après transferts publics) E=D+i+ii+iii”, column D4",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Insee's published row for non-cash transfers (iii) does not equal the sum of its two components for D2 to D10 (for D10 it prints €51.7bn, while €37.1bn + €23.8bn = €60.9bn); this total agrees with the components, not with that row. Summed over everyone, income after transfers exceeds primary income by €66.2bn. That difference is covered by borrowing."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-primary-d4",
    "label": "Tenth D4: income before public transfers",
    "value": 117.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended primary income: what the group earns before any public transfer, counting labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, company profits retained but attributed to their owners, and a share of the primary income of public bodies. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics) D=A+B+C”, column D4",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-after-d5",
    "label": "Tenth D5: income after public transfers",
    "value": 183.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended income after public transfers: primary income, minus every tax and social levy, plus cash benefits (pensions included), in-kind transfers such as health care and schooling, and a share of collective services. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Niveau de vie élargi (après transferts publics) E=D+i+ii+iii”, column D5",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Insee's published row for non-cash transfers (iii) does not equal the sum of its two components for D2 to D10 (for D10 it prints €51.7bn, while €37.1bn + €23.8bn = €60.9bn); this total agrees with the components, not with that row. Summed over everyone, income after transfers exceeds primary income by €66.2bn. That difference is covered by borrowing."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-primary-d5",
    "label": "Tenth D5: income before public transfers",
    "value": 142.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended primary income: what the group earns before any public transfer, counting labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, company profits retained but attributed to their owners, and a share of the primary income of public bodies. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics) D=A+B+C”, column D5",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-after-d6",
    "label": "Tenth D6: income after public transfers",
    "value": 195.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended income after public transfers: primary income, minus every tax and social levy, plus cash benefits (pensions included), in-kind transfers such as health care and schooling, and a share of collective services. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Niveau de vie élargi (après transferts publics) E=D+i+ii+iii”, column D6",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Insee's published row for non-cash transfers (iii) does not equal the sum of its two components for D2 to D10 (for D10 it prints €51.7bn, while €37.1bn + €23.8bn = €60.9bn); this total agrees with the components, not with that row. Summed over everyone, income after transfers exceeds primary income by €66.2bn. That difference is covered by borrowing."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-primary-d6",
    "label": "Tenth D6: income before public transfers",
    "value": 166.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended primary income: what the group earns before any public transfer, counting labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, company profits retained but attributed to their owners, and a share of the primary income of public bodies. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics) D=A+B+C”, column D6",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-after-d7",
    "label": "Tenth D7: income after public transfers",
    "value": 209.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended income after public transfers: primary income, minus every tax and social levy, plus cash benefits (pensions included), in-kind transfers such as health care and schooling, and a share of collective services. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Niveau de vie élargi (après transferts publics) E=D+i+ii+iii”, column D7",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Insee's published row for non-cash transfers (iii) does not equal the sum of its two components for D2 to D10 (for D10 it prints €51.7bn, while €37.1bn + €23.8bn = €60.9bn); this total agrees with the components, not with that row. Summed over everyone, income after transfers exceeds primary income by €66.2bn. That difference is covered by borrowing."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-primary-d7",
    "label": "Tenth D7: income before public transfers",
    "value": 201.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended primary income: what the group earns before any public transfer, counting labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, company profits retained but attributed to their owners, and a share of the primary income of public bodies. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics) D=A+B+C”, column D7",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-after-d8",
    "label": "Tenth D8: income after public transfers",
    "value": 223.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended income after public transfers: primary income, minus every tax and social levy, plus cash benefits (pensions included), in-kind transfers such as health care and schooling, and a share of collective services. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Niveau de vie élargi (après transferts publics) E=D+i+ii+iii”, column D8",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Insee's published row for non-cash transfers (iii) does not equal the sum of its two components for D2 to D10 (for D10 it prints €51.7bn, while €37.1bn + €23.8bn = €60.9bn); this total agrees with the components, not with that row. Summed over everyone, income after transfers exceeds primary income by €66.2bn. That difference is covered by borrowing."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-primary-d8",
    "label": "Tenth D8: income before public transfers",
    "value": 248.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended primary income: what the group earns before any public transfer, counting labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, company profits retained but attributed to their owners, and a share of the primary income of public bodies. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics) D=A+B+C”, column D8",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-after-d9",
    "label": "Tenth D9: income after public transfers",
    "value": 256.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended income after public transfers: primary income, minus every tax and social levy, plus cash benefits (pensions included), in-kind transfers such as health care and schooling, and a share of collective services. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Niveau de vie élargi (après transferts publics) E=D+i+ii+iii”, column D9",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Insee's published row for non-cash transfers (iii) does not equal the sum of its two components for D2 to D10 (for D10 it prints €51.7bn, while €37.1bn + €23.8bn = €60.9bn); this total agrees with the components, not with that row. Summed over everyone, income after transfers exceeds primary income by €66.2bn. That difference is covered by borrowing."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-primary-d9",
    "label": "Tenth D9: income before public transfers",
    "value": 316.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended primary income: what the group earns before any public transfer, counting labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, company profits retained but attributed to their owners, and a share of the primary income of public bodies. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics) D=A+B+C”, column D9",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-d10-share-after",
    "label": "Richest tenth's share of income after transfers",
    "value": 20.616014516354163,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The richest tenth's share of the total for everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Richest tenth (D10): income after public transfers ÷ Everyone: income after public transfers × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-after-d10",
        "dna-after-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-after-total",
    "label": "Everyone: income after public transfers",
    "value": 2149.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended income after public transfers: primary income, minus every tax and social levy, plus cash benefits (pensions included), in-kind transfers such as health care and schooling, and a share of collective services. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Niveau de vie élargi (après transferts publics) E=D+i+ii+iii”, column Ensemble",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Insee's published row for non-cash transfers (iii) does not equal the sum of its two components for D2 to D10 (for D10 it prints €51.7bn, while €37.1bn + €23.8bn = €60.9bn); this total agrees with the components, not with that row. Summed over everyone, income after transfers exceeds primary income by €66.2bn. That difference is covered by borrowing."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-d10-share-before",
    "label": "Richest tenth's share of income before transfers",
    "value": 34.472660938025065,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The richest tenth's share of the total for everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Richest tenth (D10): income before public transfers ÷ Everyone: income before public transfers × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-primary-d10",
        "dna-primary-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-primary-total",
    "label": "Everyone: income before public transfers",
    "value": 2083.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Extended primary income: what the group earns before any public transfer, counting labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, company profits retained but attributed to their owners, and a share of the primary income of public bodies. Individuals are ranked by the survey-based living standard of their household; each tenth holds 10% of individuals (about 4.7 million consumption units).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 2b”, row “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics) D=A+B+C”, column Ensemble",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-d61rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Social contributions, % of GDP",
    "value": 16.5,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social contributions of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_main, S13, PC_GDP, updated 2026-07-21",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&time=2024&na_item=D61REC",
      "location": "D61REC, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D61REC: 483631.0 million EUR, 16.5% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-d2rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Taxes on production, % of GDP",
    "value": 15.5,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes on production of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_main, S13, PC_GDP, updated 2026-07-21",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&time=2024&na_item=D2REC",
      "location": "D2REC, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D2REC: 456133.0 million EUR, 15.5% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-d5rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Taxes on income and wealth, % of GDP",
    "value": 12.5,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes on income and wealth of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_main, S13, PC_GDP, updated 2026-07-21",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&time=2024&na_item=D5REC",
      "location": "D5REC, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D5REC: 365683.0 million EUR, 12.5% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-d91rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Capital taxes, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.7,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Capital taxes of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_main, S13, PC_GDP, updated 2026-07-21",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&time=2024&na_item=D91REC",
      "location": "D91REC, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D91REC: 21470.0 million EUR, 0.7% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-other_revenue-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Sales and other revenue, % of GDP",
    "value": 6,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sales and other revenue of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_main, S13, PC_GDP, updated 2026-07-21",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&time=2024",
      "location": "other_revenue, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "other_revenue: 176673.1 million EUR, 6% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "TR minus D2REC, D5REC, D61REC, D91REC"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-borrowing-2024",
    "label": "France: borrowing, % of GDP",
    "value": 5.8,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The deficit: spending not covered by revenue.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "− Net lending",
      "inputs": [
        "fr-b9-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-b9-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Net lending, % of GDP",
    "value": -5.8,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net lending of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_main, S13, PC_GDP, updated 2026-07-21",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&time=2024&na_item=B9",
      "location": "B9, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "B9: -169118.1 million EUR, -5.8% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf10-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Social protection, % of GDP",
    "value": 23.7,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social protection of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF10",
      "location": "GF10, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF10: 693028.8 million EUR, 23.7% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf07-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Health, % of GDP",
    "value": 8.9,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Health of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF07",
      "location": "GF07, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF07: 261156.3 million EUR, 8.9% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf01-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: General public services, % of GDP",
    "value": 6.2,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General public services of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF01",
      "location": "GF01, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF01: 181103.2 million EUR, 6.2% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf04-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Economic affairs, % of GDP",
    "value": 5.7,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Economic affairs of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF04",
      "location": "GF04, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF04: 166072.8 million EUR, 5.7% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf09-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Education, % of GDP",
    "value": 5.1,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Education of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF09",
      "location": "GF09, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF09: 148639.6 million EUR, 5.1% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-amenities-2024",
    "label": "France: housing, environment and culture, % of GDP",
    "value": 3.9,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Housing and community amenities, environmental protection, recreation and culture.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Housing and community amenities + environmental protection + recreation and culture",
      "inputs": [
        "fr-gf05-pc-2024",
        "fr-gf06-pc-2024",
        "fr-gf08-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf05-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Environmental protection, % of GDP",
    "value": 1,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Environmental protection of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF05",
      "location": "GF05, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF05: 30285.1 million EUR, 1% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf06-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Housing and community amenities, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.4,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Housing and community amenities of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF06",
      "location": "GF06, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF06: 42128.6 million EUR, 1.4% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf08-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Recreation and culture, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.5,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Recreation and culture of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF08",
      "location": "GF08, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF08: 43067.6 million EUR, 1.5% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf02-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Defence, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.9,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Defence of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF02",
      "location": "GF02, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF02: 54199.0 million EUR, 1.9% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf03-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Public order, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.8,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Public order of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF03",
      "location": "GF03, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF03: 52113.0 million EUR, 1.8% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf1002-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Old age, % of GDP",
    "value": 13.4,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Old age of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF1002",
      "location": "GF1002, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1002: 391954.3 million EUR, 13.4% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf1003-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Survivors, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.4,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Survivors of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF1003",
      "location": "GF1003, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1003: 40608.3 million EUR, 1.4% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf1001-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Sickness and disability, % of GDP",
    "value": 2.9,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sickness and disability of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF1001",
      "location": "GF1001, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1001: 83898.9 million EUR, 2.9% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf1004-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Family, % of GDP",
    "value": 2.3,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Family of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF1004",
      "location": "GF1004, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1004: 66711.4 million EUR, 2.3% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf1005-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Unemployment, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.7,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Unemployment of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF1005",
      "location": "GF1005, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1005: 48520.9 million EUR, 1.7% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-social-other-2024",
    "label": "France: other social protection, % of GDP",
    "value": 2,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social protection other than old age, survivors, sickness and disability, family and unemployment: housing benefits, minimum incomes and the rest.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social protection − the listed parts",
      "inputs": [
        "fr-gf10-pc-2024",
        "fr-gf1001-pc-2024",
        "fr-gf1002-pc-2024",
        "fr-gf1003-pc-2024",
        "fr-gf1004-pc-2024",
        "fr-gf1005-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-gf0107-pc-2024",
    "label": "France: Debt interest, % of GDP",
    "value": 2,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Debt interest of general government in France, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp, S13, na_item TE, PC_GDP, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&geo=FR&unit=PC_GDP&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=GF0107",
      "location": "GF0107, FR, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF0107: 58870.2 million EUR, 2% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "fr-running-2024",
    "label": "France: running the State, % of GDP",
    "value": 4.2,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General public services other than debt interest.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "General public services − debt interest",
      "inputs": [
        "fr-gf01-pc-2024",
        "fr-gf0107-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-d61rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Social contributions, % of GDP",
    "value": 17.476,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social contributions of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_main (Government revenue, expenditure and main aggregates), S13, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-07-21",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&unit=PC_GDP&time=2024&na_item=TR&na_item=TE&na_item=B9&na_item=D2REC&na_item=D5REC&na_item=D61REC&na_item=D91REC&na_item=D4REC&na_item=D7REC&na_item=D9REC&na_item=P1O&na_item=D39REC",
      "location": "D61REC, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D61REC: 756551 million EUR, 17.476% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Eurostat PC_GDP=17.5"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-d2rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Taxes on production, % of GDP",
    "value": 10.251,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes on production of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_main (Government revenue, expenditure and main aggregates), S13, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-07-21",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&unit=PC_GDP&time=2024&na_item=TR&na_item=TE&na_item=B9&na_item=D2REC&na_item=D5REC&na_item=D61REC&na_item=D91REC&na_item=D4REC&na_item=D7REC&na_item=D9REC&na_item=P1O&na_item=D39REC",
      "location": "D2REC, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D2REC: 443779 million EUR, 10.251% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Eurostat PC_GDP=10.3"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-d5rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Taxes on income and wealth, % of GDP",
    "value": 12.771,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes on income and wealth of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_main (Government revenue, expenditure and main aggregates), S13, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-07-21",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&unit=PC_GDP&time=2024&na_item=TR&na_item=TE&na_item=B9&na_item=D2REC&na_item=D5REC&na_item=D61REC&na_item=D91REC&na_item=D4REC&na_item=D7REC&na_item=D9REC&na_item=P1O&na_item=D39REC",
      "location": "D5REC, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D5REC: 552833 million EUR, 12.771% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Eurostat PC_GDP=12.8"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-d91rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Capital taxes, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.231,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Capital taxes of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_main (Government revenue, expenditure and main aggregates), S13, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-07-21",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&unit=PC_GDP&time=2024&na_item=TR&na_item=TE&na_item=B9&na_item=D2REC&na_item=D5REC&na_item=D61REC&na_item=D91REC&na_item=D4REC&na_item=D7REC&na_item=D9REC&na_item=P1O&na_item=D39REC",
      "location": "D91REC, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D91REC: 9991 million EUR, 0.231% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Eurostat PC_GDP=0.2"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-other_revenue-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Sales and other revenue, % of GDP",
    "value": 6.035,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sales and other revenue of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_main (Government revenue, expenditure and main aggregates), S13, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-07-21",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&unit=PC_GDP&time=2024&na_item=TR&na_item=TE&na_item=B9&na_item=D2REC&na_item=D5REC&na_item=D61REC&na_item=D91REC&na_item=D4REC&na_item=D7REC&na_item=D9REC&na_item=P1O&na_item=D39REC",
      "location": "other_revenue, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "other_revenue: 261268 million EUR, 6.035% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "TR minus D2REC,D5REC,D61REC,D91REC = P11_P12_P131 185249 + D39REC 233 + D4REC 34106 + D7REC 31395 + D9REC-D91REC 10285 (sales/market output, subsidies received, property income, other current transfers, other capital transfers)"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-borrowing-2024",
    "label": "Germany: borrowing, % of GDP",
    "value": 2.663,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The deficit: spending not covered by revenue.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "− Net lending",
      "inputs": [
        "de-b9-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-b9-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Net lending, % of GDP",
    "value": -2.663,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net lending of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_main (Government revenue, expenditure and main aggregates), S13, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-07-21",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&unit=PC_GDP&time=2024&na_item=TR&na_item=TE&na_item=B9&na_item=D2REC&na_item=D5REC&na_item=D61REC&na_item=D91REC&na_item=D4REC&na_item=D7REC&na_item=D9REC&na_item=P1O&na_item=D39REC",
      "location": "B9, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "B9: -115295 million EUR, -2.663% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Eurostat PC_GDP=-2.7"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf10-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Social protection, % of GDP",
    "value": 20.402,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social protection of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF10, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF10: 883179 million EUR, 20.402% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf07-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Health, % of GDP",
    "value": 7.606,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Health of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF07, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF07: 329254 million EUR, 7.606% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf01-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: General public services, % of GDP",
    "value": 6.419,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General public services of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF01, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF01: 277890 million EUR, 6.419% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf04-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Economic affairs, % of GDP",
    "value": 5.418,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Economic affairs of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF04, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF04: 234556 million EUR, 5.418% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf09-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Education, % of GDP",
    "value": 4.495,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Education of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF09, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF09: 194584 million EUR, 4.495% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-amenities-2024",
    "label": "Germany: housing, environment and culture, % of GDP",
    "value": 2.1029999999999998,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Housing and community amenities, environmental protection, recreation and culture.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Housing and community amenities + environmental protection + recreation and culture",
      "inputs": [
        "de-gf05-pc-2024",
        "de-gf06-pc-2024",
        "de-gf08-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf05-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Environmental protection, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.567,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Environmental protection of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF05, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF05: 24526 million EUR, 0.567% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf06-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Housing and community amenities, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.474,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Housing and community amenities of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF06, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF06: 20503 million EUR, 0.474% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf08-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Recreation and culture, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.062,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Recreation and culture of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF08, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF08: 45985 million EUR, 1.062% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf02-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Defence, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.353,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Defence of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF02, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF02: 58583 million EUR, 1.353% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf03-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Public order, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.632,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Public order of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF03, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF03: 70657 million EUR, 1.632% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf1002-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Old age, % of GDP",
    "value": 9.869,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Old age of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF1002, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1002: 427228 million EUR, 9.869% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf1003-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Survivors, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.868,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Survivors of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF1003, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1003: 80844 million EUR, 1.868% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf1001-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Sickness and disability, % of GDP",
    "value": 3.325,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sickness and disability of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF1001, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1001: 143927 million EUR, 3.325% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf1004-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Family, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.935,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Family of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF1004, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1004: 83763 million EUR, 1.935% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf1005-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Unemployment, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.657,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Unemployment of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF1005, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1005: 71737 million EUR, 1.657% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-social-other-2024",
    "label": "Germany: other social protection, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.748000000000001,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social protection other than old age, survivors, sickness and disability, family and unemployment: housing benefits, minimum incomes and the rest.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social protection − the listed parts",
      "inputs": [
        "de-gf10-pc-2024",
        "de-gf1001-pc-2024",
        "de-gf1002-pc-2024",
        "de-gf1003-pc-2024",
        "de-gf1004-pc-2024",
        "de-gf1005-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-gf0107-pc-2024",
    "label": "Germany: Debt interest, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.138,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Debt interest of general government in Germany, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Eurostat",
      "title": "Eurostat gov_10a_exp (General government expenditure by function, COFOG), S13, na_item TE, MIO_EUR, updated 2026-09-16, 2024 flagged provisional",
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?geo=DE&sector=S13&unit=MIO_EUR&na_item=TE&time=2024&cofog99=TOTAL&cofog99=GF01&cofog99=GF0107&cofog99=GF02&cofog99=GF03&cofog99=GF04&cofog99=GF05&cofog99=GF06&cofog99=GF07&cofog99=GF08&cofog99=GF09&cofog99=GF10&cofog99=GF1001&cofog99=GF1002&cofog99=GF1003&cofog99=GF1004&cofog99=GF1005&cofog99=GF1006&cofog99=GF1007&cofog99=GF1008&cofog99=GF1009",
      "location": "GF0107, DE, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF0107: 49280 million EUR, 1.138% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Public debt transactions, part of GF01"
  },
  {
    "id": "de-running-2024",
    "label": "Germany: running the State, % of GDP",
    "value": 5.281,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General public services other than debt interest.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "General public services − debt interest",
      "inputs": [
        "de-gf01-pc-2024",
        "de-gf0107-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-d61rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Social contributions, % of GDP",
    "value": 7.976,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social contributions of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators, DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12 v1.1 ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=C TRANSACTION=D61",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12,1.1/A.GBR+USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2023&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "D61REC, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D61REC: 230526 million GBP, 7.976% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-d2rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Taxes on production, % of GDP",
    "value": 11.881,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes on production of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators, DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12 v1.1 ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=C TRANSACTION=D2",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12,1.1/A.GBR+USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2023&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "D2REC, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D2REC: 343378 million GBP, 11.881% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-d5rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Taxes on income and wealth, % of GDP",
    "value": 16.345,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes on income and wealth of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators, DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12 v1.1 ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=C TRANSACTION=D5",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12,1.1/A.GBR+USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2023&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "D5REC, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D5REC: 472409 million GBP, 16.345% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-d91rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Capital taxes, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.282,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Capital taxes of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators, DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12 v1.1 ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=C TRANSACTION=D91",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12,1.1/A.GBR+USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2023&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "D91REC, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D91REC: 8160 million GBP, 0.282% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-other_revenue-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Sales and other revenue, % of GDP",
    "value": 3.748,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sales and other revenue of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators, DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12 v1.1",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12,1.1/A.GBR+USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2023&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "other_revenue, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "other_revenue: 108339 million GBP, 3.748% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "OTR minus D2,D5,D61,D91 = P1O(P11+P12+P131) 71758.000 + D4 24912.000 + D7 5854.000 + D9-D91 5815.000 + D39 0.000"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-borrowing-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: borrowing, % of GDP",
    "value": 6.04,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The deficit: spending not covered by revenue.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "− Net lending",
      "inputs": [
        "uk-b9-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-b9-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Net lending, % of GDP",
    "value": -6.04,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net lending of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators, DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12 v1.1 TRANSACTION=B9",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12,1.1/A.GBR+USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2023&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "B9, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "B9: -174577 million GBP, -6.04% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-te-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Public spending, % of GDP",
    "value": 46.272,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Public spending of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators, DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12,1.1/A.GBR+USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2023&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "TE, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "TE: 1337389 million GBP, 46.272% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf10-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Social protection, % of GDP",
    "value": 15.864,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social protection of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF10",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF10, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF10: 458500 million GBP, 15.864% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf07-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Health, % of GDP",
    "value": 8.76,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Health of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF07",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF07, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF07: 253191 million GBP, 8.76% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf01-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: General public services, % of GDP",
    "value": 6.027,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General public services of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF01",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF01, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF01: 174210 million GBP, 6.027% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Table 11 total OTE = 1330532 vs Table 12 OTE = 1337389 (the two OECD tables carry different vintages of the UK data; D1, P2 and D4 also differ); residual 6857 is not allocated to a function"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf04-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Economic affairs, % of GDP",
    "value": 3.971,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Economic affairs of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF04",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF04, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF04: 114780 million GBP, 3.971% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf09-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Education, % of GDP",
    "value": 4.883,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Education of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF09",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF09, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF09: 141118 million GBP, 4.883% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-amenities-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: housing, environment and culture, % of GDP",
    "value": 2.123,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Housing and community amenities, environmental protection, recreation and culture.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Housing and community amenities + environmental protection + recreation and culture",
      "inputs": [
        "uk-gf05-pc-2024",
        "uk-gf06-pc-2024",
        "uk-gf08-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf05-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Environmental protection, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.751,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Environmental protection of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF05",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF05, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF05: 21703 million GBP, 0.751% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf06-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Housing and community amenities, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.737,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Housing and community amenities of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF06",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF06, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF06: 21315 million GBP, 0.737% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf08-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Recreation and culture, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.635,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Recreation and culture of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF08",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF08, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF08: 18346 million GBP, 0.635% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf02-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Defence, % of GDP",
    "value": 2.254,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Defence of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF02",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF02, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF02: 65134 million GBP, 2.254% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf03-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Public order, % of GDP",
    "value": 2.153,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Public order of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF03",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF03, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF03: 62235 million GBP, 2.153% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf1002-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Old age, % of GDP",
    "value": 8.52,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Old age of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF1002",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF1002, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1002: 246246 million GBP, 8.52% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf1003-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Survivors, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.047,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Survivors of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF1003",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF1003, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1003: 1367 million GBP, 0.047% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf1001-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Sickness and disability, % of GDP",
    "value": 2.534,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sickness and disability of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF1001",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF1001, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1001: 73245 million GBP, 2.534% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf1004-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Family, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.334,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Family of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF1004",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF1004, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1004: 38556 million GBP, 1.334% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf1005-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Unemployment, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.047,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Unemployment of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF1005",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF1005, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1005: 1348 million GBP, 0.047% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-social-other-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: other social protection, % of GDP",
    "value": 3.3820000000000014,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social protection other than old age, survivors, sickness and disability, family and unemployment: housing benefits, minimum incomes and the rest.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social protection − the listed parts",
      "inputs": [
        "uk-gf10-pc-2024",
        "uk-gf1001-pc-2024",
        "uk-gf1002-pc-2024",
        "uk-gf1003-pc-2024",
        "uk-gf1004-pc-2024",
        "uk-gf1005-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-gf0107-pc-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: Debt interest, % of GDP",
    "value": 2.88,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Debt interest of general government in United Kingdom, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF0107",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.GBR.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2024&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF0107, UK, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF0107: 83231 million GBP, 2.88% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Public debt transactions, part of GF01 (= D4 paid 83119 + P2 112)"
  },
  {
    "id": "uk-running-2024",
    "label": "United Kingdom: running the State, % of GDP",
    "value": 3.1470000000000002,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General public services other than debt interest.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "General public services − debt interest",
      "inputs": [
        "uk-gf01-pc-2024",
        "uk-gf0107-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-d61rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Social contributions, % of GDP",
    "value": 6.586,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social contributions of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators, DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12 v1.1 ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=C TRANSACTION=D61",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12,1.1/A.GBR+USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2023&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "D61REC, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D61REC: 1929607.763 million USD, 6.586% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-d2rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Taxes on production, % of GDP",
    "value": 6.672,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes on production of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators, DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12 v1.1 ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=C TRANSACTION=D2",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12,1.1/A.GBR+USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2023&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "D2REC, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D2REC: 1954685.245 million USD, 6.672% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-d5rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Taxes on income and wealth, % of GDP",
    "value": 12.597,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes on income and wealth of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators, DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12 v1.1 ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=C TRANSACTION=D5",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12,1.1/A.GBR+USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2023&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "D5REC, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D5REC: 3690780.788 million USD, 12.597% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-d91rec-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Capital taxes, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.151,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Capital taxes of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators, DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12 v1.1 ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=C TRANSACTION=D91",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12,1.1/A.GBR+USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2023&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "D91REC, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "D91REC: 44160.794 million USD, 0.151% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-other_revenue-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Sales and other revenue, % of GDP",
    "value": 5.521,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sales and other revenue of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators, DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12 v1.1",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12,1.1/A.GBR+USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2023&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "other_revenue, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "other_revenue: 1617499.003 million USD, 5.521% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "OTR minus D2,D5,D61,D91 = P1O(P11+P12+P131) 1134952.182 + D4 192904.375 + D7 284384.494 + D9-D91 5257.950 + D39 0.000"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-borrowing-2024",
    "label": "United States: borrowing, % of GDP",
    "value": 8.04,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The deficit: spending not covered by revenue.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "− Net lending",
      "inputs": [
        "us-b9-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-b9-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Net lending, % of GDP",
    "value": -8.04,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net lending of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators, DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12 v1.1 TRANSACTION=B9",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12,1.1/A.GBR+USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2023&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "B9, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "B9: -2355439.653 million USD, -8.04% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-te-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Public spending, % of GDP",
    "value": 39.566,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Public spending of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government non-financial accounts and key indicators, DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE12,1.1/A.GBR+USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2023&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "TE, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "TE: 11592173.245 million USD, 39.566% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-gf10-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Social protection, % of GDP",
    "value": 7.798,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social protection of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF10",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2022&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF10, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF10: 2284747.742 million USD, 7.798% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "OECD gives no GF10 breakdown for the US; GF1001/GF1002/GF1005 come from BEA Table 3.16 (current expenditure only, Sep 2026 vintage). BEA income security 2024 = 2267452 (disability 367306 + retirement 1333239 + welfare and social services 400276 + unemployment 36406 + other 130224) vs OECD GF10 2284747.742; GF10 minus those three = 547796.742 ('other social protection', includes welfare and social services, BEA 'other' and the 17295.742 OECD-BEA gap)"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-gf07-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Health, % of GDP",
    "value": 10.279,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Health of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF07",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2022&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF07, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF07: 3011464.429 million USD, 10.279% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-gf01-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: General public services, % of GDP",
    "value": 6.852,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General public services of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF01",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2022&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF01, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF01: 2007399.057 million USD, 6.852% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Table 11 total OTE = 11593448.861 vs Table 12 OTE = 11592173.245; residual -1275.616"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-gf04-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Economic affairs, % of GDP",
    "value": 3.338,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Economic affairs of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF04",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2022&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF04, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF04: 977880.092 million USD, 3.338% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-gf09-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Education, % of GDP",
    "value": 5.595,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Education of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF09",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2022&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF09, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF09: 1639217.165 million USD, 5.595% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-amenities-2024",
    "label": "United States: housing, environment and culture, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.8,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Housing and community amenities, environmental protection, recreation and culture.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Housing and community amenities + environmental protection + recreation and culture",
      "inputs": [
        "us-gf06-pc-2024",
        "us-gf08-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Some of these functions are not published separately."
  },
  {
    "id": "us-gf06-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Housing and community amenities, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.546,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Housing and community amenities of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF06",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2022&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF06, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF06: 159975.763 million USD, 0.546% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-gf08-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Recreation and culture, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.254,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Recreation and culture of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF08",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2022&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF08, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF08: 74322.066 million USD, 0.254% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-gf02-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Defence, % of GDP",
    "value": 3.109,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Defence of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF02",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2022&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF02, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF02: 911016.878 million USD, 3.109% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-gf03-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Public order, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.8,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Public order of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=OTE EXPENDITURE=GF03",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2022&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF03, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF03: 527425.669 million USD, 1.8% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-gf1002-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Old age, % of GDP",
    "value": 4.551,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Old age of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "BEA NIPA Table 3.16 Government Current Expenditures by Function (sheet T31600-A), published 2026-09-30 line 38 Retirement (G16036)",
      "url": "https://apps.bea.gov/national/Release/XLS/Survey/Section3All_xls.xlsx",
      "location": "GF1002, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1002: 1333239 million USD, 4.551% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Not COFOG. Social insurance funds: OASDI (old age, survivors AND disability insurance) and railroad retirement; excludes government-employee retirement plans (BEA footnote 5). Survivors (GF1003) are inside this figure"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-gf1001-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Sickness and disability, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.254,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sickness and disability of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "BEA NIPA Table 3.16 Government Current Expenditures by Function (sheet T31600-A), published 2026-09-30 line 37 Disability (G16035)",
      "url": "https://apps.bea.gov/national/Release/XLS/Survey/Section3All_xls.xlsx",
      "location": "GF1001, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1001: 367306 million USD, 1.254% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Not COFOG. Excludes Social Security Disability Insurance, which BEA puts in Retirement"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-gf1005-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Unemployment, % of GDP",
    "value": 0.124,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Unemployment of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "BEA NIPA Table 3.16 Government Current Expenditures by Function (sheet T31600-A), published 2026-09-30 line 40 Unemployment (G16038)",
      "url": "https://apps.bea.gov/national/Release/XLS/Survey/Section3All_xls.xlsx",
      "location": "GF1005, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF1005: 36406 million USD, 0.124% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Not COFOG"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-social-other-2024",
    "label": "United States: other social protection, % of GDP",
    "value": 1.8690000000000007,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social protection other than old age, survivors, sickness and disability, family and unemployment: housing benefits, minimum incomes and the rest.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social protection − the listed parts",
      "inputs": [
        "us-gf10-pc-2024",
        "us-gf1001-pc-2024",
        "us-gf1002-pc-2024",
        "us-gf1005-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-gf0107-pc-2024",
    "label": "United States: Debt interest, % of GDP",
    "value": 4.726,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Debt interest of general government in United States, 2024, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "OECD Annual government expenditure by function (COFOG), DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11 v1.1 TRANSACTION=D4 EXPENDITURE=GF01",
      "url": "https://sdmx.oecd.org/public/rest/data/OECD.SDD.NAD,DSD_NASEC10@DF_TABLE11,1.1/A.USA.S13......XDC....?startPeriod=2022&endPeriod=2024&format=csvfile",
      "location": "GF0107, US, 2024",
      "published": "2026",
      "quote": "GF0107: 1384602.216 million USD, 4.726% of GDP"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Proxy: OECD gives no GF0107 for the US; this is property income paid (D4) within GF01, which equals all of general government D4 (Table 12 D4 = D41). Excludes debt-management fees. NIPA interest includes interest accrued on actuarial liabilities of government-employee DB pension plans (BEA Table 3.16 footnote 2), which ESA countries do not record. BEA Table 3.16 'Interest payments' 2024 = 1400771 (Sep 2026 vintage)"
  },
  {
    "id": "us-running-2024",
    "label": "United States: running the State, % of GDP",
    "value": 2.1260000000000003,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General public services other than debt interest.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "General public services − debt interest",
      "inputs": [
        "us-gf01-pc-2024",
        "us-gf0107-pc-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-borrowing",
    "label": "Borrowing",
    "value": 151920.3,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The deficit: the part of public spending not covered by revenue, financed by issuing debt.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "− Net lending",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-b9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-b9",
    "label": "Net lending",
    "value": -151920.3,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Revenue minus expenditure of general government.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "B9"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=B9&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-dmtg-2023",
    "label": "Inheritance and gift duties",
    "value": 20815,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes on capital transfers (ESA D.91A): inheritance and gift duties.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_taxag",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13_S212",
        "na_item": "D91A"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_taxag?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13_S212&na_item=D91A&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other-revenue",
    "label": "Other revenue",
    "value": 156294.5,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Public revenue that Insee does not attribute as a levy: sales of services and fees, property income, transfers received and capital taxes other than inheritance and gift duties; transfers from the rest of the world and those duties are drawn apart.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Public revenue − Taxes on production and imports − Taxes on income and wealth − Social contributions − International cooperation from the EU − Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan) − Inheritance and gift duties",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tr",
        "dna-2023-d2rec",
        "dna-2023-d5rec",
        "dna-2023-d61rec",
        "dna-2023-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2023-row-d9rec_s2",
        "capital-dmtg-2023"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tr",
    "label": "Public revenue",
    "value": 1456350.5,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Total revenue of general government. General government (S13): the State, local authorities and the social security funds, consolidated so that transfers between them cancel out.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TR"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TR&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-row-d74rec_s212",
    "label": "International cooperation from the EU",
    "value": 3017,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D74REC_S212"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D74REC_S212&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-row-d9rec_s2",
    "label": "Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
    "value": 9245,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D9REC_S2"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D9REC_S2&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-bdf-dividend-2015-2022",
    "label": "Dividends paid by the Banque de France, 2015 to 2022",
    "value": 15.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Dividends the Banque de France paid the State over 2015 to 2022.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Banque de France",
      "title": "Banque de France",
      "url": "https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/2025-03/Blog-ABQ-pertes-2025.pdf",
      "location": "Billet de blog d'Agnès Bénassy-Quéré, March 2025, citing the Rapport annuel 2024, p. 117; raw/bdf_blog_abq_pertes_2025.pdf",
      "published": "March 2025",
      "quote": "From 2015 to 2022 the Bank paid the State €16.3bn of corporate tax and €15.5bn of dividends."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-bdf-tax-2015-2022",
    "label": "Corporate tax paid by the Banque de France, 2015 to 2022",
    "value": 16.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Corporate tax the Banque de France paid the State over 2015 to 2022.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Banque de France",
      "title": "Banque de France",
      "url": "https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/2025-03/Blog-ABQ-pertes-2025.pdf",
      "location": "Billet de blog d'Agnès Bénassy-Quéré, March 2025, citing the Rapport annuel 2024, p. 117; raw/bdf_blog_abq_pertes_2025.pdf",
      "published": "March 2025",
      "quote": "From 2015 to 2022 the Bank paid the State €16.3bn of corporate tax and €15.5bn of dividends."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-held-residents",
    "label": "Share of public debt held by other lenders in France",
    "value": 28.168821374909985,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A holder's average holdings of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders'.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "((Public debt held in France, end 2022 + Public debt held in France, end 2023) − (Public debt held by the central bank, end 2022 + Public debt held by the central bank, end 2023)) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2022 + Public debt, all holders, end 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2022-debt-s1",
        "dna-2023-debt-s1",
        "dna-2022-debt-s121",
        "dna-2023-debt-s121",
        "dna-2022-debt-s1_s2",
        "dna-2023-debt-s1_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Interest split by the average of the holdings at the start and end of the year: Eurostat does not publish interest paid by government by holder. Holders of older, low-coupon bonds receive less than their share of the stock. The Banque de France bought most of its holdings in 2015 to 2022 at low coupons; the Eurosystem stopped reinvesting maturing bonds of its asset purchase programme (APP) in July 2023 and of its pandemic programme (PEPP) at the end of 2024 (ECB), so its share of the stock falls."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2022-debt-s1",
    "label": "Public debt held in France, end 2022",
    "value": 1520747,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S1"
      },
      "time": 2022,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S1&time=2022"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-debt-s1",
    "label": "Public debt held in France, end 2023",
    "value": 1514617,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S1"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S1&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2022-debt-s121",
    "label": "Public debt held by the central bank, end 2022",
    "value": 667717,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S121"
      },
      "time": 2022,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S121&time=2022"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-debt-s121",
    "label": "Public debt held by the central bank, end 2023",
    "value": 660930,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S121"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S121&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-held-bdf",
    "label": "Share of public debt held by the Banque de France",
    "value": 21.928896245429108,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A holder's average holdings of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders'.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Public debt held by the central bank, end 2022 + Public debt held by the central bank, end 2023) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2022 + Public debt, all holders, end 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2022-debt-s121",
        "dna-2023-debt-s121",
        "dna-2022-debt-s1_s2",
        "dna-2023-debt-s1_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Interest split by the average of the holdings at the start and end of the year: Eurostat does not publish interest paid by government by holder. Holders of older, low-coupon bonds receive less than their share of the stock. The Banque de France bought most of its holdings in 2015 to 2022 at low coupons; the Eurosystem stopped reinvesting maturing bonds of its asset purchase programme (APP) in July 2023 and of its pandemic programme (PEPP) at the end of 2024 (ECB), so its share of the stock falls."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-held-abroad",
    "label": "Share of public debt held outside France",
    "value": 49.90228237966089,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A holder's average holdings of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders'.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2022 + Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2023) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2022 + Public debt, all holders, end 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2022-debt-s2",
        "dna-2023-debt-s2",
        "dna-2022-debt-s1_s2",
        "dna-2023-debt-s1_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Interest split by the average of the holdings at the start and end of the year: Eurostat does not publish interest paid by government by holder. Holders of older, low-coupon bonds receive less than their share of the stock. The Banque de France bought most of its holdings in 2015 to 2022 at low coupons; the Eurosystem stopped reinvesting maturing bonds of its asset purchase programme (APP) in July 2023 and of its pandemic programme (PEPP) at the end of 2024 (ECB), so its share of the stock falls."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-takeup-bdf",
    "label": "Share of net borrowing from the Banque de France",
    "value": -4.597970578950004,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A holder's net take-up of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders': the change in its holdings at face value.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Public debt held by the central bank, end 2023 − Public debt held by the central bank, end 2022) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2023 − Public debt, all holders, end 2022) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2022-debt-s121",
        "dna-2023-debt-s121",
        "dna-2022-debt-s1_s2",
        "dna-2023-debt-s1_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Net take-up at face value: the change in what each sector holds over the year, which also moves when bonds change hands between sectors. Eurostat does not publish government debt transactions by holder; changes at face value carry no market revaluation, so they are the closest published measure. The total change in debt differs from the deficit by the stock-flow adjustment (cash buffers, premiums and discounts at issue), so the shares, not the amounts, are applied to the deficit."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-takeup-residents",
    "label": "Share of net borrowing from other lenders in France",
    "value": 0.4450960174407179,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A holder's net take-up of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders': the change in its holdings at face value.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "((Public debt held in France, end 2023 − Public debt held in France, end 2022) − (Public debt held by the central bank, end 2023 − Public debt held by the central bank, end 2022)) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2023 − Public debt, all holders, end 2022) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2022-debt-s1",
        "dna-2023-debt-s1",
        "dna-2022-debt-s121",
        "dna-2023-debt-s121",
        "dna-2022-debt-s1_s2",
        "dna-2023-debt-s1_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Net take-up at face value: the change in what each sector holds over the year, which also moves when bonds change hands between sectors. Eurostat does not publish government debt transactions by holder; changes at face value carry no market revaluation, so they are the closest published measure. The total change in debt differs from the deficit by the stock-flow adjustment (cash buffers, premiums and discounts at issue), so the shares, not the amounts, are applied to the deficit."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-abroad-listed",
    "label": "Outside France, Corporate tax, at the CAC 40 share",
    "value": 39.27446138952165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate tax borne outside France if every French company were held abroad as much as the CAC 40's are: the upper end of the range.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Share of CAC 40 companies held outside France ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2023-cac40-abroad"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-cac40-abroad",
    "label": "Share of CAC 40 companies held outside France",
    "value": 49.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Shares of the French companies of the CAC 40 held by non-residents, at market value, as a share of their market capitalisation, at the end of the year.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Banque de France",
      "title": "La détention des actions des sociétés françaises du CAC 40 par les non-résidents est restée stable en 2023, Bulletin de la Banque de France 255/5",
      "url": "https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/2024-12/BDF255-5_CAC-40.pdf",
      "location": "p. 1; raw/bdf_bulletin_255-5_cac40.pdf",
      "published": "December 2024",
      "quote": "Fin 2023, les non-résidents détenaient 1 093 milliards d'euros d'actions des sociétés françaises du CAC 40, sur une capitalisation boursière totale de 2 207 milliards d'euros, soit un taux de détention de 49,5 %."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Listed shares of the 35 French CAC 40 companies only."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, allocated capital income",
    "value": 215.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net financial income, rents, actual and imputed, and the profits companies keep, attributed to the group by Insee, 2023. Private income: it does not pass through general government.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Net financial income + Top 10%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 10%, Profits kept in companies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d10",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d10",
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 100.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns U and V (V19 + V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V19: 10.5; row 10, V20: 90.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-d1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 20,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d1",
        "dna-people-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-d1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 80,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d1",
        "dna-people-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-d1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 10,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d1",
        "dna-people-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 1.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns C and D (V1 + V2), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V1: 0.7; row 10, V2: 0.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d1-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D1, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 1140,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D1, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d1",
    "label": "Living standard at D1, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 13730,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 5 “1er décile (D1)”, column AF (2023), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-d2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d2",
        "dna-people-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-people-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, people",
    "value": 6800000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(V3, Individuals, millions, Insee + V4, Individuals, millions, Insee) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v3",
    "label": "V3, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column E (V3)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v4",
    "label": "V4, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column F (V4)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-d2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 90,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d2",
        "dna-people-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-d2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 10,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d2",
        "dna-people-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 0.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns E and F (V3 + V4), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V3: 0.4; row 10, V4: 0.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-d2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1970,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-d2",
        "dna-people-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, transfers received",
    "value": 160.96996477118353,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 10–20%, Pensions + Bottom 10–20%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 10–20%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 10–20%, Health care + Bottom 10–20%, Education + Bottom 10–20%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 10–20%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 10–20%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d2",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d2",
        "dna-2023-pensions-d2",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d2",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d2",
        "dna-2023-health-d2",
        "dna-2023-education-d2",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d2",
        "dna-2023-culture-d2",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.8685539209505326,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d2",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.5253439346235291,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d2",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Pensions",
    "value": 21.11490447968775,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Bottom 10–20%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d2",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 5.335368330612435,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Bottom 10–20%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d2",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 19.634990553314765,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Bottom 10–20%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d2",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Health care",
    "value": 33.62404240687679,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Bottom 10–20%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d2",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Education",
    "value": 16.79651022638563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Bottom 10–20%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d2",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 20.741060893400462,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Bottom 10–20%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d2",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.141699999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Bottom 10–20%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d2",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Collective services",
    "value": 34.18749002533162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Bottom 10–20%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d2",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-d2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 510,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-d2",
        "dna-people-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, levies paid",
    "value": 41.679413718203094,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on products + Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on production + Bottom 10–20%, Corporate tax + Bottom 10–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 10–20%, CSG on capital income + Bottom 10–20%, Income tax + Bottom 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 10–20%, Pension contributions + Bottom 10–20%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d2-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d2",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d2-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d2",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d2",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d2",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d2",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d2",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d2-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 20.18534223303951,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d2",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 21.114504478280345,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d2",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 4.106026238731205,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d2",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d2-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.4874911999167422,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d2",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.6095442733018531,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Bottom 10–20%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d2",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 3.297008194586698,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, CSG − Bottom 10–20%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-d2",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, CSG",
    "value": 3.766232243333417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Bottom 10–20%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d2",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.46922404874671897,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Bottom 10–20%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€265m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€410m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.7799481465002644,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Bottom 10–20%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Bottom 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d2",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d2",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Income tax",
    "value": 0.10182117441116736,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Bottom 10–20%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d2",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.41026045614797874,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d2",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 8.359687216277523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Bottom 10–20%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d2",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Other contributions",
    "value": 4.2625529563455515,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Bottom 10–20%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d2",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d2-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D2, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 1440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D2, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d2",
    "label": "Living standard at D2, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 17330,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 6 “2e décile (D2)”, column AF (2023), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-d3-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 40,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d3",
        "dna-people-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-people-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, people",
    "value": 6800000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(V5, Individuals, millions, Insee + V6, Individuals, millions, Insee) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v5",
    "label": "V5, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column G (V5)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v6",
    "label": "V6, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column H (V6)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-d3-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 130,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d3",
        "dna-people-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-d3-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 20,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d3",
        "dna-people-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 1.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns G and H (V5 + V6), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V5: 0.5; row 10, V6: 0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-d3-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1890,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-d3",
        "dna-people-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, transfers received",
    "value": 153.98027065844477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 20–30%, Pensions + Bottom 20–30%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 20–30%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 20–30%, Health care + Bottom 20–30%, Education + Bottom 20–30%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 20–30%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 20–30%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d3",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d3",
        "dna-2023-pensions-d3",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d3",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d3",
        "dna-2023-health-d3",
        "dna-2023-education-d3",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d3",
        "dna-2023-culture-d3",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.144879201018428,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d3",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 2.3573497171454543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d3",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Pensions",
    "value": 31.811882520058198,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Bottom 20–30%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d3",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 4.773750611600599,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Bottom 20–30%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d3",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 14.982149189970036,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Bottom 20–30%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d3",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Health care",
    "value": 28.61620630372493,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Bottom 20–30%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d3",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Education",
    "value": 16.465000156128024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Bottom 20–30%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d3",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 13.055757080220825,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Bottom 20–30%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d3",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.141699999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Bottom 20–30%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d3",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Collective services",
    "value": 33.63159587857827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Bottom 20–30%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d3",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-d3-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 690,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-d3",
        "dna-people-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, levies paid",
    "value": 56.64404657640843,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products + Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on production + Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax + Bottom 20–30%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 20–30%, CSG on capital income + Bottom 20–30%, Income tax + Bottom 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 20–30%, Pension contributions + Bottom 20–30%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d3-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d3",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d3-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d3",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d3",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d3",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d3",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d3",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d3-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.24662636316872,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d3",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 24.31670420958352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d3",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 6.309259830245512,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d3",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d3-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.6499882665556563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d3",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.8127256977358042,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d3",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 5.929817097694249,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, CSG − Bottom 20–30%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-d3",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, CSG",
    "value": 6.616353940991138,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Bottom 20–30%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d3",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.686536843296889,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Bottom 20–30%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€378m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€601m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.067431816687495,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Bottom 20–30%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Bottom 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d3",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d3",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Bottom 20–30%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d3",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7179557982589627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d3",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 12.539530824416284,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Bottom 20–30%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d3",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Other contributions",
    "value": 6.56433155277215,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Bottom 20–30%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d3",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d3-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D3, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 1720,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D3, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d3",
    "label": "Living standard at D3, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 20610,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 7 “3e décile (D3)”, column AF (2023), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-d4-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 50,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d4",
        "dna-people-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-people-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, people",
    "value": 6800000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(V7, Individuals, millions, Insee + V8, Individuals, millions, Insee) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v7",
    "label": "V7, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column I (V7)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v8",
    "label": "V8, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column J (V8)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-d4-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 150,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d4",
        "dna-people-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-d4-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 10,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d4",
        "dna-people-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 1.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns I and J (V7 + V8), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V7: 0.5; row 10, V8: 0.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-d4-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1900,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-d4",
        "dna-people-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, transfers received",
    "value": 155.2166749726493,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 30–40%, Pensions + Bottom 30–40%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 30–40%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 30–40%, Health care + Bottom 30–40%, Education + Bottom 30–40%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 30–40%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 30–40%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d4",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d4",
        "dna-2023-pensions-d4",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d4",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d4",
        "dna-2023-health-d4",
        "dna-2023-education-d4",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d4",
        "dna-2023-culture-d4",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.283041841052376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d4",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.1893554996673785,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d4",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Pensions",
    "value": 33.76524372743019,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Bottom 30–40%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d4",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 4.492941752094682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Bottom 30–40%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d4",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 13.12101264463214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Bottom 30–40%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d4",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Health care",
    "value": 32.6701688634193,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Bottom 30–40%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d4",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Education",
    "value": 14.25493302107728,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Bottom 30–40%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d4",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 11.944628818074374,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Bottom 30–40%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d4",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.141699999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Bottom 30–40%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d4",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Collective services",
    "value": 33.35364880520158,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Bottom 30–40%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d4",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-d4-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-d4",
        "dna-people-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, levies paid",
    "value": 71.8463048776282,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on products + Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on production + Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax + Bottom 30–40%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 30–40%, CSG on capital income + Bottom 30–40%, Income tax + Bottom 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 30–40%, Pension contributions + Bottom 30–40%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d4-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d4",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d4-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d4",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d4",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d4",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d4",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d4",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d4-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 25.82958484796525,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d4",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27.018560232870584,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d4",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 8.21205247746241,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d4",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d4-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.5687397332361992,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d4",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.7111349855188286,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d4",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 8.555323794538278,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, CSG − Bottom 30–40%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-d4",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, CSG",
    "value": 9.364685578018225,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Bottom 30–40%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d4",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.8093617834799471,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Bottom 30–40%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€479m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€685m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.7951160982538195,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Bottom 30–40%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Bottom 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d4",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d4",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Income tax",
    "value": 0.40728469764466946,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Bottom 30–40%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d4",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.0256511403699469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d4",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 17.231192017225098,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Bottom 30–40%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d4",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Other contributions",
    "value": 9.207114385706392,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Bottom 30–40%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d4",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d4-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D4, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 1960,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D4, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d4",
    "label": "Living standard at D4, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 23490,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 8 “4e décile (D4)”, column AF (2023), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-d5-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 50,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d5",
        "dna-people-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-people-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, people",
    "value": 6800000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(V9, Individuals, millions, Insee + V10, Individuals, millions, Insee) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v9",
    "label": "V9, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column K (V9)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v10",
    "label": "V10, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column L (V10)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-d5-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d5",
        "dna-people-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-d5-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 20,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d5",
        "dna-people-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 1.2999999999999998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns K and L (V9 + V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V9: 0.7; row 10, V10: 0.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-d5-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1760,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-d5",
        "dna-people-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, transfers received",
    "value": 143.7026031090753,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 40–50%, Pensions + Bottom 40–50%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 40–50%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 40–50%, Health care + Bottom 40–50%, Education + Bottom 40–50%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 40–50%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 40–50%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d5",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d5",
        "dna-2023-pensions-d5",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d5",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d5",
        "dna-2023-health-d5",
        "dna-2023-education-d5",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d5",
        "dna-2023-culture-d5",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.144879201018428,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d5",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.7440260213486622,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d5",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Pensions",
    "value": 36.27670813690847,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Bottom 40–50%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d5",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 4.305735845757403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Bottom 40–50%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d5",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 12.0973875446963,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Bottom 40–50%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d5",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Health care",
    "value": 23.250667621776508,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Bottom 40–50%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d5",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Education",
    "value": 13.59191288056206,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Bottom 40–50%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d5",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 9.62977827193593,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Bottom 40–50%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d5",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.141699999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Bottom 40–50%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d5",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Collective services",
    "value": 32.51980758507154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Bottom 40–50%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d5",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-d5-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1040,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-d5",
        "dna-people-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, levies paid",
    "value": 85.02217869260663,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on products + Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on production + Bottom 40–50%, Corporate tax + Bottom 40–50%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 40–50%, CSG on capital income + Bottom 40–50%, Income tax + Bottom 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 40–50%, Pension contributions + Bottom 40–50%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d5-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d5",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d5-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d5",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d5",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d5",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d5",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d5",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d5-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27.360226913029855,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d5",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 28.61966009852217,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d5",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 9.914551161814376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d5",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d5-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.6499882665556563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d5",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.8127256977358042,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Bottom 40–50%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d5",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 10.383644248197312,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, CSG − Bottom 40–50%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-d5",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, CSG",
    "value": 11.29869673000025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Bottom 40–50%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d5",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.9150524818029389,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Bottom 40–50%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€542m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€777m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.42128745858816,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Bottom 40–50%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Bottom 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d5",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d5",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Income tax",
    "value": 1.221854092934008,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Bottom 40–50%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d5",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.2307813684439364,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d5",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 21.240429763807175,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Bottom 40–50%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d5",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Other contributions",
    "value": 12.105650396021366,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Bottom 40–50%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d5",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d5-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D5, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 2190,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D5, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d5",
    "label": "Living standard at D5, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 26280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 9 “Médiane (D5)”, column AF (2023), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-d6-pp",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 70,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d6",
        "dna-people-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-people-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, people",
    "value": 6800000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(V11, Individuals, millions, Insee + V12, Individuals, millions, Insee) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v11",
    "label": "V11, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column M (V11)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v12",
    "label": "V12, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column N (V12)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-d6-pp",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 200,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d6",
        "dna-people-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-d6-pp",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d6",
        "dna-people-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 2.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns M and N (V11 + V12), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V11: 1; row 10, V12: 1.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-d6-pp",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1800,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-d6",
        "dna-people-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, transfers received",
    "value": 147.11578217578133,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Subsidies on products + Top 40–50%, Subsidies on production + Top 40–50%, Pensions + Top 40–50%, Unemployment benefits + Top 40–50%, Other cash benefits + Top 40–50%, Health care + Top 40–50%, Education + Top 40–50%, Social care and housing aid + Top 40–50%, Culture and leisure + Top 40–50%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d6",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d6",
        "dna-2023-pensions-d6",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d6",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d6",
        "dna-2023-health-d6",
        "dna-2023-education-d6",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d6",
        "dna-2023-culture-d6",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.283041841052376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 40–50%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d6",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.5760318038705865,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 40–50%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d6",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Pensions",
    "value": 40.555499353056646,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 40–50%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d6",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.2761033609023724,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 40–50%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d6",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.166819272027354,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 40–50%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d6",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Health care",
    "value": 25.277648901623692,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 40–50%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d6",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Education",
    "value": 12.707886026541763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 40–50%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d6",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 8.611244031635014,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 40–50%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d6",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.141699999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 40–50%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d6",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Collective services",
    "value": 32.51980758507154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 40–50%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d6",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-d6-pp",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-d6",
        "dna-people-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, levies paid",
    "value": 99.03367507123123,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Taxes on products + Top 40–50%, Taxes on production + Top 40–50%, Corporate tax + Top 40–50%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 40–50%, CSG on capital income + Top 40–50%, Income tax + Top 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 40–50%, Pension contributions + Top 40–50%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d6-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d6",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d6-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d6",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d6",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d6",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d6",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d6",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d6-resident",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 30.612841301292143,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d6",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 32.0219973130318,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 40–50%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d6",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 11.316608901868936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 40–50%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d6",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d6-resident",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.1374794664723984,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d6",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.4222699710376572,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 40–50%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d6",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 12.111300009832425,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, CSG − Top 40–50%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-d6",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, CSG",
    "value": 13.232707881982275,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 40–50%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d6",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.1214078721498513,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 40–50%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€744m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€964m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.643853280709715,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 40–50%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d6",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d6",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.647350534690351,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 40–50%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d6",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.5384767105549202,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d6",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 24.226032341049144,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 40–50%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d6",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Other contributions",
    "value": 14.322177933321056,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 40–50%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d6",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d6-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D6, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 2440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D6, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d6",
    "label": "Living standard at D6, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 29230,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 10 “6e décile (D6)”, column AF (2023), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-d7-pp",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 90,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d7",
        "dna-people-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-people-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, people",
    "value": 6800000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(V13, Individuals, millions, Insee + V14, Individuals, millions, Insee) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v13",
    "label": "V13, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column O (V13)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v14",
    "label": "V14, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column P (V14)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-d7-pp",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d7",
        "dna-people-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-d7-pp",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d7",
        "dna-people-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 2.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns O and P (V13 + V14), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V13: 1.2; row 10, V14: 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-d7-pp",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1810,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-d7",
        "dna-people-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, transfers received",
    "value": 147.9992173980835,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Subsidies on products + Top 30–40%, Subsidies on production + Top 30–40%, Pensions + Top 30–40%, Unemployment benefits + Top 30–40%, Other cash benefits + Top 30–40%, Health care + Top 30–40%, Education + Top 30–40%, Social care and housing aid + Top 30–40%, Culture and leisure + Top 30–40%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d7",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d7",
        "dna-2023-pensions-d7",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d7",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d7",
        "dna-2023-health-d7",
        "dna-2023-education-d7",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d7",
        "dna-2023-culture-d7",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.421204481086323,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 30–40%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d7",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.408037586392512,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 30–40%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d7",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Pensions",
    "value": 41.578688556918166,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 30–40%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d7",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.55691222040829,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 30–40%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d7",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 10.980705617493562,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 30–40%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d7",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Health care",
    "value": 25.75458567335244,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 30–40%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d7",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Education",
    "value": 12.044865886026537,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 30–40%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d7",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 7.592709791334096,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 30–40%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d7",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.141699999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 30–40%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d7",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Collective services",
    "value": 32.51980758507154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 30–40%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d7",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-d7-pp",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1450,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-d7",
        "dna-people-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, levies paid",
    "value": 118.65975897231246,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Taxes on products + Top 30–40%, Taxes on production + Top 30–40%, Corporate tax + Top 30–40%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 30–40%, CSG on capital income + Top 30–40%, Income tax + Top 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 30–40%, Pension contributions + Top 30–40%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d7-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d7",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d7-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d7",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d7",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d7",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d7",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d7",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d7-resident",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 32.71747414075598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d7",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 34.223509628302736,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 30–40%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d7",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.720136456248177,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 30–40%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d7",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d7-resident",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.2187279997918556,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d7",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.5238606832546329,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 30–40%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d7",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 14.644544147619444,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, CSG − Top 30–40%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-d7",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, CSG",
    "value": 15.981039519009363,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 30–40%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d7",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.3364953713899197,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 30–40%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€945m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.1bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 7.91815304527818,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 30–40%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d7",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d7",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.581952848502531,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 30–40%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d7",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.7436069386289097,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d7",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 30.367843357089775,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 30–40%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d7",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Other contributions",
    "value": 18.328977712285873,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 30–40%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d7",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d7-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 2740,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d7",
    "label": "Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 32920,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 11 “7e décile (D7)”, column AF (2023), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-d8-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 130,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d8",
        "dna-people-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-people-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, people",
    "value": 6800000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(V15, Individuals, millions, Insee + V16, Individuals, millions, Insee) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v16"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v15",
    "label": "V15, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column Q (V15)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v16",
    "label": "V16, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column R (V16)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-d8-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 250,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d8",
        "dna-people-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-d8-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 60,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d8",
        "dna-people-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 4.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns Q and R (V15 + V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V15: 1.9; row 10, V16: 2.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-d8-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1750,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-d8",
        "dna-people-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, transfers received",
    "value": 142.93427950519586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Subsidies on products + Top 20–30%, Subsidies on production + Top 20–30%, Pensions + Top 20–30%, Unemployment benefits + Top 20–30%, Other cash benefits + Top 20–30%, Health care + Top 20–30%, Education + Top 20–30%, Social care and housing aid + Top 20–30%, Culture and leisure + Top 20–30%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d8",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d8",
        "dna-2023-pensions-d8",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d8",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d8",
        "dna-2023-health-d8",
        "dna-2023-education-d8",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d8",
        "dna-2023-culture-d8",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.697529761154218,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 20–30%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d8",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 6.656046260175399,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 20–30%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d8",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Pensions",
    "value": 44.462221767800635,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 20–30%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d8",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.1825004077337335,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 20–30%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d8",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.073762444760458,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 20–30%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d8",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Health care",
    "value": 18.600534097421203,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 20–30%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d8",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Education",
    "value": 12.044865886026539,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 20–30%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d8",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 6.111205441805493,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 20–30%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d8",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.141699999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 20–30%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d8",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Collective services",
    "value": 31.96391343831818,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 20–30%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d8",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-d8-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-d8",
        "dna-people-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, levies paid",
    "value": 145.43874485628214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Taxes on products + Top 20–30%, Taxes on production + Top 20–30%, Corporate tax + Top 20–30%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 20–30%, CSG on capital income + Top 20–30%, Income tax + Top 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 20–30%, Pension contributions + Top 20–30%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d8-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d8",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d8-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d8",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d8",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d8",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d8",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d8",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d8-resident",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 35.87442339995173,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d8",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 37.52577810120914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 20–30%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d8",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 16.524251936357295,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 20–30%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d8",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d8-resident",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.356207466264254,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d8",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.94613065429229,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 20–30%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d8",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 17.387189805647267,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, CSG − Top 20–30%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-d8",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, CSG",
    "value": 19.034741337928352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 20–30%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d8",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.6475515322810843,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 20–30%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1.3bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.4bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 9.761025336748572,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 20–30%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d8",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d8",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Income tax",
    "value": 8.756620999360392,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 20–30%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d8",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.2564325088138832,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d8",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 37.1067748885788,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 20–30%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d8",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Other contributions",
    "value": 23.529292319027444,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 20–30%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d8",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d8-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D8, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 3180,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D8, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d8",
    "label": "Living standard at D8, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 38170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 12 “8e décile (D8)”, column AF (2023), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-d9-pp",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d9",
        "dna-people-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-people-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, people",
    "value": 6800000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(V17, Individuals, millions, Insee + V18, Individuals, millions, Insee) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v17",
    "label": "V17, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column S (V17)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v18",
    "label": "V18, Individuals, millions, Insee",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of individuals, in millions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 59 “Nombre d'individus (en millions)”, column T (V18)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-d9-pp",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d9",
        "dna-people-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-d9-pp",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 90,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d9",
        "dna-people-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 7.199999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns S and T (V17 + V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V17: 3.1; row 10, V18: 4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-d9-pp",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1870,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-d9",
        "dna-people-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, transfers received",
    "value": 152.2476068405292,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Subsidies on products + Top 10–20%, Subsidies on production + Top 10–20%, Pensions + Top 10–20%, Unemployment benefits + Top 10–20%, Other cash benefits + Top 10–20%, Health care + Top 10–20%, Education + Top 10–20%, Social care and housing aid + Top 10–20%, Culture and leisure + Top 10–20%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d9",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d9",
        "dna-2023-pensions-d9",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d9",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d9",
        "dna-2023-health-d9",
        "dna-2023-education-d9",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d9",
        "dna-2023-culture-d9",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.835692401188166,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 10–20%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d9",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 8.45872545563957,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 10–20%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d9",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Pensions",
    "value": 48.647995783597764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 10–20%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d9",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.463309267239651,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 10–20%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d9",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.166819272027354,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 10–20%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d9",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Health care",
    "value": 22.058325692454634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 10–20%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d9",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Education",
    "value": 11.492349102263855,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 10–20%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d9",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 5.740829354423342,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 10–20%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d9",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.141699999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 10–20%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d9",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Collective services",
    "value": 32.24186051169486,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 10–20%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d9",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-d9-pp",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-d9",
        "dna-people-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, levies paid",
    "value": 185.52513329684933,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Taxes on products + Top 10–20%, Taxes on production + Top 10–20%, Corporate tax + Top 10–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 10–20%, CSG on capital income + Top 10–20%, Income tax + Top 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 10–20%, Pension contributions + Top 10–20%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d9-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d9",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d9-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d9",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d9",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d9",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d9",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d9",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d9-resident",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 39.60536343354671,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d9",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.42845902373489,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 10–20%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d9",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 20.329837230791096,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 10–20%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d9",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d9-resident",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.7374325326950233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d9",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.673172761980873,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 10–20%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d9",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 21.327260602851986,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, CSG − Top 10–20%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-d9",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, CSG",
    "value": 23.615294066306827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 10–20%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d9",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.288033463454842,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 10–20%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2.1bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.9bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 13.555601855554606,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 10–20%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d9",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d9",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Income tax",
    "value": 16.393209080197945,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 10–20%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d9",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.3846487632208246,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d9",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 46.66070313575312,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 10–20%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d9",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Other contributions",
    "value": 31.798645054337822,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 10–20%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d9",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d9-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D9, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 3990,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D9, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-d9",
    "label": "Living standard at D9, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 47900,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 13 “9e décile (D9)”, column AF (2023), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-d10-pp",
    "label": "Top 10%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d10",
        "dna-people-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-d10-pp",
    "label": "Top 10%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d10",
        "dna-people-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-d10-pp",
    "label": "Top 10%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1240,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d10",
        "dna-people-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-abroad",
    "label": "Outside France, levies paid",
    "value": 200.4085107533132,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Outside France, Taxes on products + Outside France, Corporate tax + Lenders outside France + International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-abroad",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-abroad",
        "dna-2023-bw-abroad",
        "dna-2023-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2023-row-d9rec_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-abroad",
    "label": "Outside France, Taxes on products",
    "value": 14.029909541882933,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-abroad",
    "label": "Outside France, Corporate tax",
    "value": 15.887241718961935,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-bw-abroad",
    "label": "Lenders outside France",
    "value": 158.22935949246835,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of borrowing lent by non-residents.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Borrowing × Share of net borrowing from abroad ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-borrowing",
        "dna-2023-takeup-abroad"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-companies-in",
    "label": "Levies through companies",
    "value": 526.2493462414578,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax: companies pay them, people bear them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production + Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest",
    "label": "CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 132.9560915132002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG − CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-bw-res",
    "label": "Lenders in France",
    "value": 0.676191204983991,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of borrowing lent by resident banks, insurers, funds and households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Borrowing × Share of net borrowing from other lenders in France ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-borrowing",
        "dna-2023-takeup-residents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-gov",
    "label": "General government",
    "value": 1615.256050697452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Everything general government receives: the levies Insee attributes to people, other revenue, borrowing and transfers from abroad.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production + Corporate tax + CSG on earnings and benefits + CSG on capital income + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth + Pension contributions + Other contributions + Lenders in France + Other revenue + Inheritance and gift duties + Lenders outside France + International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-2023-bw-res",
        "dna-2023-other-revenue",
        "capital-dmtg-2023",
        "dna-2023-bw-abroad",
        "dna-2023-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2023-row-d9rec_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-int-bdf",
    "label": "Banque de France",
    "value": 11.338642808246556,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of debt interest paid to the Banque de France.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Debt interest × Share of public debt held by the Banque de France ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-gf0107",
        "dna-2023-held-bdf"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-int-res",
    "label": "Lenders in France",
    "value": 14.565083455396456,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of debt interest paid to resident holders other than the Banque de France; Insee already counts what reaches households through insurers and funds in their primary income, so it is not drawn on to any group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Debt interest × Share of public debt held by other lenders in France ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-gf0107",
        "dna-2023-held-residents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-bw-bdf",
    "label": "Repaid to the Banque de France",
    "value": 6.985250697452582,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public debt this holder let mature or sold, net, over the year: the State repaid it with new borrowing.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Borrowing × −Share of net borrowing from the Banque de France ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-borrowing",
        "dna-2023-takeup-bdf"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unattributed-rest",
    "label": "Unclassified spending",
    "value": 0.8782000000001027,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The gap between Eurostat's total spending and its later breakdown by purpose.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Debt interest and unclassified − Lenders outside France − Banque de France − Lenders in France",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unattributed",
        "dna-2023-int-abroad",
        "dna-2023-int-bdf",
        "dna-2023-int-res"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unattributed",
    "label": "Debt interest and unclassified",
    "value": 52584.60000000009,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Public spending that no category takes, transfers abroad aside: debt interest, and the gap between Eurostat's total and its later breakdown by purpose.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Public spending − Social protection − Health − Education − Recreation, culture and religion − Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home − EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) − International cooperation paid − Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-te",
        "dna-2023-gf10",
        "dna-2023-gf07",
        "dna-2023-gf09",
        "dna-2023-gf08",
        "dna-2023-collective-net",
        "dna-2023-row-d76pay",
        "dna-2023-row-d74pay",
        "dna-2023-row-d9pay_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-te",
    "label": "Public spending",
    "value": 1608270.8,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Total expenditure of general government. General government (S13): the State, local authorities and the social security funds, consolidated so that transfers between them cancel out.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE"
      },
      "time": 2023,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2023"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-int-abroad",
    "label": "Lenders outside France",
    "value": 25.80267373635698,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of debt interest paid to non-resident holders.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Debt interest × Share of public debt held outside France ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-gf0107",
        "dna-2023-held-abroad"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-companies-out",
    "label": "Subsidies through companies",
    "value": 97.18307963142578,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies on products and on production: companies receive them, people gain from them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-abroad",
    "label": "Outside France, transfers received",
    "value": 60.88467373635698,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Lenders outside France + EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) + International cooperation paid + Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-int-abroad",
        "dna-2023-row-d76pay",
        "dna-2023-row-d74pay",
        "dna-2023-row-d9pay_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, levies through companies",
    "value": 21.235343234592325,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on products + Bottom 10%, Taxes on production + Bottom 10%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d1-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d1",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d1-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, levies through companies",
    "value": 24.77885967168746,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on products + Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on production + Bottom 10–20%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d2-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d2",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d2-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, levies through companies",
    "value": 30.205874459969888,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products + Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on production + Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d3-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d3",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d3-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, levies through companies",
    "value": 34.61037705866386,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on products + Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on production + Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d4-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d4",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d4-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, levies through companies",
    "value": 37.924766341399895,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on products + Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on production + Bottom 40–50%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d5-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d5",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d5-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, levies through companies",
    "value": 43.06692966963348,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Taxes on products + Top 40–50%, Taxes on production + Top 40–50%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d6-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d6",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d6-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, levies through companies",
    "value": 47.65633859679601,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Taxes on products + Top 30–40%, Taxes on production + Top 30–40%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d7-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d7",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d7-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, levies through companies",
    "value": 54.75488280257328,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Taxes on products + Top 20–30%, Taxes on production + Top 20–30%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d8-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d8",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d8-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, levies through companies",
    "value": 63.67263319703282,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Taxes on products + Top 10–20%, Taxes on production + Top 10–20%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d9-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d9",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d9-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, levies through companies",
    "value": 138.42618994826398,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Taxes on products + Top 10%, Taxes on production + Top 10%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-d10-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-d10",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-d10-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-abroad",
    "label": "Outside France, levies through companies",
    "value": 29.917151260844868,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Outside France, Taxes on products + Outside France, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-abroad",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-abroad"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 4.561892073052137,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 10%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d1",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 5.393897855574062,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d2",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 6.502228918163882,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d3",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 7.472397340719755,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d4",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 7.88890522236709,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d5",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 8.859073644922962,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Subsidies on products + Top 40–50%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d6",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 9.829242067478834,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Subsidies on products + Top 30–40%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d7",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 11.353576021329618,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Subsidies on products + Top 20–30%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d8",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 13.294417856827735,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Subsidies on products + Top 10–20%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d9",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 22.02744863098971,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Subsidies on products + Top 10%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-d10",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-l-kind-2",
    "label": "Taxes on products and production, 2023",
    "value": 446.907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-l-kind-capital",
    "label": "Taxes on capital, 2023",
    "value": 96.22122397654927,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax + CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 261.0227760234508,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on earnings and benefits + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest",
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 462.828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-subsidies",
    "label": "Subsidies, 2023",
    "value": 97.18307963142578,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-4",
    "label": "Cash benefits, 2023",
    "value": 550.2444525936396,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2023-other_cash"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-5",
    "label": "Transfers in kind, 2023",
    "value": 540.3350474063604,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2023-culture"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d1-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Bottom 10% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 4.147066713989048,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 10%, Income tax + Bottom 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d1",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d1",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d1-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Bottom 10% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 5.031835482893562,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Pension contributions + Bottom 10%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d1",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d2-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 3.809089825145844,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 10–20%, Income tax + Bottom 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d2",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d2",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d2-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 12.622240172623075,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Pension contributions + Bottom 10–20%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d2",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d3-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 6.647772895953212,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 20–30%, Income tax + Bottom 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d3",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d3",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d3-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 19.103862377188435,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Pension contributions + Bottom 20–30%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d3",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d4-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 9.988259632552895,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 30–40%, Income tax + Bottom 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d4",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d4",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d4-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 26.438306402931488,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Pension contributions + Bottom 30–40%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d4",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d5-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 12.836279709575257,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 40–50%, Income tax + Bottom 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d5",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d5",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d5"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d5-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 33.34608015982854,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Pension contributions + Bottom 40–50%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d5",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d6-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 40–50% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 16.297127255077697,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 40–50%, Income tax + Top 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d6",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d6",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d6"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d6-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 40–50% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 38.5482102743702,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Pension contributions + Top 40–50%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d6",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d6"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d7-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 30–40% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 20.970103934750885,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 30–40%, Income tax + Top 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d7",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d7",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d7"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d7-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 30–40% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 48.696821069375645,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Pension contributions + Top 30–40%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d7",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d8-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 20–30% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 28.400243313821544,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 20–30%, Income tax + Top 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d8",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d8",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d8"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d8-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 20–30% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 60.636067207606246,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Pension contributions + Top 20–30%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d8",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d9-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 10–20% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 41.10511844627075,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 10–20%, Income tax + Top 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d9",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d9",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d9-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 10–20% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 78.45934819009094,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Pension contributions + Top 10–20%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d9",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d10-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 10% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 116.82171429631366,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 10%, Income tax + Top 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-d10",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-d10",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-d10-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 10% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 139.94522866309188,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Pension contributions + Top 10%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-d10",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-p-abroad-gov",
    "label": "Outside France → General government, 2023",
    "value": 170.49135949246835,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Lenders outside France + International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-bw-abroad",
        "dna-2023-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2023-row-d9rec_s2"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-co-in-l-kind-2",
    "label": "Through companies → Taxes on products and production, 2023",
    "value": 446.907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-l-kind-2-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on products and production → General government, 2023",
    "value": 446.907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-l-kind-capital-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on capital → General government, 2023",
    "value": 96.22122397654927,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax + CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-l-kind-3-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on income and wealth → General government, 2023",
    "value": 261.0227760234508,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on earnings and benefits + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest",
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-l-kind-1-gov",
    "label": "Social contributions → General government, 2023",
    "value": 462.828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-gov-t-kind-subsidies",
    "label": "General government → Subsidies, 2023",
    "value": 97.18307963142578,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-gov-t-kind-4",
    "label": "General government → Cash benefits, 2023",
    "value": 550.2444525936396,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2023-other_cash"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-gov-t-kind-5",
    "label": "General government → Transfers in kind, 2023",
    "value": 540.3350474063604,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2023-culture"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-subsidies-co-out",
    "label": "Subsidies → Through companies, 2023",
    "value": 97.18307963142578,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d1",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Bottom 10%, 2023",
    "value": 34.64461459250617,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Pensions + Bottom 10%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 10%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-d1",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d1",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d1",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Bottom 10%, 2023",
    "value": 64.83877399788352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Health care + Bottom 10%, Education + Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-d1",
        "dna-2023-education-d1",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d1",
        "dna-2023-culture-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d2",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Bottom 10–20%, 2023",
    "value": 46.08526336361495,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Pensions + Bottom 10–20%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 10–20%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-d2",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d2",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d2",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Bottom 10–20%, 2023",
    "value": 75.30331352666288,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Health care + Bottom 10–20%, Education + Bottom 10–20%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 10–20%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-d2",
        "dna-2023-education-d2",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d2",
        "dna-2023-culture-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d3",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Bottom 20–30%, 2023",
    "value": 51.56778232162883,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Pensions + Bottom 20–30%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 20–30%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-d3",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d3",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d3",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Bottom 20–30%, 2023",
    "value": 62.27866354007378,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Health care + Bottom 20–30%, Education + Bottom 20–30%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 20–30%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-d3",
        "dna-2023-education-d3",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d3",
        "dna-2023-culture-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d4",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Bottom 30–40%, 2023",
    "value": 51.37919812415701,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Pensions + Bottom 30–40%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 30–40%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-d4",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d4",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d4",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Bottom 30–40%, 2023",
    "value": 63.01143070257095,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Health care + Bottom 30–40%, Education + Bottom 30–40%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 30–40%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-d4",
        "dna-2023-education-d4",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d4",
        "dna-2023-culture-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d5",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Bottom 40–50%, 2023",
    "value": 52.67983152736217,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Pensions + Bottom 40–50%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 40–50%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-d5",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d5",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d5",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Bottom 40–50%, 2023",
    "value": 50.6140587742745,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Health care + Bottom 40–50%, Education + Bottom 40–50%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 40–50%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-d5",
        "dna-2023-education-d5",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d5",
        "dna-2023-culture-d5"
      ]
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d6",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 40–50%, 2023",
    "value": 54.998421985986376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Pensions + Top 40–50%, Unemployment benefits + Top 40–50%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-d6",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d6",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d6"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d6",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 40–50%, 2023",
    "value": 50.738478959800474,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Health care + Top 40–50%, Education + Top 40–50%, Social care and housing aid + Top 40–50%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-d6",
        "dna-2023-education-d6",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d6",
        "dna-2023-culture-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d7",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 30–40%, 2023",
    "value": 56.11630639482002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Pensions + Top 30–40%, Unemployment benefits + Top 30–40%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-d7",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d7",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d7"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d7",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 30–40%, 2023",
    "value": 49.533861350713075,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Health care + Top 30–40%, Education + Top 30–40%, Social care and housing aid + Top 30–40%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-d7",
        "dna-2023-education-d7",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d7",
        "dna-2023-culture-d7"
      ]
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d8",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 20–30%, 2023",
    "value": 58.71848462029483,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Pensions + Top 20–30%, Unemployment benefits + Top 20–30%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-d8",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d8",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d8"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d8",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 20–30%, 2023",
    "value": 40.898305425253234,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Health care + Top 20–30%, Education + Top 20–30%, Social care and housing aid + Top 20–30%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-d8",
        "dna-2023-education-d8",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d8",
        "dna-2023-culture-d8"
      ]
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d9",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 10–20%, 2023",
    "value": 63.27812432286477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Pensions + Top 10–20%, Unemployment benefits + Top 10–20%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-d9",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d9",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d9"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d9",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 10–20%, 2023",
    "value": 43.43320414914183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Health care + Top 10–20%, Education + Top 10–20%, Social care and housing aid + Top 10–20%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-d9",
        "dna-2023-education-d9",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d9",
        "dna-2023-culture-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d10",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 10%, 2023",
    "value": 80.77642534040446,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Pensions + Top 10%, Unemployment benefits + Top 10%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-d10",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-d10",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-d10"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d10",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 10%, 2023",
    "value": 39.684956979986204,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Health care + Top 10%, Education + Top 10%, Social care and housing aid + Top 10%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-d10",
        "dna-2023-education-d10",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-d10",
        "dna-2023-culture-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tenths-kind-gov-r-abroad",
    "label": "General government → Outside France, 2023",
    "value": 60.88467373635698,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Lenders outside France + EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) + International cooperation paid + Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-int-abroad",
        "dna-2023-row-d76pay",
        "dna-2023-row-d74pay",
        "dna-2023-row-d9pay_s2"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-borrowing",
    "label": "Borrowing",
    "value": 169118.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The deficit: the part of public spending not covered by revenue, financed by issuing debt.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "− Net lending",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-b9"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-b9",
    "label": "Net lending",
    "value": -169118.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Revenue minus expenditure of general government.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "B9"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=B9&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other-revenue",
    "label": "Other revenue",
    "value": 166903.1000000001,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Public revenue that Insee does not attribute as a levy: sales of services and fees, property income, transfers received and capital taxes other than inheritance and gift duties; transfers from the rest of the world and those duties are drawn apart.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Public revenue − Taxes on production and imports − Taxes on income and wealth − Social contributions − International cooperation from the EU − Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan) − Inheritance and gift duties",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-tr",
        "dna-2024-d2rec",
        "dna-2024-d5rec",
        "dna-2024-d61rec",
        "dna-2024-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2024-row-d9rec_s2",
        "capital-dmtg-2024"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tr",
    "label": "Public revenue",
    "value": 1503590.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Total revenue of general government. General government (S13): the State, local authorities and the social security funds, consolidated so that transfers between them cancel out.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TR"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TR&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-d2rec",
    "label": "Taxes on production and imports",
    "value": 456133,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
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    "definition": "VAT, excise duties on energy, tobacco and alcohol, and taxes on payroll and on business property, as received by general government.",
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      "time": 2024,
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-d5rec",
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    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
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    "definition": "Personal income tax, CSG and CRDS, corporate income tax, and the property wealth tax (IFI).",
    "origin": {
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      "filters": {
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        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D5REC"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D5REC&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-d61rec",
    "label": "Social contributions",
    "value": 483631,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Contributions paid by employers, employees and the self-employed to social security, pensions and unemployment insurance, imputed contributions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
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      "filters": {
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        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D61REC"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D61REC&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-row-d74rec_s212",
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    "value": 3488,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.",
    "origin": {
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      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D74REC_S212"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D74REC_S212&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-row-d9rec_s2",
    "label": "Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
    "value": 6933,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D9REC_S2"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D9REC_S2&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-gf10",
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    "value": 693028.8,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Old age, survivors, sickness and disability, family, unemployment, housing and social exclusion.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF10"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF10&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-gf07",
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    "value": 261156.3,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Hospitals, outpatient care and medicines.",
    "origin": {
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      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF07"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF07&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-gf09",
    "label": "Education",
    "value": 148639.6,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Schools and universities.",
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      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF09"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF09&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-gf08",
    "label": "Recreation, culture and religion",
    "value": 43067.6,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sport, culture, broadcasting and publishing services.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF08"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF08&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective-net",
    "label": "Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home",
    "value": 433701.49999999994,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The collective spending categories without the transfers to the rest of the world, which are drawn to Outside France.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies − EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) − International cooperation paid − Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
      "inputs": [
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        "dna-2024-row-d76pay",
        "dna-2024-row-d74pay",
        "dna-2024-row-d9pay_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective-total",
    "label": "Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies",
    "value": 467031.49999999994,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General public services without debt interest, defence, public order, economic affairs, environmental protection and housing and community amenities.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "General public services − Debt interest + Defence + Public order and safety + Economic affairs + Environmental protection + Housing and community amenities",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-gf01",
        "dna-2024-gf0107",
        "dna-2024-gf02",
        "dna-2024-gf03",
        "dna-2024-gf04",
        "dna-2024-gf05",
        "dna-2024-gf06"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-gf01",
    "label": "General public services",
    "value": 181103.2,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Executive and legislative bodies, financial and fiscal affairs, external affairs and debt interest.",
    "origin": {
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        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
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        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF01"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
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      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF01&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-gf0107",
    "label": "Debt interest",
    "value": 58870.2,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Public debt transactions.",
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      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
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        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF0107"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
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      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF0107&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-gf02",
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    "value": 54199,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Military and civil defence.",
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      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
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        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF02"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
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      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF02&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-gf03",
    "label": "Public order and safety",
    "value": 52113,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Police, justice, prisons and fire.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF03"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
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      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF03&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-gf04",
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    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Transport, energy, agriculture, industry and other economic affairs.",
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      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF04"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
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      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF04&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-gf05",
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    "value": 30285.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Waste, water and pollution management.",
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      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
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        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF05"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
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      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF05&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-gf06",
    "label": "Housing and community amenities",
    "value": 42128.6,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Housing development, community development, water supply and street lighting.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF06"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF06&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-row-d76pay",
    "label": "EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources)",
    "value": 22281,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D76PAY"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D76PAY&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-row-d74pay",
    "label": "International cooperation paid",
    "value": 10289,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
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        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D74PAY"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D74PAY&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-row-d9pay_s2",
    "label": "Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
    "value": 760,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "A transfer between French general government and the rest of the world, as Eurostat records it in the government accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "D9PAY_S2"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=D9PAY_S2&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-bdf-paid",
    "label": "Paid to the State by the Banque de France",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The Banque de France's dividend and corporate tax paid to the State for the year.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Banque de France",
      "title": "Banque de France",
      "url": "https://www.banque-france.fr/fr/communiques-de-presse/communication-sur-les-comptes-et-le-rapport-dactivite-2024",
      "location": "Communication sur les comptes et le rapport d'activité 2024; raw/bdf_comptes_2024.html",
      "published": "2025",
      "quote": "2024: net result −€7.7bn after a €10.1bn release from the general risk fund, carried forward; nothing paid to the State."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-held-residents",
    "label": "Share of public debt held by other lenders in France",
    "value": 27.84481358186962,
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    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A holder's average holdings of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders'.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "((Public debt held in France, end 2023 + Public debt held in France, end 2024) − (Public debt held by the central bank, end 2023 + Public debt held by the central bank, end 2024)) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2023 + Public debt, all holders, end 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-debt-s1",
        "dna-2024-debt-s1",
        "dna-2023-debt-s121",
        "dna-2024-debt-s121",
        "dna-2023-debt-s1_s2",
        "dna-2024-debt-s1_s2"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Interest split by the average of the holdings at the start and end of the year: Eurostat does not publish interest paid by government by holder. Holders of older, low-coupon bonds receive less than their share of the stock. The Banque de France bought most of its holdings in 2015 to 2022 at low coupons; the Eurosystem stopped reinvesting maturing bonds of its asset purchase programme (APP) in July 2023 and of its pandemic programme (PEPP) at the end of 2024 (ECB), so its share of the stock falls."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-debt-s1",
    "label": "Public debt held in France, end 2024",
    "value": 1567611,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
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        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S1"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S1&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-debt-s121",
    "label": "Public debt held by the central bank, end 2024",
    "value": 636628,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of the year, at face value, by the sector that holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S121"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S121&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-held-bdf",
    "label": "Share of public debt held by the Banque de France",
    "value": 20.244785098457182,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A holder's average holdings of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders'.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Public debt held by the central bank, end 2023 + Public debt held by the central bank, end 2024) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2023 + Public debt, all holders, end 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-debt-s121",
        "dna-2024-debt-s121",
        "dna-2023-debt-s1_s2",
        "dna-2024-debt-s1_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Interest split by the average of the holdings at the start and end of the year: Eurostat does not publish interest paid by government by holder. Holders of older, low-coupon bonds receive less than their share of the stock. The Banque de France bought most of its holdings in 2015 to 2022 at low coupons; the Eurosystem stopped reinvesting maturing bonds of its asset purchase programme (APP) in July 2023 and of its pandemic programme (PEPP) at the end of 2024 (ECB), so its share of the stock falls."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-held-abroad",
    "label": "Share of public debt held outside France",
    "value": 51.91040131967319,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A holder's average holdings of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders'.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2023 + Public debt held by the rest of the world, end 2024) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2023 + Public debt, all holders, end 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-debt-s2",
        "dna-2024-debt-s2",
        "dna-2023-debt-s1_s2",
        "dna-2024-debt-s1_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Interest split by the average of the holdings at the start and end of the year: Eurostat does not publish interest paid by government by holder. Holders of older, low-coupon bonds receive less than their share of the stock. The Banque de France bought most of its holdings in 2015 to 2022 at low coupons; the Eurosystem stopped reinvesting maturing bonds of its asset purchase programme (APP) in July 2023 and of its pandemic programme (PEPP) at the end of 2024 (ECB), so its share of the stock falls."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-takeup-bdf",
    "label": "Share of net borrowing from the Banque de France",
    "value": -11.980340055903653,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A holder's net take-up of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders': the change in its holdings at face value.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Public debt held by the central bank, end 2024 − Public debt held by the central bank, end 2023) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2024 − Public debt, all holders, end 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-debt-s121",
        "dna-2024-debt-s121",
        "dna-2023-debt-s1_s2",
        "dna-2024-debt-s1_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Net take-up at face value: the change in what each sector holds over the year, which also moves when bonds change hands between sectors. Eurostat does not publish government debt transactions by holder; changes at face value carry no market revaluation, so they are the closest published measure. The total change in debt differs from the deficit by the stock-flow adjustment (cash buffers, premiums and discounts at issue), so the shares, not the amounts, are applied to the deficit."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-takeup-residents",
    "label": "Share of net borrowing from other lenders in France",
    "value": 38.10519154642123,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A holder's net take-up of public debt over the year, as a share of all holders': the change in its holdings at face value.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "((Public debt held in France, end 2024 − Public debt held in France, end 2023) − (Public debt held by the central bank, end 2024 − Public debt held by the central bank, end 2023)) ÷ (Public debt, all holders, end 2024 − Public debt, all holders, end 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-debt-s1",
        "dna-2024-debt-s1",
        "dna-2023-debt-s121",
        "dna-2024-debt-s121",
        "dna-2023-debt-s1_s2",
        "dna-2024-debt-s1_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Net take-up at face value: the change in what each sector holds over the year, which also moves when bonds change hands between sectors. Eurostat does not publish government debt transactions by holder; changes at face value carry no market revaluation, so they are the closest published measure. The total change in debt differs from the deficit by the stock-flow adjustment (cash buffers, premiums and discounts at issue), so the shares, not the amounts, are applied to the deficit."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-ratio-tourism",
    "label": "Share of consumption by visitors",
    "value": 4.638996557114702,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Purchases of non-residents as a share of all household consumption on the territory.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Purchases of non-residents on the territory ÷ Household consumption on the territory × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-p34",
        "dna-2024-p31_s14_dc"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Taxes on products also fall on households' purchases of dwellings and on what general government and exempt sectors buy; Insee attributes them all to households through consumption, and visitors take no part in those, so this share applies to the consumption part and slightly overstates what visitors bear."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p34",
    "label": "Purchases of non-residents on the territory",
    "value": 71603,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Consumption by non-resident households on the economic territory (ESA P34), current prices.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "nama_10_fcs",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "CP_MEUR",
        "na_item": "P34"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-10-13T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nama_10_fcs?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=CP_MEUR&na_item=P34&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p31_s14_dc",
    "label": "Household consumption on the territory",
    "value": 1543501.9,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Final consumption of households on the economic territory, domestic concept (ESA P31, S14), current prices.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "nama_10_fcs",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "CP_MEUR",
        "na_item": "P31_S14_DC"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-10-13T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nama_10_fcs?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=CP_MEUR&na_item=P31_S14_DC&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-abroad-listed",
    "label": "Outside France, Corporate tax, at the CAC 40 share",
    "value": 40.608305808656034,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate tax borne outside France if every French company were held abroad as much as the CAC 40's are: the upper end of the range.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Share of CAC 40 companies held outside France ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2024-cac40-abroad"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
    "label": "Corporate tax",
    "value": 81.21661161731207,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on income and wealth × Corporate tax ÷ Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-d5rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2023-cat-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-cac40-abroad",
    "label": "Share of CAC 40 companies held outside France",
    "value": 50,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Shares of the French companies of the CAC 40 held by non-residents, at market value, as a share of their market capitalisation, at the end of the year.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Banque de France",
      "title": "La détention des actions des sociétés françaises du CAC 40 par les non-résidents a augmenté très légèrement en 2024, Bulletin de la Banque de France 261/3",
      "url": "https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/2025-12/BDF261-3_CAC-40_web.pdf",
      "location": "p. 1; raw/bdf_bulletin_261-3_cac40.pdf",
      "published": "December 2025",
      "quote": "Fin 2024, les non-résidents détenaient 1 083 milliards d'euros d'actions des sociétés françaises du CAC 40, sur une capitalisation boursière totale de 2 165 milliards d'euros, soit un taux de détention de 50 %."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Listed shares of the 35 French CAC 40 companies only."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-ratio-ownership",
    "label": "Share of French companies' equity held outside France",
    "value": 20.19308781795141,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Listed and unlisted shares held by the rest of the world, as a share of the shares issued by non-financial and financial corporations, at the end of the year (financial accounts).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Shares held by the rest of the world ÷ (Shares issued by non-financial corporations + Shares issued by financial corporations) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-f51-s2-ass",
        "dna-2024-f51-s11-liab",
        "dna-2024-f51-s12-liab"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Shares that French companies hold in one another count in the denominator, so a chain of holdings inside France dilutes the share held abroad; the listed-only figure of the Banque de France is the upper end of the range.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "50%",
        "source": "La détention des actions des sociétés françaises du CAC 40 par les non-résidents a augmenté très légèrement en 2024, Bulletin de la Banque de France 261/3",
        "url": "https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/2025-12/BDF261-3_CAC-40_web.pdf",
        "why": "The Banque de France's survey covers the listed shares of the 35 French CAC 40 companies, at market value, where non-residents hold half; the financial accounts cover every French company, listed or not, most of them held at home. The two bound the share of corporate tax that falls on owners outside France."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-f51-s2-ass",
    "label": "Shares held by the rest of the world",
    "value": 2455534,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Listed and unlisted shares (ESA F51), at the end of the year, at market value or own funds for unlisted companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "nasa_10_f_bs",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "co_nco": "NCO",
        "sector": "S2",
        "finpos": "ASS",
        "na_item": "F51"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-10-14T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nasa_10_f_bs?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&co_nco=NCO&sector=S2&finpos=ASS&na_item=F51&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-f51-s11-liab",
    "label": "Shares issued by non-financial corporations",
    "value": 10763292,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Listed and unlisted shares (ESA F51), at the end of the year, at market value or own funds for unlisted companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "nasa_10_f_bs",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "co_nco": "NCO",
        "sector": "S11",
        "finpos": "LIAB",
        "na_item": "F51"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-10-14T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nasa_10_f_bs?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&co_nco=NCO&sector=S11&finpos=LIAB&na_item=F51&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-f51-s12-liab",
    "label": "Shares issued by financial corporations",
    "value": 1396978,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Listed and unlisted shares (ESA F51), at the end of the year, at market value or own funds for unlisted companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "nasa_10_f_bs",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "co_nco": "NCO",
        "sector": "S12",
        "finpos": "LIAB",
        "na_item": "F51"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-10-14T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nasa_10_f_bs?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&co_nco=NCO&sector=S12&finpos=LIAB&na_item=F51&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-capital-ratio",
    "label": "Capital income's share of the CSG, 2024",
    "value": 11.509255329568084,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG's yield on capital income over its yield on earnings, replacement income and capital income (CCSS); the CSG on gaming is left out.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income, 2024 ÷ (CSG on earnings, 2024 + CSG on replacement income, 2024 + CSG on capital income, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-csg-capital-2024",
    "label": "CSG on capital income, 2024",
    "value": 17627,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/files/live/sites/SSFR/files/medias/CCSS/2025/Rapport%20CCSS%20juin_BAT_%20avec%20couverture.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, page 47",
      "published": "June 2025",
      "quote": "CSG sur les revenus d'activité 108175; de remplacement 27353; du capital 17627 (M€, 2024)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-csg-activity-2024",
    "label": "CSG on earnings, 2024",
    "value": 108175,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/files/live/sites/SSFR/files/medias/CCSS/2025/Rapport%20CCSS%20juin_BAT_%20avec%20couverture.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, page 47",
      "published": "June 2025",
      "quote": "CSG sur les revenus d'activité 108175; de remplacement 27353; du capital 17627 (M€, 2024)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
    "label": "CSG on replacement income, 2024",
    "value": 27353,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/files/live/sites/SSFR/files/medias/CCSS/2025/Rapport%20CCSS%20juin_BAT_%20avec%20couverture.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, page 47",
      "published": "June 2025",
      "quote": "CSG sur les revenus d'activité 108175; de remplacement 27353; du capital 17627 (M€, 2024)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-d1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 20,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d1",
        "dna-people-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-d1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 80,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d1",
        "dna-people-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-d1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 10,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d1",
        "dna-people-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-d1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1790,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-d1",
        "dna-people-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, transfers received",
    "value": 146.25644762154639,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 10%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 10%, Pensions + Bottom 10%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 10%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 10%, Health care + Bottom 10%, Education + Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 10%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d1",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d1",
        "dna-2024-pensions-d1",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d1",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d1",
        "dna-2024-health-d1",
        "dna-2024-education-d1",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d1",
        "dna-2024-culture-d1",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.9016308559650814,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d1",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
    "label": "Subsidies on products",
    "value": 44.59006692531522,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home × Subsidies on products ÷ Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective-net",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2023-cat-coll"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.6992663365004239,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Bottom 10%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d1",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
    "label": "Subsidies on production",
    "value": 53.42394810863239,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home × Subsidies on production ÷ Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective-net",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-2023-cat-coll"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Pensions",
    "value": 10.38579782767056,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Bottom 10%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d1",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions",
    "label": "Pensions",
    "value": 389.7613562120141,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social protection × Pensions ÷ Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-gf10",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions",
        "dna-2023-cat-gf10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 5.718581034270989,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Bottom 10%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d1",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
    "label": "Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 45.157070925795054,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social protection × Unemployment benefits ÷ Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-gf10",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2023-cat-gf10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.388360847367064,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Bottom 10%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d1",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash",
    "label": "Other cash benefits",
    "value": 144.67894524381626,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social protection × Other cash benefits ÷ Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-gf10",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-2023-cat-gf10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Health care",
    "value": 21.82538323782235,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Bottom 10%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d1",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health",
    "label": "Health care",
    "value": 261.1563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health × Health care ÷ Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-gf07",
        "dna-insee-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Education",
    "value": 21.698364715066354,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Bottom 10%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d1",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education",
    "label": "Education",
    "value": 148.6396,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Education ÷ Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-gf09",
        "dna-insee-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 20.1894286474665,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d1",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
    "label": "Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 113.43142761837458,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social protection × Social care and housing aid ÷ Insee items in COFOG 10, social protection",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-gf10",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2023-cat-gf10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.306759999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d1",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture",
    "label": "Culture and leisure",
    "value": 43.0676,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Recreation, culture and religion × Culture and leisure ÷ Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-gf08",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Collective services",
    "value": 37.14287411941706,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Bottom 10%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d1",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
    "label": "Collective services",
    "value": 335.6874849660523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home × Collective services ÷ Insee items in COFOG 01 without debt interest, 02 to 06",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective-net",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-2023-cat-coll"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-d1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 390,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-d1",
        "dna-people-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, levies paid",
    "value": 31.57798818129124,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on products + Bottom 10%, Taxes on production + Bottom 10%, Corporate tax + Bottom 10%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 10%, CSG on capital income + Bottom 10%, Income tax + Bottom 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 10%, Pension contributions + Bottom 10%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d1-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d1",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d1-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d1",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d1",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d1",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d1",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d1",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d1-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.797534734883172,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d1",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.711972458575907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Bottom 10%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d1",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products",
    "label": "Taxes on products",
    "value": 325.4007474249888,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production and imports × Taxes on products ÷ Insee items in ESA D2, taxes on production and imports",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-d2rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-cat-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.248717401603007,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Bottom 10%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d1",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production",
    "label": "Taxes on production",
    "value": 130.7322525750112,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production and imports × Taxes on production ÷ Insee items in ESA D2, taxes on production and imports",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-d2rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-2023-cat-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d1-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.5809414716704814,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d1",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.7279337789003643,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Bottom 10%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d1",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 1.0204800026172094,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, CSG − Bottom 10%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-d1",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, CSG",
    "value": 1.458724363130757,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Bottom 10%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d1",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg",
    "label": "CSG",
    "value": 153.37444732346242,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on income and wealth × CSG ÷ Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-d5rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg",
        "dna-2023-cat-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4382443605135476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Bottom 10%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€250m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€412m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital",
    "label": "CSG on capital income",
    "value": 17.652256752771194,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Capital income's share of the CSG, 2024 ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-2024-csg-capital-ratio"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A rescaled estimate, not the CCSS's figure: the CCSS puts the CSG's yield on capital income at €17.627bn in 2024; here the CSG of the year on the perimeter of the other levies (€153.4bn) is multiplied by capital income's share of the CSG's yield by base (11.51%), which gives €17.7bn."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.4826534456833595,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Bottom 10%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Bottom 10%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d1",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d1",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
    "label": "CSG on income from investments, 2024",
    "value": 10728,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients (CCSS).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/files/live/sites/SSFR/files/medias/CCSS/2025/Rapport%20CCSS%20juin_BAT_%20avec%20couverture.pdf",
      "location": "Fiche 1.3, Tableau 1, page 47",
      "published": "June 2025",
      "quote": "CSG sur les revenus du patrimoine 6899; CSG sur les revenus du placement 10728 (M€, 2024)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
    "label": "CSG on income from property, 2024",
    "value": 6899,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yield of the CSG on this base, all recipients (CCSS).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/files/live/sites/SSFR/files/medias/CCSS/2025/Rapport%20CCSS%20juin_BAT_%20avec%20couverture.pdf",
      "location": "Fiche 1.3, Tableau 1, page 47",
      "published": "June 2025",
      "quote": "CSG sur les revenus du patrimoine 6899; CSG sur les revenus du placement 10728 (M€, 2024)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.8141140455805287,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Bottom 10%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d1",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax",
    "label": "Income tax",
    "value": 105.78984282460135,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on income and wealth × Income tax ÷ Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-d5rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-2023-cat-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.419951837919073,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d1",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
    "label": "Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 25.302098234624147,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on income and wealth × Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ Insee items in ESA D5, taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-d5rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-2023-cat-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 3.476346562643474,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Bottom 10%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d1",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
    "label": "Pension contributions",
    "value": 292.99361926689994,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social contributions × Pension contributions ÷ Insee items in ESA D61, social contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-d61rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2023-cat-d61"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, Other contributions",
    "value": 1.781657763860748,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Bottom 10%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d1",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others",
    "label": "Other contributions",
    "value": 190.63738073310003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social contributions × Other contributions ÷ Insee items in ESA D61, social contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-d61rec",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-2023-cat-d61"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d1-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D1, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 1160,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D1, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d1",
    "label": "Living standard at D1, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 13970,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 5 “1er décile (D1)”, column AG (2024), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-d2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d2",
        "dna-people-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-d2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 90,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d2",
        "dna-people-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-d2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 10,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d2",
        "dna-people-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-d2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2050,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-d2",
        "dna-people-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, transfers received",
    "value": 167.42498676000756,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 10–20%, Pensions + Bottom 10–20%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 10–20%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 10–20%, Health care + Bottom 10–20%, Education + Bottom 10–20%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 10–20%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 10–20%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d2",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d2",
        "dna-2024-pensions-d2",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d2",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d2",
        "dna-2024-health-d2",
        "dna-2024-education-d2",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d2",
        "dna-2024-culture-d2",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.9016308559650814,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d2",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.5383859403009326,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d2",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Pensions",
    "value": 22.24128402718129,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Bottom 10–20%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d2",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 5.619984809542179,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Bottom 10–20%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d2",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.68242374420409,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Bottom 10–20%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d2",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Health care",
    "value": 35.17004613180516,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Bottom 10–20%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d2",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Education",
    "value": 17.63717345823575,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Bottom 10–20%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d2",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 21.847497666823653,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Bottom 10–20%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d2",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.306759999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Bottom 10–20%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d2",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Collective services",
    "value": 34.47980012594942,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Bottom 10–20%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d2",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-d2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 520,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-d2",
        "dna-people-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, levies paid",
    "value": 42.80837179200853,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on products + Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on production + Bottom 10–20%, Corporate tax + Bottom 10–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 10–20%, CSG on capital income + Bottom 10–20%, Income tax + Bottom 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 10–20%, Pension contributions + Bottom 10–20%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d2-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d2",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d2-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d2",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d2",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d2",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d2",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d2",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d2-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 20.550672689431867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d2",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 21.550394760412008,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d2",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 4.19079152116924,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d2",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d2-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.4979498328604126,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d2",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.6239432390574551,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Bottom 10–20%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d2",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 3.3843408138447053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, CSG − Bottom 10–20%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-d2",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, CSG",
    "value": 3.855200102559857,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Bottom 10–20%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d2",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4708592887151517,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Bottom 10–20%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€277m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€429m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.667416950193818,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Bottom 10–20%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Bottom 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d2",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d2",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Income tax",
    "value": 0.10422644613261217,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Bottom 10–20%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d2",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.419951837919073,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d2",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 8.735434952283601,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Bottom 10–20%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d2",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, Other contributions",
    "value": 4.45414440965187,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Bottom 10–20%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d2",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d2-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D2, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 1480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D2, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d2",
    "label": "Living standard at D2, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 17700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 6 “2e décile (D2)”, column AG (2024), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-d3-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 40,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d3",
        "dna-people-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-d3-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 130,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d3",
        "dna-people-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-d3-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 20,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d3",
        "dna-people-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-d3-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1960,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-d3",
        "dna-people-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, transfers received",
    "value": 160.07566010921883,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 20–30%, Pensions + Bottom 20–30%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 20–30%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 20–30%, Health care + Bottom 20–30%, Education + Bottom 20–30%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 20–30%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 20–30%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d3",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d3",
        "dna-2024-pensions-d3",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d3",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d3",
        "dna-2024-health-d3",
        "dna-2024-education-d3",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d3",
        "dna-2024-culture-d3",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.180318774248302,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d3",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 2.3775055441014414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d3",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Pensions",
    "value": 33.50889487795596,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Bottom 20–30%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d3",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 5.028407461169318,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Bottom 20–30%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d3",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 15.78137546358701,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Bottom 20–30%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d3",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Health care",
    "value": 29.931954154727794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Bottom 20–30%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d3",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Education",
    "value": 17.289071350507413,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Bottom 20–30%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d3",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 13.752219513491672,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Bottom 20–30%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d3",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.306759999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Bottom 20–30%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d3",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Collective services",
    "value": 33.91915296942992,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Bottom 20–30%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d3",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-d3-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 710,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-d3",
        "dna-people-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, levies paid",
    "value": 58.240903784129145,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products + Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on production + Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax + Bottom 20–30%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 20–30%, CSG on capital income + Bottom 20–30%, Income tax + Bottom 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 20–30%, Pension contributions + Bottom 20–30%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d3-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d3",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d3-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d3",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d3",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d3",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d3",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d3",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d3-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.667362386407312,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d3",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 24.818701074787285,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d3",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 6.439508922772247,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d3",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d3-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.6639331104805503,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d3",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.8319243187432735,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d3",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.08460806564509,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, CSG − Bottom 20–30%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-d3",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, CSG",
    "value": 6.772648828821371,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Bottom 20–30%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d3",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.6880407631762813,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Bottom 20–30%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€395m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€629m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 3.8977495784966254,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Bottom 20–30%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Bottom 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d3",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d3",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Bottom 20–30%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d3",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7349157163583776,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d3",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 13.103152428425402,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Bottom 20–30%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d3",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, Other contributions",
    "value": 6.859382390863879,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Bottom 20–30%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d3",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d3-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D3, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 1750,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D3, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d3",
    "label": "Living standard at D3, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 20980,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 7 “3e décile (D3)”, column AG (2024), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-d4-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 50,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d4",
        "dna-people-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-d4-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 150,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d4",
        "dna-people-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-d4-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 10,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d4",
        "dna-people-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-d4-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1980,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-d4",
        "dna-people-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, transfers received",
    "value": 161.32443362105232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 30–40%, Pensions + Bottom 30–40%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 30–40%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 30–40%, Health care + Bottom 30–40%, Education + Bottom 30–40%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 30–40%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 30–40%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d4",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d4",
        "dna-2024-pensions-d4",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d4",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d4",
        "dna-2024-health-d4",
        "dna-2024-education-d4",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d4",
        "dna-2024-culture-d4",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.3196627333899125,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d4",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.2166251479019494,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d4",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Pensions",
    "value": 35.56645859853219,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Bottom 30–40%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d4",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 4.732618786982888,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Bottom 30–40%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d4",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 13.820956151340175,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Bottom 30–40%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d4",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Health care",
    "value": 34.172314326647566,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Bottom 30–40%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d4",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Education",
    "value": 14.968390632318496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Bottom 30–40%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d4",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 12.581817852768978,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Bottom 30–40%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d4",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.306759999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Bottom 30–40%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d4",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Collective services",
    "value": 33.63882939117016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Bottom 30–40%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d4",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-d4-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 910,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-d4",
        "dna-people-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, levies paid",
    "value": 73.93892654679809,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on products + Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on production + Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax + Bottom 30–40%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 30–40%, CSG on capital income + Bottom 30–40%, Income tax + Bottom 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 30–40%, Pension contributions + Bottom 30–40%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d4-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d4",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d4-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d4",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d4",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d4",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d4",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d4",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d4-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 26.29706931823035,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d4",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27.57633452754143,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d4",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 8.38158304233848,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d4",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d4-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.5809414716704814,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d4",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.7279337789003643,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d4",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 8.771544499236875,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, CSG − Bottom 30–40%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-d4",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, CSG",
    "value": 9.585902957716401,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Bottom 30–40%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d4",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.8143584584795274,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Bottom 30–40%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€501m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€716m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.613339075479303,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Bottom 30–40%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Bottom 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d4",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d4",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Income tax",
    "value": 0.4169057845304487,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Bottom 30–40%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d4",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.0498795947976824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d4",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 18.0056924526662,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Bottom 30–40%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d4",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, Other contributions",
    "value": 9.62095192484804,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Bottom 30–40%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d4",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d4-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D4, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 1990,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D4, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d4",
    "label": "Living standard at D4, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 23880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 8 “4e décile (D4)”, column AG (2024), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-d5-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 50,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d5",
        "dna-people-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-d5-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d5",
        "dna-people-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-d5-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 20,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d5",
        "dna-people-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-d5-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1830,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-d5",
        "dna-people-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, transfers received",
    "value": 149.28640540989056,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 40–50%, Pensions + Bottom 40–50%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 40–50%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 40–50%, Health care + Bottom 40–50%, Education + Bottom 40–50%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 40–50%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 40–50%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d5",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d5",
        "dna-2024-pensions-d5",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d5",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d5",
        "dna-2024-health-d5",
        "dna-2024-education-d5",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d5",
        "dna-2024-culture-d5",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.180318774248302,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d5",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.776038217102289,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d5",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Pensions",
    "value": 38.21189766784452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Bottom 40–50%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d5",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 4.5354263375252675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Bottom 40–50%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d5",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 12.742725529604416,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Bottom 40–50%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d5",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Health care",
    "value": 24.319712750716334,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Bottom 40–50%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d5",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Education",
    "value": 14.272186416861825,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Bottom 40–50%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d5",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 10.143481059596695,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Bottom 40–50%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d5",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.306759999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Bottom 40–50%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d5",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Collective services",
    "value": 32.79785865639091,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Bottom 40–50%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d5",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-d5-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1070,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-d5",
        "dna-people-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, levies paid",
    "value": 87.55965462895993,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on products + Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on production + Bottom 40–50%, Corporate tax + Bottom 40–50%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 40–50%, CSG on capital income + Bottom 40–50%, Income tax + Bottom 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 40–50%, Pension contributions + Bottom 40–50%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d5-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d5",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d5-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d5",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d5",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d5",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d5",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d5",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d5-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27.855414166718074,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d5",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 29.21048768472907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d5",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 10.119228307213529,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d5",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d5-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.6639331104805503,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d5",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.8319243187432735,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Bottom 40–50%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d5",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 10.644852423677007,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, CSG − Bottom 40–50%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-d5",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, CSG",
    "value": 11.565600307679572,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Bottom 40–50%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d5",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.9207478840025652,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Bottom 40–50%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€567m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€812m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.216034963110418,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Bottom 40–50%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Bottom 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d5",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d5",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Income tax",
    "value": 1.250717353591346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Bottom 40–50%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d5",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.2598555137572187,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d5",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 22.19513574610833,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Bottom 40–50%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d5",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, Other contributions",
    "value": 12.64977012341131,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Bottom 40–50%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d5",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d5-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D5, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 2230,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D5, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d5",
    "label": "Living standard at D5, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 26740,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 9 “Médiane (D5)”, column AG (2024), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-d6-pp",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 70,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d6",
        "dna-people-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-d6-pp",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 200,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d6",
        "dna-people-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-d6-pp",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d6",
        "dna-people-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-d6-pp",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1870,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-d6",
        "dna-people-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, transfers received",
    "value": 152.8261847946907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Subsidies on products + Top 40–50%, Subsidies on production + Top 40–50%, Pensions + Top 40–50%, Unemployment benefits + Top 40–50%, Other cash benefits + Top 40–50%, Health care + Top 40–50%, Education + Top 40–50%, Social care and housing aid + Top 40–50%, Culture and leisure + Top 40–50%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d6",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d6",
        "dna-2024-pensions-d6",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d6",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d6",
        "dna-2024-health-d6",
        "dna-2024-education-d6",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d6",
        "dna-2024-culture-d6",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.3196627333899125,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 40–50%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d6",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.615157820902797,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 40–50%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d6",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Pensions",
    "value": 42.71894200815437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 40–50%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d6",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.4508678655083562,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 40–50%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d6",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.762515873481,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 40–50%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d6",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Health care",
    "value": 26.43989283667622,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 40–50%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d6",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Education",
    "value": 13.343914129586258,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 40–50%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d6",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 9.070612870600891,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 40–50%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d6",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.306759999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 40–50%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d6",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Collective services",
    "value": 32.79785865639091,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 40–50%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d6",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-d6-pp",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1250,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 40–50%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-d6",
        "dna-people-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, levies paid",
    "value": 101.98987401221719,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Taxes on products + Top 40–50%, Taxes on production + Top 40–50%, Corporate tax + Top 40–50%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 40–50%, CSG on capital income + Top 40–50%, Income tax + Top 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 40–50%, Pension contributions + Top 40–50%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d6-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d6",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d6-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d6",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d6",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d6",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d6",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d6",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d6-resident",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 31.166896969754486,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d6",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 32.683063143752804,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 40–50%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d6",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 11.55023029005181,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 40–50%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d6",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d6-resident",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.1618829433409628,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d6",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.4558675578007285,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 40–50%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d6",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 12.409192540562225,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, CSG − Top 40–50%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-d6",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, CSG",
    "value": 13.545297657642742,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 40–50%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d6",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.1361051170805165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 40–50%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€778m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.436033267543322,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 40–50%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 40–50%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d6",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d6",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.709887599447917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 40–50%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d6",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.5748193921965237,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d6",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 25.31493394335247,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 40–50%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d6",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, Other contributions",
    "value": 14.965925216430282,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 40–50%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d6",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d6-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D6, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 2490,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D6, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d6",
    "label": "Living standard at D6, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 29880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 10 “6e décile (D6)”, column AG (2024), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-d7-pp",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 90,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d7",
        "dna-people-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-d7-pp",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d7",
        "dna-people-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-d7-pp",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d7",
        "dna-people-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-d7-pp",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-d7",
        "dna-people-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, transfers received",
    "value": 153.7119600714037,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Subsidies on products + Top 30–40%, Subsidies on production + Top 30–40%, Pensions + Top 30–40%, Unemployment benefits + Top 30–40%, Other cash benefits + Top 30–40%, Health care + Top 30–40%, Education + Top 30–40%, Social care and housing aid + Top 30–40%, Culture and leisure + Top 30–40%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d7",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d7",
        "dna-2024-pensions-d7",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d7",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d7",
        "dna-2024-health-d7",
        "dna-2024-education-d7",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d7",
        "dna-2024-culture-d7",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.459006692531522,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 30–40%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d7",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.454277424703306,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 30–40%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d7",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Pensions",
    "value": 43.79671348083718,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 30–40%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d7",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.7466565396947864,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 30–40%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d7",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.566473942256314,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 30–40%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d7",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Health care",
    "value": 26.938758739255018,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 30–40%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d7",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Education",
    "value": 12.647709914129582,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 30–40%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d7",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 7.997744681605086,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 30–40%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d7",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.306759999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 30–40%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d7",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Collective services",
    "value": 32.79785865639091,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 30–40%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d7",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-d7-pp",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 30–40%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-d7",
        "dna-people-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, levies paid",
    "value": 122.27703492062699,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Taxes on products + Top 30–40%, Taxes on production + Top 30–40%, Corporate tax + Top 30–40%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 30–40%, CSG on capital income + Top 30–40%, Income tax + Top 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 30–40%, Pension contributions + Top 30–40%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d7-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d7",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d7-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d7",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d7",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d7",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d7",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d7",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d7-resident",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 33.309621136425115,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d7",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 34.930023734885815,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 30–40%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d7",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.003376546345997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 30–40%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d7",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d7-resident",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.2448745821510316,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d7",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.5598580976436378,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 30–40%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d7",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 14.99880540137296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, CSG − Top 30–40%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-d7",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, CSG",
    "value": 16.35855178653777,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 30–40%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d7",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.3597463851648104,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 30–40%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€989m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 7.702960614094548,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 30–40%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 30–40%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d7",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d7",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.690190075967547,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 30–40%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d7",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.7847953111560602,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d7",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 31.73280452054043,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 30–40%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d7",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, Other contributions",
    "value": 19.15282096150304,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 30–40%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d7",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d7-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 2810,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d7",
    "label": "Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 33680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 11 “7e décile (D7)”, column AG (2024), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-d8-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 130,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d8",
        "dna-people-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-d8-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 250,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d8",
        "dna-people-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-d8-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 60,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d8",
        "dna-people-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-d8-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1820,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-d8",
        "dna-people-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, transfers received",
    "value": 148.38614818772277,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Subsidies on products + Top 20–30%, Subsidies on production + Top 20–30%, Pensions + Top 20–30%, Unemployment benefits + Top 20–30%, Other cash benefits + Top 20–30%, Health care + Top 20–30%, Education + Top 20–30%, Social care and housing aid + Top 20–30%, Culture and leisure + Top 20–30%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d8",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d8",
        "dna-2024-pensions-d8",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d8",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d8",
        "dna-2024-health-d8",
        "dna-2024-education-d8",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d8",
        "dna-2024-culture-d8",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.737694610814742,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 20–30%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d8",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 6.712956830404069,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 20–30%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d8",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Pensions",
    "value": 46.83406944930686,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 20–30%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d8",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.352271640779546,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 20–30%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d8",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.664494907868656,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 20–30%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d8",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Health care",
    "value": 19.455770200573067,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 20–30%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d8",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Education",
    "value": 12.647709914129583,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 20–30%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d8",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 6.437209133974825,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 20–30%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d8",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.306759999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 20–30%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d8",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Collective services",
    "value": 32.23721149987141,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 20–30%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d8",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-d8-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–30%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-d8",
        "dna-people-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, levies paid",
    "value": 149.9149564858929,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Taxes on products + Top 20–30%, Taxes on production + Top 20–30%, Corporate tax + Top 20–30%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 20–30%, CSG on capital income + Top 20–30%, Income tax + Top 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 20–30%, Pension contributions + Top 20–30%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d8-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d8",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d8-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d8",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d8",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d8",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d8",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d8",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d8-resident",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 36.523707386431035,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d8",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 38.30046462158531,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 20–30%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d8",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 16.865380512022554,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 20–30%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d8",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d8-resident",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.4067575254919946,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d8",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.0157256554443665,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 20–30%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d8",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 17.792816064463885,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, CSG − Top 20–30%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-d8",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, CSG",
    "value": 19.484389707532255,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 20–30%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d8",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.6915736430683705,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 20–30%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1.4bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.5bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 9.582761381503323,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 20–30%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 20–30%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d8",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d8",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Income tax",
    "value": 8.963474367404647,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 20–30%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d8",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.3097351085549014,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d8",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 38.77463473717721,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 20–30%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d8",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, Other contributions",
    "value": 24.586877141278322,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 20–30%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d8",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d8-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D8, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 3230,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D8, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d8",
    "label": "Living standard at D8, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 38780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 12 “8e décile (D8)”, column AG (2024), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-d9-pp",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d9",
        "dna-people-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-d9-pp",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d9",
        "dna-people-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-d9-pp",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 90,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d9",
        "dna-people-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-d9-pp",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-d9",
        "dna-people-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, transfers received",
    "value": 158.073256682586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Subsidies on products + Top 10–20%, Subsidies on production + Top 10–20%, Pensions + Top 10–20%, Unemployment benefits + Top 10–20%, Other cash benefits + Top 10–20%, Health care + Top 10–20%, Education + Top 10–20%, Social care and housing aid + Top 10–20%, Culture and leisure + Top 10–20%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d9",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d9",
        "dna-2024-pensions-d9",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d9",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d9",
        "dna-2024-health-d9",
        "dna-2024-education-d9",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d9",
        "dna-2024-culture-d9",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.877038569956352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 10–20%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d9",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 8.53104930530517,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 10–20%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d9",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Pensions",
    "value": 51.243134564827386,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 10–20%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d9",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.6480603149659765,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 10–20%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d9",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.762515873481,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 10–20%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d9",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Health care",
    "value": 23.07254799426934,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 10–20%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d9",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Education",
    "value": 12.067539734582356,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 10–20%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d9",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 6.0470752470672595,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 10–20%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d9",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.306759999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 10–20%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d9",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Collective services",
    "value": 32.51753507813116,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 10–20%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d9",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-d9-pp",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-d9",
        "dna-people-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, levies paid",
    "value": 191.29343043460634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Taxes on products + Top 10–20%, Taxes on production + Top 10–20%, Corporate tax + Top 10–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 10–20%, CSG on capital income + Top 10–20%, Income tax + Top 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 10–20%, Pension contributions + Top 10–20%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d9-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d9",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d9-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d9",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d9",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d9",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d9",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d9",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d9-resident",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 40.322172954619866,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d9",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.28371294223019,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 10–20%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d9",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 20.74952875115502,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 10–20%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d9",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d9-resident",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.8176153852631636,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d9",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.7835648327738225,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 10–20%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d9",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 21.794369354688865,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, CSG − Top 10–20%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-d9",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, CSG",
    "value": 24.17314658902397,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 10–20%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d9",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.3787772343351046,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 10–20%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2.2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 13.475768382768763,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 10–20%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 10–20%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d9",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d9",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Income tax",
    "value": 16.780457827350563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 10–20%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d9",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.4646026628323514,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d9",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 48.75798896835846,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 10–20%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d9",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, Other contributions",
    "value": 33.22791729600295,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 10–20%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d9",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d9-month",
    "label": "Living standard at D9, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 4050,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D9, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-d9",
    "label": "Living standard at D9, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 48580,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 13 “9e décile (D9)”, column AG (2024), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-d10-pp",
    "label": "Top 10%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d10",
        "dna-people-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-d10-pp",
    "label": "Top 10%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d10",
        "dna-people-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-d10-pp",
    "label": "Top 10%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1240,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-d10",
        "dna-people-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-d10-pp",
    "label": "Top 10%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2230,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-d10",
        "dna-people-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, transfers received",
    "value": 182.22831674188097,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Subsidies on products + Top 10%, Subsidies on production + Top 10%, Pensions + Top 10%, Unemployment benefits + Top 10%, Other cash benefits + Top 10%, Health care + Top 10%, Education + Top 10%, Social care and housing aid + Top 10%, Culture and leisure + Top 10%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d10",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d10",
        "dna-2024-pensions-d10",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d10",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d10",
        "dna-2024-health-d10",
        "dna-2024-education-d10",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d10",
        "dna-2024-culture-d10",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 5.713102324806012,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 10%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-d10",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 16.502685541410003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 10%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-d10",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Pensions",
    "value": 65.2541637097037,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 10%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-d10",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 5.324196135355749,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 10%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-d10",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 14.507102910626562,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 10%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-d10",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Health care",
    "value": 19.829919627507163,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 10%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-d10",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Education",
    "value": 12.067539734582354,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 10%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-d10",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 5.364340944979022,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 10%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-d10",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.306759999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 10%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-d10",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Collective services",
    "value": 33.358505812910416,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 10%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-d10",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-d10-pp",
    "label": "Top 10%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 5080,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 10%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-d10",
        "dna-people-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, levies paid",
    "value": 414.35038803695056,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Taxes on products + Top 10%, Taxes on production + Top 10%, Corporate tax + Top 10%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 10%, CSG on capital income + Top 10%, Income tax + Top 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 10%, Pension contributions + Top 10%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d10-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d10",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d10-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d10",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d10",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d10",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d10",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d10",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d10-resident",
    "label": "Top 10%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 51.81496621221683,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d10",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 54.33559247648903,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 10%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-d10",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 36.18390728033929,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 10%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-d10",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d10-resident",
    "label": "Top 10%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 53.19764047725408,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d10",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 66.65793603930479,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 10%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-d10",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 38.82118140458242,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, CSG − Top 10%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-d10",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, CSG",
    "value": 46.574985022817735,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 10%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-d10",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 7.75380361823532,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 10%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€10.3bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€9bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 43.925282341126525,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 10%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 10%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-d10",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-tenths",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-d10",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-tenths"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Income tax",
    "value": 68.05986932459575,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 10%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-d10",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 12.283591259132885,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-d10",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 82.89749495534437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 10%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-d10",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, Other contributions",
    "value": 63.3379335052496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 10%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-d10",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-d1d2d3d4d5d6d7d8d9d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-abroad",
    "label": "Outside France, levies paid",
    "value": 166.8527187079341,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Outside France, Taxes on products + Outside France, Corporate tax + Lenders outside France + International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-abroad",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-abroad",
        "dna-2024-bw-abroad",
        "dna-2024-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2024-row-d9rec_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-abroad",
    "label": "Outside France, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.095329469870737,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-abroad",
    "label": "Outside France, Corporate tax",
    "value": 16.400141706648352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-bw-abroad",
    "label": "Lenders outside France",
    "value": 124.936247531415,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of borrowing lent by non-residents.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Borrowing × Share of net borrowing from abroad ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-borrowing",
        "dna-2024-takeup-abroad"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-companies-in",
    "label": "Levies through companies",
    "value": 537.3496116173121,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax: companies pay them, people bear them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production + Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest",
    "label": "CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 135.72219057069123,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG − CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-bw-res",
    "label": "Lenders in France",
    "value": 64.4427759446682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of borrowing lent by resident banks, insurers, funds and households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Borrowing × Share of net borrowing from other lenders in France ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-borrowing",
        "dna-2024-takeup-residents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-gov",
    "label": "General government",
    "value": 1692.9691234760833,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Everything general government receives: the levies Insee attributes to people, other revenue, borrowing and transfers from abroad.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production + Corporate tax + CSG on earnings and benefits + CSG on capital income + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth + Pension contributions + Other contributions + Lenders in France + Other revenue + Inheritance and gift duties + Lenders outside France + International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-2024-bw-res",
        "dna-2024-other-revenue",
        "capital-dmtg-2024",
        "dna-2024-bw-abroad",
        "dna-2024-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2024-row-d9rec_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-int-bdf",
    "label": "Banque de France",
    "value": 11.91814547703194,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of debt interest paid to the Banque de France.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Debt interest × Share of public debt held by the Banque de France ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-gf0107",
        "dna-2024-held-bdf"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-int-res",
    "label": "Lenders in France",
    "value": 16.392297445273808,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of debt interest paid to resident holders other than the Banque de France; Insee already counts what reaches households through insurers and funds in their primary income, so it is not drawn on to any group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Debt interest × Share of public debt held by other lenders in France ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-gf0107",
        "dna-2024-held-residents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-bw-bdf",
    "label": "Repaid to the Banque de France",
    "value": 20.260923476083196,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public debt this holder let mature or sold, net, over the year: the State repaid it with new borrowing.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Borrowing × −Share of net borrowing from the Banque de France ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-borrowing",
        "dna-2024-takeup-bdf"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unattributed-rest",
    "label": "Unclassified spending",
    "value": 0.914199999999969,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The gap between Eurostat's total spending and its later breakdown by purpose.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Debt interest and unclassified − Lenders outside France − Banque de France − Lenders in France",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unattributed",
        "dna-2024-int-abroad",
        "dna-2024-int-bdf",
        "dna-2024-int-res"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unattributed",
    "label": "Debt interest and unclassified",
    "value": 59784.399999999965,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Public spending that no category takes, transfers abroad aside: debt interest, and the gap between Eurostat's total and its later breakdown by purpose.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Public spending − Social protection − Health − Education − Recreation, culture and religion − Collective services, economic affairs and subsidies, at home − EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) − International cooperation paid − Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-te",
        "dna-2024-gf10",
        "dna-2024-gf07",
        "dna-2024-gf09",
        "dna-2024-gf08",
        "dna-2024-collective-net",
        "dna-2024-row-d76pay",
        "dna-2024-row-d74pay",
        "dna-2024-row-d9pay_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-te",
    "label": "Public spending",
    "value": 1672708.2,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Total expenditure of general government. General government (S13): the State, local authorities and the social security funds, consolidated so that transfers between them cancel out.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_main",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-07-21T11:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_main?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-int-abroad",
    "label": "Lenders outside France",
    "value": 30.559757077694243,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of debt interest paid to non-resident holders.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Debt interest × Share of public debt held outside France ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-gf0107",
        "dna-2024-held-abroad"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-companies-out",
    "label": "Subsidies through companies",
    "value": 98.0140150339476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies on products and on production: companies receive them, people gain from them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-abroad",
    "label": "Outside France, transfers received",
    "value": 63.88975707769424,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Lenders outside France + EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) + International cooperation paid + Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-int-abroad",
        "dna-2024-row-d76pay",
        "dna-2024-row-d74pay",
        "dna-2024-row-d9pay_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, levies through companies",
    "value": 21.62719360815666,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Taxes on products + Bottom 10%, Taxes on production + Bottom 10%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d1-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d1",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d1-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, levies through companies",
    "value": 25.239414043461522,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on products + Bottom 10–20%, Taxes on production + Bottom 10–20%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d2-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d2",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d2-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, levies through companies",
    "value": 30.77080441966011,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on products + Bottom 20–30%, Taxes on production + Bottom 20–30%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d3-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d3",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d3-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, levies through companies",
    "value": 35.25959383223931,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on products + Bottom 30–40%, Taxes on production + Bottom 30–40%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d4-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d4",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d4-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, levies through companies",
    "value": 38.63857558441215,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on products + Bottom 40–50%, Taxes on production + Bottom 40–50%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d5-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d5",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d5-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, levies through companies",
    "value": 43.87901020314726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Taxes on products + Top 40–50%, Taxes on production + Top 40–50%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d6-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d6",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d6-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, levies through companies",
    "value": 48.557872264922146,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Taxes on products + Top 30–40%, Taxes on production + Top 30–40%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d7-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d7",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d7-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, levies through companies",
    "value": 55.795845423945586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Taxes on products + Top 20–30%, Taxes on production + Top 20–30%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d8-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d8",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d8-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, levies through companies",
    "value": 64.88931709103805,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Taxes on products + Top 10–20%, Taxes on production + Top 10–20%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d9-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d9",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d9-resident"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, levies through companies",
    "value": 141.1965139698102,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Taxes on products + Top 10%, Taxes on production + Top 10%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-d10-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-d10",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-d10-resident"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-abroad",
    "label": "Outside France, levies through companies",
    "value": 31.49547117651909,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Outside France, Taxes on products + Outside France, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-abroad",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-abroad"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-d1",
    "label": "Bottom 10%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 4.6008971924655055,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 10%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d1",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-d2",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 5.440016796266014,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 10–20%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d2",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-d3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 6.557824318349743,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 20–30%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d3",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d3"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-d4",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 7.536287881291862,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 30–40%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d4",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-d5",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 7.9563569913505905,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 40–50%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d5",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-d6",
    "label": "Top 40–50%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 8.93482055429271,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Subsidies on products + Top 40–50%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d6",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d6"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-d7",
    "label": "Top 30–40%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 9.913284117234827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Subsidies on products + Top 30–40%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d7",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d7"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-d8",
    "label": "Top 20–30%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 11.450651441218811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Subsidies on products + Top 20–30%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d8",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d8"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-d9",
    "label": "Top 10–20%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 13.408087875261522,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Subsidies on products + Top 10–20%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d9",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d9"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-d10",
    "label": "Top 10%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 22.215787866216015,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Subsidies on products + Top 10%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-d10",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-d10"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-l-kind-2",
    "label": "Taxes on products and production, 2024",
    "value": 456.13300000000004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
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      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-l-kind-capital",
    "label": "Taxes on capital, 2024",
    "value": 98.86886837008326,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
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    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax + CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
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    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on earnings and benefits + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest",
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-l-kind-1",
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    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-subsidies",
    "label": "Subsidies, 2024",
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    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-4",
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    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2024-other_cash"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-5",
    "label": "Transfers in kind, 2024",
    "value": 566.2949276183746,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
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        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2024-culture"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d1-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Bottom 10% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 4.254545886116811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 10%, Income tax + Bottom 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d1",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d1",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d1-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Bottom 10% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 5.2580043265042224,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Pension contributions + Bottom 10%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d1",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d2-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 3.9085190978963906,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 10–20%, Income tax + Bottom 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d2",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d2",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d2-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Bottom 10–20% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 13.189579361935472,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Pension contributions + Bottom 10–20%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d2",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d3-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 6.8195237820034675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 20–30%, Income tax + Bottom 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d3",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d3",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d3-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Bottom 20–30% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 19.96253481928928,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Pension contributions + Bottom 20–30%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d3",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d4-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 10.238329878565006,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 30–40%, Income tax + Bottom 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d4",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d4",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d4-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Bottom 30–40% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 27.62664437751424,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Pension contributions + Bottom 30–40%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d4",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d5-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 13.155425291025571,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 40–50%, Income tax + Bottom 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d5",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d5",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d5-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Bottom 40–50% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 34.84490586951964,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Pension contributions + Bottom 40–50%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d5",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d6-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 40–50% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 16.693899532206665,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 40–50%, Income tax + Top 40–50%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d6",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d6",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d6-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 40–50% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 40.28085915978275,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Pension contributions + Top 40–50%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d6",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d7-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 30–40% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 21.47379078849657,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 30–40%, Income tax + Top 30–40%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d7",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d7",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d7-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 30–40% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 50.885625482043466,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Pension contributions + Top 30–40%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d7",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d8-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 20–30% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 29.066025540423432,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 20–30%, Income tax + Top 20–30%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d8",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d8",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d8-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 20–30% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 63.36151187845553,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Pension contributions + Top 20–30%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d8",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d9-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 10–20% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 42.039429844871776,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 10–20%, Income tax + Top 10–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d9",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d9",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d9-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 10–20% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 81.9859062643614,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Pension contributions + Top 10–20%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d9",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d10-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 10% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 119.16464198831106,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 10%, Income tax + Top 10%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-d10",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-d10",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-d10-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 10% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 146.23542846059397,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Pension contributions + Top 10%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-d10",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-p-abroad-gov",
    "label": "Outside France → General government, 2024",
    "value": 135.357247531415,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Lenders outside France + International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-bw-abroad",
        "dna-2024-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2024-row-d9rec_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-co-in-l-kind-2",
    "label": "Through companies → Taxes on products and production, 2024",
    "value": 456.13300000000004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-l-kind-2-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on products and production → General government, 2024",
    "value": 456.13300000000004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-l-kind-capital-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on capital → General government, 2024",
    "value": 98.86886837008326,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax + CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-l-kind-3-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on income and wealth → General government, 2024",
    "value": 266.81413162991674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on earnings and benefits + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest",
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-l-kind-1-gov",
    "label": "Social contributions → General government, 2024",
    "value": 483.631,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-gov-t-kind-subsidies",
    "label": "General government → Subsidies, 2024",
    "value": 98.0140150339476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-gov-t-kind-4",
    "label": "General government → Cash benefits, 2024",
    "value": 579.5973723816254,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2024-other_cash"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-gov-t-kind-5",
    "label": "General government → Transfers in kind, 2024",
    "value": 566.2949276183746,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2024-culture"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-subsidies-co-out",
    "label": "Subsidies → Through companies, 2024",
    "value": 98.0140150339476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d1",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Bottom 10%, 2024",
    "value": 36.49273970930861,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Pensions + Bottom 10%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 10%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-d1",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d1",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d1",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Bottom 10%, 2024",
    "value": 68.01993660035521,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10%, Health care + Bottom 10%, Education + Bottom 10%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 10%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-d1",
        "dna-2024-education-d1",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d1",
        "dna-2024-culture-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d2",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Bottom 10–20%, 2024",
    "value": 48.543692580927555,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Pensions + Bottom 10–20%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 10–20%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-d2",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d2",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d2",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Bottom 10–20%, 2024",
    "value": 78.96147725686455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 10–20%, Health care + Bottom 10–20%, Education + Bottom 10–20%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 10–20%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-d2",
        "dna-2024-education-d2",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d2",
        "dna-2024-culture-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d3",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Bottom 20–30%, 2024",
    "value": 54.31867780271229,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Pensions + Bottom 20–30%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 20–30%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-d3",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d3",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d3",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Bottom 20–30%, 2024",
    "value": 65.28000501872688,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 20–30%, Health care + Bottom 20–30%, Education + Bottom 20–30%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 20–30%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-d3",
        "dna-2024-education-d3",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d3",
        "dna-2024-culture-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d4",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Bottom 30–40%, 2024",
    "value": 54.12003353685526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Pensions + Bottom 30–40%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 30–40%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-d4",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d4",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d4",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Bottom 30–40%, 2024",
    "value": 66.02928281173504,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 30–40%, Health care + Bottom 30–40%, Education + Bottom 30–40%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 30–40%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-d4",
        "dna-2024-education-d4",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d4",
        "dna-2024-culture-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d5",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Bottom 40–50%, 2024",
    "value": 55.4900495349742,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Pensions + Bottom 40–50%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 40–50%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-d5",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d5",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d5",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Bottom 40–50%, 2024",
    "value": 53.042140227174855,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 40–50%, Health care + Bottom 40–50%, Education + Bottom 40–50%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 40–50%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-d5",
        "dna-2024-education-d5",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d5",
        "dna-2024-culture-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d6",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 40–50%, 2024",
    "value": 57.93232574714373,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Pensions + Top 40–50%, Unemployment benefits + Top 40–50%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-d6",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d6",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d6",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 40–50%, 2024",
    "value": 53.16117983686336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 40–50%, Health care + Top 40–50%, Education + Top 40–50%, Social care and housing aid + Top 40–50%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-d6",
        "dna-2024-education-d6",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d6",
        "dna-2024-culture-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d7",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 30–40%, 2024",
    "value": 59.10984396278828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Pensions + Top 30–40%, Unemployment benefits + Top 30–40%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-d7",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d7",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d7",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 30–40%, 2024",
    "value": 51.89097333498968,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 30–40%, Health care + Top 30–40%, Education + Top 30–40%, Social care and housing aid + Top 30–40%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-d7",
        "dna-2024-education-d7",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d7",
        "dna-2024-culture-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d8",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 20–30%, 2024",
    "value": 61.850835997955066,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Pensions + Top 20–30%, Unemployment benefits + Top 20–30%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-d8",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d8",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d8",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 20–30%, 2024",
    "value": 42.84744924867747,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–30%, Health care + Top 20–30%, Education + Top 20–30%, Social care and housing aid + Top 20–30%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-d8",
        "dna-2024-education-d8",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d8",
        "dna-2024-culture-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d9",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 10–20%, 2024",
    "value": 66.65371075327437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Pensions + Top 10–20%, Unemployment benefits + Top 10–20%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-d9",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d9",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d9",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 10–20%, 2024",
    "value": 45.493922975918956,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10–20%, Health care + Top 10–20%, Education + Top 10–20%, Social care and housing aid + Top 10–20%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-d9",
        "dna-2024-education-d9",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d9",
        "dna-2024-culture-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-4-r-d10",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 10%, 2024",
    "value": 85.08546275568601,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Pensions + Top 10%, Unemployment benefits + Top 10%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-d10",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-d10",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-t-kind-5-r-d10",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 10%, 2024",
    "value": 41.56856030706854,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 10%, Health care + Top 10%, Education + Top 10%, Social care and housing aid + Top 10%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-d10",
        "dna-2024-education-d10",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-d10",
        "dna-2024-culture-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-tenths-kind-gov-r-abroad",
    "label": "General government → Outside France, 2024",
    "value": 63.88975707769424,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Lenders outside France + EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) + International cooperation paid + Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-int-abroad",
        "dna-2024-row-d76pay",
        "dna-2024-row-d74pay",
        "dna-2024-row-d9pay_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-p99-rate",
    "label": "Direct tax rate, P99–99.9",
    "value": 42,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every direct tax of the tax households between P99 and P99.9 as a share of their economic income, 2016: IPP's rates by g-percentile weighted by the income of each slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ (economic income of a slice × its part in P99–99.9 × its rate) ÷ Σ (economic income × part), over P99–99.9",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-total-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-slice-p99",
    "label": "Economic income of P99–99.9, 2016",
    "value": 91.461,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Households of the slice times their average economic income: the total above the lower threshold minus the total above the upper one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Tax households above P99, 2016 × Average economic income above P99, 2016 − Tax households above P99.9, 2016 × Average economic income above P99.9, 2016) ÷ 10⁹",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ipp-count-p99",
        "dna-ipp-mean-economic-p99",
        "dna-ipp-count-p999",
        "dna-ipp-mean-economic-p999"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-count-p99",
    "label": "Tax households above P99, 2016",
    "value": 378300,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The number of tax households above the threshold.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, p. 3",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "P99: 378300 foyers"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-mean-economic-p99",
    "label": "Average economic income above P99, 2016",
    "value": 580000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average economic income of the tax households above the threshold: fiscal income plus the profits retained by the companies they control.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, p. 3, “Moy. au-delà”",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "P99: 580000 €"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-count-p999",
    "label": "Tax households above P99.9, 2016",
    "value": 37800,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The number of tax households above the threshold.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, p. 3",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "P99.9: 37800 foyers"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-mean-economic-p999",
    "label": "Average economic income above P99.9, 2016",
    "value": 3385000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average economic income of the tax households above the threshold: fiscal income plus the profits retained by the companies they control.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, p. 3, “Moy. au-delà”",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "P99.9: 3385000 €"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-total-p99",
    "label": "Direct tax rate, P99–99.9, 2016",
    "value": 42,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every direct tax (wealth tax, income tax, social levies, social contributions, corporate tax of the companies they control, a provision for gift tax) as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-top01-rate",
    "label": "Direct tax rate, top 0.1%",
    "value": 34.533824951349324,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every direct tax of the richest 0.1% of tax households, the corporate tax of the companies they control included, as a share of their economic income, 2016: IPP's rates by g-percentile weighted by the income of each slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ (economic income of a slice × its part in P99.9–100 × its rate) ÷ Σ (economic income × part), over P99.9–99.99, P99.99–99.999, P99.999–99.9998, P99.9998–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ipp-slice-p999",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p9999",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99999",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p999998",
        "dna-ipp-rate-total-p999",
        "dna-ipp-rate-total-p9999",
        "dna-ipp-rate-total-p99999",
        "dna-ipp-rate-total-p999998"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "49%",
        "source": "Bozio, Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret, Guillot and Piketty, “Predistribution vs. Redistribution: Evidence from France and the U.S.”, WID.world Working Paper 2020/22, section on Figure 9",
        "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/publications/2020/11/WID_WorkingPaper_BGGGP2020.pdf",
        "why": "The average rate of P99.9–100 in 2018 in distributional national accounts: equal-split adults, pre-tax income, indirect taxes included and all corporate tax attributed to shareholders by national-accounts rules, contributory contributions left out. IPP follows the companies each household controls in firm-level ownership data and counts direct taxes only."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-slice-p999",
    "label": "Economic income of P99.9–99.99, 2016",
    "value": 39.0096,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Households of the slice times their average economic income: the total above the lower threshold minus the total above the upper one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Tax households above P99.9, 2016 × Average economic income above P99.9, 2016 − Tax households above P99.99, 2016 × Average economic income above P99.99, 2016) ÷ 10⁹",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ipp-count-p999",
        "dna-ipp-mean-economic-p999",
        "dna-ipp-count-p9999",
        "dna-ipp-mean-economic-p9999"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-count-p9999",
    "label": "Tax households above P99.99, 2016",
    "value": 3780,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The number of tax households above the threshold.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, p. 3",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "P99.99: 3780 foyers"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-mean-economic-p9999",
    "label": "Average economic income above P99.99, 2016",
    "value": 23530000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average economic income of the tax households above the threshold: fiscal income plus the profits retained by the companies they control.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, p. 3, “Moy. au-delà”",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "P99.99: 23530000 €"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-slice-p9999",
    "label": "Economic income of P99.99–99.999, 2016",
    "value": 23.994684,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Households of the slice times their average economic income: the total above the lower threshold minus the total above the upper one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Tax households above P99.99, 2016 × Average economic income above P99.99, 2016 − Tax households above P99.999, 2016 × Average economic income above P99.999, 2016) ÷ 10⁹",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ipp-count-p9999",
        "dna-ipp-mean-economic-p9999",
        "dna-ipp-count-p99999",
        "dna-ipp-mean-economic-p99999"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-count-p99999",
    "label": "Tax households above P99.999, 2016",
    "value": 378,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The number of tax households above the threshold.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, p. 3",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "P99.999: 378 foyers"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-mean-economic-p99999",
    "label": "Average economic income above P99.999, 2016",
    "value": 171822000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average economic income of the tax households above the threshold: fiscal income plus the profits retained by the companies they control.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, p. 3, “Moy. au-delà”",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "P99.999: 171822000 €"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-slice-p99999",
    "label": "Economic income of P99.999–99.9998, 2016",
    "value": 17.360916,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Households of the slice times their average economic income: the total above the lower threshold minus the total above the upper one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Tax households above P99.999, 2016 × Average economic income above P99.999, 2016 − Tax households above P99.9998, 2016 × Average economic income above P99.9998, 2016) ÷ 10⁹",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ipp-count-p99999",
        "dna-ipp-mean-economic-p99999",
        "dna-ipp-count-p999998",
        "dna-ipp-mean-economic-p999998"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-count-p999998",
    "label": "Tax households above P99.9998, 2016",
    "value": 75,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The number of tax households above the threshold.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, p. 3",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "P99.9998: 75 foyers"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-mean-economic-p999998",
    "label": "Average economic income above P99.9998, 2016",
    "value": 634504000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average economic income of the tax households above the threshold: fiscal income plus the profits retained by the companies they control.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, p. 3, “Moy. au-delà”",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "P99.9998: 634504000 €"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-slice-p999998",
    "label": "Economic income of P99.9998–100, 2016",
    "value": 47.5878,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Households above the threshold times their average economic income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Tax households above P99.9998, 2016 × Average economic income above P99.9998, 2016 ÷ 10⁹",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ipp-count-p999998",
        "dna-ipp-mean-economic-p999998"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-total-p999",
    "label": "Direct tax rate, P99.9–99.99, 2016",
    "value": 45,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every direct tax (wealth tax, income tax, social levies, social contributions, corporate tax of the companies they control, a provision for gift tax) as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-total-p9999",
    "label": "Direct tax rate, P99.99–99.999, 2016",
    "value": 37,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every direct tax (wealth tax, income tax, social levies, social contributions, corporate tax of the companies they control, a provision for gift tax) as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-total-p99999",
    "label": "Direct tax rate, P99.999–99.9998, 2016",
    "value": 31,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every direct tax (wealth tax, income tax, social levies, social contributions, corporate tax of the companies they control, a provision for gift tax) as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-total-p999998",
    "label": "Direct tax rate, P99.9998–100, 2016",
    "value": 26,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every direct tax (wealth tax, income tax, social levies, social contributions, corporate tax of the companies they control, a provision for gift tax) as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-ipp-personal",
    "label": "Personal taxes, the 378 richest households",
    "value": 2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal taxes (income tax, social levies, wealth tax) as a share of economic income, for the richest 0.001% of tax households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "p. 4",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "jusqu'à ne représenter plus que 2 % du revenu économique parmi les 378 ménages les plus aisés"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-top01-personal-rate",
    "label": "Personal tax rate, top 0.1%",
    "value": 9.766920822489508,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Wealth tax, income tax and social levies of the richest 0.1% of tax households as a share of their economic income, 2016: IPP's rates by g-percentile weighted by the income of each slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ (economic income of a slice × its part in P99.9–100 × its rate) ÷ Σ (economic income × part), over P99.9–99.99, P99.99–99.999, P99.999–99.9998, P99.9998–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ipp-slice-p999",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p9999",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99999",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p999998",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p999",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p9999",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99999",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p999998"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p999",
    "label": "Personal tax rate, P99.9–99.99, 2016",
    "value": 20,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Wealth tax, income tax and social levies on capital income and earnings as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p9999",
    "label": "Personal tax rate, P99.99–99.999, 2016",
    "value": 10,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Wealth tax, income tax and social levies on capital income and earnings as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99999",
    "label": "Personal tax rate, P99.999–99.9998, 2016",
    "value": 5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Wealth tax, income tax and social levies on capital income and earnings as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p999998",
    "label": "Personal tax rate, P99.9998–100, 2016",
    "value": 3,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Wealth tax, income tax and social levies on capital income and earnings as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-wid-999",
    "label": "P99.9–100's part of the top 5%'s income, WID",
    "value": 19.32050757265657,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The same part in WID's pre-tax income, adults ranked by their own income: an upper bound, since ranking people by another variable can only lower the share the top holds.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "WID pre-tax income share above P99.9 ÷ WID pre-tax income share above P95 × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-wid-s-p99.9p100",
        "dna-2023-wid-s-p95p100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-wid-s-p99.9p100",
    "label": "WID pre-tax income share above P99.9",
    "value": 4.72,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of pre-tax national income going to the adults above this percentile, adults ranked by their own pre-tax income, income split equally between spouses.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID_data_FR.csv, wid_all_data.zip (last modified 9 September 2026)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable sptincj992, percentile p99.9p100, year 2023; extract raw/wid_FR_top_shares.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-wid-s-p95p100",
    "label": "WID pre-tax income share above P95",
    "value": 24.43,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of pre-tax national income going to the adults above this percentile, adults ranked by their own pre-tax income, income split equally between spouses.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID_data_FR.csv, wid_all_data.zip (last modified 9 September 2026)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable sptincj992, percentile p95p100, year 2023; extract raw/wid_FR_top_shares.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-wid-99",
    "label": "P99–100's part of the top 5%'s income, WID",
    "value": 48.383135489152686,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The same part in WID's pre-tax income, adults ranked by their own income: an upper bound, since ranking people by another variable can only lower the share the top holds.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "WID pre-tax income share above P99 ÷ WID pre-tax income share above P95 × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-wid-s-p99p100",
        "dna-2023-wid-s-p95p100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-wid-s-p99p100",
    "label": "WID pre-tax income share above P99",
    "value": 11.82,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of pre-tax national income going to the adults above this percentile, adults ranked by their own pre-tax income, income split equally between spouses.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID_data_FR.csv, wid_all_data.zip (last modified 9 September 2026)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable sptincj992, percentile p99p100, year 2023; extract raw/wid_FR_top_shares.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-top-999",
    "label": "P99.9–100's part of the top 5%'s income",
    "value": 13.350574925603635,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the top 5%'s extended primary income held above this rank of Insee's ranking, on the generalized Pareto tail.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share above P99.9 ÷ share above P95, on the tail",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-top-99",
    "label": "P99–100's part of the top 5%'s income",
    "value": 43.48524718841477,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the top 5%'s extended primary income held above this rank of Insee's ranking, on the generalized Pareto tail.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share above P99 ÷ share above P95, on the tail",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, people",
    "value": 22777700,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-90"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-edge-90",
    "label": "Rank above which people hold 90% of income",
    "value": 33.30073126142598,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rank in Insee's ranking by living standard above which people hold this share of extended primary income: linear between Insee's twentieths below P95, on the generalized Pareto tail above.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of primary income above the rank = 90%, on Insee's curve (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490 above P95)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 110,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€110",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€110",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€110",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€110",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€110",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 10,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€10",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€10",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€10",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€10",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€10",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 3.630073126142598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V1: 0.7; row 10, V2: 0.4; row 10, V3: 0.4; row 10, V4: 0.5; row 10, V5: 0.5; row 10, V6: 0.8; row 10, V7: 0.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1860,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s1",
        "dna-2023-people-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,860",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,860",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,860",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,860",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,860",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, transfers received",
    "value": 507.91459624747495,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 33%, Pensions + Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 33%, Health care + Bottom 33%, Education + Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 33%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s1",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s1",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s1",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s1",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s1",
        "dna-2023-health-s1",
        "dna-2023-education-s1",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s1",
        "dna-2023-culture-s1",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 13.341307827307322,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 9.656234003656314,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V1: 1.4; row 19, V2: 1.4; row 19, V3: 1.4; row 19, V4: 1.4; row 19, V5: 1.5; row 19, V6: 1.5; row 19, V7: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 31.999999999999996,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products + Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products + Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products + Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products + Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.730740216153726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V7: 1.6; row 19, V8: 1.5; row 19, V9: 1.5; row 19, V10: 1.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.8432190660495764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V10: 1.5; row 19, V11: 1.5; row 19, V12: 1.6; row 19, V13: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.249908668261029,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V13: 1.6; row 19, V14: 1.6; row 19, V15: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.8295692997019852,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V15: 1.7; row 19, V16: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.3747744939779567,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V16: 1.7; row 19, V17: 1.7; row 19, V18: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.941443344775032,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V18: 1.8; row 19, V19: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.3739348722173212,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, below P95",
    "value": 0.9741109074243809,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V19: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, above P95",
    "value": 0.3998239647929404,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.0000880176034377,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.20001760352085696,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2000176035204241,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.20001760352126055,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2000176035209089,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.20001760352017106,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.582981885758268,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.026160877513716,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V1: 0.2; row 21, V2: 0.3; row 21, V3: 0.5; row 21, V4: 0.6; row 21, V5: 0.8; row 21, V6: 0.9; row 21, V7: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 38.19999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production + Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production + Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production + Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production + Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.9816817276423215,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V7: 1.1; row 21, V8: 1.2; row 21, V9: 1.3; row 21, V10: 1.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.103011921802257,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V10: 1.4; row 21, V11: 1.6; row 21, V12: 1.7; row 21, V13: 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.038695175675519,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V13: 1.9; row 21, V14: 2; row 21, V15: 2.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.017613905928878,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V15: 2.3; row 21, V16: 2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.004320262405051,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V16: 2.5; row 21, V17: 2.8; row 21, V18: 3.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.979189822891103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V18: 3.3; row 21, V19: 4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.6320948598518377,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, below P95",
    "value": 2.349326306141154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V19: 4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, above P95",
    "value": 1.2827685537106839,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 7.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.2086157231443626,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.641723144629416,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.6417231446280274,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.641723144630711,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.6417231446295827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.6417231446272156,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Pensions",
    "value": 74.20793209198074,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Bottom 33%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Pensions",
    "value": 79.77872029250464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V1: 2.4; row 31, V2: 8.2; row 31, V3: 10.5; row 31, V4: 12.2; row 31, V5: 15.3; row 31, V6: 18.9; row 31, V7: 18.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Pensions",
    "value": 397.79999999999995,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Pensions + Bottom 33–49%, Pensions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions + Top 29–39%, Pensions + Top 20–29%, Pensions + Top 13–20%, Pensions + Top 7.9–13%, Pensions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions + Top 0.04%, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Pensions",
    "value": 58.82673425294988,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V7: 18.6; row 31, V8: 17.7; row 31, V9: 18.9; row 31, V10: 20.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions",
    "value": 53.4139452510867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V10: 20.1; row 31, V11: 20.2; row 31, V12: 23.4; row 31, V13: 20.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Pensions",
    "value": 45.604338521215766,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V13: 20.9; row 31, V14: 23.8; row 31, V15: 23.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Pensions",
    "value": 39.96383813484239,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V15: 23.1; row 31, V16: 24.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Pensions",
    "value": 34.77133263830971,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V16: 24.7; row 31, V17: 24.4; row 31, V18: 27.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Pensions",
    "value": 31.736297141904842,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V18: 27.9; row 31, V19: 30.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 28.067997017194735,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, below P95",
    "value": 17.30479376718606,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V19: 30.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, above P95",
    "value": 10.763203250008674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Pensions",
    "value": 36.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions",
    "value": 18.93545176082968,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 2.3594098524645335,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.863074281963679,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.355503009223428,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.8337800132251758,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.28957783228482764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 17.082881194421706,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 18.25036563071299,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V1: 2.5; row 32, V2: 3.3; row 32, V3: 2.9; row 32, V4: 2.8; row 32, V5: 2.9; row 32, V6: 2.2; row 32, V7: 2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 45.800000000000004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits + Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits + Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits + Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 7.332266662367063,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V7: 2.5; row 32, V8: 2.3; row 32, V9: 2.6; row 32, V10: 2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 4.455109314244467,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V10: 2; row 32, V11: 1.6; row 32, V12: 1.9; row 32, V13: 2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.7706016382149863,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V13: 2; row 32, V14: 1.8; row 32, V15: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.8066414639406165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V15: 1.8; row 32, V16: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.5694610383204646,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V16: 1.6; row 32, V17: 1.9; row 32, V18: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.4538356454166457,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V18: 1.8; row 32, V19: 2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.400949599228418,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, below P95",
    "value": 1.6617186067827674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V19: 2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, above P95",
    "value": 0.7392309924456507,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 1.3005117967602802,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.16204737997695973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.1279583984865164,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.09309773414996071,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.057265110798432405,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.0198885873821997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 58.45743126599361,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 62.81906764168191,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V1: 0.2; row 33, V2: 0.4; row 33, V3: 0.6; row 33, V4: 0.7; row 33, V5: 0.9; row 33, V6: 1; row 33, V7: 1.2; row 34, V1: 3.2; row 34, V2: 4; row 34, V3: 3.2; row 34, V4: 3; row 34, V5: 2.7; row 34, V6: 2.5; row 34, V7: 1.8; row 35, V1: 5.6; row 35, V2: 4.4; row 35, V3: 4.1; row 35, V4: 4.3; row 35, V5: 2.7; row 35, V6: 1.9; row 35, V7: 2; row 36, V1: 0.5; row 36, V2: 1.7; row 36, V3: 2.1; row 36, V4: 1.5; row 36, V5: 1.3; row 36, V6: 1.3; row 36, V7: 1.3; row 37, V1: 0.4; row 37, V2: 0.4; row 37, V3: 0.8; row 37, V4: 0.8; row 37, V5: 0.9; row 37, V6: 0.9; row 37, V7: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 147.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits + Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits + Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits + Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.966224081520235,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V7: 1.2; row 33, V8: 1.4; row 33, V9: 1.5; row 33, V10: 1.6; row 34, V7: 1.8; row 34, V8: 1.9; row 34, V9: 1.7; row 34, V10: 1.7; row 35, V7: 2; row 35, V8: 1.6; row 35, V9: 1.4; row 35, V10: 0.9; row 36, V7: 1.3; row 36, V8: 0.9; row 36, V9: 1.1; row 36, V10: 1.1; row 37, V7: 1; row 37, V8: 1; row 37, V9: 1; row 37, V10: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 14.90104601840517,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V10: 1.6; row 33, V11: 1.7; row 33, V12: 1.8; row 33, V13: 2; row 34, V10: 1.7; row 34, V11: 1.5; row 34, V12: 1.2; row 34, V13: 1; row 35, V10: 0.9; row 35, V11: 0.8; row 35, V12: 0.8; row 35, V13: 0.6; row 36, V10: 1.1; row 36, V11: 1.3; row 36, V12: 0.9; row 36, V13: 1.2; row 37, V10: 1; row 37, V11: 1; row 37, V12: 1; row 37, V13: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.85165716068663,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V13: 2; row 33, V14: 2.1; row 33, V15: 2.4; row 34, V13: 1; row 34, V14: 0.9; row 34, V15: 0.8; row 35, V13: 0.6; row 35, V14: 0.6; row 35, V15: 0.5; row 36, V13: 1.2; row 36, V14: 1.2; row 36, V15: 1; row 37, V13: 1.1; row 37, V14: 1.1; row 37, V15: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.937884302599002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V15: 2.4; row 33, V16: 2.6; row 34, V15: 0.8; row 34, V16: 0.8; row 35, V15: 0.5; row 35, V16: 0.4; row 36, V15: 1; row 36, V16: 1.2; row 37, V15: 1.1; row 37, V16: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 8.137211704197943,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V16: 2.6; row 33, V17: 2.8; row 33, V18: 3.2; row 34, V16: 0.8; row 34, V17: 0.6; row 34, V18: 0.4; row 35, V16: 0.4; row 35, V17: 0.4; row 35, V18: 0.4; row 36, V16: 1.2; row 36, V17: 0.9; row 36, V18: 1.1; row 37, V16: 1.1; row 37, V17: 1.1; row 37, V18: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.919668027664361,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V18: 3.2; row 33, V19: 3.8; row 34, V18: 0.4; row 34, V19: 0.4; row 35, V18: 0.4; row 35, V19: 0.2; row 36, V18: 1.1; row 36, V19: 0.8; row 37, V18: 1.1; row 37, V19: 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.151057197862114,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, below P95",
    "value": 3.6672410632447283,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V19: 3.8; row 34, V19: 0.4; row 35, V19: 0.2; row 36, V19: 0.8; row 37, V19: 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, above P95",
    "value": 2.4838161346173857,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 8.399999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, column V (V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V20: 6.1; row 34, V20: 0.3; row 35, V20: 0.2; row 36, V20: 0.6; row 37, V20: 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.369719637114541,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.5444791967225845,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.4299402189146951,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.3128083867438679,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.19241077228273284,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.06682565360419097,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Health care",
    "value": 93.96848924769827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Bottom 33%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Health care",
    "value": 78.8100182815357,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V1: 9.1; row 40, V2: 8.4; row 40, V3: 14.1; row 40, V4: 14.1; row 40, V5: 11.8; row 40, V6: 12.2; row 40, V7: 13.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Health care",
    "value": 209.40000000000003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Health care + Bottom 33–49%, Health care + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care + Top 29–39%, Health care + Top 20–29%, Health care + Top 13–20%, Health care + Top 7.9–13%, Health care + Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care + Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care + Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care + Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care + Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care + Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care + Top 0.04%, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Health care",
    "value": 35.76574833990255,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V7: 13.8; row 40, V8: 13.6; row 40, V9: 9.8; row 40, V10: 9.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care",
    "value": 26.12803805811415,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V10: 9.7; row 40, V11: 10.5; row 40, V12: 10.7; row 40, V13: 10.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Health care",
    "value": 20.89901605111879,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V13: 10.8; row 40, V14: 10.8; row 40, V15: 7.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Health care",
    "value": 12.982729728044403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V15: 7.8; row 40, V16: 7.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Health care",
    "value": 12.566555113131914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V16: 7.8; row 40, V17: 9.1; row 40, V18: 9.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Health care",
    "value": 9.76384309909658,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V18: 9.4; row 40, V19: 8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care",
    "value": 6.920021265184166,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, below P95",
    "value": 4.58405132905591,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V19: 8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, above P95",
    "value": 2.335969936128256,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Health care",
    "value": 7.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care",
    "value": 4.109617277762486,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care",
    "value": 0.5120697207271927,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care",
    "value": 0.4043485392173919,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care",
    "value": 0.29418883991387584,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care",
    "value": 0.1809577501230464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Health care",
    "value": 0.06284793612775105,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Education",
    "value": 58.52138583522074,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Bottom 33%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Education",
    "value": 52.95892138939675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V1: 9.8; row 41, V2: 8.9; row 41, V3: 7.7; row 41, V4: 7.5; row 41, V5: 7.7; row 41, V6: 7.2; row 41, V7: 6.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Education",
    "value": 128.10000000000002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Education + Bottom 33–49%, Education + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education + Top 29–39%, Education + Top 20–29%, Education + Top 13–20%, Education + Top 7.9–13%, Education + Top 3.5–7.9%, Education + Top 0.9–3.5%, Education + Top 0.6–0.9%, Education + Top 0.3–0.6%, Education + Top 0.2–0.3%, Education + Top 0.04–0.2%, Education + Top 0.04%, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Education",
    "value": 19.72637033380543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V7: 6.3; row 41, V8: 6.6; row 41, V9: 6; row 41, V10: 6.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education",
    "value": 14.32038477730649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V10: 6.3; row 41, V11: 5.8; row 41, V12: 5.7; row 41, V13: 5.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Education",
    "value": 11.004077110366445,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V13: 5.6; row 41, V14: 5.3; row 41, V15: 5.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Education",
    "value": 9.013946694935296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V15: 5.7; row 41, V16: 5.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Education",
    "value": 7.299760104746788,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V16: 5.2; row 41, V17: 5.4; row 41, V18: 5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Education",
    "value": 5.554206867169671,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V18: 5; row 41, V19: 5.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education",
    "value": 4.489502426257922,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, below P95",
    "value": 2.9223327222731426,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V19: 5.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, above P95",
    "value": 1.5671697039847794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Education",
    "value": 5.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Education",
    "value": 2.757085009131794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Education",
    "value": 0.3435404455511546,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Education",
    "value": 0.2712718047914148,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Education",
    "value": 0.1973671963979167,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Education",
    "value": 0.1214020348926767,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Education",
    "value": 0.042163805250263364,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 57.1203210580111,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 61.688994515539335,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V1: 4.9; row 42, V2: 6.5; row 42, V3: 7; row 42, V4: 8.8; row 42, V5: 5.7; row 42, V6: 4.7; row 42, V7: 5.3; row 44, V1: 4.4; row 44, V2: 3.2; row 44, V3: 2.6; row 44, V4: 1.9; row 44, V5: 1.1; row 44, V6: 0.6; row 44, V7: 0.5; row 45, V1: 0.8; row 45, V2: 0.9; row 45, V3: 1; row 45, V4: 1.1; row 45, V5: 1; row 45, V6: 1; row 45, V7: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 116.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid + Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid + Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid + Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid + Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid + Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 17.83019137319879,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V7: 5.3; row 42, V8: 4.7; row 42, V9: 4.5; row 42, V10: 3.6; row 44, V7: 0.5; row 44, V8: 0.4; row 44, V9: 0.3; row 44, V10: 0.2; row 45, V7: 1; row 45, V8: 1; row 45, V9: 0.9; row 45, V10: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 11.38318440627714,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V10: 3.6; row 42, V11: 3.7; row 42, V12: 3.4; row 42, V13: 3.1; row 44, V10: 0.2; row 44, V11: 0.2; row 44, V12: 0.2; row 44, V13: 0.1; row 45, V10: 0.9; row 45, V11: 0.9; row 45, V12: 0.9; row 45, V13: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 8.086074904644885,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V13: 3.1; row 42, V14: 3.1; row 42, V15: 2.5; row 44, V13: 0.1; row 44, V14: 0.1; row 44, V15: 0.1; row 45, V13: 0.9; row 45, V14: 0.9; row 45, V15: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 5.446837674957586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V15: 2.5; row 42, V16: 2.1; row 44, V15: 0.1; row 44, V16: 0.1; row 45, V15: 0.9; row 45, V16: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 4.271262579927718,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V16: 2.1; row 42, V17: 2.1; row 42, V18: 2; row 44, V16: 0.1; row 44, V17: 0.1; row 44, V18: 0.1; row 45, V16: 0.9; row 45, V17: 0.9; row 45, V18: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 3.289036580284976,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V18: 2; row 42, V19: 1.7; row 44, V18: 0.1; row 44, V19: 0.1; row 45, V18: 1; row 45, V19: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 2.402787437010871,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, below P95",
    "value": 1.6044179651695685,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V19: 1.7; row 44, V19: 0.1; row 45, V19: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, above P95",
    "value": 0.7983694718413028,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 2.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, column V (V20), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V20: 1.5; row 44, V20: 0.1; row 45, V20: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 1.404552740501103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.17501117037511651,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.13819507036543774,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.10054555288195757,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.061846319662307005,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.02147967437277568,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 13.7921638665448,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 17.31638025594151,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V1: 2.6; row 43, V2: 2.6; row 43, V3: 2.6; row 43, V4: 2.6; row 43, V5: 2.6; row 43, V6: 2.6; row 43, V7: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 51.99999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure + Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure + Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure + Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure + Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure + Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 8.141041725062559,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V7: 2.6; row 43, V8: 2.6; row 43, V9: 2.6; row 43, V10: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 6.441642108517808,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V10: 2.6; row 43, V11: 2.6; row 43, V12: 2.6; row 43, V13: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.235209487368522,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V13: 2.6; row 43, V14: 2.6; row 43, V15: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.327576576014801,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V15: 2.6; row 43, V16: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 3.5823492605845377,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V16: 2.6; row 43, V17: 2.6; row 43, V18: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.8659839045670923,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V18: 2.6; row 43, V19: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.2586169140866477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, below P95",
    "value": 1.4898166819431709,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V19: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, above P95",
    "value": 0.7688002321434767,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.3525322686306915,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.1685292751760381,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.1330767344259771,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.09682164351595914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.059555715230369705,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.02068413087748769,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Collective services",
    "value": 115.83970197453844,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Bottom 33%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s1-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Collective services",
    "value": 83.3537842778794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V1: 14.6; row 46, V2: 11.9; row 46, V3: 12.2; row 46, V4: 12.4; row 46, V5: 11.8; row 46, V6: 12.4; row 46, V7: 12.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14",
    "label": "All groups, Collective services",
    "value": 239.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Collective services + Bottom 33–49%, Collective services + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Collective services + Top 29–39%, Collective services + Top 20–29%, Collective services + Top 13–20%, Collective services + Top 7.9–13%, Collective services + Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services + Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services + Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services + Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services + Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services + Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services + Top 0.04%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s1-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s2-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s3-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s4-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s5-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s6-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s7-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s9-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s10-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s11-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s12-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s13-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s14-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Collective services",
    "value": 36.92548302198492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V7: 12.2; row 46, V8: 11.8; row 46, V9: 11.8; row 46, V10: 11.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Collective services",
    "value": 28.93963402261791,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V10: 11.6; row 46, V11: 11.6; row 46, V12: 11.8; row 46, V13: 11.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Collective services",
    "value": 23.47236460784913,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V13: 11.6; row 46, V14: 11.8; row 46, V15: 11.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Collective services",
    "value": 19.18705975774205,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V15: 11.3; row 46, V16: 11.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Collective services",
    "value": 15.71797929726385,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V16: 11.7; row 46, V17: 11.2; row 46, V18: 12"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Collective services",
    "value": 13.355716096239293,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V18: 12; row 46, V19: 12.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 10.448441483673456,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, below P95",
    "value": 7.047978918423462,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V19: 12.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, above P95",
    "value": 3.400462565249993,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Collective services",
    "value": 11.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
    "value": 5.982354265097289,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.7454179478940147,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.5886086330379755,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.42824957708981926,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.26341950967278904,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.09148750195811862,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 550,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s1",
        "dna-2023-people-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€550",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€550",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€550",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€550",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€550",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, levies paid",
    "value": 151.55140901856828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products + Bottom 33%, Taxes on production + Bottom 33%, Corporate tax + Bottom 33%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 33%, CSG on capital income + Bottom 33%, Income tax + Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 33%, Pension contributions + Bottom 33%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s1-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s1",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s1-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s1",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s1",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s1",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s1",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s1",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s1-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 70.23153139450045,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s1",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 73.46439644300104,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Bottom 33%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 15.196874184833472,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Bottom 33%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s1-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.8671269440321234,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s1",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.3345991403675472,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Bottom 33%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 12.838194447150403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, CSG − Bottom 33%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s1",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, CSG",
    "value": 14.697089096096805,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Bottom 33%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8588946489464018,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Bottom 33%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.6bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 11.013141265202348,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Bottom 33%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Bottom 33%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.985426616894305,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Bottom 33%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.87701658878855,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 29.46308647683989,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Bottom 33%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other contributions",
    "value": 15.233257716582672,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Bottom 33%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-p33.30-month",
    "label": "Living standard at P33.3, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 1800,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at P33.3, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-p33.30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-p33.30",
    "label": "Living standard at P33.3, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 21560.610603290683,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The living standard at this rank, interpolated linearly between Insee's two published thresholds around it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D3, constant 2024 euros + (Living standard at D4, constant 2024 euros − Living standard at D3, constant 2024 euros) × (33.3007 − 30) ÷ 10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d3",
        "dna-living-2023-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 50,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33–49%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€50",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€50",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€50",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€50",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€50",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, people",
    "value": 10708601,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-90",
        "dna-2023-edge-80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-edge-80",
    "label": "Rank above which people hold 80% of income",
    "value": 48.95658073270013,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rank in Insee's ranking by living standard above which people hold this share of extended primary income: linear between Insee's twentieths below P95, on the generalized Pareto tail above.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of primary income above the rank = 80%, on Insee's curve (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490 above P95)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 160,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33–49%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 20,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33–49%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€20",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€20",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€20",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€20",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€20",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s2-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 1.9447165617814177,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V7: 0.5; row 10, V8: 0.6; row 10, V9: 0.7; row 10, V10: 0.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1800,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33–49%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s2",
        "dna-2023-people-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,800",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,800",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,800",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,800",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,800",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, transfers received",
    "value": 231.90394852569133,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 33–49%, Pensions + Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Health care + Bottom 33–49%, Education + Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 33–49%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s2",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s2",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s2",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s2",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s2",
        "dna-2023-health-s2",
        "dna-2023-education-s2",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s2",
        "dna-2023-culture-s2",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 6.536115575785668,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.521303702600502,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Pensions",
    "value": 54.71898126004461,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Bottom 33–49%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 6.863218130175187,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 19.510502927930343,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Health care",
    "value": 42.64500137923994,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Bottom 33–49%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Education",
    "value": 21.79830138429165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Bottom 33–49%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 16.50969129520088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 6.484183175517616,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Collective services",
    "value": 51.316649694904946,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Bottom 33–49%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 970,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33–49%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s2",
        "dna-2023-people-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€970",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€970",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€970",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€970",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€970",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, levies paid",
    "value": 125.28617681064222,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products + Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production + Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax + Bottom 33–49%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 33–49%, CSG on capital income + Bottom 33–49%, Income tax + Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions + Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s2-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s2",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s2-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s2",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s2",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s2",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s2",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s2",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s2-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.93890877734346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s2",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.86942103681478,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.482397157051034,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s2-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.989999227384029,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s2",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.2378651342388456,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 15.179298027514738,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG − Bottom 33–49%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s2",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG",
    "value": 16.54190760348824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Bottom 33–49%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.3626095759735026,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Bottom 33–49%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€808m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 8.072868334964122,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Bottom 33–49%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Bottom 33–49%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Income tax",
    "value": 1.3459660119174615,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Bottom 33–49%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.7894705312134445,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 30.93819422973479,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions",
    "value": 17.25933327250977,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-p48.96-month",
    "label": "Living standard at P49.0, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 2170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at P49.0, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-p48.96"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-p48.96",
    "label": "Living standard at P49.0, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 25988.886024423336,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The living standard at this rank, interpolated linearly between Insee's two published thresholds around it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D4, constant 2024 euros + (Living standard at D5, constant 2024 euros − Living standard at D4, constant 2024 euros) × (48.9566 − 40) ÷ 10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d4",
        "dna-living-2023-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s3-pp",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 70,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€70",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€70",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€70",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€70",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€70",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, people",
    "value": 8473237,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-80",
        "dna-2023-edge-70"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-edge-70",
    "label": "Rank above which people hold 70% of income",
    "value": 61.3443540183113,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rank in Insee's ranking by living standard above which people hold this share of extended primary income: linear between Insee's twentieths below P95, on the generalized Pareto tail above.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of primary income above the rank = 70%, on Insee's curve (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490 above P95)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s3-pp",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 190,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s3-pp",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s3-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 2.7478552764706965,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V10: 0.6; row 10, V11: 1; row 10, V12: 1.3; row 10, V13: 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s3-pp",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, received a month per person",
    "value": 1790,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s3",
        "dna-2023-people-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,790",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,790",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,790",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,790",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,790",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, transfers received",
    "value": 181.58743975057436,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s3",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s3",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s3",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s3",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s3",
        "dna-2023-health-s3",
        "dna-2023-education-s3",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s3",
        "dna-2023-culture-s3",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 5.30989292394212,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.689549407826459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions",
    "value": 49.68415646960207,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 4.170113885023932,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 13.866440654307773,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care",
    "value": 31.153555307607117,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education",
    "value": 15.824505878803,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 10.540148255866105,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.130644061701579,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Collective services",
    "value": 40.2184329058942,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s3-pp",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s3",
        "dna-2023-people-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,220",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,220",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,220",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,220",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,220",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, levies paid",
    "value": 123.75528563774799,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG on earnings and benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG on capital income + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s3-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s3",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s3-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s3",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s3",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s3",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s3",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s3",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s3-resident",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products",
    "value": 37.823051938967204,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s3",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products",
    "value": 39.56410499894198,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.186543018352756,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s3-resident",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.3800633621565588,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s3",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.725589547749581,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 15.159586497019417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG − Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s3",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG",
    "value": 16.544737054469834,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.385150557450418,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€914m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 8.206413833845557,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax",
    "value": 3.3162476588514966,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.887512927032436,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions",
    "value": 30.536112578351705,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions",
    "value": 18.08101709956599,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-p61.34-month",
    "label": "Living standard at P61.3, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 2480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at P61.3, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-p61.34"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-p61.34",
    "label": "Living standard at P61.3, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 29726.06663275687,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The living standard at this rank, interpolated linearly between Insee's two published thresholds around it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D6, constant 2024 euros + (Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros − Living standard at D6, constant 2024 euros) × (61.3444 − 60) ÷ 10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d6",
        "dna-living-2023-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s4-pp",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 100,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 29–39%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€100",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€100",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€100",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€100",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€100",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, people",
    "value": 6886314,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-70",
        "dna-2023-edge-60"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-edge-60",
    "label": "Rank above which people hold 60% of income",
    "value": 71.41206457094307,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rank in Insee's ranking by living standard above which people hold this share of extended primary income: linear between Insee's twentieths below P95, on the generalized Pareto tail above.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of primary income above the rank = 60%, on Insee's curve (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490 above P95)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s4-pp",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 230,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 29–39%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€230",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€230",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€230",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€230",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€230",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s4-pp",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 29–39%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s4-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 2.613939572563656,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V13: 1.2; row 10, V14: 1.2; row 10, V15: 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s4-pp",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1800,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 29–39%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s4",
        "dna-2023-people-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,800",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,800",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,800",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,800",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,800",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, transfers received",
    "value": 148.4245606527581,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products + Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production + Top 29–39%, Pensions + Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits + Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits + Top 29–39%, Health care + Top 29–39%, Education + Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid + Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure + Top 29–39%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s4",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s4",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s4",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s4",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s4",
        "dna-2023-health-s4",
        "dna-2023-education-s4",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s4",
        "dna-2023-culture-s4",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.490159614761547,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.600362900009058,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Pensions",
    "value": 42.41987893104915,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 29–39%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.5293944855943162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.028776132284701,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Health care",
    "value": 24.91877311931974,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 29–39%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Education",
    "value": 12.159874586592505,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 29–39%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 7.487221963653433,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.169743679583502,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Collective services",
    "value": 32.620375239910125,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 29–39%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s4-pp",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 29–39%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s4",
        "dna-2023-people-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,480",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,480",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,480",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,480",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,480",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, levies paid",
    "value": 122.52919624917774,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products + Top 29–39%, Taxes on production + Top 29–39%, Corporate tax + Top 29–39%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 29–39%, CSG on capital income + Top 29–39%, Income tax + Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 29–39%, Pension contributions + Top 29–39%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s4-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s4",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s4-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s4",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s4",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s4",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s4",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s4",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s4-resident",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 33.31206288563202,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s4",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 34.84546820455471,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 29–39%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.150395566657046,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 29–39%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s4-resident",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.3193127530115805,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s4",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.6496288208477516,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 29–39%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 15.069415376794527,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, CSG − Top 29–39%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s4",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, CSG",
    "value": 16.459510649682457,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 29–39%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.39009527288793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 29–39%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 8.23570911943929,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 29–39%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 29–39%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Income tax",
    "value": 5.154508124100451,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 29–39%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.8126499490109582,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 31.31681028490186,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 29–39%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other contributions",
    "value": 19.003946036181368,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 29–39%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-p71.41-month",
    "label": "Living standard at P71.4, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 2810,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at P71.4, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-p71.41"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-p71.41",
    "label": "Living standard at P71.4, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 33661.333899745114,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The living standard at this rank, interpolated linearly between Insee's two published thresholds around it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros + (Living standard at D8, constant 2024 euros − Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros) × (71.4121 − 70) ÷ 10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d7",
        "dna-living-2023-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s5-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 130,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–29%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€130",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€130",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€130",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€130",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€130",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, people",
    "value": 5692428,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-60",
        "dna-2023-edge-50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-edge-50",
    "label": "Rank above which people hold 50% of income",
    "value": 79.73432721712538,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rank in Insee's ranking by living standard above which people hold this share of extended primary income: linear between Insee's twentieths below P95, on the generalized Pareto tail above.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of primary income above the rank = 50%, on Insee's curve (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490 above P95)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s5-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 250,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–29%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€250",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€250",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€250",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€250",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€250",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s5-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 60,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–29%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€60",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€60",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€60",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€60",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€60",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s5-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 3.919952160289339,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V15: 1.9; row 10, V16: 2.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s5-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1740,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–29%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s5",
        "dna-2023-people-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,740",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,740",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,740",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,740",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,740",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, transfers received",
    "value": 119.12453996349782,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products + Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production + Top 20–29%, Pensions + Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits + Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits + Top 20–29%, Health care + Top 20–29%, Education + Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid + Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure + Top 20–29%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s5",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s5",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s5",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s5",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s5",
        "dna-2023-health-s5",
        "dna-2023-education-s5",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s5",
        "dna-2023-culture-s5",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.9094076460583462,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.571130002788874,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Pensions",
    "value": 37.173243385854626,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 20–29%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.6270992951039447,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.247879829453385,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Health care",
    "value": 15.479853011800882,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 20–29%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Education",
    "value": 9.960713673787874,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 20–29%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 5.043446066641209,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 3.4468315201693276,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Collective services",
    "value": 26.66493553183935,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 20–29%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s5-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1790,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–29%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s5",
        "dna-2023-people-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,790",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,790",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,790",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,790",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,790",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, levies paid",
    "value": 121.97309633650477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products + Top 20–29%, Taxes on production + Top 20–29%, Corporate tax + Top 20–29%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 20–29%, CSG on capital income + Top 20–29%, Income tax + Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 20–29%, Pension contributions + Top 20–29%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s5-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s5",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s5-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s5",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s5",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s5",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s5",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s5",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s5-resident",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 29.99820801535099,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s5",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 31.37907151476306,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 20–29%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.832281838585018,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 20–29%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s5-resident",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.0074690640097033,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s5",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.510078688613721,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 20–29%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 14.565843393810262,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, CSG − Top 20–29%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s5",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, CSG",
    "value": 15.94623384229089,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 20–29%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.3803904484806293,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 20–29%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1.1bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 8.178212261178839,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 20–29%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 20–29%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Income tax",
    "value": 7.404216943171707,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 20–29%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.901378359068185,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 31.106150990039172,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 20–29%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other contributions",
    "value": 19.777157283989105,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 20–29%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-p79.73-month",
    "label": "Living standard at P79.7, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 3170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at P79.7, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-p79.73"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-p79.73",
    "label": "Living standard at P79.7, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 38030.52178899082,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The living standard at this rank, interpolated linearly between Insee's two published thresholds around it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros + (Living standard at D8, constant 2024 euros − Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros) × (79.7343 − 70) ÷ 10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d7",
        "dna-living-2023-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s6-pp",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 190,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 13–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, people",
    "value": 4712167,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-50",
        "dna-2023-edge-40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-edge-40",
    "label": "Rank above which people hold 40% of income",
    "value": 86.62346041055719,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rank in Insee's ranking by living standard above which people hold this share of extended primary income: linear between Insee's twentieths below P95, on the generalized Pareto tail above.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of primary income above the rank = 40%, on Insee's curve (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490 above P95)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s6-pp",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 13–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s6-pp",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 80,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 13–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€80",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€80",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€80",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€80",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€80",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s6-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 4.574700839409186,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V16: 2.7; row 10, V17: 3.1; row 10, V18: 4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s6-pp",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1820,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 13–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s6",
        "dna-2023-people-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,820",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,820",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,820",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,820",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,820",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, transfers received",
    "value": 102.85653810081877,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products + Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production + Top 13–20%, Pensions + Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits + Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits + Top 13–20%, Health care + Top 13–20%, Education + Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid + Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure + Top 13–20%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s6",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s6",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s6",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s6",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s6",
        "dna-2023-health-s6",
        "dna-2023-education-s6",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s6",
        "dna-2023-culture-s6",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.2810511357327656,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.55269602231786,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Pensions",
    "value": 32.34332014490567,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 13–20%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.405091412385535,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 7.5722310399170105,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Health care",
    "value": 14.98363056852134,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 13–20%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Education",
    "value": 8.066479950627716,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 13–20%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 3.9549338063385524,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.8532722947236504,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Collective services",
    "value": 21.843831725348654,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 13–20%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s6-pp",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2140,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 13–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s6",
        "dna-2023-people-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,140",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,140",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,140",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,140",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,140",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, levies paid",
    "value": 121.11667545710739,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products + Top 13–20%, Taxes on production + Top 13–20%, Corporate tax + Top 13–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 13–20%, CSG on capital income + Top 13–20%, Income tax + Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 13–20%, Pension contributions + Top 13–20%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s6-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s6",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s6-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s6",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s6",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s6",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s6",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s6",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s6-resident",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 26.5725475807888,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s6",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27.795722679178834,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 13–20%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.34816061301566,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 13–20%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s6-resident",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.3842610895759786,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s6",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.9812080576135185,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 13–20%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 14.063896336554588,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, CSG − Top 13–20%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s6",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, CSG",
    "value": 15.552879662092558,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 13–20%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.4889833255379699,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 13–20%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1.4bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.3bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 8.82157776664473,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 13–20%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 13–20%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Income tax",
    "value": 9.983117188915516,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 13–20%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.134048146915579,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 30.589747146291668,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 13–20%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other contributions",
    "value": 20.551914029511632,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 13–20%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-p86.62-month",
    "label": "Living standard at P86.6, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 3720,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at P86.6, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-p86.62"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-p86.62",
    "label": "Living standard at P86.6, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 44614.626979472145,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The living standard at this rank, interpolated linearly between Insee's two published thresholds around it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D8, constant 2024 euros + (Living standard at D9, constant 2024 euros − Living standard at D8, constant 2024 euros) × (86.6235 − 80) ÷ 10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d8",
        "dna-living-2023-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s7-pp",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 7.9–13%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, people",
    "value": 3769871,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-40",
        "dna-2023-edge-30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-edge-30",
    "label": "Rank above which people hold 30% of income",
    "value": 92.13496791934006,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rank in Insee's ranking by living standard above which people hold this share of extended primary income: linear between Insee's twentieths below P95, on the generalized Pareto tail above.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of primary income above the rank = 30%, on Insee's curve (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490 above P95)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s7-pp",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 330,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 7.9–13%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€330",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€330",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€330",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€330",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€330",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s7-pp",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 160,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 7.9–13%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-people-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s7-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 7.252195093957225,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V18: 4.1; row 10, V19: 10.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s7-pp",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 7.9–13%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s7",
        "dna-2023-people-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,950",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,950",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,950",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,950",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,950",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, transfers received",
    "value": 88.12498673882675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products + Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production + Top 7.9–13%, Pensions + Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Health care + Top 7.9–13%, Education + Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid + Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure + Top 7.9–13%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s7",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s7",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s7",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s7",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s7",
        "dna-2023-health-s7",
        "dna-2023-education-s7",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s7",
        "dna-2023-culture-s7",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.6823493799045606,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.517848237329655,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Pensions",
    "value": 29.520215096489352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 7.9–13%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.296862630014718,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.439223523946157,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Health care",
    "value": 11.64183951837286,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 7.9–13%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Education",
    "value": 6.1375850292024134,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 7.9–13%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 3.0454512496567996,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.2827010649126014,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Collective services",
    "value": 18.560911008997635,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 7.9–13%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s7-pp",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 7.9–13%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s7",
        "dna-2023-people-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,700",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,700",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,700",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,700",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,700",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, levies paid",
    "value": 121.9309476710614,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products + Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production + Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax + Top 7.9–13%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 7.9–13%, CSG on capital income + Top 7.9–13%, Income tax + Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions + Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s7-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s7",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s7-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s7",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s7",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s7",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s7",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s7",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s7-resident",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 22.147772815960828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s7",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.167268749157266,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.083905090572832,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s7-resident",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.750966587102344,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s7",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.690095334860029,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 13.685735886700035,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG − Top 7.9–13%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s7",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG",
    "value": 15.285864468063583,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 7.9–13%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.6001285813635469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 7.9–13%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1.7bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.4bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 9.480065004777302,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 7.9–13%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 7.9–13%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Income tax",
    "value": 13.582623712892037,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 7.9–13%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.5860423616103336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 30.112204211906803,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions",
    "value": 21.381568422952633,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-p92.13-month",
    "label": "Living standard at P92.1, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 4420,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at P92.1, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-p92.13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-p92.13",
    "label": "Living standard at P92.1, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 53087.972043996335,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The living standard at this rank, interpolated linearly between Insee's two published thresholds around it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D9, constant 2024 euros + (Living standard at C95, constant 2024 euros − Living standard at D9, constant 2024 euros) × (92.135 − 90) ÷ 5",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2023-d9",
        "dna-living-2023-c95"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2023-c95",
    "label": "Living standard at C95, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 60050,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 14 “95e centile (C95)”, column AF (2023), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s8-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 540,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8",
        "dna-2023-people-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, people",
    "value": 2970950,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-30",
        "dna-2023-edge-20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-edge-20",
    "label": "Rank above which people hold 20% of income",
    "value": 96.47846198489131,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rank in Insee's ranking by living standard above which people hold this share of extended primary income: linear between Insee's twentieths below P95, on the generalized Pareto tail above.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of primary income above the rank = 20%, on Insee's curve (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490 above P95)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s8-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income",
    "value": 12.958997771077401,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, below P95",
    "value": 8.938900091659024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V19: 15.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, above P95",
    "value": 4.020097679418377,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0645), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.67: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-financial-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-financial-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-financial-v19",
    "label": "V19, Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), Insee",
    "value": 15.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-financial-v20",
    "label": "V20, Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), Insee",
    "value": 62.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, people",
    "value": 2970950,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-30",
        "dna-2023-edge-20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s8-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 13.721052337593148,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, below P95",
    "value": 8.537795600366634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V19: 14.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, above P95",
    "value": 5.183256737226515,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2422), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.44: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-rents-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-rents-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-rents-v19",
    "label": "V19, Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, Insee",
    "value": 14.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-rents-v20",
    "label": "V20, Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, Insee",
    "value": 21.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s8-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8",
        "dna-2023-people-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s8-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 590,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s8",
        "dna-2023-people-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 21.07660337658664,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Profits kept in companies, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Profits kept in companies, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s8-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s8-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s8-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Profits kept in companies, below P95",
    "value": 6.016567369385882,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V19: 10.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s8-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Profits kept in companies, above P95",
    "value": 15.060036007200758,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-retained-v20",
    "label": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 90.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s8-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 7.700876615326905,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Profits kept in companies, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Profits kept in companies, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Profits kept in companies, below P95",
    "value": 6.016567369385882,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 10, V19: 10.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Profits kept in companies, above P95",
    "value": 1.6843092459410225,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0186), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.94: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-retained-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-retained-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-retained-v19",
    "label": "V19, Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), Insee",
    "value": 10.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-retained-v20",
    "label": "V20, Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), Insee",
    "value": 90.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 10 “Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s8-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2040,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s8",
        "dna-2023-people-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, transfers received",
    "value": 72.77064149816755,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care + Top 3.5–7.9%, Education + Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s8",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s8",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s8",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s8",
        "dna-2023-health-s8",
        "dna-2023-education-s8",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s8",
        "dna-2023-culture-s8",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.8982646918024957,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.0365398767748175,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 26.10806502001003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.247359728968407,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 5.723978671702435,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care",
    "value": 8.25103150627807,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education",
    "value": 4.961050882501599,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 3.5–7.9%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 2.2248375243276834,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.7989449371293598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 14.520568658672659,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s8-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2030,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, transfers received",
    "value": 72.35468831907478,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care + Top 3.5–7.9%, Education + Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-health-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-education-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-culture-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.1577347201453643,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.5617352995101952,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, below P95",
    "value": 0.9741109074243809,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V19: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, above P95",
    "value": 0.5876243920858143,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2448), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.42: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v19",
    "label": "V19, Subsidies on products, Insee",
    "value": 1.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v20",
    "label": "V20, Subsidies on products, Insee",
    "value": 2.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 32,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products + Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products + Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products + Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products + Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 9.656234003656314,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V1: 1.4; row 19, V2: 1.4; row 19, V3: 1.4; row 19, V4: 1.4; row 19, V5: 1.5; row 19, V6: 1.5; row 19, V7: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.730740216153726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V7: 1.6; row 19, V8: 1.5; row 19, V9: 1.5; row 19, V10: 1.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.8432190660495764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V10: 1.5; row 19, V11: 1.5; row 19, V12: 1.6; row 19, V13: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.249908668261029,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V13: 1.6; row 19, V14: 1.6; row 19, V15: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.8295692997019852,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V15: 1.7; row 19, V16: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.3747744939779567,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V16: 1.7; row 19, V17: 1.7; row 19, V18: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.941443344775032,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V18: 1.8; row 19, V19: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.1924038164507134,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4968), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.42: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.1815302071977647,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0756), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.42: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.15809372646223532,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0659), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.42: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.13119777953870088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0547), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.42: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.09851181190928424,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0410), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.42: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.0506382663554895,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0211), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.42: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.390711616590273,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.887505397078087,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, below P95",
    "value": 2.349326306141154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V19: 4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, above P95",
    "value": 1.5381790909369328,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1998), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.76: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v19",
    "label": "V19, Subsidies on production, Insee",
    "value": 4.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v20",
    "label": "V20, Subsidies on production, Insee",
    "value": 7.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 38.19999999999996,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production + Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production + Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production + Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production + Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.026160877513716,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V1: 0.2; row 21, V2: 0.3; row 21, V3: 0.5; row 21, V4: 0.6; row 21, V5: 0.8; row 21, V6: 0.9; row 21, V7: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.9816817276423215,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V7: 1.1; row 21, V8: 1.2; row 21, V9: 1.3; row 21, V10: 1.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.103011921802257,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V10: 1.4; row 21, V11: 1.6; row 21, V12: 1.7; row 21, V13: 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.038695175675519,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V13: 1.9; row 21, V14: 2; row 21, V15: 2.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.017613905928878,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V15: 2.3; row 21, V16: 2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.004320262405051,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V16: 2.5; row 21, V17: 2.8; row 21, V18: 3.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.979189822891103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V18: 3.3; row 21, V19: 4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.5264102368644377,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4580), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.76: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.6313007316269459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0820), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.76: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.5964117355294579,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0775), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.76: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.5523179916594677,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0717), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.76: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.4905612443626683,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0637), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.76: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.36481896902005545,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0474), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.76: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 25.191673390538103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 27.082811883678097,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, below P95",
    "value": 17.30479376718606,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V19: 30.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, above P95",
    "value": 9.778018116492037,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2686), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.23: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v19",
    "label": "V19, Pensions, Insee",
    "value": 30.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v20",
    "label": "V20, Pensions, Insee",
    "value": 36.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Pensions",
    "value": 397.8000000000003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Pensions + Bottom 33–49%, Pensions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions + Top 29–39%, Pensions + Top 20–29%, Pensions + Top 13–20%, Pensions + Top 7.9–13%, Pensions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions + Top 0.04%, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Pensions",
    "value": 79.77872029250464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V1: 2.4; row 31, V2: 8.2; row 31, V3: 10.5; row 31, V4: 12.2; row 31, V5: 15.3; row 31, V6: 18.9; row 31, V7: 18.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Pensions",
    "value": 58.82673425294988,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V7: 18.6; row 31, V8: 17.7; row 31, V9: 18.9; row 31, V10: 20.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions",
    "value": 53.4139452510867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V10: 20.1; row 31, V11: 20.2; row 31, V12: 23.4; row 31, V13: 20.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Pensions",
    "value": 45.604338521215766,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V13: 20.9; row 31, V14: 23.8; row 31, V15: 23.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Pensions",
    "value": 39.96383813484239,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V15: 23.1; row 31, V16: 24.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Pensions",
    "value": 34.77133263830971,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V16: 24.7; row 31, V17: 24.4; row 31, V18: 27.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Pensions",
    "value": 31.736297141904842,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V18: 27.9; row 31, V19: 30.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions",
    "value": 18.5727506662144,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5102), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.23: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 2.5809214222874743,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0709), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.23: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions",
    "value": 2.1488852074303098,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0590), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.23: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.6786860079372399,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0461), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.23: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.149782031063752,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0316), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.23: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.49095654857509025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0135), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.23: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-pensions-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.295941400765595,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.452851457185465,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, below P95",
    "value": 1.6617186067827674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V19: 2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, above P95",
    "value": 0.7911328504026977,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3165), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.18: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v19",
    "label": "V19, Unemployment benefits, Insee",
    "value": 2.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v20",
    "label": "V20, Unemployment benefits, Insee",
    "value": 2.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 45.800000000000004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits + Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits + Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits + Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 18.25036563071299,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V1: 2.5; row 32, V2: 3.3; row 32, V3: 2.9; row 32, V4: 2.8; row 32, V5: 2.9; row 32, V6: 2.2; row 32, V7: 2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 7.332266662367063,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V7: 2.5; row 32, V8: 2.3; row 32, V9: 2.6; row 32, V10: 2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 4.455109314244467,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V10: 2; row 32, V11: 1.6; row 32, V12: 1.9; row 32, V13: 2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.7706016382149863,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V13: 2; row 32, V14: 1.8; row 32, V15: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.8066414639406165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V15: 1.8; row 32, V16: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.5694610383204646,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V16: 1.6; row 32, V17: 1.9; row 32, V18: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.4538356454166457,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V18: 1.8; row 32, V19: 2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 1.3109254836455233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5244), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.18: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.1496298274346519,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0599), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.18: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.11329014577936371,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0453), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.18: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.07791219531673456,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0312), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.18: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.044032822829598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0176), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.18: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.01307667459143307,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0052), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.18: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 5.413020005010212,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 5.816897227202068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, below P95",
    "value": 3.6672410632447283,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V19: 3.8; row 34, V19: 0.4; row 35, V19: 0.2; row 36, V19: 0.8; row 37, V19: 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, above P95",
    "value": 2.149656163957339,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2559), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.33: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v19",
    "label": "V19, Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP), Insee",
    "value": 3.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v19",
    "label": "V19, Famille, Insee",
    "value": 0.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 34 “Famille”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v19",
    "label": "V19, Exclusion sociale, Insee",
    "value": 0.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 35 “Exclusion sociale”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v19",
    "label": "V19, Invalidité, Insee",
    "value": 0.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 36 “Invalidité”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v19",
    "label": "V19, Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé, Insee",
    "value": 1.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v20",
    "label": "V20, Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP), Insee",
    "value": 6.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v20",
    "label": "V20, Famille, Insee",
    "value": 0.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 34 “Famille”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v20",
    "label": "V20, Exclusion sociale, Insee",
    "value": 0.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 35 “Exclusion sociale”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v20",
    "label": "V20, Invalidité, Insee",
    "value": 0.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 36 “Invalidité”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v20",
    "label": "V20, Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé, Insee",
    "value": 1.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 147.5999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits + Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits + Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits + Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 62.81906764168191,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V1: 0.2; row 33, V2: 0.4; row 33, V3: 0.6; row 33, V4: 0.7; row 33, V5: 0.9; row 33, V6: 1; row 33, V7: 1.2; row 34, V1: 3.2; row 34, V2: 4; row 34, V3: 3.2; row 34, V4: 3; row 34, V5: 2.7; row 34, V6: 2.5; row 34, V7: 1.8; row 35, V1: 5.6; row 35, V2: 4.4; row 35, V3: 4.1; row 35, V4: 4.3; row 35, V5: 2.7; row 35, V6: 1.9; row 35, V7: 2; row 36, V1: 0.5; row 36, V2: 1.7; row 36, V3: 2.1; row 36, V4: 1.5; row 36, V5: 1.3; row 36, V6: 1.3; row 36, V7: 1.3; row 37, V1: 0.4; row 37, V2: 0.4; row 37, V3: 0.8; row 37, V4: 0.8; row 37, V5: 0.9; row 37, V6: 0.9; row 37, V7: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.966224081520235,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V7: 1.2; row 33, V8: 1.4; row 33, V9: 1.5; row 33, V10: 1.6; row 34, V7: 1.8; row 34, V8: 1.9; row 34, V9: 1.7; row 34, V10: 1.7; row 35, V7: 2; row 35, V8: 1.6; row 35, V9: 1.4; row 35, V10: 0.9; row 36, V7: 1.3; row 36, V8: 0.9; row 36, V9: 1.1; row 36, V10: 1.1; row 37, V7: 1; row 37, V8: 1; row 37, V9: 1; row 37, V10: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 14.90104601840517,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V10: 1.6; row 33, V11: 1.7; row 33, V12: 1.8; row 33, V13: 2; row 34, V10: 1.7; row 34, V11: 1.5; row 34, V12: 1.2; row 34, V13: 1; row 35, V10: 0.9; row 35, V11: 0.8; row 35, V12: 0.8; row 35, V13: 0.6; row 36, V10: 1.1; row 36, V11: 1.3; row 36, V12: 0.9; row 36, V13: 1.2; row 37, V10: 1; row 37, V11: 1; row 37, V12: 1; row 37, V13: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.85165716068663,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V13: 2; row 33, V14: 2.1; row 33, V15: 2.4; row 34, V13: 1; row 34, V14: 0.9; row 34, V15: 0.8; row 35, V13: 0.6; row 35, V14: 0.6; row 35, V15: 0.5; row 36, V13: 1.2; row 36, V14: 1.2; row 36, V15: 1; row 37, V13: 1.1; row 37, V14: 1.1; row 37, V15: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.937884302599002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V15: 2.4; row 33, V16: 2.6; row 34, V15: 0.8; row 34, V16: 0.8; row 35, V15: 0.5; row 35, V16: 0.4; row 36, V15: 1; row 36, V16: 1.2; row 37, V15: 1.1; row 37, V16: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 8.137211704197943,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V16: 2.6; row 33, V17: 2.8; row 33, V18: 3.2; row 34, V16: 0.8; row 34, V17: 0.6; row 34, V18: 0.4; row 35, V16: 0.4; row 35, V17: 0.4; row 35, V18: 0.4; row 36, V16: 1.2; row 36, V17: 0.9; row 36, V18: 1.1; row 37, V16: 1.1; row 37, V17: 1.1; row 37, V18: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.919668027664361,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V18: 3.2; row 33, V19: 3.8; row 34, V18: 0.4; row 34, V19: 0.4; row 35, V18: 0.4; row 35, V19: 0.2; row 36, V18: 1.1; row 36, V19: 0.8; row 37, V18: 1.1; row 37, V19: 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.230593573044115,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5036), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.33: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.6176045011673011,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0735), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.33: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.5268261179813369,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0627), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.33: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.4251682923721323,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0506), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.33: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.305966620999524,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0364), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.33: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.14418473047821465,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0172), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.33: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care",
    "value": 8.267844008989112,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care",
    "value": 6.93412166901766,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, below P95",
    "value": 4.58405132905591,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V19: 8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, above P95",
    "value": 2.3500703399617504,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2975), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.02: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-health-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-health-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-health-v19",
    "label": "V19, Health care, Insee",
    "value": 8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-health-v20",
    "label": "V20, Health care, Insee",
    "value": 7.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Health care",
    "value": 209.40000000000012,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Health care + Bottom 33–49%, Health care + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care + Top 29–39%, Health care + Top 20–29%, Health care + Top 13–20%, Health care + Top 7.9–13%, Health care + Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care + Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care + Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care + Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care + Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care + Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care + Top 0.04%, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Health care",
    "value": 78.8100182815357,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V1: 9.1; row 40, V2: 8.4; row 40, V3: 14.1; row 40, V4: 14.1; row 40, V5: 11.8; row 40, V6: 12.2; row 40, V7: 13.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Health care",
    "value": 35.76574833990255,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V7: 13.8; row 40, V8: 13.6; row 40, V9: 9.8; row 40, V10: 9.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care",
    "value": 26.12803805811415,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V10: 9.7; row 40, V11: 10.5; row 40, V12: 10.7; row 40, V13: 10.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Health care",
    "value": 20.89901605111879,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V13: 10.8; row 40, V14: 10.8; row 40, V15: 7.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Health care",
    "value": 12.982729728044403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V15: 7.8; row 40, V16: 7.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Health care",
    "value": 12.566555113131914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V16: 7.8; row 40, V17: 9.1; row 40, V18: 9.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Health care",
    "value": 9.76384309909658,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V18: 9.4; row 40, V19: 8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care",
    "value": 4.113347809455799,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5207), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.02: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-health-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-health-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care",
    "value": 0.508756544930013,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0644), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.02: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-health-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-health-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care",
    "value": 0.40030271781146537,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0507), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.02: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-health-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-health-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care",
    "value": 0.2898564163459245,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0367), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.02: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-health-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-health-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care",
    "value": 0.1770130741282597,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0224), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.02: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-health-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-health-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Health care",
    "value": 0.0606530973668969,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0077), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.02: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-health-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-health-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education",
    "value": 4.928910569489237,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 3.5–7.9%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education",
    "value": 4.460417053689254,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, below P95",
    "value": 2.9223327222731426,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V19: 5.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, above P95",
    "value": 1.5380843314161108,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2902), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.05: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-education-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-education-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-education-v19",
    "label": "V19, Education, Insee",
    "value": 5.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-education-v20",
    "label": "V20, Education, Insee",
    "value": 5.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Education",
    "value": 128.10000000000005,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Education + Bottom 33–49%, Education + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education + Top 29–39%, Education + Top 20–29%, Education + Top 13–20%, Education + Top 7.9–13%, Education + Top 3.5–7.9%, Education + Top 0.9–3.5%, Education + Top 0.6–0.9%, Education + Top 0.3–0.6%, Education + Top 0.2–0.3%, Education + Top 0.04–0.2%, Education + Top 0.04%, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Education",
    "value": 52.95892138939675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V1: 9.8; row 41, V2: 8.9; row 41, V3: 7.7; row 41, V4: 7.5; row 41, V5: 7.7; row 41, V6: 7.2; row 41, V7: 6.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Education",
    "value": 19.72637033380543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V7: 6.3; row 41, V8: 6.6; row 41, V9: 6; row 41, V10: 6.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education",
    "value": 14.32038477730649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V10: 6.3; row 41, V11: 5.8; row 41, V12: 5.7; row 41, V13: 5.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Education",
    "value": 11.004077110366445,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V13: 5.6; row 41, V14: 5.3; row 41, V15: 5.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Education",
    "value": 9.013946694935296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V15: 5.7; row 41, V16: 5.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Education",
    "value": 7.299760104746788,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V16: 5.2; row 41, V17: 5.4; row 41, V18: 5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Education",
    "value": 5.554206867169671,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V18: 5; row 41, V19: 5.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Education",
    "value": 2.748651909831286,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5186), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.05: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-education-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-education-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Education",
    "value": 0.35031294476205554,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0661), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.05: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-education-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-education-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Education",
    "value": 0.2796527343680926,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0528), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.05: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-education-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-education-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Education",
    "value": 0.20646256332572535,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0390), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.05: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-education-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-education-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Education",
    "value": 0.12982932743132192,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0245), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.05: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-education-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-education-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Education",
    "value": 0.047006188865449175,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0089), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.05: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-education-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-education-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 2.237706221511212,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 2.416685415440835,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, below P95",
    "value": 1.6044179651695685,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V19: 1.7; row 44, V19: 0.1; row 45, V19: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, above P95",
    "value": 0.8122674502712663,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3008), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.04: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v19",
    "label": "V19, Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.), Insee",
    "value": 1.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v19",
    "label": "V19, Aides au logement et chèque énergie, Insee",
    "value": 0.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v19",
    "label": "V19, Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale, Insee",
    "value": 1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v20",
    "label": "V20, Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.), Insee",
    "value": 1.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v20",
    "label": "V20, Aides au logement et chèque énergie, Insee",
    "value": 0.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v20",
    "label": "V20, Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale, Insee",
    "value": 1.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 116.30000000000003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid + Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid + Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid + Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid + Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid + Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 61.688994515539335,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V1: 4.9; row 42, V2: 6.5; row 42, V3: 7; row 42, V4: 8.8; row 42, V5: 5.7; row 42, V6: 4.7; row 42, V7: 5.3; row 44, V1: 4.4; row 44, V2: 3.2; row 44, V3: 2.6; row 44, V4: 1.9; row 44, V5: 1.1; row 44, V6: 0.6; row 44, V7: 0.5; row 45, V1: 0.8; row 45, V2: 0.9; row 45, V3: 1; row 45, V4: 1.1; row 45, V5: 1; row 45, V6: 1; row 45, V7: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 17.83019137319879,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V7: 5.3; row 42, V8: 4.7; row 42, V9: 4.5; row 42, V10: 3.6; row 44, V7: 0.5; row 44, V8: 0.4; row 44, V9: 0.3; row 44, V10: 0.2; row 45, V7: 1; row 45, V8: 1; row 45, V9: 0.9; row 45, V10: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 11.38318440627714,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V10: 3.6; row 42, V11: 3.7; row 42, V12: 3.4; row 42, V13: 3.1; row 44, V10: 0.2; row 44, V11: 0.2; row 44, V12: 0.2; row 44, V13: 0.1; row 45, V10: 0.9; row 45, V11: 0.9; row 45, V12: 0.9; row 45, V13: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 8.086074904644885,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V13: 3.1; row 42, V14: 3.1; row 42, V15: 2.5; row 44, V13: 0.1; row 44, V14: 0.1; row 44, V15: 0.1; row 45, V13: 0.9; row 45, V14: 0.9; row 45, V15: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 5.446837674957586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V15: 2.5; row 42, V16: 2.1; row 44, V15: 0.1; row 44, V16: 0.1; row 45, V15: 0.9; row 45, V16: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 4.271262579927718,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V16: 2.1; row 42, V17: 2.1; row 42, V18: 2; row 44, V16: 0.1; row 44, V17: 0.1; row 44, V18: 0.1; row 45, V16: 0.9; row 45, V17: 0.9; row 45, V18: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 3.289036580284976,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V18: 2; row 42, V19: 1.7; row 44, V18: 0.1; row 44, V19: 0.1; row 45, V18: 1; row 45, V19: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 1.40806896497636,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5215), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.04: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.17173321620707171,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0636), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.04: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.13421635921559508,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0497), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.04: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.09631090329372842,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0357), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.04: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.05802123674736624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0215), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.04: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.01938186928861634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0072), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.04: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.7989449371293598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.2586169140866477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, below P95",
    "value": 1.4898166819431709,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V19: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, above P95",
    "value": 0.7688002321434767,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-culture-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-culture-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-culture-v19",
    "label": "V19, Culture and leisure, Insee",
    "value": 2.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-culture-v20",
    "label": "V20, Culture and leisure, Insee",
    "value": 2.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 51.99999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure + Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure + Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure + Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure + Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure + Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 17.31638025594151,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V1: 2.6; row 43, V2: 2.6; row 43, V3: 2.6; row 43, V4: 2.6; row 43, V5: 2.6; row 43, V6: 2.6; row 43, V7: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 8.141041725062559,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V7: 2.6; row 43, V8: 2.6; row 43, V9: 2.6; row 43, V10: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 6.441642108517808,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V10: 2.6; row 43, V11: 2.6; row 43, V12: 2.6; row 43, V13: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.235209487368522,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V13: 2.6; row 43, V14: 2.6; row 43, V15: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.327576576014801,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V15: 2.6; row 43, V16: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 3.5823492605845377,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V16: 2.6; row 43, V17: 2.6; row 43, V18: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.8659839045670923,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V18: 2.6; row 43, V19: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.3525322686306915,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-culture-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-culture-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.1685292751760381,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-culture-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-culture-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.1330767344259771,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-culture-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-culture-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.09682164351595914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-culture-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-culture-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.059555715230369705,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-culture-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-culture-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.02068413087748769,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.00: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-culture-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-culture-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 14.672201448906318,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 10.557550594549518,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, below P95",
    "value": 7.047978918423462,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V19: 12.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, above P95",
    "value": 3.5095716761260554,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3052), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.08: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v19",
    "label": "V19, Collective services, Insee",
    "value": 12.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, column U (V19)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v20",
    "label": "V20, Collective services, Insee",
    "value": 11.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, column V (V20)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee",
    "label": "All groups, Collective services",
    "value": 239.5000000000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Collective services + Bottom 33–49%, Collective services + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Collective services + Top 29–39%, Collective services + Top 20–29%, Collective services + Top 13–20%, Collective services + Top 7.9–13%, Collective services + Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services + Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services + Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services + Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services + Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services + Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services + Top 0.04%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s1-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s2-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s3-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s4-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s5-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s6-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s7-insee-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s14-insee-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s1-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Collective services",
    "value": 83.3537842778794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V1: 14.6; row 46, V2: 11.9; row 46, V3: 12.2; row 46, V4: 12.4; row 46, V5: 11.8; row 46, V6: 12.4; row 46, V7: 12.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s2-insee-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Collective services",
    "value": 36.92548302198492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V7: 12.2; row 46, V8: 11.8; row 46, V9: 11.8; row 46, V10: 11.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s3-insee-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Collective services",
    "value": 28.93963402261791,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V10: 11.6; row 46, V11: 11.6; row 46, V12: 11.8; row 46, V13: 11.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s4-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Collective services",
    "value": 23.47236460784913,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V13: 11.6; row 46, V14: 11.8; row 46, V15: 11.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s5-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Collective services",
    "value": 19.18705975774205,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V15: 11.3; row 46, V16: 11.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s6-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Collective services",
    "value": 15.71797929726385,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V16: 11.7; row 46, V17: 11.2; row 46, V18: 12"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s7-insee-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Collective services",
    "value": 13.355716096239293,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V18: 12; row 46, V19: 12.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
    "value": 6.008346839209615,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5225), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.08: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.7195677776246782,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0626), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.08: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.5574726829510036,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0485), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.08: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.3953682535352343,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0344), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.08: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.2340187397195232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0203), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.08: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.07565403083399003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0066), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = -0.08: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s8-ipp-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 3530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-people-s8-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, levies paid",
    "value": 125.91530086647506,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s8-ipp-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s8-ipp-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s8-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s8-ipp-resident",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 16.215607871707846,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 16.962037159062675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 16.950385192528625,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, below P95",
    "value": 11.402827681026576,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V19: -19.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, above P95",
    "value": 5.547557511502048,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp",
    "label": "All groups, Taxes on products",
    "value": 318.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products + Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products + Top 29–39%, Taxes on products + Top 20–29%, Taxes on products + Top 13–20%, Taxes on products + Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s1-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s2-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s3-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s4-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s5-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s6-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s7-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-ipp",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s12-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s1-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 73.41393053016459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V1: -8.2; row 18, V2: -11.1; row 18, V3: -10; row 18, V4: -11.1; row 18, V5: -11.6; row 18, V6: -12.7; row 18, V7: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s2-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.8392852093198,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V7: -13.2; row 18, V8: -13.8; row 18, V9: -14; row 18, V10: -14.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s3-ipp-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products",
    "value": 39.536926681675354,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V10: -14.6; row 18, V11: -15.5; row 18, V12: -16.5; row 18, V13: -16.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s4-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 34.821531325654185,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V13: -16.7; row 18, V14: -17.5; row 18, V15: -18.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s5-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 31.357515855632563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V15: -18.1; row 18, V16: -19.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s6-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27.7766285793717,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V16: -19.4; row 18, V17: -19.7; row 18, V18: -21.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s7-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.151354137155238,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V18: -21.7; row 18, V19: -19.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 13.876221244247697,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.77524424885189,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.775244248845884,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s12-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.77524424885749,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7752442488526103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.775244248842373,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 11.278609499050978,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 11.26205636727695,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, below P95",
    "value": 7.563684692942251,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V19: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, above P95",
    "value": 3.6983716743346986,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp",
    "label": "All groups, Taxes on production",
    "value": 127.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on production + Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production + Top 29–39%, Taxes on production + Top 20–29%, Taxes on production + Top 13–20%, Taxes on production + Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s1-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s2-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s3-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s4-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s5-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s6-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s7-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-ipp",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s12-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s1-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 15.174570383912265,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V1: -0.9; row 20, V2: -1.3; row 20, V3: -1.8; row 20, V4: -2.3; row 20, V5: -2.9; row 20, V6: -3.4; row 20, V7: -3.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s2-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.46114196344187,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V7: -3.9; row 20, V8: -4.3; row 20, V9: -4.8; row 20, V10: -5.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s3-ipp-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.165722037183006,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V10: -5.1; row 20, V11: -5.5; row 20, V12: -5.8; row 20, V13: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s4-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.129627637552913,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V13: -6.7; row 20, V14: -7; row 20, V15: -7.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s5-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.811980791365603,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V15: -7.9; row 20, V16: -8.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s6-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.328570089770153,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V16: -8.6; row 20, V17: -9.3; row 20, V18: -11"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s7-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.064702403831939,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V18: -11; row 20, V19: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 9.250814162831798,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8501628325679267,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.850162832563923,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s12-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8501628325716601,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8501628325684072,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8501628325615824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s8-ipp-resident",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.730738238433084,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 8.415911813446845,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 8.284135064898297,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, below P95",
    "value": 3.839142988084325,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V19: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, above P95",
    "value": 4.444992076813973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0774), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.59: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-total-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-rate",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
    "label": "Personal tax rate, P99–99.9, 2016",
    "value": 23,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Wealth tax, income tax and social levies on capital income and earnings as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
    "label": "Contribution rate, P99–99.9, 2016",
    "value": 14,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Social contributions as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
    "label": "Contribution rate, top 0.1%",
    "value": 2.408594311973928,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Social contributions of the richest 0.1% of tax households as a share of their economic income, 2016: IPP's rates by g-percentile weighted by the income of each slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ (economic income of a slice × its part in P99.9–100 × its rate) ÷ Σ (economic income × part), over P99.9–99.99, P99.99–99.999, P99.999–99.9998, P99.9998–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ipp-slice-p999",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p9999",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99999",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p999998",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p999",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p9999",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99999",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p999998"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p999",
    "label": "Contribution rate, P99.9–99.99, 2016",
    "value": 5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Social contributions as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p9999",
    "label": "Contribution rate, P99.99–99.999, 2016",
    "value": 3,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Social contributions as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99999",
    "label": "Contribution rate, P99.999–99.9998, 2016",
    "value": 1,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Social contributions as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p999998",
    "label": "Contribution rate, P99.9998–100, 2016",
    "value": 0.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Social contributions as a share of economic income, averaged over the slice.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "Figure 1b, p. 6, read from the chart (±1 point)",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "Taux d'imposition global par g-percentile, revenu économique"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Read from IPP Note 92, Figure 1b, to about one point: the figure plots rates by g-percentile, averaged here over the slice."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp",
    "label": "All groups, Corporate tax",
    "value": 78.09999999999575,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax + Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax + Top 29–39%, Corporate tax + Top 20–29%, Corporate tax + Top 13–20%, Corporate tax + Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s1-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s2-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s3-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s4-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s5-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s6-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s7-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-ipp",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s12-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s1-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.298043875685559,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V1: -0.4; row 22, V2: -0.3; row 22, V3: -0.3; row 22, V4: -0.3; row 22, V5: -0.3; row 22, V6: -0.5; row 22, V7: -0.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s2-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.2184825829304518,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V7: -0.3; row 22, V8: -0.4; row 22, V9: -0.4; row 22, V10: -0.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s3-ipp-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.6985701843137975,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V10: -0.4; row 22, V11: -0.6; row 22, V12: -0.8; row 22, V13: -0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s4-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.6237988540965296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V13: -0.8; row 22, V14: -0.7; row 22, V15: -1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s5-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.4707757567962925,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V15: -1.2; row 22, V16: -1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s6-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.9345281596671065,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V16: -1.7; row 22, V17: -2; row 22, V18: -2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s7-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.616657598425938,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V18: -2.6; row 22, V19: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 13.888791245427178,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2420), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.59: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-total-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-rate",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.6237822147575516,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0631), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.59: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-total-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-rate",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.171523531327933,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0727), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.59: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-total-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-rate",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s12-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 5.0487439891450085,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0880), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.59: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-total-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-rate",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.802038163145655,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1185), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.59: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-total-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-rate",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 19.420128779378445,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3383), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.59: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-total-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-rate",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 13.419752363841264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG − Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s8-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG",
    "value": 15.332622900587824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG",
    "value": 15.06298631280466,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, below P95",
    "value": 8.824298808432628,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V19: -15.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, above P95",
    "value": 6.238687504372034,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2129), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp",
    "label": "All groups, CSG",
    "value": 147.19999999999973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, CSG + Bottom 33–49%, CSG + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG + Top 29–39%, CSG + Top 20–29%, CSG + Top 13–20%, CSG + Top 7.9–13%, CSG + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG + Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG + Top 0.04%, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s1-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s2-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s3-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s4-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s5-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s6-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s7-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-ipp",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s12-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s1-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, CSG",
    "value": 14.438628884826343,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V1: -0.5; row 23, V2: -0.9; row 23, V3: -1.5; row 23, V4: -2.2; row 23, V5: -2.8; row 23, V6: -3.7; row 23, V7: -4.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s2-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG",
    "value": 16.25100476510581,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V7: -4.3; row 23, V8: -4.9; row 23, V9: -5.3; row 23, V10: -5.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s3-ipp-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG",
    "value": 16.253784457901023,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V10: -5.8; row 23, V11: -6.2; row 23, V12: -6.8; row 23, V13: -7.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s4-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, CSG",
    "value": 16.170056828445492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V13: -7.6; row 23, V14: -8.1; row 23, V15: -8.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s5-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, CSG",
    "value": 15.66580640928708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V15: -8.9; row 23, V16: -9.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s6-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, CSG",
    "value": 15.279369680827214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V16: -9.8; row 23, V17: -10.7; row 23, V18: -12.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s7-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG",
    "value": 15.017050165174407,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V18: -12.5; row 23, V19: -15.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG",
    "value": 13.808048336156771,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4713), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG",
    "value": 2.3610294606264652,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0806), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG",
    "value": 2.179268999748192,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0744), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s12-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG",
    "value": 1.9558147891824968,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG",
    "value": 1.6553671171690516,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0565), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG",
    "value": 1.1017837927447132,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0376), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.9128705367465602,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 3.5–7.9%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s8-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2.4bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2.1bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 11.33292489446546,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-ipp-key",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-ipp",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-ipp-key",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-ipp-key",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income",
    "value": 19.317663844409104,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-ipp-key-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, below P95",
    "value": 8.938900091659024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V19: 15.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-ipp-key-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, above P95",
    "value": 10.378763752750078,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-ipp",
    "label": "All groups, Net financial income",
    "value": 133.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Net financial income + Bottom 33–49%, Net financial income + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Net financial income + Top 29–39%, Net financial income + Top 20–29%, Net financial income + Top 13–20%, Net financial income + Top 7.9–13%, Net financial income + Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income + Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income + Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income + Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income + Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income + Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income + Top 0.04%, Net financial income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s1-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s2-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s3-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s4-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s5-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s6-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s7-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-ipp-key",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-ipp-key-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s1-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Net financial income",
    "value": 8.254277879341872,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V1: 1; row 8, V2: 0.9; row 8, V3: 1; row 8, V4: 1.1; row 8, V5: 1.3; row 8, V6: 1.7; row 8, V7: 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s2-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Net financial income",
    "value": 6.407486028392183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V7: 1.9; row 8, V8: 1.9; row 8, V9: 2.2; row 8, V10: 2.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s3-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Net financial income",
    "value": 7.2523968247176285,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V10: 2.1; row 8, V11: 2.6; row 8, V12: 3.3; row 8, V13: 3.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s4-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Net financial income",
    "value": 7.969662547072527,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V13: 3.4; row 8, V14: 4.1; row 8, V15: 4.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s5-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Net financial income",
    "value": 8.818623203656216,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V15: 4.9; row 8, V16: 5.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s6-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Net financial income",
    "value": 10.814597505089369,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V16: 5.6; row 8, V17: 7.4; row 8, V18: 9.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s7-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Net financial income",
    "value": 13.144055920071178,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V18: 9.6; row 8, V19: 15.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-ipp-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income",
    "value": 25.96061812362257,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-ipp-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624728912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-ipp-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624717675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-ipp-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624739389,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-ipp-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624730259,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-ipp-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.192123624711107,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-ipp-key",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 12.102892619770351,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-ipp-key-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, below P95",
    "value": 8.537795600366634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V19: 14.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-ipp-key-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, above P95",
    "value": 3.5650970194037184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-ipp",
    "label": "All groups, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 166.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Rents, actual and imputed + Bottom 33–49%, Rents, actual and imputed + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 29–39%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 20–29%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 13–20%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 7.9–13%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s1-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s2-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s3-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s4-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s5-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s6-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s7-ipp-key-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-ipp-key",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-ipp-key-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s1-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 29.0268921389397,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V1: 3.3; row 9, V2: 3.6; row 9, V3: 3.4; row 9, V4: 3.9; row 9, V5: 5; row 9, V6: 5.8; row 9, V7: 6.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s2-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 20.691452501494492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V7: 6.1; row 9, V8: 6.2; row 9, V9: 6.8; row 9, V10: 7.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s3-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 19.820831351427476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V10: 7.1; row 9, V11: 7.6; row 9, V12: 8.4; row 9, V13: 8.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s4-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 18.756711858605623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V13: 8.7; row 9, V14: 9.6; row 9, V15: 9.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s5-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 17.140885849838526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V15: 9.9; row 9, V16: 10.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s6-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 16.351754158931726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V16: 10.6; row 9, V17: 11.6; row 9, V18: 12.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s7-ipp-key-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 15.073676540395827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V18: 12.9; row 9, V19: 14.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-ipp-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 8.917451490297319,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-ipp-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980609744,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-ipp-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980571148,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-ipp-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980645733,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-ipp-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980614373,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-ipp-key-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7834902980548586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 19.98675500768148,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 19.62927173376751,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, below P95",
    "value": 9.110802016498623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V19: -15.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, above P95",
    "value": 10.51846971726889,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2129), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp",
    "label": "All groups, Income tax",
    "value": 101.49999999999953,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Income tax + Bottom 33–49%, Income tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax + Top 29–39%, Income tax + Top 20–29%, Income tax + Top 13–20%, Income tax + Top 7.9–13%, Income tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax + Top 0.04%, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s1-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s2-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s3-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s4-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s5-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s6-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s7-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-ipp",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s12-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s1-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.9320292504570395,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V1: -2.7; row 24, V2: 0; row 24, V3: 0; row 24, V4: -0.1; row 24, V5: 0; row 24, V6: 0; row 24, V7: -0.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s2-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Income tax",
    "value": 1.3218920521209794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V7: -0.2; row 24, V8: -0.2; row 24, V9: -0.5; row 24, V10: -0.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s3-ipp-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax",
    "value": 3.2569332243802753,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V10: -0.7; row 24, V11: -1.1; row 24, V12: -1.5; row 24, V13: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s4-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Income tax",
    "value": 5.062314546958442,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V13: -1.9; row 24, V14: -2.6; row 24, V15: -3.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s5-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Income tax",
    "value": 7.271785054523631,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V15: -3.8; row 24, V16: -4.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s6-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Income tax",
    "value": 9.804559068040573,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V16: -4.8; row 24, V17: -6.4; row 24, V18: -9.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s7-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Income tax",
    "value": 13.339684787020438,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V18: -9.7; row 24, V19: -15.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax",
    "value": 23.280463747649982,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4713), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 3.980711786858272,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0806), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax",
    "value": 3.674262409131764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0744), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s12-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax",
    "value": 3.297517084833288,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.7909602589812676,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0565), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Income tax",
    "value": 1.8576149952760692,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0376), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.6261425324433816,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.535454102976416,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, below P95",
    "value": 1.6617186067827674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V19: -2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, above P95",
    "value": 1.8737354961936485,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2129), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp",
    "label": "All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 24.099999999999916,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s1-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s2-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s3-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s4-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s5-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s6-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s7-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-ipp",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s1-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.830073126142598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V1: -0.2; row 25, V2: -0.2; row 25, V3: -0.2; row 25, V4: -0.2; row 25, V5: -0.3; row 25, V6: -0.4; row 25, V7: -0.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s2-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.7447165617814178,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V7: -0.5; row 25, V8: -0.5; row 25, V9: -0.6; row 25, V10: -0.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s3-ipp-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.8403069550057922,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V10: -0.6; row 25, V11: -0.7; row 25, V12: -0.8; row 25, V13: -0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s4-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.7673162712588069,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V13: -0.8; row 25, V14: -0.9; row 25, V15: -1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s5-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.8538256179214772,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V15: -1; row 25, V16: -1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s6-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.0806764239016386,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V16: -1.2; row 25, V17: -1.4; row 25, V18: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s7-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.5213664372055016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V18: -1.9; row 25, V19: -2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.147127145330361,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4713), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7091146502905425,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0806), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.6545244777400714,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0744), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.5874119503346749,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.4971751068630599,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0565), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.3309111732475589,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0376), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.66: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-personal-p99",
        "dna-top01-personal-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 30.096240447842703,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.28160190187036,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, below P95",
    "value": 20.456329055912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V19: -35.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, above P95",
    "value": 14.825272845958358,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2587), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.31: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp",
    "label": "All groups, Pension contributions",
    "value": 328.6999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Pension contributions + Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions + Top 29–39%, Pension contributions + Top 20–29%, Pension contributions + Top 13–20%, Pension contributions + Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s1-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s2-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s3-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s4-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s5-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s6-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s7-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-ipp",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s1-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 34.53936014625233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V1: -1.4; row 26, V2: -2.5; row 26, V3: -4.2; row 26, V4: -5.6; row 26, V5: -6.9; row 26, V6: -7.8; row 26, V7: -9.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s2-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.268618144114015,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V7: -9.3; row 26, V8: -10.9; row 26, V9: -12; row 26, V10: -12.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s3-ipp-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.79726077372321,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V10: -12.9; row 26, V11: -13.8; row 26, V12: -14.6; row 26, V13: -17.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s4-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.71246696819591,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V13: -17.5; row 26, V14: -18.1; row 26, V15: -20.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s5-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.46551262214879,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V15: -20.6; row 26, V16: -22.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s6-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.86013618427543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V16: -22.9; row 26, V17: -25; row 26, V18: -29.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s7-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.300316105378315,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V18: -29.7; row 26, V19: -35.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 28.948870717499954,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5052), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.31: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.180599739470937,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0730), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.31: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 3.5471450483189675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0619), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.31: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 2.842221850045828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0496), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.31: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 2.023190176266241,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0353), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.31: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.9326996224395679,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0163), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.31: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 22.64858436872776,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 26.566924329950417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, below P95",
    "value": 14.898166819431708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V19: -18.2; row 27, V19: -3.7; row 28, V19: -4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, above P95",
    "value": 11.668757510518708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2587), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.31: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp",
    "label": "All groups, Other contributions",
    "value": 213.99999999999983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Other contributions + Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions + Top 29–39%, Other contributions + Top 20–29%, Other contributions + Top 13–20%, Other contributions + Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions + Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s1-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s2-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s3-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s4-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s5-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s6-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s7-ipp-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-ipp",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s12-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-ipp-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s1-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other contributions",
    "value": 17.86870201096894,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V1: -0.5; row 29, V2: -0.8; row 29, V3: -1.3; row 29, V4: -1.7; row 29, V5: -2.1; row 29, V6: -2.4; row 29, V7: -2.8; row 27, V1: -0.1; row 27, V2: -0.2; row 27, V3: -0.4; row 27, V4: -0.5; row 27, V5: -0.7; row 27, V6: -0.8; row 27, V7: -0.9; row 28, V1: -0.1; row 28, V2: -0.3; row 28, V3: -0.5; row 28, V4: -0.6; row 28, V5: -0.8; row 28, V6: -0.9; row 28, V7: -1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s2-ipp-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions",
    "value": 20.24530070273526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V7: -2.8; row 29, V8: -3.6; row 29, V9: -4.1; row 29, V10: -4.8; row 27, V7: -0.9; row 27, V8: -1.1; row 27, V9: -1.2; row 27, V10: -1.3; row 28, V7: -1.1; row 28, V8: -1.3; row 28, V9: -1.3; row 28, V10: -1.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s3-ipp-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions",
    "value": 21.20914072474953,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V10: -4.8; row 29, V11: -5.1; row 29, V12: -5.6; row 29, V13: -6.7; row 27, V10: -1.3; row 27, V11: -1.4; row 27, V12: -1.5; row 27, V13: -1.9; row 28, V10: -1.5; row 28, V11: -1.6; row 28, V12: -1.6; row 28, V13: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s4-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other contributions",
    "value": 22.291741863160535,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V13: -6.7; row 29, V14: -7.1; row 29, V15: -8.4; row 27, V13: -1.9; row 27, V14: -1.9; row 27, V15: -2.2; row 28, V13: -1.9; row 28, V14: -2; row 28, V15: -2.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s5-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other contributions",
    "value": 23.198723261076868,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V15: -8.4; row 29, V16: -9.8; row 27, V15: -2.2; row 27, V16: -2.5; row 28, V15: -2.2; row 28, V16: -2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s6-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other contributions",
    "value": 24.10751753701562,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V16: -9.8; row 29, V17: -11.3; row 29, V18: -14.3; row 27, V16: -2.5; row 27, V17: -2.6; row 27, V18: -3.2; row 28, V16: -2.5; row 28, V17: -2.7; row 28, V18: -3.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s7-ipp-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions",
    "value": 25.08070708086154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V18: -14.3; row 29, V19: -18.2; row 27, V18: -3.2; row 27, V19: -3.7; row 28, V18: -3.2; row 28, V19: -4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
    "value": 22.785236812552323,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5052), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.31: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.2904894982572297,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0730), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.31: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
    "value": 2.791906486547739,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0619), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.31: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s12-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
    "value": 2.2370716481163497,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0496), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.31: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
    "value": 1.5924236814940225,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0353), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.31: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-ipp-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.7341143625135169,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0163), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.31: one plus the change in log of IPP's 2016 rate over the change in log of economic income, between P99–99.9 and P99.9–100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-ipp-rate-contributions-p99",
        "dna-top01-contribution-rate",
        "dna-ipp-slice-p99"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, people",
    "value": 2970950,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-30",
        "dna-2023-edge-20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s8-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 3260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, levies paid",
    "value": 116.15640573808977,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s8-insee-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s8-insee-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s8-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 17.863999651275833,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.686306939075607,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 12.411216477405656,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s8-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.9881694327244483,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.98668660909134,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 12.963977581403146,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG − Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG",
    "value": 14.876848118149706,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.9128705367465602,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 3.5–7.9%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2.4bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2.1bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 11.33292489446546,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee-key",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee-key",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 14.937696766659782,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.7592986421832064,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 28.444116117575092,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 20.875060532116045,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s8-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 3310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s8",
        "dna-2023-people-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€3,310",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,310",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,280",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,260",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,530",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, levies paid",
    "value": 117.89667852483466,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s8-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s8",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s8-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s8",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s8",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s8",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s8",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s8",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s8-resident",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 16.215607871707846,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s8",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 16.962037159062675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 11.278609499050978,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s8-resident",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.88860301834599,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s8",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 13.614780359570812,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 12.037948964764833,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG − Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s8",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG",
    "value": 13.950819501511393,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.9128705367465602,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 3.5–7.9%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2.4bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2.1bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 11.33292489446546,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 17.656312925040016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.207969903956786,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 25.592692957505243,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 19.10606284771642,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s9-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, people",
    "value": 1779100,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-20",
        "dna-2023-edge-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-edge-10",
    "label": "Rank above which people hold 10% of income",
    "value": 99.07948557841186,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rank in Insee's ranking by living standard above which people hold this share of extended primary income: linear between Insee's twentieths below P95, on the generalized Pareto tail above.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of primary income above the rank = 10%, on Insee's curve (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490 above P95)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s9-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 610,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income",
    "value": 12.952218056322183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2079), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.67: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-financial-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-financial-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, people",
    "value": 1779100,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-20",
        "dna-2023-edge-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s9-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 10.594356365015516,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4951), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.44: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-rents-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-rents-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s9-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s9-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 8.198678942949662,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3831), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
    "label": "Inverted Pareto coefficient at P95",
    "value": 1.9203691785542454,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean extended primary income above P95 of Insee's ranking over the income at P95: the steepness of the top of the curve.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Generalized Pareto interpolation (Blanchet, Fournier and Piketty 2022) of Insee's concentration curve of extended primary income along its ranking by living standard: φ = −log (share above rank p), x = −log (1 − p), at p = 0, 5%, ..., 95%; derivatives at P95 from the parabola through P85, P90 and P95; then the largest shape at which the tail holds, above P99, P99.9 and P99.99, no more of the top 5%'s income than WID's ranking of adults by their own pre-tax income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-2023-wid-s-p95p100",
        "dna-2023-wid-s-p99p100",
        "dna-2023-wid-s-p99.9p100",
        "dna-2023-wid-s-p99.99p100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-wid-s-p99.99p100",
    "label": "WID pre-tax income share above P99.99",
    "value": 1.9800000000000002,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of pre-tax national income going to the adults above this percentile, adults ranked by their own pre-tax income, income split equally between spouses.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID_data_FR.csv, wid_all_data.zip (last modified 9 September 2026)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable sptincj992, percentile p99.99p100, year 2023; extract raw/wid_FR_top_shares.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid",
    "label": "Shape of the top 5%'s tail",
    "value": 0.6416096091030001,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalized Pareto shape: the coefficient tends to 1 ÷ (1 − shape) at the very top; a strict Pareto tail has shape 1 − 1 ÷ b.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Generalized Pareto interpolation (Blanchet, Fournier and Piketty 2022) of Insee's concentration curve of extended primary income along its ranking by living standard: φ = −log (share above rank p), x = −log (1 − p), at p = 0, 5%, ..., 95%; derivatives at P95 from the parabola through P85, P90 and P95; then the largest shape at which the tail holds, above P99, P99.9 and P99.99, no more of the top 5%'s income than WID's ranking of adults by their own pre-tax income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-2023-wid-s-p95p100",
        "dna-2023-wid-s-p99p100",
        "dna-2023-wid-s-p99.9p100",
        "dna-2023-wid-s-p99.99p100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, people",
    "value": 1779100,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-20",
        "dna-2023-edge-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s9-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 420,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€420",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€420",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€380",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€500",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€420",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s9-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1770,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s9-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 37.866242161554645,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4189), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
    "label": "Inverted Pareto coefficient at P95",
    "value": 1.9203691785542454,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean extended primary income above P95 of Insee's ranking over the income at P95: the steepness of the top of the curve.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Generalized Pareto interpolation (Blanchet, Fournier and Piketty 2022) of Insee's concentration curve of extended primary income along its ranking by living standard: φ = −log (share above rank p), x = −log (1 − p), at p = 0, 5%, ..., 95%; derivatives at P95 from the parabola through P85, P90 and P95; then the coefficient b held at its P95 value up to the top, a strict Pareto tail",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto",
    "label": "Shape of the top 5%'s tail",
    "value": 0.4792667935064171,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalized Pareto shape: the coefficient tends to 1 ÷ (1 − shape) at the very top; a strict Pareto tail has shape 1 − 1 ÷ b.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Generalized Pareto interpolation (Blanchet, Fournier and Piketty 2022) of Insee's concentration curve of extended primary income along its ranking by living standard: φ = −log (share above rank p), x = −log (1 − p), at p = 0, 5%, ..., 95%; derivatives at P95 from the parabola through P85, P90 and P95; then the coefficient b held at its P95 value up to the top, a strict Pareto tail",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s9-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, people",
    "value": 1779100,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-20",
        "dna-2023-edge-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s9-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s9-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 6.02794931763573,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0667), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.94: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-retained-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-retained-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s9-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1760,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,760",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,770",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,620",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€280",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,760",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s9-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 37.66998199639616,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4167), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s9-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2230,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, transfers received",
    "value": 47.65015533970626,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care + Top 0.9–3.5%, Education + Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-health-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-education-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-culture-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.6474565926738525,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.889989514359544,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions",
    "value": 17.27585269789312,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 1.227064966532476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 3.936856153632009,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care",
    "value": 4.904517063098421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Education",
    "value": 3.0373526258062884,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.9–3.5%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 1.3037876850304484,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.077265941728411,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
    "value": 8.350012098951684,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s9-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2200,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s9-wid",
        "dna-2023-people-s9-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, transfers received",
    "value": 46.896353633904646,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care + Top 0.9–3.5%, Education + Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s9-wid",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s9-wid",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s9-wid",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-wid",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s9-wid",
        "dna-2023-health-s9-wid",
        "dna-2023-education-s9-wid",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s9-wid",
        "dna-2023-culture-s9-wid",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s9-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.2703750963162548,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.9194780122934201,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3831), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 31.999999999999996,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products + Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products + Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products + Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products + Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 9.656234003656314,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V1: 1.4; row 19, V2: 1.4; row 19, V3: 1.4; row 19, V4: 1.4; row 19, V5: 1.5; row 19, V6: 1.5; row 19, V7: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.730740216153726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V7: 1.6; row 19, V8: 1.5; row 19, V9: 1.5; row 19, V10: 1.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.8432190660495764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V10: 1.5; row 19, V11: 1.5; row 19, V12: 1.6; row 19, V13: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.249908668261029,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V13: 1.6; row 19, V14: 1.6; row 19, V15: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.8295692997019852,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V15: 1.7; row 19, V16: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.3747744939779567,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V16: 1.7; row 19, V17: 1.7; row 19, V18: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.941443344775032,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V18: 1.8; row 19, V19: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.3653219852513523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, below P95",
    "value": 0.9741109074243809,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V19: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, above P95",
    "value": 0.3912110778269713,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1630), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.18016743932557025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0751), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.18335705014780992,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0764), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.1916517234614852,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0799), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.21224778773597644,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0884), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.3218869092087665,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1341), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.0906839431251125,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 2.949991956108056,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3831), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 38.199999999999996,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production + Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production + Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production + Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production + Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.026160877513716,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V1: 0.2; row 21, V2: 0.3; row 21, V3: 0.5; row 21, V4: 0.6; row 21, V5: 0.8; row 21, V6: 0.9; row 21, V7: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.9816817276423215,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V7: 1.1; row 21, V8: 1.2; row 21, V9: 1.3; row 21, V10: 1.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.103011921802257,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V10: 1.4; row 21, V11: 1.6; row 21, V12: 1.7; row 21, V13: 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.038695175675519,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V13: 1.9; row 21, V14: 2; row 21, V15: 2.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.017613905928878,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V15: 2.3; row 21, V16: 2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.004320262405051,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V16: 2.5; row 21, V17: 2.8; row 21, V18: 3.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.979189822891103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V18: 3.3; row 21, V19: 4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.6044618475026864,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, below P95",
    "value": 2.349326306141154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V19: 4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, above P95",
    "value": 1.2551355413615328,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1630), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.5780372011695378,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0751), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.5882705358908903,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0764), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.6148826127722651,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0799), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.680961652319591,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0884), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.032720500378126,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1341), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions",
    "value": 17.613227101746872,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions",
    "value": 18.93545176082968,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Pensions",
    "value": 397.79999999999995,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Pensions + Bottom 33–49%, Pensions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions + Top 29–39%, Pensions + Top 20–29%, Pensions + Top 13–20%, Pensions + Top 7.9–13%, Pensions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions + Top 0.04%, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Pensions",
    "value": 79.77872029250464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V1: 2.4; row 31, V2: 8.2; row 31, V3: 10.5; row 31, V4: 12.2; row 31, V5: 15.3; row 31, V6: 18.9; row 31, V7: 18.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Pensions",
    "value": 58.82673425294988,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V7: 18.6; row 31, V8: 17.7; row 31, V9: 18.9; row 31, V10: 20.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions",
    "value": 53.4139452510867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V10: 20.1; row 31, V11: 20.2; row 31, V12: 23.4; row 31, V13: 20.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Pensions",
    "value": 45.604338521215766,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V13: 20.9; row 31, V14: 23.8; row 31, V15: 23.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Pensions",
    "value": 39.96383813484239,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V15: 23.1; row 31, V16: 24.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Pensions",
    "value": 34.77133263830971,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V16: 24.7; row 31, V17: 24.4; row 31, V18: 27.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Pensions",
    "value": 31.736297141904842,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V18: 27.9; row 31, V19: 30.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 28.067997017194735,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, below P95",
    "value": 17.30479376718606,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V19: 30.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, above P95",
    "value": 10.763203250008674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 2.3594098524645335,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.863074281963679,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.355503009223428,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.8337800132251758,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.28957783228482764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 1.2173174480741533,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 1.3005117967602802,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 45.800000000000004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits + Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits + Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits + Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 18.25036563071299,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V1: 2.5; row 32, V2: 3.3; row 32, V3: 2.9; row 32, V4: 2.8; row 32, V5: 2.9; row 32, V6: 2.2; row 32, V7: 2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 7.332266662367063,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V7: 2.5; row 32, V8: 2.3; row 32, V9: 2.6; row 32, V10: 2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 4.455109314244467,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V10: 2; row 32, V11: 1.6; row 32, V12: 1.9; row 32, V13: 2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.7706016382149863,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V13: 2; row 32, V14: 1.8; row 32, V15: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.8066414639406165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V15: 1.8; row 32, V16: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.5694610383204646,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V16: 1.6; row 32, V17: 1.9; row 32, V18: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.4538356454166457,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V18: 1.8; row 32, V19: 2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.400949599228418,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, below P95",
    "value": 1.6617186067827674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V19: 2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, above P95",
    "value": 0.7392309924456507,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.16204737997695973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.1279583984865164,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.09309773414996071,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.057265110798432405,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.0198885873821997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.066322454757251,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.369719637114541,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 147.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits + Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits + Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits + Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 62.81906764168191,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V1: 0.2; row 33, V2: 0.4; row 33, V3: 0.6; row 33, V4: 0.7; row 33, V5: 0.9; row 33, V6: 1; row 33, V7: 1.2; row 34, V1: 3.2; row 34, V2: 4; row 34, V3: 3.2; row 34, V4: 3; row 34, V5: 2.7; row 34, V6: 2.5; row 34, V7: 1.8; row 35, V1: 5.6; row 35, V2: 4.4; row 35, V3: 4.1; row 35, V4: 4.3; row 35, V5: 2.7; row 35, V6: 1.9; row 35, V7: 2; row 36, V1: 0.5; row 36, V2: 1.7; row 36, V3: 2.1; row 36, V4: 1.5; row 36, V5: 1.3; row 36, V6: 1.3; row 36, V7: 1.3; row 37, V1: 0.4; row 37, V2: 0.4; row 37, V3: 0.8; row 37, V4: 0.8; row 37, V5: 0.9; row 37, V6: 0.9; row 37, V7: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.966224081520235,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V7: 1.2; row 33, V8: 1.4; row 33, V9: 1.5; row 33, V10: 1.6; row 34, V7: 1.8; row 34, V8: 1.9; row 34, V9: 1.7; row 34, V10: 1.7; row 35, V7: 2; row 35, V8: 1.6; row 35, V9: 1.4; row 35, V10: 0.9; row 36, V7: 1.3; row 36, V8: 0.9; row 36, V9: 1.1; row 36, V10: 1.1; row 37, V7: 1; row 37, V8: 1; row 37, V9: 1; row 37, V10: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 14.90104601840517,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V10: 1.6; row 33, V11: 1.7; row 33, V12: 1.8; row 33, V13: 2; row 34, V10: 1.7; row 34, V11: 1.5; row 34, V12: 1.2; row 34, V13: 1; row 35, V10: 0.9; row 35, V11: 0.8; row 35, V12: 0.8; row 35, V13: 0.6; row 36, V10: 1.1; row 36, V11: 1.3; row 36, V12: 0.9; row 36, V13: 1.2; row 37, V10: 1; row 37, V11: 1; row 37, V12: 1; row 37, V13: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.85165716068663,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V13: 2; row 33, V14: 2.1; row 33, V15: 2.4; row 34, V13: 1; row 34, V14: 0.9; row 34, V15: 0.8; row 35, V13: 0.6; row 35, V14: 0.6; row 35, V15: 0.5; row 36, V13: 1.2; row 36, V14: 1.2; row 36, V15: 1; row 37, V13: 1.1; row 37, V14: 1.1; row 37, V15: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.937884302599002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V15: 2.4; row 33, V16: 2.6; row 34, V15: 0.8; row 34, V16: 0.8; row 35, V15: 0.5; row 35, V16: 0.4; row 36, V15: 1; row 36, V16: 1.2; row 37, V15: 1.1; row 37, V16: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 8.137211704197943,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V16: 2.6; row 33, V17: 2.8; row 33, V18: 3.2; row 34, V16: 0.8; row 34, V17: 0.6; row 34, V18: 0.4; row 35, V16: 0.4; row 35, V17: 0.4; row 35, V18: 0.4; row 36, V16: 1.2; row 36, V17: 0.9; row 36, V18: 1.1; row 37, V16: 1.1; row 37, V17: 1.1; row 37, V18: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.919668027664361,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V18: 3.2; row 33, V19: 3.8; row 34, V18: 0.4; row 34, V19: 0.4; row 35, V18: 0.4; row 35, V19: 0.2; row 36, V18: 1.1; row 36, V19: 0.8; row 37, V18: 1.1; row 37, V19: 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.151057197862114,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, below P95",
    "value": 3.6672410632447283,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V19: 3.8; row 34, V19: 0.4; row 35, V19: 0.2; row 36, V19: 0.8; row 37, V19: 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, above P95",
    "value": 2.4838161346173857,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.5444791967225845,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.4299402189146951,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.3128083867438679,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.19241077228273284,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.06682565360419097,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care",
    "value": 4.900068993741821,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care",
    "value": 4.109617277762486,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Health care",
    "value": 209.40000000000003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Health care + Bottom 33–49%, Health care + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care + Top 29–39%, Health care + Top 20–29%, Health care + Top 13–20%, Health care + Top 7.9–13%, Health care + Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care + Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care + Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care + Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care + Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care + Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care + Top 0.04%, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Health care",
    "value": 78.8100182815357,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V1: 9.1; row 40, V2: 8.4; row 40, V3: 14.1; row 40, V4: 14.1; row 40, V5: 11.8; row 40, V6: 12.2; row 40, V7: 13.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Health care",
    "value": 35.76574833990255,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V7: 13.8; row 40, V8: 13.6; row 40, V9: 9.8; row 40, V10: 9.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care",
    "value": 26.12803805811415,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V10: 9.7; row 40, V11: 10.5; row 40, V12: 10.7; row 40, V13: 10.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Health care",
    "value": 20.89901605111879,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V13: 10.8; row 40, V14: 10.8; row 40, V15: 7.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Health care",
    "value": 12.982729728044403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V15: 7.8; row 40, V16: 7.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Health care",
    "value": 12.566555113131914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V16: 7.8; row 40, V17: 9.1; row 40, V18: 9.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Health care",
    "value": 9.76384309909658,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V18: 9.4; row 40, V19: 8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care",
    "value": 6.920021265184166,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, below P95",
    "value": 4.58405132905591,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V19: 8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, above P95",
    "value": 2.335969936128256,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care",
    "value": 0.5120697207271927,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care",
    "value": 0.4043485392173919,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care",
    "value": 0.29418883991387584,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care",
    "value": 0.1809577501230464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Health care",
    "value": 0.06284793612775105,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Education",
    "value": 3.0466714836116253,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.9–3.5%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Education",
    "value": 2.757085009131794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Education",
    "value": 128.10000000000002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Education + Bottom 33–49%, Education + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education + Top 29–39%, Education + Top 20–29%, Education + Top 13–20%, Education + Top 7.9–13%, Education + Top 3.5–7.9%, Education + Top 0.9–3.5%, Education + Top 0.6–0.9%, Education + Top 0.3–0.6%, Education + Top 0.2–0.3%, Education + Top 0.04–0.2%, Education + Top 0.04%, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Education",
    "value": 52.95892138939675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V1: 9.8; row 41, V2: 8.9; row 41, V3: 7.7; row 41, V4: 7.5; row 41, V5: 7.7; row 41, V6: 7.2; row 41, V7: 6.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Education",
    "value": 19.72637033380543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V7: 6.3; row 41, V8: 6.6; row 41, V9: 6; row 41, V10: 6.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education",
    "value": 14.32038477730649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V10: 6.3; row 41, V11: 5.8; row 41, V12: 5.7; row 41, V13: 5.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Education",
    "value": 11.004077110366445,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V13: 5.6; row 41, V14: 5.3; row 41, V15: 5.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Education",
    "value": 9.013946694935296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V15: 5.7; row 41, V16: 5.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Education",
    "value": 7.299760104746788,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V16: 5.2; row 41, V17: 5.4; row 41, V18: 5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Education",
    "value": 5.554206867169671,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V18: 5; row 41, V19: 5.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education",
    "value": 4.489502426257922,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, below P95",
    "value": 2.9223327222731426,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V19: 5.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, above P95",
    "value": 1.5671697039847794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Education",
    "value": 0.3435404455511546,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Education",
    "value": 0.2712718047914148,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Education",
    "value": 0.1973671963979167,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Education",
    "value": 0.1214020348926767,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Education",
    "value": 0.042163805250263364,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 1.300531871371691,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 1.404552740501103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 116.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid + Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid + Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid + Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid + Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid + Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 61.688994515539335,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V1: 4.9; row 42, V2: 6.5; row 42, V3: 7; row 42, V4: 8.8; row 42, V5: 5.7; row 42, V6: 4.7; row 42, V7: 5.3; row 44, V1: 4.4; row 44, V2: 3.2; row 44, V3: 2.6; row 44, V4: 1.9; row 44, V5: 1.1; row 44, V6: 0.6; row 44, V7: 0.5; row 45, V1: 0.8; row 45, V2: 0.9; row 45, V3: 1; row 45, V4: 1.1; row 45, V5: 1; row 45, V6: 1; row 45, V7: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 17.83019137319879,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V7: 5.3; row 42, V8: 4.7; row 42, V9: 4.5; row 42, V10: 3.6; row 44, V7: 0.5; row 44, V8: 0.4; row 44, V9: 0.3; row 44, V10: 0.2; row 45, V7: 1; row 45, V8: 1; row 45, V9: 0.9; row 45, V10: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 11.38318440627714,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V10: 3.6; row 42, V11: 3.7; row 42, V12: 3.4; row 42, V13: 3.1; row 44, V10: 0.2; row 44, V11: 0.2; row 44, V12: 0.2; row 44, V13: 0.1; row 45, V10: 0.9; row 45, V11: 0.9; row 45, V12: 0.9; row 45, V13: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 8.086074904644885,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V13: 3.1; row 42, V14: 3.1; row 42, V15: 2.5; row 44, V13: 0.1; row 44, V14: 0.1; row 44, V15: 0.1; row 45, V13: 0.9; row 45, V14: 0.9; row 45, V15: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 5.446837674957586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V15: 2.5; row 42, V16: 2.1; row 44, V15: 0.1; row 44, V16: 0.1; row 45, V15: 0.9; row 45, V16: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 4.271262579927718,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V16: 2.1; row 42, V17: 2.1; row 42, V18: 2; row 44, V16: 0.1; row 44, V17: 0.1; row 44, V18: 0.1; row 45, V16: 0.9; row 45, V17: 0.9; row 45, V18: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 3.289036580284976,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V18: 2; row 42, V19: 1.7; row 44, V18: 0.1; row 44, V19: 0.1; row 45, V18: 1; row 45, V19: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 2.402787437010871,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, below P95",
    "value": 1.6044179651695685,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V19: 1.7; row 44, V19: 0.1; row 45, V19: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, above P95",
    "value": 0.7983694718413028,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.17501117037511651,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.13819507036543774,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.10054555288195757,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.061846319662307005,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.02147967437277568,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.077265941728411,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.3525322686306915,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 51.99999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure + Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure + Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure + Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure + Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure + Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 17.31638025594151,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V1: 2.6; row 43, V2: 2.6; row 43, V3: 2.6; row 43, V4: 2.6; row 43, V5: 2.6; row 43, V6: 2.6; row 43, V7: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 8.141041725062559,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V7: 2.6; row 43, V8: 2.6; row 43, V9: 2.6; row 43, V10: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 6.441642108517808,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V10: 2.6; row 43, V11: 2.6; row 43, V12: 2.6; row 43, V13: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.235209487368522,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V13: 2.6; row 43, V14: 2.6; row 43, V15: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.327576576014801,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V15: 2.6; row 43, V16: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 3.5823492605845377,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V16: 2.6; row 43, V17: 2.6; row 43, V18: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.8659839045670923,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V18: 2.6; row 43, V19: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.2586169140866477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, below P95",
    "value": 1.4898166819431709,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V19: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, above P95",
    "value": 0.7688002321434767,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.1685292751760381,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.1330767344259771,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.09682164351595914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.059555715230369705,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.02068413087748769,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
    "value": 8.31388929943145,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
    "value": 5.982354265097289,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Collective services",
    "value": 239.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Collective services + Bottom 33–49%, Collective services + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Collective services + Top 29–39%, Collective services + Top 20–29%, Collective services + Top 13–20%, Collective services + Top 7.9–13%, Collective services + Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services + Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services + Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services + Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services + Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services + Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services + Top 0.04%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Collective services",
    "value": 83.3537842778794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V1: 14.6; row 46, V2: 11.9; row 46, V3: 12.2; row 46, V4: 12.4; row 46, V5: 11.8; row 46, V6: 12.4; row 46, V7: 12.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Collective services",
    "value": 36.92548302198492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V7: 12.2; row 46, V8: 11.8; row 46, V9: 11.8; row 46, V10: 11.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Collective services",
    "value": 28.93963402261791,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V10: 11.6; row 46, V11: 11.6; row 46, V12: 11.8; row 46, V13: 11.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Collective services",
    "value": 23.47236460784913,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V13: 11.6; row 46, V14: 11.8; row 46, V15: 11.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Collective services",
    "value": 19.18705975774205,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V15: 11.3; row 46, V16: 11.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Collective services",
    "value": 15.71797929726385,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V16: 11.7; row 46, V17: 11.2; row 46, V18: 12"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Collective services",
    "value": 13.355716096239293,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V18: 12; row 46, V19: 12.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 10.448441483673456,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, below P95",
    "value": 7.047978918423462,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V19: 12.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, above P95",
    "value": 3.400462565249993,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.7454179478940147,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.5886086330379755,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.42824957708981926,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.26341950967278904,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.09148750195811862,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s9-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s9",
        "dna-2023-people-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,220",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,220",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,200",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,230",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,220",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, transfers received",
    "value": 47.36635399482549,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care + Top 0.9–3.5%, Education + Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s9",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s9",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s9",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s9",
        "dna-2023-health-s9",
        "dna-2023-education-s9",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s9",
        "dna-2023-culture-s9",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.3817480077840805,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.449311392578131,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions",
    "value": 17.613227101746872,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 1.2173174480741533,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.066322454757251,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care",
    "value": 4.900068993741821,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Education",
    "value": 3.0466714836116253,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.9–3.5%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 1.300531871371691,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.077265941728411,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
    "value": 8.31388929943145,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s9-ipp-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 5620,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2023-people-s9-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, levies paid",
    "value": 119.95561419949075,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s9-ipp-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s9-ipp-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s9-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s9-ipp-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 13.274704962867917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 13.885759981197953,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 9.264411142003324,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s9-ipp-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 11.284439182711345,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 14.109721944559181,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 11.805343379429088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG − Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s9-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG",
    "value": 14.055220773281098,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.2498773938520102,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.9–3.5%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s9-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€3.3bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2.9bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 13.329543759739948,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-ipp",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax",
    "value": 23.704441596223383,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.253505685867263,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 24.69423514926073,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
    "value": 19.424655707275697,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, people",
    "value": 1779100,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-20",
        "dna-2023-edge-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s9-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 4840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, levies paid",
    "value": 103.3421568937114,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s9-insee-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s9-insee-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s9-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.17166839255049,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.870043545417488,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 10.572284786555572,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s9-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.10977225139361,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.888365302663355,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 11.340408100767123,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG − Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s9-insee",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG",
    "value": 13.590285494619133,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.2498773938520102,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.9–3.5%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€3.3bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2.9bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 13.329543759739948,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax",
    "value": 16.239341367436214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.993901770432909,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 23.557332069469602,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
    "value": 18.10757076125387,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s9-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 5410,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s9",
        "dna-2023-people-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€5,410",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,440",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€4,970",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€4,840",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,620",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, levies paid",
    "value": 115.5111915167447,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s9-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s9",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s9-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s9",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s9",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s9",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s9",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s9",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s9-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 13.274704962867917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s9",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 13.885759981197953,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 9.264411142003324,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s9-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 19.433651238437037,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s9",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 24.299250578795807,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 10.178086291444759,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG − Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s9",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG",
    "value": 12.427963685296769,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.2498773938520102,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.9–3.5%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€3.3bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2.9bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 13.329543759739948,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax",
    "value": 20.960036422774003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.761051857659381,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 20.367867296417746,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
    "value": 16.021504911288538,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s10-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1960,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s10-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.220643684494314,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0838), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, people",
    "value": 221681,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-10",
        "dna-2023-edge-8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-edge-8",
    "label": "Rank above which people hold 8% of income",
    "value": 99.40358033836578,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rank in Insee's ranking by living standard above which people hold this share of extended primary income: linear between Insee's twentieths below P95, on the generalized Pareto tail above.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of primary income above the rank = 8%, on Insee's curve (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490 above P95)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s10-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income",
    "value": 3.499206032342739,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0562), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.67: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-financial-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-financial-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, people",
    "value": 221681,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-10",
        "dna-2023-edge-8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s10-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,950",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,960",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,760",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,320",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,950",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, people",
    "value": 221681,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-10",
        "dna-2023-edge-8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s10-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 670,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s10-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s10-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.6064930006530012,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0751), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, people",
    "value": 221681,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-10",
        "dna-2023-edge-8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s10-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 2850,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s10-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 7.575380242027062,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0838), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s10-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 690,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s10-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 1.8294034885958408,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.94: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-retained-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-retained-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s10-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 2830,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,830",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,850",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,550",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€690",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,830",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s10-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 7.533996399285613,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s10-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2450,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, transfers received",
    "value": 6.528671764846148,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care + Top 0.6–0.9%, Education + Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-health-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-education-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-culture-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2508069267235269,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8754097653732357,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 2.4007008502722393,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.14005793729997285,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.5747231538438218,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care",
    "value": 0.606611760336981,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Education",
    "value": 0.38710756310073224,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.6–0.9%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.15901469173082058,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.13423032673011484,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 1.0000087894347038,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s10-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s10-wid",
        "dna-2023-people-s10-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, transfers received",
    "value": 6.22588758507511,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care + Top 0.6–0.9%, Education + Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s10-wid",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s10-wid",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s10-wid",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-wid",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s10-wid",
        "dna-2023-health-s10-wid",
        "dna-2023-education-s10-wid",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s10-wid",
        "dna-2023-culture-s10-wid",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s10-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2489240906537686,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8015504898097413,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 2.1946569895692867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.15168113319084042,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.5066750655983107,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care",
    "value": 0.6105621987591731,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Education",
    "value": 0.3796237241366477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.6–0.9%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.16204988132926673,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.13423032673011484,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 1.0359336852979593,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s10-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s10",
        "dna-2023-people-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,380",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,390",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,340",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,450",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,380",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, transfers received",
    "value": 6.3416248846850305,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care + Top 0.6–0.9%, Education + Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s10",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s10",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s10",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s10",
        "dna-2023-health-s10",
        "dna-2023-education-s10",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s10",
        "dna-2023-culture-s10",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2763496015570502,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8898622785163798,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 2.1946569895692867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.15168113319084042,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.5066750655983107,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care",
    "value": 0.6105621987591731,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Education",
    "value": 0.3796237241366477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.6–0.9%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.16204988132926673,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.13423032673011484,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 1.0359336852979593,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s10-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 8730,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2023-people-s10-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.22913767340441,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s10-pareto-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s10-pareto-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s10-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s10-pareto-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.6695244426734455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7924067449026233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7904885183573134,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0838), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Taxes on products",
    "value": 318.6000000000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products + Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products + Top 29–39%, Taxes on products + Top 20–29%, Taxes on products + Top 13–20%, Taxes on products + Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 73.41393053016459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V1: -8.2; row 18, V2: -11.1; row 18, V3: -10; row 18, V4: -11.1; row 18, V5: -11.6; row 18, V6: -12.7; row 18, V7: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.8392852093198,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V7: -13.2; row 18, V8: -13.8; row 18, V9: -14; row 18, V10: -14.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products",
    "value": 39.536926681675354,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V10: -14.6; row 18, V11: -15.5; row 18, V12: -16.5; row 18, V13: -16.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 34.821531325654185,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V13: -16.7; row 18, V14: -17.5; row 18, V15: -18.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 31.357515855632563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V15: -18.1; row 18, V16: -19.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27.7766285793717,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V16: -19.4; row 18, V17: -19.7; row 18, V18: -21.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.151354137155238,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V18: -21.7; row 18, V19: -19.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 16.958829473019765,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, below P95",
    "value": 11.402827681026576,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V19: -19.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, above P95",
    "value": 5.556001791993189,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 13.948516194466476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4189), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7858400168406376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0837), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7762157158475635,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0834), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7560456415644436,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0828), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.686892120930373,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0807), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8630600122363088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8603256789048757,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0838), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Taxes on production",
    "value": 127.89999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on production + Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production + Top 29–39%, Taxes on production + Top 20–29%, Taxes on production + Top 13–20%, Taxes on production + Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 15.174570383912265,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V1: -0.9; row 20, V2: -1.3; row 20, V3: -1.8; row 20, V4: -2.3; row 20, V5: -2.9; row 20, V6: -3.4; row 20, V7: -3.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.46114196344187,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V7: -3.9; row 20, V8: -4.3; row 20, V9: -4.8; row 20, V10: -5.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.165722037183006,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V10: -5.1; row 20, V11: -5.5; row 20, V12: -5.8; row 20, V13: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.129627637552913,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V13: -6.7; row 20, V14: -7; row 20, V15: -7.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.811980791365603,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V15: -7.9; row 20, V16: -8.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.328570089770153,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V16: -8.6; row 20, V17: -9.3; row 20, V18: -11"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.064702403831939,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V18: -11; row 20, V19: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 11.267685887604378,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, below P95",
    "value": 7.563684692942251,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V19: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, above P95",
    "value": 3.7040011946621263,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 9.299010796310984,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4189), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8572266778937587,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0837), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.850810477231709,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0834), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8373637610429625,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0828), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.7912614139535823,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0807), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s10-pareto-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.9080798508527224,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.886545014762277,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.810031259871165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0838), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Corporate tax",
    "value": 78.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax + Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax + Top 29–39%, Corporate tax + Top 20–29%, Corporate tax + Top 13–20%, Corporate tax + Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.298043875685559,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V1: -0.4; row 22, V2: -0.3; row 22, V3: -0.3; row 22, V4: -0.3; row 22, V5: -0.3; row 22, V6: -0.5; row 22, V7: -0.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.2184825829304518,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V7: -0.3; row 22, V8: -0.4; row 22, V9: -0.4; row 22, V10: -0.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.6985701843137975,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V10: -0.4; row 22, V11: -0.6; row 22, V12: -0.8; row 22, V13: -0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.6237988540965296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V13: -0.8; row 22, V14: -0.7; row 22, V15: -1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.4707757567962925,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V15: -1.2; row 22, V16: -1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.9345281596671065,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V16: -1.7; row 22, V17: -2; row 22, V18: -2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.616657598425938,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V18: -2.6; row 22, V19: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 13.416155085994507,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, below P95",
    "value": 3.839142988084325,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V19: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, above P95",
    "value": 9.577012097910183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 24.04338827514642,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4189), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.802018527527106,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0837), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.785428891581086,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0834), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.7506612560300026,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0828), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.631459691934038,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0807), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.0467987959546527,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG − Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s10-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG",
    "value": 2.4992459661709914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG",
    "value": 2.455294702338417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0838), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, CSG",
    "value": 147.20000000000002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, CSG + Bottom 33–49%, CSG + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG + Top 29–39%, CSG + Top 20–29%, CSG + Top 13–20%, CSG + Top 7.9–13%, CSG + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG + Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG + Top 0.04%, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, CSG",
    "value": 14.438628884826343,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V1: -0.5; row 23, V2: -0.9; row 23, V3: -1.5; row 23, V4: -2.2; row 23, V5: -2.8; row 23, V6: -3.7; row 23, V7: -4.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG",
    "value": 16.25100476510581,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V7: -4.3; row 23, V8: -4.9; row 23, V9: -5.3; row 23, V10: -5.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG",
    "value": 16.253784457901023,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V10: -5.8; row 23, V11: -6.2; row 23, V12: -6.8; row 23, V13: -7.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, CSG",
    "value": 16.170056828445492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V13: -7.6; row 23, V14: -8.1; row 23, V15: -8.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, CSG",
    "value": 15.66580640928708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V15: -8.9; row 23, V16: -9.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, CSG",
    "value": 15.279369680827214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V16: -9.8; row 23, V17: -10.7; row 23, V18: -12.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG",
    "value": 15.017050165174407,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V18: -12.5; row 23, V19: -15.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG",
    "value": 13.712912997783993,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, below P95",
    "value": 8.824298808432628,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V19: -15.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, above P95",
    "value": 4.888614189351365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG",
    "value": 12.273018753689723,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4189), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG",
    "value": 2.451204579382303,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0837), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG",
    "value": 2.4427363505805895,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0834), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG",
    "value": 2.4249891080431896,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0828), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG",
    "value": 2.3641423166144127,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0807), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.45244717021633846,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.6–0.9%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s10-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€658m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€581m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.680552447368555,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Net financial income",
    "value": 133.89999999999998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Net financial income + Bottom 33–49%, Net financial income + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Net financial income + Top 29–39%, Net financial income + Top 20–29%, Net financial income + Top 13–20%, Net financial income + Top 7.9–13%, Net financial income + Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income + Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income + Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income + Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income + Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income + Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income + Top 0.04%, Net financial income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Net financial income",
    "value": 8.254277879341872,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V1: 1; row 8, V2: 0.9; row 8, V3: 1; row 8, V4: 1.1; row 8, V5: 1.3; row 8, V6: 1.7; row 8, V7: 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Net financial income",
    "value": 6.407486028392183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V7: 1.9; row 8, V8: 1.9; row 8, V9: 2.2; row 8, V10: 2.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Net financial income",
    "value": 7.2523968247176285,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V10: 2.1; row 8, V11: 2.6; row 8, V12: 3.3; row 8, V13: 3.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Net financial income",
    "value": 7.969662547072527,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V13: 3.4; row 8, V14: 4.1; row 8, V15: 4.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Net financial income",
    "value": 8.818623203656216,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V15: 4.9; row 8, V16: 5.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Net financial income",
    "value": 10.814597505089369,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V16: 5.6; row 8, V17: 7.4; row 8, V18: 9.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Net financial income",
    "value": 13.144055920071178,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V18: 9.6; row 8, V19: 15.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income",
    "value": 19.33346200280544,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, below P95",
    "value": 8.938900091659024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V19: 15.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, above P95",
    "value": 10.394561911146418,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income",
    "value": 26.09587264009794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4189), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.211946938413566,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0837), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.193941114033129,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0834), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.156205509593539,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0828), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.026828202221089,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0807), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7932869157010962,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0838), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 166.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Rents, actual and imputed + Bottom 33–49%, Rents, actual and imputed + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 29–39%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 20–29%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 13–20%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 7.9–13%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 29.0268921389397,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V1: 3.3; row 9, V2: 3.6; row 9, V3: 3.4; row 9, V4: 3.9; row 9, V5: 5; row 9, V6: 5.8; row 9, V7: 6.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 20.691452501494492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V7: 6.1; row 9, V8: 6.2; row 9, V9: 6.8; row 9, V10: 7.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 19.820831351427476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V10: 7.1; row 9, V11: 7.6; row 9, V12: 8.4; row 9, V13: 8.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 18.756711858605623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V13: 8.7; row 9, V14: 9.6; row 9, V15: 9.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 17.140885849838526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V15: 9.9; row 9, V16: 10.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 16.351754158931726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V16: 10.6; row 9, V17: 11.6; row 9, V18: 12.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 15.073676540395827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V18: 12.9; row 9, V19: 14.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 12.108319274500396,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, below P95",
    "value": 8.537795600366634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V19: 14.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, above P95",
    "value": 3.5705236741337614,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 8.963911308155634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4189), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7902995904020915,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0837), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7841146041783142,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0834), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7711524543387116,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0828), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7267114530903902,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0807), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.215033758296994,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.139643627833372,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0838), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Income tax",
    "value": 101.49999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Income tax + Bottom 33–49%, Income tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax + Top 29–39%, Income tax + Top 20–29%, Income tax + Top 13–20%, Income tax + Top 7.9–13%, Income tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax + Top 0.04%, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.9320292504570395,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V1: -2.7; row 24, V2: 0; row 24, V3: 0; row 24, V4: -0.1; row 24, V5: 0; row 24, V6: 0; row 24, V7: -0.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Income tax",
    "value": 1.3218920521209794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V7: -0.2; row 24, V8: -0.2; row 24, V9: -0.5; row 24, V10: -0.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax",
    "value": 3.2569332243802753,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V10: -0.7; row 24, V11: -1.1; row 24, V12: -1.5; row 24, V13: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Income tax",
    "value": 5.062314546958442,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V13: -1.9; row 24, V14: -2.6; row 24, V15: -3.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Income tax",
    "value": 7.271785054523631,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V15: -3.8; row 24, V16: -4.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Income tax",
    "value": 9.804559068040573,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V16: -4.8; row 24, V17: -6.4; row 24, V18: -9.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Income tax",
    "value": 13.339684787020438,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V18: -9.7; row 24, V19: -15.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 17.353038909125157,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, below P95",
    "value": 9.110802016498623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V19: -15.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, above P95",
    "value": 8.242236892626535,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax",
    "value": 20.692393393592912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4189), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.132747652610436,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0837), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.118470161047137,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0834), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.0885481889874935,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0828), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Income tax",
    "value": 3.985960083302116,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0807), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.756342223218418,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7374263952415724,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0838), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 24.099999999999994,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.830073126142598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V1: -0.2; row 25, V2: -0.2; row 25, V3: -0.2; row 25, V4: -0.2; row 25, V5: -0.3; row 25, V6: -0.4; row 25, V7: -0.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.7447165617814178,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V7: -0.5; row 25, V8: -0.5; row 25, V9: -0.6; row 25, V10: -0.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.8403069550057922,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V10: -0.6; row 25, V11: -0.7; row 25, V12: -0.8; row 25, V13: -0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.7673162712588069,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V13: -0.8; row 25, V14: -0.9; row 25, V15: -1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.8538256179214772,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V15: -1; row 25, V16: -1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.0806764239016386,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V16: -1.2; row 25, V17: -1.4; row 25, V18: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.5213664372055016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V18: -1.9; row 25, V19: -2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.1299713325947818,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, below P95",
    "value": 1.6617186067827674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V19: -2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, above P95",
    "value": 1.4682527258120144,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.6860943697088593,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4189), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7361979624083369,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0837), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7336546035873442,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0834), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7283243737467601,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0828), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7100495694951138,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0807), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.095949382303217,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.801651414470692,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0838), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Pension contributions",
    "value": 328.70000000000005,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Pension contributions + Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions + Top 29–39%, Pension contributions + Top 20–29%, Pension contributions + Top 13–20%, Pension contributions + Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 34.53936014625233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V1: -1.4; row 26, V2: -2.5; row 26, V3: -4.2; row 26, V4: -5.6; row 26, V5: -6.9; row 26, V6: -7.8; row 26, V7: -9.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.268618144114015,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V7: -9.3; row 26, V8: -10.9; row 26, V9: -12; row 26, V10: -12.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.79726077372321,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V10: -12.9; row 26, V11: -13.8; row 26, V12: -14.6; row 26, V13: -17.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.71246696819591,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V13: -17.5; row 26, V14: -18.1; row 26, V15: -20.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.46551262214879,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V15: -20.6; row 26, V16: -22.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.86013618427543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V16: -22.9; row 26, V17: -25; row 26, V18: -29.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.300316105378315,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V18: -29.7; row 26, V19: -35.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 30.01665646375614,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, below P95",
    "value": 20.456329055912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V19: -35.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, above P95",
    "value": 9.560327407844138,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 24.001500839127,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4189), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.793652641590647,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0837), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.777091907449411,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0834), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.742384842691971,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0828), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.623390946826138,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0807), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.2219020376523124,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.7793102756130583,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0838), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Other contributions",
    "value": 214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Other contributions + Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions + Top 29–39%, Other contributions + Top 20–29%, Other contributions + Top 13–20%, Other contributions + Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions + Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other contributions",
    "value": 17.86870201096894,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V1: -0.5; row 29, V2: -0.8; row 29, V3: -1.3; row 29, V4: -1.7; row 29, V5: -2.1; row 29, V6: -2.4; row 29, V7: -2.8; row 27, V1: -0.1; row 27, V2: -0.2; row 27, V3: -0.4; row 27, V4: -0.5; row 27, V5: -0.7; row 27, V6: -0.8; row 27, V7: -0.9; row 28, V1: -0.1; row 28, V2: -0.3; row 28, V3: -0.5; row 28, V4: -0.6; row 28, V5: -0.8; row 28, V6: -0.9; row 28, V7: -1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions",
    "value": 20.24530070273526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V7: -2.8; row 29, V8: -3.6; row 29, V9: -4.1; row 29, V10: -4.8; row 27, V7: -0.9; row 27, V8: -1.1; row 27, V9: -1.2; row 27, V10: -1.3; row 28, V7: -1.1; row 28, V8: -1.3; row 28, V9: -1.3; row 28, V10: -1.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions",
    "value": 21.20914072474953,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V10: -4.8; row 29, V11: -5.1; row 29, V12: -5.6; row 29, V13: -6.7; row 27, V10: -1.3; row 27, V11: -1.4; row 27, V12: -1.5; row 27, V13: -1.9; row 28, V10: -1.5; row 28, V11: -1.6; row 28, V12: -1.6; row 28, V13: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other contributions",
    "value": 22.291741863160535,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V13: -6.7; row 29, V14: -7.1; row 29, V15: -8.4; row 27, V13: -1.9; row 27, V14: -1.9; row 27, V15: -2.2; row 28, V13: -1.9; row 28, V14: -2; row 28, V15: -2.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other contributions",
    "value": 23.198723261076868,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V15: -8.4; row 29, V16: -9.8; row 27, V15: -2.2; row 27, V16: -2.5; row 28, V15: -2.2; row 28, V16: -2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other contributions",
    "value": 24.10751753701562,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V16: -9.8; row 29, V17: -11.3; row 29, V18: -14.3; row 27, V16: -2.5; row 27, V17: -2.6; row 27, V18: -3.2; row 28, V16: -2.5; row 28, V17: -2.7; row 28, V18: -3.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions",
    "value": 25.08070708086154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V18: -14.3; row 29, V19: -18.2; row 27, V18: -3.2; row 27, V19: -3.7; row 28, V18: -3.2; row 28, V19: -4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 22.42296203921828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, below P95",
    "value": 14.898166819431708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V19: -18.2; row 27, V19: -3.7; row 28, V19: -4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, above P95",
    "value": 7.524795219786573,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
    "value": 18.891233644757904,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4189), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.773014557342726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0837), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.759979843385139,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0834), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.732662415452145,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0828), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.639004043662458,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0807), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s10-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 7220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, levies paid",
    "value": 19.211193396385458,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s10-insee-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s10-insee-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s10-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.5448363271936625,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.6619790443320106,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.7784225661431607,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s10-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.9437750561030517,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.1800678265187148,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.000774134398439,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG − Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s10-insee",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG",
    "value": 2.4507496131692217,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.44997547877078303,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.6–0.9%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€654m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€578m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.665908751950247,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 3.8363592096989647,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.6983141686033809,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 3.859020971808354,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.099715483665657,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s10-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 8680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s10",
        "dna-2023-people-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€8,680",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€8,730",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€7,820",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€7,220",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€7,900",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.10223830336851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s10-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s10",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s10-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s10",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s10",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s10",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s10",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s10",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s10-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.654940992575832,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s10",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7771519962419426,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.852882228402234,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s10-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.8867302476906986,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s10",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.859850115763277,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.0356172582906753,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG − Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s10",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG",
    "value": 2.4855927370614586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.44997547877078303,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.6–0.9%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€654m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€578m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.665908751950247,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.192007284558351,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7522103715325134,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.073573459287,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.204300982260422,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s11-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 2480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s11-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, people",
    "value": 175047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-8",
        "dna-2023-edge-6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-edge-6",
    "label": "Rank above which people hold 6% of income",
    "value": 99.65949713533881,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rank in Insee's ranking by living standard above which people hold this share of extended primary income: linear between Insee's twentieths below P95, on the generalized Pareto tail above.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of primary income above the rank = 6%, on Insee's curve (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490 above P95)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s11-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income",
    "value": 4.10510298070712,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0659), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.67: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-financial-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-financial-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, people",
    "value": 175047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-8",
        "dna-2023-edge-6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s11-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 2470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,470",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,480",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,270",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,950",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,470",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, people",
    "value": 175047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-8",
        "dna-2023-edge-6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s11-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 850,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s11-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.4255156115886183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0666), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.44: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-rents-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-rents-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s11-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 3600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s11-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 7.56276088655837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0837), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s11-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1090,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s11-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 2.2882441436521375,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0253), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.94: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-retained-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-retained-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s11-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 3590,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€3,590",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,600",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,290",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,090",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,590",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s11-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 7.533996399269308,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s11-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2590,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, transfers received",
    "value": 5.431912200768663,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care + Top 0.3–0.6%, Education + Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-health-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-education-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-culture-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.21842646620827197,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8270300212074109,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.9988328587094695,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.1060429220985409,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.4902476706067793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care",
    "value": 0.4772977148681113,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Education",
    "value": 0.30902565872699816,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.3–0.6%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.12427632497237355,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.10599305980232104,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.7747395035683855,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s11-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2450,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s11-wid",
        "dna-2023-people-s11-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, transfers received",
    "value": 5.155762693591794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care + Top 0.3–0.6%, Education + Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s11-wid",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s11-wid",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s11-wid",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-wid",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s11-wid",
        "dna-2023-health-s11-wid",
        "dna-2023-education-s11-wid",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s11-wid",
        "dna-2023-culture-s11-wid",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s11-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2533309411725835,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8157408125808207,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.7329795375429928,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.11977283981067469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.4000887268663563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care",
    "value": 0.4821217173689456,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Education",
    "value": 0.29976445021770304,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.3–0.6%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.12796037364362975,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.10599305980232104,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.8180102345857669,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, people",
    "value": 175047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-8",
        "dna-2023-edge-6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s11-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s11",
        "dna-2023-people-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,500",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,500",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,450",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,590",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,500",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, transfers received",
    "value": 5.252902819909296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care + Top 0.3–0.6%, Education + Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s11",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s11",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s11",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s11",
        "dna-2023-health-s11",
        "dna-2023-education-s11",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s11",
        "dna-2023-culture-s11",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2763496015564521,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8898622785144543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.7329795375429928,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.11977283981067469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.4000887268663563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care",
    "value": 0.4821217173689456,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Education",
    "value": 0.29976445021770304,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.3–0.6%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.12796037364362975,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.10599305980232104,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.8180102345857669,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s11-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 11040,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2023-people-s11-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.190441695622912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s11-pareto-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s11-pareto-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s11-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s11-pareto-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.6650774476978576,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.787755047931479,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8599564562691133,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s11-pareto-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.901569623344361,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.878404822905908,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.0433891609589407,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG − Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s11-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG",
    "value": 2.495082627534096,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.45169346657515513,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.3–0.6%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s11-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€657m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€580m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.6760870815248508,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.208012195337897,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7550822796821424,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.089126194610235,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.216534871147208,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s11-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 8930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, levies paid",
    "value": 18.751100009312317,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s11-insee-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s11-insee-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s11-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.3262882320880665,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.4333708453947818,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.6280313375028654,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s11-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.1804873875638926,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.4760457766571546,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 1.873939028714569,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG − Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s11-insee",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG",
    "value": 2.3239145074843783,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.44997547876980937,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.3–0.6%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€654m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€578m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.665908751944478,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.186780107842845,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.756949587027163,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 3.485921681458819,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
    "value": 2.862727168344289,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s11-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 11000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s11",
        "dna-2023-people-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€11,000",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€11,040",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€10,080",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€8,930",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€9,490",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.102238303318515,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s11-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s11-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s11",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s11",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s11",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s11",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s11-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.654940992570086,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7771519962359323,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8528822283982243,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s11-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.8867302476822876,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.85985011575276,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.0356172582862704,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG − Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG",
    "value": 2.4855927370560797,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.44997547876980937,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.3–0.6%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€654m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€578m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.665908751944478,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.1920072845492795,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7522103715308857,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.073573459278185,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.204300982253487,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s12-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 3400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, people",
    "value": 127358,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-6",
        "dna-2023-edge-4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-edge-4",
    "label": "Rank above which people hold 4% of income",
    "value": 99.84569260363874,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rank in Insee's ranking by living standard above which people hold this share of extended primary income: linear between Insee's twentieths below P95, on the generalized Pareto tail above.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of primary income above the rank = 4%, on Insee's curve (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490 above P95)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v1",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v2",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v3",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v4",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v5",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v6",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v7",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v8",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v9",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v10",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v11",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v12",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v13",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v14",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v15",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v16",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v17",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v18",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s12-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 3260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s12-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income",
    "value": 4.9749593215210535,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0799), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, people",
    "value": 127358,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-6",
        "dna-2023-edge-4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s12-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s12-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.190813865416243,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0556), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.44: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-rents-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-rents-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, people",
    "value": 127358,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-6",
        "dna-2023-edge-4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s12-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 4930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s12-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 7.533996399300815,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s12-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 2030,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s12-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 3.100861548699805,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0343), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.94: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-retained-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-retained-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s12-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2790,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, transfers received",
    "value": 4.266703536111708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care + Top 0.2–0.3%, Education + Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-health-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-education-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-culture-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.18126631587658745,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.76588627141929,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.56146672726798,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.07292811569498175,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.39564812342634076,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care",
    "value": 0.3456079586922232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Education",
    "value": 0.22814806291225898,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.2–0.3%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.08917813883542963,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.07711657710577847,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.5494572448808375,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s12-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s12-wid",
        "dna-2023-people-s12-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, transfers received",
    "value": 4.090757365839231,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care + Top 0.2–0.3%, Education + Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s12-wid",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s12-wid",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s12-wid",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-wid",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s12-wid",
        "dna-2023-health-s12-wid",
        "dna-2023-education-s12-wid",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s12-wid",
        "dna-2023-culture-s12-wid",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s12-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.26479108080494856,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8526431489978571,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.2608509498538323,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.08714222849745196,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.29108956012860077,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care",
    "value": 0.35077368896787403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Education",
    "value": 0.21809737714807037,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.2–0.3%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.09309917120023654,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.07711657710577847,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.5951535831345806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s12-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2710,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s12",
        "dna-2023-people-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,710",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,710",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,680",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,790",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,710",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, transfers received",
    "value": 4.139535016112209,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care + Top 0.2–0.3%, Education + Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s12",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s12",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s12",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s12",
        "dna-2023-health-s12",
        "dna-2023-education-s12",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s12",
        "dna-2023-culture-s12",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2763496015576078,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8898622785181755,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.2608509498538323,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.08714222849745196,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.29108956012860077,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care",
    "value": 0.35077368896787403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Education",
    "value": 0.21809737714807037,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.2–0.3%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.09309917120023654,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.07711657710577847,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.5951535831345806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s12-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 15120,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s12",
        "dna-2023-people-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.102238303415128,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s12-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s12",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s12-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s12",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s12",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s12",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s12",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s12",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s12-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.654940992581189,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s12",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.777151996247546,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.852882228405973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s12-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.886730247698542,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s12",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.859850115773084,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.0356172582947836,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG − Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s12",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG",
    "value": 2.4855927370664745,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.44997547877169114,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.2–0.3%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€654m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€578m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.6659087519556266,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.1920072845668095,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7522103715340311,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.07357345929522,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.2043009822668873,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s12-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 12060,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, levies paid",
    "value": 18.435569971489425,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s12-insee-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s12-insee-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s12-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.060677203140324,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.155533333627548,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.4449425003055827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s12-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.5997103975887803,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.0002295671351735,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 1.7129322194735834,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG − Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s12-insee",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG",
    "value": 2.1629076982452746,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.44997547877169114,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.2–0.3%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€654m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€578m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.6659087519556266,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.713037515149651,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.8442925199633327,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 3.0388237609749793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
    "value": 2.5711783761214995,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s13-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 7610,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s13-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income",
    "value": 7.152755736090163,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1148), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.67: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-financial-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-financial-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s13-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, people",
    "value": 78339,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-4",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s13-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 5480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s13-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, people",
    "value": 78339,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-4",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s13-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 5520,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€5,520",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,480",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,860",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€7,610",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,520",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, people",
    "value": 78339,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-4",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s13-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 2010,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.8925427739791232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0884), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, people",
    "value": 78339,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-4",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s13-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 960,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s13-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 0.9031631634689022,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0422), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.44: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-rents-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-rents-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s13-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1900,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,900",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,880",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,010",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€960",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,900",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s13-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 8500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 7.994666671388446,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0884), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s13-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 5310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s13-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s13-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 4.995912373719981,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0553), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.94: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-retained-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-retained-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s13-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 8010,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€8,010",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€7,960",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€8,500",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,310",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€8,010",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s13-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 7.5339963992875685,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s13-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, received a month per person",
    "value": 3260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-people-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, transfers received",
    "value": 3.0664337766962952,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care + Top 0.04–0.2%, Education + Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-health-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-education-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-culture-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.29324714694967435,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.9442733873426408,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.7755588253886512,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.05360183484262603,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.1790513600060406,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care",
    "value": 0.21576351290745832,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Education",
    "value": 0.13415332372229405,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.04–0.2%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.05726599473877768,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.047434981878773506,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.36608340891935864,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s13-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, received a month per person",
    "value": 3180,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2023-people-s13-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, transfers received",
    "value": 2.987057492426917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care + Top 0.04–0.2%, Education + Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2023-health-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2023-education-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2023-culture-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s13-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.27443786803070164,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.19863392011275272,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0828), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 31.999999999999996,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products + Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products + Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products + Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products + Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 9.656234003656314,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V1: 1.4; row 19, V2: 1.4; row 19, V3: 1.4; row 19, V4: 1.4; row 19, V5: 1.5; row 19, V6: 1.5; row 19, V7: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.730740216153726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V7: 1.6; row 19, V8: 1.5; row 19, V9: 1.5; row 19, V10: 1.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.8432190660495764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V10: 1.5; row 19, V11: 1.5; row 19, V12: 1.6; row 19, V13: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.249908668261029,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V13: 1.6; row 19, V14: 1.6; row 19, V15: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.8295692997019852,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V15: 1.7; row 19, V16: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.3747744939779567,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V16: 1.7; row 19, V17: 1.7; row 19, V18: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.941443344775032,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V18: 1.8; row 19, V19: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.3745434690094758,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, below P95",
    "value": 0.9741109074243809,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 19 “Subventions sur les produits (transports, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 19, V19: 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products, above P95",
    "value": 0.40043256158509477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.0052984644660523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4189), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2011162896113379,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0838), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.20078126247500094,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0837), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.20008761916018478,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0834), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.19364988258957647,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on products × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0807), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8837063819922392,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.637283827028415,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0828), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 38.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production + Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production + Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production + Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production + Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.026160877513716,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V1: 0.2; row 21, V2: 0.3; row 21, V3: 0.5; row 21, V4: 0.6; row 21, V5: 0.8; row 21, V6: 0.9; row 21, V7: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.9816817276423215,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V7: 1.1; row 21, V8: 1.2; row 21, V9: 1.3; row 21, V10: 1.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.103011921802257,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V10: 1.4; row 21, V11: 1.6; row 21, V12: 1.7; row 21, V13: 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.038695175675519,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V13: 1.9; row 21, V14: 2; row 21, V15: 2.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.017613905928878,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V15: 2.3; row 21, V16: 2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.004320262405051,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V16: 2.5; row 21, V17: 2.8; row 21, V18: 3.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.979189822891103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V18: 3.3; row 21, V19: 4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.634047441226666,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, below P95",
    "value": 2.349326306141154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 21 “Subventions sur la production (aides à l'apprentissage, aides sectorielles, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 21, V19: 4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production, above P95",
    "value": 1.2847211350855123,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1668), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 3.2253325734952516,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4189), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.6452480958363759,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0838), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.6441732171072947,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0837), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.6419477781389262,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0834), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.6212933733082245,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Subsidies on production × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0807), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.7755588253886493,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.8337800132251739,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Pensions",
    "value": 397.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Pensions + Bottom 33–49%, Pensions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions + Top 29–39%, Pensions + Top 20–29%, Pensions + Top 13–20%, Pensions + Top 7.9–13%, Pensions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions + Top 0.04%, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Pensions",
    "value": 79.77872029250464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V1: 2.4; row 31, V2: 8.2; row 31, V3: 10.5; row 31, V4: 12.2; row 31, V5: 15.3; row 31, V6: 18.9; row 31, V7: 18.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Pensions",
    "value": 58.82673425294988,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V7: 18.6; row 31, V8: 17.7; row 31, V9: 18.9; row 31, V10: 20.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions",
    "value": 53.4139452510867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V10: 20.1; row 31, V11: 20.2; row 31, V12: 23.4; row 31, V13: 20.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Pensions",
    "value": 45.604338521215766,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V13: 20.9; row 31, V14: 23.8; row 31, V15: 23.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Pensions",
    "value": 39.96383813484239,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V15: 23.1; row 31, V16: 24.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Pensions",
    "value": 34.77133263830971,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V16: 24.7; row 31, V17: 24.4; row 31, V18: 27.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Pensions",
    "value": 31.736297141904842,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V18: 27.9; row 31, V19: 30.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 28.06799701719479,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, below P95",
    "value": 17.30479376718606,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 31 “Pensions de retraite”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 31, V19: 30.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions, above P95",
    "value": 10.763203250008731,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions",
    "value": 18.93545176082964,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 2.359409852464528,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.8630742819636747,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.3555030092234248,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.289577832284827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pensions × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.05360183484262593,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.05726511079843227,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 45.79999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits + Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits + Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits + Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 18.25036563071299,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V1: 2.5; row 32, V2: 3.3; row 32, V3: 2.9; row 32, V4: 2.8; row 32, V5: 2.9; row 32, V6: 2.2; row 32, V7: 2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 7.332266662367063,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V7: 2.5; row 32, V8: 2.3; row 32, V9: 2.6; row 32, V10: 2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 4.455109314244467,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V10: 2; row 32, V11: 1.6; row 32, V12: 1.9; row 32, V13: 2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.7706016382149863,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V13: 2; row 32, V14: 1.8; row 32, V15: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.8066414639406165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V15: 1.8; row 32, V16: 1.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.5694610383204646,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V16: 1.6; row 32, V17: 1.9; row 32, V18: 1.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.4538356454166457,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V18: 1.8; row 32, V19: 2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.400949599228422,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, below P95",
    "value": 1.6617186067827674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 32 “Allocations chômage”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 32, V19: 2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits, above P95",
    "value": 0.7392309924456546,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 1.3005117967602775,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.16204737997695937,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.12795839848651613,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.0930977341499605,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.019888587382199657,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Unemployment benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.17905136000604027,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.19241077228273243,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 147.59999999999994,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits + Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits + Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits + Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 62.81906764168191,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V1: 0.2; row 33, V2: 0.4; row 33, V3: 0.6; row 33, V4: 0.7; row 33, V5: 0.9; row 33, V6: 1; row 33, V7: 1.2; row 34, V1: 3.2; row 34, V2: 4; row 34, V3: 3.2; row 34, V4: 3; row 34, V5: 2.7; row 34, V6: 2.5; row 34, V7: 1.8; row 35, V1: 5.6; row 35, V2: 4.4; row 35, V3: 4.1; row 35, V4: 4.3; row 35, V5: 2.7; row 35, V6: 1.9; row 35, V7: 2; row 36, V1: 0.5; row 36, V2: 1.7; row 36, V3: 2.1; row 36, V4: 1.5; row 36, V5: 1.3; row 36, V6: 1.3; row 36, V7: 1.3; row 37, V1: 0.4; row 37, V2: 0.4; row 37, V3: 0.8; row 37, V4: 0.8; row 37, V5: 0.9; row 37, V6: 0.9; row 37, V7: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.966224081520235,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V7: 1.2; row 33, V8: 1.4; row 33, V9: 1.5; row 33, V10: 1.6; row 34, V7: 1.8; row 34, V8: 1.9; row 34, V9: 1.7; row 34, V10: 1.7; row 35, V7: 2; row 35, V8: 1.6; row 35, V9: 1.4; row 35, V10: 0.9; row 36, V7: 1.3; row 36, V8: 0.9; row 36, V9: 1.1; row 36, V10: 1.1; row 37, V7: 1; row 37, V8: 1; row 37, V9: 1; row 37, V10: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 14.90104601840517,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V10: 1.6; row 33, V11: 1.7; row 33, V12: 1.8; row 33, V13: 2; row 34, V10: 1.7; row 34, V11: 1.5; row 34, V12: 1.2; row 34, V13: 1; row 35, V10: 0.9; row 35, V11: 0.8; row 35, V12: 0.8; row 35, V13: 0.6; row 36, V10: 1.1; row 36, V11: 1.3; row 36, V12: 0.9; row 36, V13: 1.2; row 37, V10: 1; row 37, V11: 1; row 37, V12: 1; row 37, V13: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.85165716068663,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V13: 2; row 33, V14: 2.1; row 33, V15: 2.4; row 34, V13: 1; row 34, V14: 0.9; row 34, V15: 0.8; row 35, V13: 0.6; row 35, V14: 0.6; row 35, V15: 0.5; row 36, V13: 1.2; row 36, V14: 1.2; row 36, V15: 1; row 37, V13: 1.1; row 37, V14: 1.1; row 37, V15: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.937884302599002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V15: 2.4; row 33, V16: 2.6; row 34, V15: 0.8; row 34, V16: 0.8; row 35, V15: 0.5; row 35, V16: 0.4; row 36, V15: 1; row 36, V16: 1.2; row 37, V15: 1.1; row 37, V16: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 8.137211704197943,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V16: 2.6; row 33, V17: 2.8; row 33, V18: 3.2; row 34, V16: 0.8; row 34, V17: 0.6; row 34, V18: 0.4; row 35, V16: 0.4; row 35, V17: 0.4; row 35, V18: 0.4; row 36, V16: 1.2; row 36, V17: 0.9; row 36, V18: 1.1; row 37, V16: 1.1; row 37, V17: 1.1; row 37, V18: 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.919668027664361,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V18: 3.2; row 33, V19: 3.8; row 34, V18: 0.4; row 34, V19: 0.4; row 35, V18: 0.4; row 35, V19: 0.2; row 36, V18: 1.1; row 36, V19: 0.8; row 37, V18: 1.1; row 37, V19: 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.151057197862127,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, below P95",
    "value": 3.6672410632447283,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 33 “Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP)”; 34 “Famille”; 35 “Exclusion sociale”; 36 “Invalidité”; 37 “Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 33, V19: 3.8; row 34, V19: 0.4; row 35, V19: 0.2; row 36, V19: 0.8; row 37, V19: 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits, above P95",
    "value": 2.483816134617399,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.369719637114532,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.5444791967225834,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.4299402189146941,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.31280838674386724,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.06682565360419083,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other cash benefits × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care",
    "value": 0.21576351290745785,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care",
    "value": 0.180957750123046,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Health care",
    "value": 209.40000000000003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Health care + Bottom 33–49%, Health care + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care + Top 29–39%, Health care + Top 20–29%, Health care + Top 13–20%, Health care + Top 7.9–13%, Health care + Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care + Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care + Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care + Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care + Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care + Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care + Top 0.04%, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Health care",
    "value": 78.8100182815357,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V1: 9.1; row 40, V2: 8.4; row 40, V3: 14.1; row 40, V4: 14.1; row 40, V5: 11.8; row 40, V6: 12.2; row 40, V7: 13.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Health care",
    "value": 35.76574833990255,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V7: 13.8; row 40, V8: 13.6; row 40, V9: 9.8; row 40, V10: 9.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care",
    "value": 26.12803805811415,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V10: 9.7; row 40, V11: 10.5; row 40, V12: 10.7; row 40, V13: 10.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Health care",
    "value": 20.89901605111879,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V13: 10.8; row 40, V14: 10.8; row 40, V15: 7.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Health care",
    "value": 12.982729728044403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V15: 7.8; row 40, V16: 7.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Health care",
    "value": 12.566555113131914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V16: 7.8; row 40, V17: 9.1; row 40, V18: 9.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Health care",
    "value": 9.76384309909658,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V18: 9.4; row 40, V19: 8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care",
    "value": 6.920021265184179,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, below P95",
    "value": 4.58405132905591,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 40 “Santé”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 40, V19: 8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care, above P95",
    "value": 2.3359699361282686,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care",
    "value": 4.109617277762477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care",
    "value": 0.5120697207271916,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care",
    "value": 0.40434853921739095,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care",
    "value": 0.2941888399138752,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-health-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Health care",
    "value": 0.06284793612775091,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Health care × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Education",
    "value": 0.13415332372229377,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.04–0.2%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Education",
    "value": 0.12140203489267642,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Education",
    "value": 128.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Education + Bottom 33–49%, Education + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education + Top 29–39%, Education + Top 20–29%, Education + Top 13–20%, Education + Top 7.9–13%, Education + Top 3.5–7.9%, Education + Top 0.9–3.5%, Education + Top 0.6–0.9%, Education + Top 0.3–0.6%, Education + Top 0.2–0.3%, Education + Top 0.04–0.2%, Education + Top 0.04%, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Education",
    "value": 52.95892138939675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V1: 9.8; row 41, V2: 8.9; row 41, V3: 7.7; row 41, V4: 7.5; row 41, V5: 7.7; row 41, V6: 7.2; row 41, V7: 6.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Education",
    "value": 19.72637033380543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V7: 6.3; row 41, V8: 6.6; row 41, V9: 6; row 41, V10: 6.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education",
    "value": 14.32038477730649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V10: 6.3; row 41, V11: 5.8; row 41, V12: 5.7; row 41, V13: 5.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Education",
    "value": 11.004077110366445,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V13: 5.6; row 41, V14: 5.3; row 41, V15: 5.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Education",
    "value": 9.013946694935296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V15: 5.7; row 41, V16: 5.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Education",
    "value": 7.299760104746788,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V16: 5.2; row 41, V17: 5.4; row 41, V18: 5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Education",
    "value": 5.554206867169671,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V18: 5; row 41, V19: 5.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education",
    "value": 4.48950242625793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, below P95",
    "value": 2.9223327222731426,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 41 “Enseignement2”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 41, V19: 5.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education, above P95",
    "value": 1.5671697039847876,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Education",
    "value": 2.7570850091317882,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Education",
    "value": 0.3435404455511538,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Education",
    "value": 0.27127180479141416,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Education",
    "value": 0.19736719639791625,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-education-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Education",
    "value": 0.04216380525026327,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Education × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.05726599473877754,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.06184631966230686,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 116.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid + Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid + Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid + Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid + Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid + Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 61.688994515539335,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V1: 4.9; row 42, V2: 6.5; row 42, V3: 7; row 42, V4: 8.8; row 42, V5: 5.7; row 42, V6: 4.7; row 42, V7: 5.3; row 44, V1: 4.4; row 44, V2: 3.2; row 44, V3: 2.6; row 44, V4: 1.9; row 44, V5: 1.1; row 44, V6: 0.6; row 44, V7: 0.5; row 45, V1: 0.8; row 45, V2: 0.9; row 45, V3: 1; row 45, V4: 1.1; row 45, V5: 1; row 45, V6: 1; row 45, V7: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 17.83019137319879,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V7: 5.3; row 42, V8: 4.7; row 42, V9: 4.5; row 42, V10: 3.6; row 44, V7: 0.5; row 44, V8: 0.4; row 44, V9: 0.3; row 44, V10: 0.2; row 45, V7: 1; row 45, V8: 1; row 45, V9: 0.9; row 45, V10: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 11.38318440627714,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V10: 3.6; row 42, V11: 3.7; row 42, V12: 3.4; row 42, V13: 3.1; row 44, V10: 0.2; row 44, V11: 0.2; row 44, V12: 0.2; row 44, V13: 0.1; row 45, V10: 0.9; row 45, V11: 0.9; row 45, V12: 0.9; row 45, V13: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 8.086074904644885,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V13: 3.1; row 42, V14: 3.1; row 42, V15: 2.5; row 44, V13: 0.1; row 44, V14: 0.1; row 44, V15: 0.1; row 45, V13: 0.9; row 45, V14: 0.9; row 45, V15: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 5.446837674957586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V15: 2.5; row 42, V16: 2.1; row 44, V15: 0.1; row 44, V16: 0.1; row 45, V15: 0.9; row 45, V16: 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 4.271262579927718,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V16: 2.1; row 42, V17: 2.1; row 42, V18: 2; row 44, V16: 0.1; row 44, V17: 0.1; row 44, V18: 0.1; row 45, V16: 0.9; row 45, V17: 0.9; row 45, V18: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 3.289036580284976,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V18: 2; row 42, V19: 1.7; row 44, V18: 0.1; row 44, V19: 0.1; row 45, V18: 1; row 45, V19: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 2.4027874370108755,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, below P95",
    "value": 1.6044179651695685,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 42 “Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.)”; 44 “Aides au logement et chèque énergie”; 45 “Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 42, V19: 1.7; row 44, V19: 0.1; row 45, V19: 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid, above P95",
    "value": 0.798369471841307,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 1.4045527405010998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.17501117037511613,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.13819507036543743,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.10054555288195735,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.02147967437277563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Social care and housing aid × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.0474349818787734,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.059555715230369566,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 51.999999999999986,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure + Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure + Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure + Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure + Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure + Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 17.31638025594151,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V1: 2.6; row 43, V2: 2.6; row 43, V3: 2.6; row 43, V4: 2.6; row 43, V5: 2.6; row 43, V6: 2.6; row 43, V7: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 8.141041725062559,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V7: 2.6; row 43, V8: 2.6; row 43, V9: 2.6; row 43, V10: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 6.441642108517808,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V10: 2.6; row 43, V11: 2.6; row 43, V12: 2.6; row 43, V13: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.235209487368522,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V13: 2.6; row 43, V14: 2.6; row 43, V15: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.327576576014801,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V15: 2.6; row 43, V16: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 3.5823492605845377,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V16: 2.6; row 43, V17: 2.6; row 43, V18: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.8659839045670923,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V18: 2.6; row 43, V19: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.2586169140866517,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, below P95",
    "value": 1.4898166819431709,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 43 “Culture et loisirs”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 43, V19: 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure, above P95",
    "value": 0.7688002321434808,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.3525322686306886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.16852927517603775,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.13307673442597678,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.09682164351595893,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-culture-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.020684130877487644,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Culture and leisure × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.36608340891935787,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s13-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.2634195096727885,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0229), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto",
    "label": "All groups, Collective services",
    "value": 239.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Collective services + Bottom 33–49%, Collective services + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Collective services + Top 29–39%, Collective services + Top 20–29%, Collective services + Top 13–20%, Collective services + Top 7.9–13%, Collective services + Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services + Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services + Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services + Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services + Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services + Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services + Top 0.04%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s1-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s2-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s3-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s4-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s5-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s6-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s7-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s12-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s14-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s1-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Collective services",
    "value": 83.3537842778794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V1: 14.6; row 46, V2: 11.9; row 46, V3: 12.2; row 46, V4: 12.4; row 46, V5: 11.8; row 46, V6: 12.4; row 46, V7: 12.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s2-pareto-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Collective services",
    "value": 36.92548302198492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V7: 12.2; row 46, V8: 11.8; row 46, V9: 11.8; row 46, V10: 11.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s3-pareto-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Collective services",
    "value": 28.93963402261791,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V10: 11.6; row 46, V11: 11.6; row 46, V12: 11.8; row 46, V13: 11.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s4-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Collective services",
    "value": 23.47236460784913,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V13: 11.6; row 46, V14: 11.8; row 46, V15: 11.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s5-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Collective services",
    "value": 19.18705975774205,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V15: 11.3; row 46, V16: 11.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s6-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Collective services",
    "value": 15.71797929726385,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V16: 11.7; row 46, V17: 11.2; row 46, V18: 12"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s7-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Collective services",
    "value": 13.355716096239293,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V18: 12; row 46, V19: 12.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-pareto",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 10.448441483673474,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-pareto-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-pareto-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-pareto-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, below P95",
    "value": 7.047978918423462,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 46 “Autres transferts non monétaires”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 46, V19: 12.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services, above P95",
    "value": 3.400462565250011,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.2957), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s9-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
    "value": 5.9823542650972765,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.5202), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s10-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.745417947894013,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0648), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s11-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.5886086330379742,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0512), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s12-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.4282495770898183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0372), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.09148750195811842,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Collective services × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0080), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 0.00: the same per person, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s13-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, received a month per person",
    "value": 3190,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s13",
        "dna-2023-people-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€3,190",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,180",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,260",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,180",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,190",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, transfers received",
    "value": 2.9951251224777127,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care + Top 0.04–0.2%, Education + Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s13",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s13",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s13",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s13",
        "dna-2023-health-s13",
        "dna-2023-education-s13",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s13",
        "dna-2023-culture-s13",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2763496015571219,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8898622785166108,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.7755588253886512,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.05360183484262603,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.1790513600060406,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care",
    "value": 0.21576351290745832,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Education",
    "value": 0.13415332372229405,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.04–0.2%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.05726599473877768,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.047434981878773506,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.36608340891935864,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s13-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 26080,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-people-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, levies paid",
    "value": 24.5148371209637,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s13-wid-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s13-wid-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s13-wid-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.817278791089096,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.946962452469533,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.9449380548366726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0884), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Taxes on products",
    "value": 318.59999999999985,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products + Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products + Top 29–39%, Taxes on products + Top 20–29%, Taxes on products + Top 13–20%, Taxes on products + Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 73.41393053016459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V1: -8.2; row 18, V2: -11.1; row 18, V3: -10; row 18, V4: -11.1; row 18, V5: -11.6; row 18, V6: -12.7; row 18, V7: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.8392852093198,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V7: -13.2; row 18, V8: -13.8; row 18, V9: -14; row 18, V10: -14.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products",
    "value": 39.536926681675354,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V10: -14.6; row 18, V11: -15.5; row 18, V12: -16.5; row 18, V13: -16.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 34.821531325654185,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V13: -16.7; row 18, V14: -17.5; row 18, V15: -18.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 31.357515855632563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V15: -18.1; row 18, V16: -19.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27.7766285793717,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V16: -19.4; row 18, V17: -19.7; row 18, V18: -21.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.151354137155238,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V18: -21.7; row 18, V19: -19.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 16.830881385875802,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, below P95",
    "value": 11.402827681026576,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 18 “Taxes sur les produits (TVA, TICPE, accises, DMTO, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 18, V19: -19.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products, above P95",
    "value": 5.428053704849226,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1630), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 12.757757420571203,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3831), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.499823220642287,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0751), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.544079070800863,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0764), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.659167663028107,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0799), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.466180865271635,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on products × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1341), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.9661777113166536,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.963292036557782,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0884), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Taxes on production",
    "value": 127.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on production + Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production + Top 29–39%, Taxes on production + Top 20–29%, Taxes on production + Top 13–20%, Taxes on production + Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 15.174570383912265,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V1: -0.9; row 20, V2: -1.3; row 20, V3: -1.8; row 20, V4: -2.3; row 20, V5: -2.9; row 20, V6: -3.4; row 20, V7: -3.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.46114196344187,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V7: -3.9; row 20, V8: -4.3; row 20, V9: -4.8; row 20, V10: -5.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.165722037183006,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V10: -5.1; row 20, V11: -5.5; row 20, V12: -5.8; row 20, V13: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.129627637552913,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V13: -6.7; row 20, V14: -7; row 20, V15: -7.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.811980791365603,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V15: -7.9; row 20, V16: -8.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.328570089770153,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V16: -8.6; row 20, V17: -9.3; row 20, V18: -11"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.064702403831939,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V18: -11; row 20, V19: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 11.182387162841735,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, below P95",
    "value": 7.563684692942251,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 20 “Taxes sur la production (taxes patronales, TF, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 20, V19: -13.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production, above P95",
    "value": 3.618702469899484,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1630), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 8.505171613714136,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3831), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.6665488137615247,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0751), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.6960527138672419,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0764), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.772778442018738,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0799), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.97745391018109,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Taxes on production × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1341), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s13-wid-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.124386464378534,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 5.1570082714825904,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 5.076259590018769,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0884), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Corporate tax",
    "value": 78.09999999999998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax + Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax + Top 29–39%, Corporate tax + Top 20–29%, Corporate tax + Top 13–20%, Corporate tax + Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.298043875685559,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V1: -0.4; row 22, V2: -0.3; row 22, V3: -0.3; row 22, V4: -0.3; row 22, V5: -0.3; row 22, V6: -0.5; row 22, V7: -0.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.2184825829304518,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V7: -0.3; row 22, V8: -0.4; row 22, V9: -0.4; row 22, V10: -0.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.6985701843137975,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V10: -0.4; row 22, V11: -0.6; row 22, V12: -0.8; row 22, V13: -0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.6237988540965296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V13: -0.8; row 22, V14: -0.7; row 22, V15: -1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.4707757567962925,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V15: -1.2; row 22, V16: -1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.9345281596671065,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V16: -1.7; row 22, V17: -2; row 22, V18: -2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.616657598425938,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V18: -2.6; row 22, V19: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 13.195607932779387,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, below P95",
    "value": 3.839142988084325,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 22 “Impôt sur les sociétés”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 22, V19: -6.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax, above P95",
    "value": 9.356464944695063,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1630), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 21.990849127350963,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3831), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.309004590536555,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0751), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.385289449368455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0764), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.583670386120521,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0799), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 7.698461911909665,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Corporate tax × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1341), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.16008617313684,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG − Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s13-wid",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG",
    "value": 2.6375756451801173,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG",
    "value": 2.591191741943379,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0884), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, CSG",
    "value": 147.20000000000002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, CSG + Bottom 33–49%, CSG + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG + Top 29–39%, CSG + Top 20–29%, CSG + Top 13–20%, CSG + Top 7.9–13%, CSG + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG + Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG + Top 0.04%, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, CSG",
    "value": 14.438628884826343,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V1: -0.5; row 23, V2: -0.9; row 23, V3: -1.5; row 23, V4: -2.2; row 23, V5: -2.8; row 23, V6: -3.7; row 23, V7: -4.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG",
    "value": 16.25100476510581,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V7: -4.3; row 23, V8: -4.9; row 23, V9: -5.3; row 23, V10: -5.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG",
    "value": 16.253784457901023,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V10: -5.8; row 23, V11: -6.2; row 23, V12: -6.8; row 23, V13: -7.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, CSG",
    "value": 16.170056828445492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V13: -7.6; row 23, V14: -8.1; row 23, V15: -8.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, CSG",
    "value": 15.66580640928708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V15: -8.9; row 23, V16: -9.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, CSG",
    "value": 15.279369680827214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V16: -9.8; row 23, V17: -10.7; row 23, V18: -12.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG",
    "value": 15.017050165174407,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V18: -12.5; row 23, V19: -15.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG",
    "value": 13.600334050236903,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, below P95",
    "value": 8.824298808432628,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 23 “Contribution sociale généralisée (CSG)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 23, V19: -15.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG, above P95",
    "value": 4.776035241804275,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1630), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG",
    "value": 11.225294066748837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3831), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG",
    "value": 2.19954415509967,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0751), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG",
    "value": 2.23848398722118,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0764), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG",
    "value": 2.3397481239256317,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0799), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG",
    "value": 3.9297026832570245,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, CSG × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1341), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.47748947204327735,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.04–0.2%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€695m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€613m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.828917180024184,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income",
    "value": 5.509598823313055,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0884), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Net financial income",
    "value": 133.89999999999998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Net financial income + Bottom 33–49%, Net financial income + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Net financial income + Top 29–39%, Net financial income + Top 20–29%, Net financial income + Top 13–20%, Net financial income + Top 7.9–13%, Net financial income + Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income + Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income + Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income + Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income + Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income + Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income + Top 0.04%, Net financial income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Net financial income",
    "value": 8.254277879341872,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V1: 1; row 8, V2: 0.9; row 8, V3: 1; row 8, V4: 1.1; row 8, V5: 1.3; row 8, V6: 1.7; row 8, V7: 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Net financial income",
    "value": 6.407486028392183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V7: 1.9; row 8, V8: 1.9; row 8, V9: 2.2; row 8, V10: 2.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Net financial income",
    "value": 7.2523968247176285,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V10: 2.1; row 8, V11: 2.6; row 8, V12: 3.3; row 8, V13: 3.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Net financial income",
    "value": 7.969662547072527,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V13: 3.4; row 8, V14: 4.1; row 8, V15: 4.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Net financial income",
    "value": 8.818623203656216,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V15: 4.9; row 8, V16: 5.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Net financial income",
    "value": 10.814597505089369,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V16: 5.6; row 8, V17: 7.4; row 8, V18: 9.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Net financial income",
    "value": 13.144055920071178,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V18: 9.6; row 8, V19: 15.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income",
    "value": 19.094087653584154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, below P95",
    "value": 8.938900091659024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 8 “Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 8, V19: 15.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income, above P95",
    "value": 10.155187561925128,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1630), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income",
    "value": 23.868116735783364,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3831), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income",
    "value": 4.676846445826261,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0751), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income",
    "value": 4.759643426753566,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0764), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Net financial income",
    "value": 8.355647684877564,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1341), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 166.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Rents, actual and imputed + Bottom 33–49%, Rents, actual and imputed + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 29–39%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 20–29%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 13–20%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 7.9–13%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed + Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 29.0268921389397,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V1: 3.3; row 9, V2: 3.6; row 9, V3: 3.4; row 9, V4: 3.9; row 9, V5: 5; row 9, V6: 5.8; row 9, V7: 6.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 20.691452501494492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V7: 6.1; row 9, V8: 6.2; row 9, V9: 6.8; row 9, V10: 7.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 19.820831351427476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V10: 7.1; row 9, V11: 7.6; row 9, V12: 8.4; row 9, V13: 8.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 18.756711858605623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V13: 8.7; row 9, V14: 9.6; row 9, V15: 9.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 17.140885849838526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V15: 9.9; row 9, V16: 10.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 16.351754158931726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V16: 10.6; row 9, V17: 11.6; row 9, V18: 12.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 15.073676540395827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V18: 12.9; row 9, V19: 14.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 12.026094377657127,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, below P95",
    "value": 8.537795600366634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 9 “Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 9, V19: 14.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed, above P95",
    "value": 3.4882987772904936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1630), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.634933697151305,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0764), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 1.7088945341982429,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0799), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 2.8701582737781677,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1341), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.44832983026831,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.368766964232181,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0884), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Income tax",
    "value": 101.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Income tax + Bottom 33–49%, Income tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax + Top 29–39%, Income tax + Top 20–29%, Income tax + Top 13–20%, Income tax + Top 7.9–13%, Income tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax + Top 0.04%, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.9320292504570395,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V1: -2.7; row 24, V2: 0; row 24, V3: 0; row 24, V4: -0.1; row 24, V5: 0; row 24, V6: 0; row 24, V7: -0.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Income tax",
    "value": 1.3218920521209794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V7: -0.2; row 24, V8: -0.2; row 24, V9: -0.5; row 24, V10: -0.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax",
    "value": 3.2569332243802753,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V10: -0.7; row 24, V11: -1.1; row 24, V12: -1.5; row 24, V13: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Income tax",
    "value": 5.062314546958442,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V13: -1.9; row 24, V14: -2.6; row 24, V15: -3.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Income tax",
    "value": 7.271785054523631,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V15: -3.8; row 24, V16: -4.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Income tax",
    "value": 9.804559068040573,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V16: -4.8; row 24, V17: -6.4; row 24, V18: -9.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Income tax",
    "value": 13.339684787020438,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V18: -9.7; row 24, V19: -15.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 17.16323003510378,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, below P95",
    "value": 9.110802016498623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 24 “Impôt sur le revenu (IR)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 24, V19: -15.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax, above P95",
    "value": 8.052428018605159,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1630), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax",
    "value": 18.92592241970623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3831), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 3.708446459451321,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0751), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax",
    "value": 3.7740992822090877,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0764), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax",
    "value": 3.94483130791557,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0799), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Income tax",
    "value": 6.625505547880444,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Income tax × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1341), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7982046802854764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.778241888365247,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0884), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 24.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.830073126142598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V1: -0.2; row 25, V2: -0.2; row 25, V3: -0.2; row 25, V4: -0.2; row 25, V5: -0.3; row 25, V6: -0.4; row 25, V7: -0.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.7447165617814178,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V7: -0.5; row 25, V8: -0.5; row 25, V9: -0.6; row 25, V10: -0.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.8403069550057922,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V10: -0.6; row 25, V11: -0.7; row 25, V12: -0.8; row 25, V13: -0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.7673162712588069,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V13: -0.8; row 25, V14: -0.9; row 25, V15: -1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.8538256179214772,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V15: -1; row 25, V16: -1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.0806764239016386,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V16: -1.2; row 25, V17: -1.4; row 25, V18: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.5213664372055016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V18: -1.9; row 25, V19: -2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.0961592254816623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, below P95",
    "value": 1.6617186067827674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 25 “Autres impôts sur les revenus et le patrimoine (TH, ISF/IFI, CRDS, etc.)”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 25, V19: -2.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth, above P95",
    "value": 1.434440618698895,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1630), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.3714193784092075,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3831), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.6606139441937576,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0751), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.6723091838753031,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0764), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7027229860254458,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0799), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.180252000432144,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other taxes on income and wealth × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1341), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.322654304892203,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 5.067415932196437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0884), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Pension contributions",
    "value": 328.70000000000005,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Pension contributions + Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions + Top 29–39%, Pension contributions + Top 20–29%, Pension contributions + Top 13–20%, Pension contributions + Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 34.53936014625233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V1: -1.4; row 26, V2: -2.5; row 26, V3: -4.2; row 26, V4: -5.6; row 26, V5: -6.9; row 26, V6: -7.8; row 26, V7: -9.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.268618144114015,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V7: -9.3; row 26, V8: -10.9; row 26, V9: -12; row 26, V10: -12.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.79726077372321,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V10: -12.9; row 26, V11: -13.8; row 26, V12: -14.6; row 26, V13: -17.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.71246696819591,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V13: -17.5; row 26, V14: -18.1; row 26, V15: -20.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 36.46551262214879,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V15: -20.6; row 26, V16: -22.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.86013618427543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V16: -22.9; row 26, V17: -25; row 26, V18: -29.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.300316105378315,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V18: -29.7; row 26, V19: -35.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 29.79649353903094,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, below P95",
    "value": 20.456329055912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 26 “Cotisations sociales retraite1”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 26, V19: -35.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions, above P95",
    "value": 9.340164483118938,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1630), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 21.952537543505404,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3831), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.30149761389799,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0751), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.377649572278962,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0764), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.575684897642959,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0799), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 7.6850499573593,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Pension contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1341), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.4002296935533094,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.9884896778718906,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.8457–99.9602 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0884), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid",
    "label": "All groups, Other contributions",
    "value": 213.99999999999997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the groups' amounts, as Insee rounds them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Other contributions + Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions + Top 29–39%, Other contributions + Top 20–29%, Other contributions + Top 13–20%, Other contributions + Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions + Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s1-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s2-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s3-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s4-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s5-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s6-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s7-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s1-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other contributions",
    "value": 17.86870201096894,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns C and D and E and F and G and H and I (1.0000 × V1 + 1.0000 × V2 + 1.0000 × V3 + 1.0000 × V4 + 1.0000 × V5 + 1.0000 × V6 + 0.6601 × V7), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V1: -0.5; row 29, V2: -0.8; row 29, V3: -1.3; row 29, V4: -1.7; row 29, V5: -2.1; row 29, V6: -2.4; row 29, V7: -2.8; row 27, V1: -0.1; row 27, V2: -0.2; row 27, V3: -0.4; row 27, V4: -0.5; row 27, V5: -0.7; row 27, V6: -0.8; row 27, V7: -0.9; row 28, V1: -0.1; row 28, V2: -0.3; row 28, V3: -0.5; row 28, V4: -0.6; row 28, V5: -0.8; row 28, V6: -0.9; row 28, V7: -1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s2-wid-below",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions",
    "value": 20.24530070273526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns I and J and K and L (0.3399 × V7 + 1.0000 × V8 + 1.0000 × V9 + 0.7913 × V10), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V7: -2.8; row 29, V8: -3.6; row 29, V9: -4.1; row 29, V10: -4.8; row 27, V7: -0.9; row 27, V8: -1.1; row 27, V9: -1.2; row 27, V10: -1.3; row 28, V7: -1.1; row 28, V8: -1.3; row 28, V9: -1.3; row 28, V10: -1.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s3-wid-below",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions",
    "value": 21.20914072474953,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns L and M and N and O (0.2087 × V10 + 1.0000 × V11 + 1.0000 × V12 + 0.2689 × V13), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V10: -4.8; row 29, V11: -5.1; row 29, V12: -5.6; row 29, V13: -6.7; row 27, V10: -1.3; row 27, V11: -1.4; row 27, V12: -1.5; row 27, V13: -1.9; row 28, V10: -1.5; row 28, V11: -1.6; row 28, V12: -1.6; row 28, V13: -1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s4-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other contributions",
    "value": 22.291741863160535,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns O and P and Q (0.7311 × V13 + 1.0000 × V14 + 0.2824 × V15), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V13: -6.7; row 29, V14: -7.1; row 29, V15: -8.4; row 27, V13: -1.9; row 27, V14: -1.9; row 27, V15: -2.2; row 28, V13: -1.9; row 28, V14: -2; row 28, V15: -2.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s5-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other contributions",
    "value": 23.198723261076868,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns Q and R (0.7176 × V15 + 0.9469 × V16), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V15: -8.4; row 29, V16: -9.8; row 27, V15: -2.2; row 27, V16: -2.5; row 28, V15: -2.2; row 28, V16: -2.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s6-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other contributions",
    "value": 24.10751753701562,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns R and S and T (0.0531 × V16 + 1.0000 × V17 + 0.3247 × V18), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V16: -9.8; row 29, V17: -11.3; row 29, V18: -14.3; row 27, V16: -2.5; row 27, V17: -2.6; row 27, V18: -3.2; row 28, V16: -2.5; row 28, V17: -2.7; row 28, V18: -3.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s7-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions",
    "value": 25.08070708086154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, columns T and U (0.6753 × V18 + 0.4270 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V18: -14.3; row 29, V19: -18.2; row 27, V18: -3.2; row 27, V19: -3.7; row 28, V18: -3.2; row 28, V19: -4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-wid",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 22.249674990263543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, below P95 + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, above P95",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-wid-below",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-wid-top"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-wid-below",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, below P95",
    "value": 14.898166819431708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, rows 27 “Cotisations sociales chômage1”; 28 “Cotisations sociales famille1”; 29 “Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1”, column U (0.5730 × V19), summed, signs dropped",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "row 29, V19: -18.2; row 27, V19: -3.7; row 28, V19: -4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions, above P95",
    "value": 7.351508170831836,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P95–96.4785 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1630), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
    "value": 17.278524314347187,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P96.4785–99.0795 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.3831), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.3856464639930075,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.0795–99.4036 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0751), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.4455845673609287,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.4036–99.6595 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0764), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s12-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.6014553033804093,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.6595–99.8457 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0799), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-wid-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
    "value": 6.048791502214738,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Other contributions × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.1341), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.642), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-wid",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s13-ipp-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 19310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2023-people-s13-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, levies paid",
    "value": 18.154493954788418,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s13-ipp-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s13-ipp-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s13-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s13-ipp-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.654940992576521,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7771519962426634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.852882228402715,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s13-ipp-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 5.5265562433858815,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.910239015210526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 1.2350237134550404,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG − Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s13-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG",
    "value": 1.6849991922259402,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.44997547877089994,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.04–0.2%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s13-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€654m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€578m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.6659087519509392,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-ipp",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.8417885130436975,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.5099282153176494,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 1.7258405155746093,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
    "value": 1.3575580542614036,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, people",
    "value": 78339,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-4",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s13-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 24580,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s13",
        "dna-2023-people-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€24,580",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€24,410",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€26,080",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€19,930",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€19,310",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.102238303374506,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s13-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s13",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s13-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s13",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s13",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s13",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s13",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s13",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s13-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.654940992576521,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s13",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7771519962426634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.852882228402715,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s13-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.886730247691708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s13",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.859850115764539,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.035617258291204,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG − Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s13",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG",
    "value": 2.4855927370621043,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.44997547877089994,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.04–0.2%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€654m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€578m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.6659087519509392,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.192007284559439,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7522103715327085,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.073573459288057,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.204300982261253,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s14-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 78020,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Net financial income",
    "value": 25.47270062342246,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income households receive, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Net financial income × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.4089), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.67: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-financial-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-financial-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-financial-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s14-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 15400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, people",
    "value": 27208,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-financial-s14-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 15900,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€15,900",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€15,400",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€25,590",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€78,020",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€15,900",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s14-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 8790,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-people-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, people",
    "value": 27208,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s14-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1450,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed",
    "value": 0.4740445025866719,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Rents landlords receive and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Rents, actual and imputed × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0222), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 0.44: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-rents-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-rents-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-rents-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-rents-s14-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 5460,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€5,460",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,290",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€8,790",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,450",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,460",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s14-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 215850,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s14-insee-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 70.47331988072398,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.7796), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.94: the elasticity of the item per person to income per person between Insee's V19 and V20",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi",
        "dna-cell-tc-retained-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v19",
        "dna-cell-tc-retained-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-primary-v20",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s14-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 22340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s14-pareto-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 7.294145577540714,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0807), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.479), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b-pareto",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-capital-retained-s14-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 23080,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-people-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€23,080",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€22,340",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€37,130",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€215,850",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€23,080",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-insee-2023-retained-s14-top",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Profits kept in companies",
    "value": 7.533996399259777,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 5%, Profits kept in companies × ∫ level^e over P99.9602–100 ÷ ∫ level^e over P95–100 (= 0.0833), level on the tail (b = 1.920, shape = 0.490), e = 1.00: in proportion to income, as the top 5%'s structure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-retained-v20",
        "dna-2023-tail-b",
        "dna-2023-tail-xi"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes the top 5% as one group. Its amount is split along the generalized Pareto tail of income: an amount per person that varies as income to the power e between people of the top 5%."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s14-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, received a month per person",
    "value": 7690,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s14-wid",
        "dna-2023-people-s14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, transfers received",
    "value": 2.511971302536889,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04%, Pensions + Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04%, Health care + Top 0.04%, Education + Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s14-wid",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s14-wid",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s14-wid",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-wid",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s14-wid",
        "dna-2023-health-s14-wid",
        "dna-2023-education-s14-wid",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s14-wid",
        "dna-2023-culture-s14-wid",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.44472745168650785,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.4320490467392277,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.2693571924285981,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.04%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.01861630513326427,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.062185833044425314,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Health care",
    "value": 0.07493622941646046,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.04%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Education",
    "value": 0.046592420136143474,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.04%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.019888894381078295,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.016474512472171302,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.1271434170990117,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.04%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s14-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, received a month per person",
    "value": 4420,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-people-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, transfers received",
    "value": 1.4427596056971663,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04%, Pensions + Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04%, Health care + Top 0.04%, Education + Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-health-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-education-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-culture-s14-insee",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.06996316566416656,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.5058858196639558,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.4566740364246786,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.04%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.012240153593834437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.13417373558634982,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Health care",
    "value": 0.07231923113379315,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.04%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Education",
    "value": 0.05194341657775864,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.04%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.017946452283174985,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.016474512472171302,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.10513908229728308,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.04%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-s14-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, received a month per person",
    "value": 5520,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-s14",
        "dna-2023-people-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€5,520",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,400",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€7,690",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€4,420",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,520",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, transfers received",
    "value": 1.8014066841805836,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04%, Pensions + Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04%, Health care + Top 0.04%, Education + Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s14",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s14",
        "dna-2023-pensions-s14",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s14",
        "dna-2023-health-s14",
        "dna-2023-education-s14",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s14",
        "dna-2023-culture-s14",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2763496015561025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8898622785133286,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-pensions-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.2693571924285981,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.04%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.01861630513326427,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_cash-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.062185833044425314,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-health-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Health care",
    "value": 0.07493622941646046,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.04%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-education-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Education",
    "value": 0.046592420136143474,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.04%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.019888894381078295,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-culture-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.016474512472171302,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-collective_and_other-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.1271434170990117,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.04%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-s14-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 68510,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2023-people-s14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, levies paid",
    "value": 22.366760006387267,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.04%, Income tax + Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s14-pareto-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s14-pareto-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s14-pareto-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.5704188153666796,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.688739133651209,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.04%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_production-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.7938942356390661,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.04%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s14-pareto-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.762993070978249,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.705132887077929,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.04%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 1.970811749197864,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, CSG − Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-s14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG",
    "value": 2.4064618974762593,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.04%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4356501482783953,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.04%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "dna-2023-csg-key-s14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€634m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€559m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-key-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.5810374073192874,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2023 × Top 0.04%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2023 × Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2023 + CSG on income from property, 2023) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2023",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2023",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-income_tax-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.058551368378559,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.04%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7282631506718535,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 3.9438879789832333,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.04%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-contrib_others-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.102289488893365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.04%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, levies through companies",
    "value": 87.29553252336605,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products + Bottom 33%, Taxes on production + Bottom 33%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s1-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s1",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s1-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, levies through companies",
    "value": 57.411305161778515,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products + Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production + Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s2-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s2",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s2-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, levies through companies",
    "value": 53.389658319476524,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s3-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s3",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s3-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, levies through companies",
    "value": 48.78177120530064,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products + Top 29–39%, Taxes on production + Top 29–39%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s4-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s4",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s4-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, levies through companies",
    "value": 45.83795891794571,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products + Top 20–29%, Taxes on production + Top 20–29%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s5-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s5",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s5-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, levies through companies",
    "value": 42.30496928338044,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products + Top 13–20%, Taxes on production + Top 13–20%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s6-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s6",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s6-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, levies through companies",
    "value": 38.98264449363601,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products + Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production + Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s7-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s7",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s7-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, levies through companies",
    "value": 38.382820389104815,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s8-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s8",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s8-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, levies through companies",
    "value": 41.97276734330828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s9-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s9",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s9-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, levies through companies",
    "value": 8.394553468668764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s10-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s10",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s10-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, levies through companies",
    "value": 8.394553468650598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s11-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s11-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, levies through companies",
    "value": 8.394553468685704,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s12-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s12",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s12-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, levies through companies",
    "value": 8.394553468670944,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s13-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s13",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s13-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, levies through companies",
    "value": 8.394553468639979,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-s14-resident",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-s14",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-s14-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 18.92428971306559,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s1",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 12.05741927838617,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s2",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 10.999442331768579,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s3",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 10.090522514770605,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products + Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s4",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 9.480537648847221,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products + Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s5",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 8.833747158050626,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products + Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s6",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 8.200197617234217,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products + Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s7",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 6.934804568577313,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s8",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 5.831059400362211,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s9",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 1.16621188007343,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s10",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 1.1662118800709065,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s11",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s11"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 1.1662118800757832,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s12",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s12"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 1.1662118800737327,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s13",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 1.166211880069431,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-s14",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-l-kind-2",
    "label": "Taxes on products and production, 2023",
    "value": 446.907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-l-kind-capital",
    "label": "Taxes on capital, 2023",
    "value": 96.22122397654927,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax + CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 261.0227760234508,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on earnings and benefits + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest",
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 462.828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-subsidies",
    "label": "Subsidies, 2023",
    "value": 97.18307963142578,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4",
    "label": "Cash benefits, 2023",
    "value": 550.2444525936396,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2023-other_cash"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5",
    "label": "Transfers in kind, 2023",
    "value": 540.3350474063604,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2023-culture"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s1-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Bottom 33% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 17.700637652833258,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 33%, Income tax + Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s1",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s1",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s1"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s1-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Bottom 33% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 44.69634419342256,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Pension contributions + Bottom 33%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s1",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s1"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s2-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 18.314734570645648,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Income tax + Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s2",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s2",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s2"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s2-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 48.19752750224456,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions + Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s2",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s2"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s3-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 20.36334708290335,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG on earnings and benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s3",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s3",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s3"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s3-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 48.617129677917696,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s3",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s3"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s4-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 29–39% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 22.036573449905934,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 29–39%, Income tax + Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s4",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s4",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s4"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s4-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 29–39% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 50.32075632108322,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Pension contributions + Top 29–39%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s4",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s4"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s5-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 20–29% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 23.871438696050156,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 20–29%, Income tax + Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s5",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s5",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s5-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 20–29% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 50.88330827402828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Pension contributions + Top 20–29%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s5",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s6-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 13–20% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 26.181061672385685,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 13–20%, Income tax + Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s6",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s6",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s6-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 13–20% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 51.1416611758033,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Pension contributions + Top 13–20%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s6",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s7-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 29.854401961202406,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Income tax + Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s7",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s7",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s7-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 51.49377263485944,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions + Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s7",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s8-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 32.902231793761636,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s8",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s8",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s8-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 44.698755805221666,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s8",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s9-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 34.89917457187814,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s9",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s9",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s9-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 36.38937220770629,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s9",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s10-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 6.97983491438154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s10",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s10",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s10"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s10-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 7.2778744415474215,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s10",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s10"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s11-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 6.979834914366435,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s11",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s11",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s11"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s11-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 7.277874441531672,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s11",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s11"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s12-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 6.9798349143956235,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s12",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s12",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s12"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s12-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 7.2778744415621075,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s12",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s12"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s13-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 6.979834914383352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s13",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s13",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s13"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s13-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 7.27787444154931,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s13",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s13"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s14-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 0.04% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 6.979834914357605,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04%, Income tax + Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-s14",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-s14",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-s14"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-s14-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 0.04% → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 7.277874441522464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-s14",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-s14"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-p-abroad-gov",
    "label": "Outside France → General government, 2023",
    "value": 170.49135949246835,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Lenders outside France + International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-bw-abroad",
        "dna-2023-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2023-row-d9rec_s2"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-co-in-l-kind-2",
    "label": "Through companies → Taxes on products and production, 2023",
    "value": 446.907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-l-kind-2-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on products and production → General government, 2023",
    "value": 446.907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-l-kind-capital-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on capital → General government, 2023",
    "value": 96.22122397654927,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax + CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-l-kind-3-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on income and wealth → General government, 2023",
    "value": 261.0227760234508,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on earnings and benefits + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest",
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-l-kind-1-gov",
    "label": "Social contributions → General government, 2023",
    "value": 462.828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-gov-t-kind-subsidies",
    "label": "General government → Subsidies, 2023",
    "value": 97.18307963142578,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-gov-t-kind-4",
    "label": "General government → Cash benefits, 2023",
    "value": 550.2444525936396,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2023-other_cash"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-gov-t-kind-5",
    "label": "General government → Transfers in kind, 2023",
    "value": 540.3350474063604,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2023-culture"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-subsidies-co-out",
    "label": "Subsidies → Through companies, 2023",
    "value": 97.18307963142578,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s1",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Bottom 33%, 2023",
    "value": 149.74824455239605,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Pensions + Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-s1",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s1",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s1"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s1",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Bottom 33%, 2023",
    "value": 223.4023600074749,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Health care + Bottom 33%, Education + Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-s1",
        "dna-2023-education-s1",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s1",
        "dna-2023-culture-s1"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s2",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Bottom 33–49%, 2023",
    "value": 81.09270231815013,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Pensions + Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-s2",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s2",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s2",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Bottom 33–49%, 2023",
    "value": 87.43717723425009,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Health care + Bottom 33–49%, Education + Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-s2",
        "dna-2023-education-s2",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s2",
        "dna-2023-culture-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s3",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, 2023",
    "value": 67.72071100893378,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-s3",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s3",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s3",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, 2023",
    "value": 62.648853503977804,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-s3",
        "dna-2023-education-s3",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s3",
        "dna-2023-culture-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s4",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 29–39%, 2023",
    "value": 56.97804954892817,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Pensions + Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits + Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-s4",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s4",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s4",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 29–39%, 2023",
    "value": 48.73561334914918,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Health care + Top 29–39%, Education + Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid + Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-s4",
        "dna-2023-education-s4",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s4",
        "dna-2023-culture-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s5",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 20–29%, 2023",
    "value": 49.04822251041196,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Pensions + Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits + Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-s5",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s5",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s5",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 20–29%, 2023",
    "value": 33.93084427239929,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Health care + Top 20–29%, Education + Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid + Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-s5",
        "dna-2023-education-s5",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s5",
        "dna-2023-culture-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s6",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 13–20%, 2023",
    "value": 42.32064259720822,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Pensions + Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits + Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-s6",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s6",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s6",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 13–20%, 2023",
    "value": 29.858316620211262,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Health care + Top 13–20%, Education + Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid + Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-s6",
        "dna-2023-education-s6",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s6",
        "dna-2023-culture-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s7",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 7.9–13%, 2023",
    "value": 38.25630125045023,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Pensions + Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-s7",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s7",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s7",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 7.9–13%, 2023",
    "value": 23.107576862144676,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Health care + Top 7.9–13%, Education + Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid + Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-s7",
        "dna-2023-education-s7",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s7",
        "dna-2023-culture-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s8",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 3.5–7.9%, 2023",
    "value": 34.07940342068087,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-s8",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s8",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 3.5–7.9%, 2023",
    "value": 17.235864850236712,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care + Top 3.5–7.9%, Education + Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-s8",
        "dna-2023-education-s8",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s8",
        "dna-2023-culture-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s9",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 0.9–3.5%, 2023",
    "value": 22.89686700457828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-s9",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s9",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 0.9–3.5%, 2023",
    "value": 10.32453829045355,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care + Top 0.9–3.5%, Education + Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-s9",
        "dna-2023-education-s9",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s9",
        "dna-2023-culture-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s10",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 0.6–0.9%, 2023",
    "value": 2.853013188358438,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-s10",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s10",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 0.6–0.9%, 2023",
    "value": 1.2864661309552023,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care + Top 0.6–0.9%, Education + Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-s10",
        "dna-2023-education-s10",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s10",
        "dna-2023-culture-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s11",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 0.3–0.6%, 2023",
    "value": 2.252841104220024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-s11",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s11",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 0.3–0.6%, 2023",
    "value": 1.0158396010325994,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care + Top 0.3–0.6%, Education + Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-s11",
        "dna-2023-education-s11",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s11",
        "dna-2023-culture-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s12",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 0.2–0.3%, 2023",
    "value": 1.639082738479885,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-s12",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s12",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 0.2–0.3%, 2023",
    "value": 0.7390868144219594,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care + Top 0.2–0.3%, Education + Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-s12",
        "dna-2023-education-s12",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s12",
        "dna-2023-culture-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s13",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 0.04–0.2%, 2023",
    "value": 1.008212020237318,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-s13",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s13",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 0.04–0.2%, 2023",
    "value": 0.45461781324730355,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care + Top 0.04–0.2%, Education + Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-s13",
        "dna-2023-education-s13",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s13",
        "dna-2023-culture-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s14",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 0.04%, 2023",
    "value": 0.35015933060628773,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Pensions + Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions-s14",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s14",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 0.04%, 2023",
    "value": 0.15789205640585352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Health care + Top 0.04%, Education + Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health-s14",
        "dna-2023-education-s14",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-s14",
        "dna-2023-culture-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-shares-kind-gov-r-abroad",
    "label": "General government → Outside France, 2023",
    "value": 60.88467373635698,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Lenders outside France + EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) + International cooperation paid + Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-int-abroad",
        "dna-2023-row-d76pay",
        "dna-2023-row-d74pay",
        "dna-2023-row-d9pay_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s1-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, people",
    "value": 22777700,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-90"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 110,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s1-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€110",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€110",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€110",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€110",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€110",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 10,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s1-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€10",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€10",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€10",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€10",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€10",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s1",
        "dna-2024-people-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,930",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,930",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,930",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,930",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,930",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, transfers received",
    "value": 527.9015464206216,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 33%, Pensions + Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 33%, Health care + Bottom 33%, Education + Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 33%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s1",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s1",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s1",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s1",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s1",
        "dna-2024-health-s1",
        "dna-2024-education-s1",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s1",
        "dna-2024-culture-s1",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 13.455378764673114,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.630717533960698,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Pensions",
    "value": 78.16657168945586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Bottom 33%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 17.994171511087313,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 61.57585669104667,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Health care",
    "value": 98.28907725567439,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Bottom 33%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Education",
    "value": 61.45037386222776,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Bottom 33%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 60.16741802441709,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 14.341825736745896,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Collective services",
    "value": 116.8301553513328,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Bottom 33%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s1-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 570,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s1",
        "dna-2024-people-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€570",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€570",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€570",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€570",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€570",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, levies paid",
    "value": 155.64733666407034,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products + Bottom 33%, Taxes on production + Bottom 33%, Corporate tax + Bottom 33%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 33%, CSG on capital income + Bottom 33%, Income tax + Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 33%, Pension contributions + Bottom 33%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s1-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s1",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s1-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s1",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s1",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s1",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s1",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s1",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s1-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 71.50263778057352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s1",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 74.98100397338908,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Bottom 33%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 15.510600220069605,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Bottom 33%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s1-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.9071842730058655,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s1",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.3897482321523262,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Bottom 33%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 13.17969614585529,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, CSG − Bottom 33%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s1",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, CSG",
    "value": 15.044271231785467,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Bottom 33%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8645750859301764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Bottom 33%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1.1bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.7bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 10.562814217153624,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Bottom 33%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Bottom 33%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Income tax",
    "value": 3.055949887320039,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Bottom 33%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.9213564321247194,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 30.78738100521263,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Bottom 33%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, Other contributions",
    "value": 15.917955833978484,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Bottom 33%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s1-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-p33.30-month",
    "label": "Living standard at P33.3, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 1830,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at P33.3, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-p33.30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-p33.30",
    "label": "Living standard at P33.3, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 21937.212065813535,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The living standard at this rank, interpolated linearly between Insee's two published thresholds around it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D3, constant 2024 euros + (Living standard at D4, constant 2024 euros − Living standard at D3, constant 2024 euros) × (33.3007 − 30) ÷ 10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d3",
        "dna-living-2024-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 50,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33–49%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s2-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€50",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€50",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€50",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€50",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€50",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, people",
    "value": 10708601,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-90",
        "dna-2023-edge-80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 160,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33–49%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s2-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 20,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33–49%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s2-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€20",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€20",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€20",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€20",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€20",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33–49%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s2",
        "dna-2024-people-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,880",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,880",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,880",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,880",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,880",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, transfers received",
    "value": 240.9626296981355,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production + Bottom 33–49%, Pensions + Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Health care + Bottom 33–49%, Education + Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure + Bottom 33–49%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s2",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s2",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s2",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s2",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s2",
        "dna-2024-health-s2",
        "dna-2024-education-s2",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s2",
        "dna-2024-culture-s2",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 6.592000713892965,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.568511989598251,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Pensions",
    "value": 57.63797818992834,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Bottom 33–49%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 7.229338116143056,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.55129529715344,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Health care",
    "value": 44.605780817478944,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Bottom 33–49%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Education",
    "value": 22.889303636758044,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Bottom 33–49%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 17.390404661829454,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 6.742598626890467,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Collective services",
    "value": 51.75541764846255,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Bottom 33–49%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s2-pp",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Bottom 33–49%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s2",
        "dna-2024-people-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,000",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,000",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,000",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,000",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,000",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, levies paid",
    "value": 128.99662706020177,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products + Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production + Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax + Bottom 33–49%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 33–49%, CSG on capital income + Bottom 33–49%, Income tax + Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions + Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s2-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s2",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s2-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s2",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s2",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s2",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s2",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s2",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s2-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.69795266707973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s2",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 44.77506645853709,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.781373445565094,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s2-resident",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.0112386641892375,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s2",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.2671066158812005,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 15.561525300512184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG − Bottom 33–49%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s2",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG",
    "value": 16.9326689830099,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Bottom 33–49%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.3711436824977177,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Bottom 33–49%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€845m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 7.767526281207441,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Bottom 33–49%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Bottom 33–49%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Income tax",
    "value": 1.3777611076351541,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Bottom 33–49%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.8317423169198812,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 32.32879128644089,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions",
    "value": 18.035098589361866,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s2-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-p48.96-month",
    "label": "Living standard at P49.0, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 2200,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at P49.0, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-p48.96"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-p48.96",
    "label": "Living standard at P49.0, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 26441.582089552237,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The living standard at this rank, interpolated linearly between Insee's two published thresholds around it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D4, constant 2024 euros + (Living standard at D5, constant 2024 euros − Living standard at D4, constant 2024 euros) × (48.9566 − 40) ÷ 10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d4",
        "dna-living-2024-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s3-pp",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 70,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s3-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€70",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€70",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€70",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€70",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€70",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, people",
    "value": 8473237,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-80",
        "dna-2023-edge-70"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s3-pp",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 190,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s3-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s3-pp",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s3-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s3-pp",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, received a month per person",
    "value": 1860,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s3",
        "dna-2024-people-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,860",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,860",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,860",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,860",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,860",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, transfers received",
    "value": 188.62910714872368,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s3",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s3",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s3",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s3",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s3",
        "dna-2024-health-s3",
        "dna-2024-education-s3",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s3",
        "dna-2024-culture-s3",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 5.355293605118691,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.738196230352457,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions",
    "value": 52.33456948641988,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 4.392569591386628,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 14.606149193580134,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care",
    "value": 32.58596822118565,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education",
    "value": 16.616520414870614,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 11.102414944516214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.3351166475538765,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Collective services",
    "value": 40.56230881373948,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s3-pp",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1250,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s3",
        "dna-2024-people-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,250",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,250",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,250",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,250",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,250",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, levies paid",
    "value": 127.46129055489573,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG on earnings and benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG on capital income + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s3-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s3",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s3-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s3",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s3",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s3",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s3",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s3",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s3-resident",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products",
    "value": 38.507603762141024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s3",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products",
    "value": 40.380870976472515,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.47941165967483,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s3-resident",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.4096712323012266,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s3",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.766352304278616,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 15.53269205199566,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG − Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s3",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG",
    "value": 16.9355652727259,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.4028732207302392,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€956m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 7.947274053273697,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax",
    "value": 3.394585752683856,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.9321007202248386,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions",
    "value": 31.90863703661147,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions",
    "value": 18.893715118532587,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s3-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-p61.34-month",
    "label": "Living standard at P61.3, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 2530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at P61.3, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-p61.34"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-p61.34",
    "label": "Living standard at P61.3, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 30390.854526958294,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The living standard at this rank, interpolated linearly between Insee's two published thresholds around it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D6, constant 2024 euros + (Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros − Living standard at D6, constant 2024 euros) × (61.3444 − 60) ÷ 10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d6",
        "dna-living-2024-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s4-pp",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 100,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 29–39%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s4-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€100",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€100",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€100",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€100",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€100",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, people",
    "value": 6886314,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-70",
        "dna-2023-edge-60"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s4-pp",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 230,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 29–39%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s4-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€230",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€230",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€230",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€230",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€230",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s4-pp",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 29–39%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s4-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€30",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s4-pp",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1870,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 29–39%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s4",
        "dna-2024-people-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,870",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,870",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,870",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,870",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,870",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, transfers received",
    "value": 154.14918369999452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products + Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production + Top 29–39%, Pensions + Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits + Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits + Top 29–39%, Health care + Top 29–39%, Education + Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid + Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure + Top 29–39%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s4",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s4",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s4",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s4",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s4",
        "dna-2024-health-s4",
        "dna-2024-education-s4",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s4",
        "dna-2024-culture-s4",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.528551406841293,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.648247159473114,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Pensions",
    "value": 44.682777353395814,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 29–39%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 3.717670864842645,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.617108789969267,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Health care",
    "value": 26.064516263375324,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 29–39%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Education",
    "value": 12.768474785745699,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 29–39%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 7.886629580937073,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 4.335921309965242,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Collective services",
    "value": 32.89928618544907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 29–39%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s4-pp",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 29–39%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s4",
        "dna-2024-people-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,530",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,530",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,530",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,530",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,530",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, levies paid",
    "value": 126.26772461928539,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products + Top 29–39%, Taxes on production + Top 29–39%, Corporate tax + Top 29–39%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 29–39%, CSG on capital income + Top 29–39%, Income tax + Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 29–39%, Pension contributions + Top 29–39%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s4-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s4",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s4-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s4",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s4",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s4",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s4",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s4",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s4-resident",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 33.91497122361694,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s4",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 35.564822096203805,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 29–39%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.4425179757891,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 29–39%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s4-resident",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.3476172799938277,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s4",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.6885971943379547,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 29–39%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 15.431979094595299,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, CSG − Top 29–39%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s4",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, CSG",
    "value": 16.84832560633021,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 29–39%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.4163465117349117,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 29–39%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1.1bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 8.023600220479244,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 29–39%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 29–39%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Income tax",
    "value": 5.27627054434903,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 29–39%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.8554692907485477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 32.72442521821793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 29–39%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, Other contributions",
    "value": 19.85812748023981,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 29–39%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s4-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-p71.41-month",
    "label": "Living standard at P71.4, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 2870,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at P71.4, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-p71.41"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-p71.41",
    "label": "Living standard at P71.4, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 34400.152931180965,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The living standard at this rank, interpolated linearly between Insee's two published thresholds around it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros + (Living standard at D8, constant 2024 euros − Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros) × (71.4121 − 70) ÷ 10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d7",
        "dna-living-2024-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s5-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 130,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–29%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s5-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€130",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€130",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€130",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€130",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€130",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, people",
    "value": 5692428,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-60",
        "dna-2023-edge-50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s5-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 250,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–29%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s5-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€250",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€250",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€250",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€250",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€250",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s5-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 60,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–29%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s5-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€60",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€60",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€60",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€60",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€60",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s5-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1810,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–29%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s5",
        "dna-2024-people-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,810",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,810",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,810",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,810",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,810",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, transfers received",
    "value": 123.66677369749969,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products + Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production + Top 20–29%, Pensions + Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits + Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits + Top 20–29%, Health care + Top 20–29%, Education + Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid + Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure + Top 20–29%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s5",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s5",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s5",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s5",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s5",
        "dna-2024-health-s5",
        "dna-2024-education-s5",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s5",
        "dna-2024-culture-s5",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.9428338888602767,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.618764314944092,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Pensions",
    "value": 39.15625880058718,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 20–29%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.7672425251188573,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.741210154844865,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Health care",
    "value": 16.19160295929361,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 20–29%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Education",
    "value": 10.459246144859517,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 20–29%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 5.312489883714421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 3.5841987874072125,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Collective services",
    "value": 26.89292623786965,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 20–29%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s5-pp",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 20–29%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s5",
        "dna-2024-people-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,840",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,840",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,840",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,840",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,840",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, levies paid",
    "value": 125.72824465797521,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products + Top 20–29%, Taxes on production + Top 20–29%, Corporate tax + Top 20–29%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 20–29%, CSG on capital income + Top 20–29%, Income tax + Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 20–29%, Pension contributions + Top 20–29%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s5-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s5",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s5-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s5",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s5",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s5",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s5",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s5",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s5-resident",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 30.541139559373203,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s5",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 32.02686471065214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 20–29%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 14.11783707097741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 20–29%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s5-resident",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.0505372918871227,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s5",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.56937304780019,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 20–29%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 14.905389440417462,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, CSG − Top 20–29%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s5",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, CSG",
    "value": 16.3229239123693,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 20–29%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.417534471951839,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 20–29%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1.2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 8.03033001278606,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 20–29%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 20–29%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Income tax",
    "value": 7.579123132732415,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 20–29%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.9462936885689641,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 32.504297297189524,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 20–29%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, Other contributions",
    "value": 20.66609270487727,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 20–29%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s5-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-p79.73-month",
    "label": "Living standard at P79.7, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 3220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at P79.7, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-p79.73"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-p79.73",
    "label": "Living standard at P79.7, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 38644.50688073395,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The living standard at this rank, interpolated linearly between Insee's two published thresholds around it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros + (Living standard at D8, constant 2024 euros − Living standard at D7, constant 2024 euros) × (79.7343 − 70) ÷ 10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d7",
        "dna-living-2024-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s6-pp",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 190,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 13–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s6-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€190",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, people",
    "value": 4712167,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-50",
        "dna-2023-edge-40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s6-pp",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 13–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s6-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s6-pp",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 80,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 13–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s6-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€80",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€80",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€80",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€80",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€80",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s6-pp",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, received a month per person",
    "value": 1890,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 13–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s6",
        "dna-2024-people-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,890",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,890",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,890",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,890",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,890",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, transfers received",
    "value": 106.79379166909425,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products + Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production + Top 13–20%, Pensions + Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits + Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits + Top 13–20%, Health care + Top 13–20%, Education + Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid + Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure + Top 13–20%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s6",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s6",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s6",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s6",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s6",
        "dna-2024-health-s6",
        "dna-2024-education-s6",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s6",
        "dna-2024-culture-s6",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.3091048005940213,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.600172720132794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Pensions",
    "value": 34.06868216794033,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 13–20%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.533391579661664,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 7.976173486375305,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Health care",
    "value": 15.672564647046855,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 13–20%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Education",
    "value": 8.47020626124528,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 13–20%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 4.165910680775089,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.9669843272144356,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Collective services",
    "value": 22.030600998108476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 13–20%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s6-pp",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 13–20%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s6",
        "dna-2024-people-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,210",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,210",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,210",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,210",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,210",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, levies paid",
    "value": 124.87664954391822,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products + Top 13–20%, Taxes on production + Top 13–20%, Corporate tax + Top 13–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 13–20%, CSG on capital income + Top 13–20%, Income tax + Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 13–20%, Pension contributions + Top 13–20%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s6-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s6",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s6-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s6",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s6",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s6",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s6",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s6",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s6-resident",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27.053478784387984,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s6",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 28.369540805630432,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 13–20%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.623721590614316,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 13–20%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s6-resident",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.4354130110506835,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s6",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.0516316750800123,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 13–20%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 14.375283637063799,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, CSG − Top 13–20%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s6",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, CSG",
    "value": 15.920277719074335,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 13–20%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.5449940820105366,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 13–20%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1.4bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.3bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 8.752388454626296,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 13–20%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 13–20%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Income tax",
    "value": 10.21894347559145,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 13–20%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.1844597208309438,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 31.964682348751992,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 13–20%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, Other contributions",
    "value": 21.475672893616508,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 13–20%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s6-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-p86.62-month",
    "label": "Living standard at P86.6, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 3770,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at P86.6, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-p86.62"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-p86.62",
    "label": "Living standard at P86.6, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 45270.99120234604,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The living standard at this rank, interpolated linearly between Insee's two published thresholds around it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D8, constant 2024 euros + (Living standard at D9, constant 2024 euros − Living standard at D8, constant 2024 euros) × (86.6235 − 80) ÷ 10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d8",
        "dna-living-2024-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s7-pp",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 7.9–13%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s7-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€290",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, people",
    "value": 3769871,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-40",
        "dna-2023-edge-30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s7-pp",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 330,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 7.9–13%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s7-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€330",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€330",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€330",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€330",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€330",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s7-pp",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 160,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 7.9–13%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s7-below",
        "dna-2024-people-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€160",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s7-pp",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2020,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 7.9–13%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s7",
        "dna-2024-people-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,020",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,020",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,020",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,020",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,020",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, transfers received",
    "value": 91.4904912362593,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products + Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production + Top 7.9–13%, Pensions + Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Health care + Top 7.9–13%, Education + Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid + Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure + Top 7.9–13%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s7",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s7",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s7",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s7",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s7",
        "dna-2024-health-s7",
        "dna-2024-education-s7",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s7",
        "dna-2024-culture-s7",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.705284021100829,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.565026979385666,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Pensions",
    "value": 31.094977916481398,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 7.9–13%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.419389307430645,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.782725417885083,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Health care",
    "value": 12.177121000671422,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 7.9–13%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Education",
    "value": 6.444770390736557,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 7.9–13%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 3.2079115631193598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.3736740078525713,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Collective services",
    "value": 18.719610631595785,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 7.9–13%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s7-pp",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 7.9–13%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s7",
        "dna-2024-people-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,780",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,780",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,780",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,780",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,780",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, levies paid",
    "value": 125.73993022379295,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products + Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production + Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax + Top 7.9–13%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 7.9–13%, CSG on capital income + Top 7.9–13%, Income tax + Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions + Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s7-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s7",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s7-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s7",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s7",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s7",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s7",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s7",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s7-resident",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 22.548620909469264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s7",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.64553653525085,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 13.354010746482508,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s7-resident",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.831439799183251,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s7",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.800887159301821,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 13.967996628368526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG − Top 7.9–13%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s7",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG",
    "value": 15.646954955926185,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 7.9–13%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.6789583275576596,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 7.9–13%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1.7bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1.5bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 9.511295643794003,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 7.9–13%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 7.9–13%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Income tax",
    "value": 13.903479378804118,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 7.9–13%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.647131173429789,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 31.465675013630758,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions",
    "value": 22.342618246867097,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s7-below",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-p92.13-month",
    "label": "Living standard at P92.1, constant 2024 euros, a month",
    "value": 4500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly amount divided by twelve, rounded to ten euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at P92.1, constant 2024 euros ÷ 12, rounded to €10",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-p92.13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-p92.13",
    "label": "Living standard at P92.1, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 53977.198900091666,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The living standard at this rank, interpolated linearly between Insee's two published thresholds around it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Living standard at D9, constant 2024 euros + (Living standard at C95, constant 2024 euros − Living standard at D9, constant 2024 euros) × (92.135 − 90) ÷ 5",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-living-2024-d9",
        "dna-living-2024-c95"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-living-2024-c95",
    "label": "Living standard at C95, constant 2024 euros",
    "value": 61220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Disposable income per consumption unit a year at the threshold, in constant 2024 euros: what one person living alone has to spend; metropolitan France, survey on tax and social incomes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Distribution des niveaux de vie, données annuelles de 1996 à 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/2416808/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Données”, row 14 “95e centile (C95)”, column AG (2024), en euros 2024 constants; raw/reve-niv-vie-decile-individu.xlsx",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee's distributional accounts rank people by a survey-based living standard close to, but not the same as, this one."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s8-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 540,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8",
        "dna-2024-people-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, people",
    "value": 2970950,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-30",
        "dna-2023-edge-20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s8-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, people",
    "value": 2970950,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-30",
        "dna-2023-edge-20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s8-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s8-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8",
        "dna-2024-people-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s8-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 590,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s8",
        "dna-2024-people-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s8-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s8-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2120,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s8",
        "dna-2024-people-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, transfers received",
    "value": 75.590116463108,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care + Top 3.5–7.9%, Education + Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s8",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s8",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s8",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s8",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s8",
        "dna-2024-health-s8",
        "dna-2024-education-s8",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s8",
        "dna-2024-culture-s8",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.9144952469748369,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.079603332941232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 27.50080589134386,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.367245662480718,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.029325660711889,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care",
    "value": 8.63040663580141,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education",
    "value": 5.209350857439555,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 3.5–7.9%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 2.343522005534294,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.8706386501753482,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 14.644722519704844,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s8-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2110,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, transfers received",
    "value": 75.11767573897397,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care + Top 3.5–7.9%, Education + Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-health-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-education-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-culture-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.176183797649588,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 5.436803314280845,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 26.535529134784362,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 2.418418934990475,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 5.701778830780997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care",
    "value": 8.64799216251421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Education",
    "value": 5.175601925788828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 3.5–7.9%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 2.3570771863968916,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.8706386501753482,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 14.797651801612426,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 3.5–7.9%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s8-ipp-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 3640,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2024-people-s8-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, levies paid",
    "value": 129.87676538266746,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s8-ipp-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s8-ipp-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s8-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s8-ipp-resident",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 16.509090902912238,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 17.312203423698296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 11.511446423149827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s8-ipp-resident",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.875139451599026,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 8.614716775303943,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 13.643574948032068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG − Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s8-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG",
    "value": 15.69481793999523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.051242991963162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 3.5–7.9%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s8-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2.5bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2.2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 11.620287539955147,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-ipp-key",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-ipp",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-ipp-key",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 20.458892329819356,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.7118011210586963,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 31.44899371695449,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 23.6665834971786,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-ipp",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s8-ipp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, people",
    "value": 2970950,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-30",
        "dna-2023-edge-20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s8-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 3360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, levies paid",
    "value": 119.8077571752986,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s8-insee-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s8-insee-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s8-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.18731659434511,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.072069229261064,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 12.667435071476783,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s8-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.073731593069405,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 5.104484663905756,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 13.177033621190137,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG − Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s8-insee",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG",
    "value": 15.2282766131533,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.051242991963162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 3.5–7.9%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s8-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2.5bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2.2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 11.620287539955147,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8-insee-key",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8-insee-key",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 15.290562659477693,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.824480202241273,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 29.722610391028542,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s8-insee",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 21.813344050506487,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8-insee",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s8-pp",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 3410,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 3.5–7.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s8",
        "dna-2024-people-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€3,410",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,410",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,380",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,360",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,640",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, levies paid",
    "value": 121.488123644997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s8-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s8",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s8-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s8",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s8",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s8",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s8",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s8",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s8-resident",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 16.509090902912238,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s8",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 17.312203423698296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s8",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 11.511446423149827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s8",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s8-resident",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 11.122207034700894,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s8",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 13.936395646194008,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s8",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 12.22912988419764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG − Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s8",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG",
    "value": 14.280372876160802,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s8",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.051242991963162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 3.5–7.9%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2.5bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2.2bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 11.620287539955147,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 3.5–7.9%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 3.5–7.9%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s8",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s8",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 18.07339935553125,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s8",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.283750205429984,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s8",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 26.743022651462784,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s8",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 19.964834195649228,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s8",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s9-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, people",
    "value": 1779100,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-20",
        "dna-2023-edge-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s9-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 610,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, people",
    "value": 1779100,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-20",
        "dna-2023-edge-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s9-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s9-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s9-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, people",
    "value": 1779100,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-20",
        "dna-2023-edge-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s9-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 420,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€420",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€420",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€380",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€500",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€420",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s9-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1770,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s9-pareto-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s9-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s9-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, people",
    "value": 1779100,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-20",
        "dna-2023-edge-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s9-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s9-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1760,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s9-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,760",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,770",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,620",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€280",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,760",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s9-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, transfers received",
    "value": 49.464509026605256,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care + Top 0.9–3.5%, Education + Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-health-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-education-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-culture-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.6615426867980811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.931799934659581,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions",
    "value": 18.19743712481475,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 1.2925230358823816,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.14686867143151,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care",
    "value": 5.130022418961704,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Education",
    "value": 3.1893717440792995,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.9–3.5%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 1.3733385458503489,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.1201984371630611,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
    "value": 8.421406426964529,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s9-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s9-wid",
        "dna-2024-people-s9-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, transfers received",
    "value": 48.72481206182225,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care + Top 0.9–3.5%, Education + Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s9-wid",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s9-wid",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s9-wid",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s9-wid",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s9-wid",
        "dna-2024-health-s9-wid",
        "dna-2024-education-s9-wid",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s9-wid",
        "dna-2024-culture-s9-wid",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s9-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.2812370657662318,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.1256601357068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions",
    "value": 18.552808845621286,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 1.2822555337584527,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.283241382851784,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care",
    "value": 5.125369831310998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Education",
    "value": 3.199157009549931,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.9–3.5%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 1.3699090500459201,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.1201984371630611,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s9-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
    "value": 8.384974770047787,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s9-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s9-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s9",
        "dna-2024-people-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,300",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,310",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,280",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,320",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,300",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, transfers received",
    "value": 49.19883102290032,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care + Top 0.9–3.5%, Education + Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s9",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s9",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s9",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s9",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s9",
        "dna-2024-health-s9",
        "dna-2024-education-s9",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s9",
        "dna-2024-culture-s9",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.3935622386294726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 4.487353923921635,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions",
    "value": 18.552808845621286,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 1.2822555337584527,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.283241382851784,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care",
    "value": 5.125369831310998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Education",
    "value": 3.199157009549931,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.9–3.5%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 1.3699090500459201,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.1201984371630611,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services",
    "value": 8.384974770047787,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.9–3.5%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s9-ipp-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 5790,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2024-people-s9-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, levies paid",
    "value": 123.60471628237053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s9-ipp-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s9-ipp-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s9-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s9-ipp-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 13.514961182780821,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 14.172419222575984,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 9.455666721343372,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s9-ipp-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 11.526535465490005,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 14.44302899377522,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 11.934946178830625,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG − Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s9-ipp",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s9-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG",
    "value": 14.387240368027875,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.452294189197251,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.9–3.5%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s9-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€3.4bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 13.892241788360968,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-ipp",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax",
    "value": 24.264400007366824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.353984166913924,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 25.804181336202898,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
    "value": 20.2977470342448,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s9-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, people",
    "value": 1779100,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-20",
        "dna-2023-edge-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s9-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 4990,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, levies paid",
    "value": 106.54982920164197,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s9-insee-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s9-insee-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s9-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.446257372717083,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 16.197666567097663,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 10.790540261275734,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s9-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.176489284483217,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.980218251317989,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 11.459027961850232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG − Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s9-insee",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG",
    "value": 13.911322151047484,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.452294189197251,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.9–3.5%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s9-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€3.4bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 13.892241788360968,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax",
    "value": 16.622955372989264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.0646252452587515,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 24.616177210734126,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s9-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
    "value": 18.92146230313631,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s9-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 5570,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.9–3.5%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s9",
        "dna-2024-people-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€5,570",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,600",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,120",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€4,990",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,790",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, levies paid",
    "value": 118.87280092716117,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s9-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s9",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s9-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s9",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s9",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s9",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s9",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s9",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s9-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 13.514961182780821,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s9",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 14.172419222575984,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 9.455666721343372,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s9-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 19.850580662173982,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s9",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 24.873259871140693,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 10.26924919384173,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG − Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s9",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG",
    "value": 12.72154338303898,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.452294189197251,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.9–3.5%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€3.4bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3bn",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 13.892241788360968,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.9–3.5%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.9–3.5%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax",
    "value": 21.455165094975044,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.8498973431728882,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 21.283353704689024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
    "value": 16.74163283498705,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s9-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s10-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1960,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s10-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, people",
    "value": 221681,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-10",
        "dna-2023-edge-8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s10-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, people",
    "value": 221681,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-10",
        "dna-2023-edge-8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s10-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,950",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,960",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,760",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,320",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,950",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, people",
    "value": 221681,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-10",
        "dna-2023-edge-8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s10-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 670,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s10-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s10-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, people",
    "value": 221681,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-10",
        "dna-2023-edge-8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s10-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 2850,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s10-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s10-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 690,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s10-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 2830,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s10-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,830",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,850",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,550",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€690",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,830",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s10-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2550,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, transfers received",
    "value": 6.774145890427478,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care + Top 0.6–0.9%, Education + Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-health-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-education-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-culture-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.25295137774733334,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8828946996696244,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 2.5287668019794007,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.1475293609188002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.6053818957094748,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care",
    "value": 0.6345032324484521,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Education",
    "value": 0.4064822481206402,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.6–0.9%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.16749736787500538,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.13957983483791422,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 1.0085590711208339,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s10-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s10-wid",
        "dna-2024-people-s10-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, transfers received",
    "value": 6.456988793216068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care + Top 0.6–0.9%, Education + Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s10-wid",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s10-wid",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s10-wid",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s10-wid",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s10-wid",
        "dna-2024-health-s10-wid",
        "dna-2024-education-s10-wid",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s10-wid",
        "dna-2024-culture-s10-wid",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s10-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.25105244304030777,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8084039120455627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 2.311731483048177,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.1597725989292321,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.5337037661857986,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care",
    "value": 0.638635308534608,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Education",
    "value": 0.39862384395429656,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.6–0.9%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.17069447037671584,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.13957983483791422,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s10-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 1.0447911322634555,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s10-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s10-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s10",
        "dna-2024-people-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,470",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,470",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,430",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,550",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,470",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, transfers received",
    "value": 6.573715670641415,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care + Top 0.6–0.9%, Education + Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s10",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s10",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s10",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s10",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s10",
        "dna-2024-health-s10",
        "dna-2024-education-s10",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s10",
        "dna-2024-culture-s10",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2787124477261306,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8974707847850871,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions",
    "value": 2.311731483048177,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.1597725989292321,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.5337037661857986,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care",
    "value": 0.638635308534608,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Education",
    "value": 0.39862384395429656,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.6–0.9%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.17069447037671584,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.13957983483791422,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services",
    "value": 1.0447911322634555,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.6–0.9%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s10-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 8990,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2024-people-s10-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.905152583937607,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s10-pareto-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s10-pareto-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s10-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s10-pareto-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.717839629591413,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.850053513980914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.9015212394556011,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s10-pareto-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.9919237698436776,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 5.00197747375271,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.0651315270318786,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG − Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s10-pareto",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s10-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG",
    "value": 2.558284429262091,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.49315290223021274,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.6–0.9%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s10-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€688m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€608m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.7937102271798397,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.3146034358458625,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7742089250293378,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.280052407617273,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s10-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.3667187472923543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s10-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 7440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, levies paid",
    "value": 19.792005194276943,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s10-insee-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s10-insee-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s10-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.5908948089436405,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.716933248815286,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.815136528097744,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s10-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0.9640227998466508,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.2079439906754015,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.0181836328316094,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG − Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s10-insee",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG",
    "value": 2.5086424706714747,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4904588378398655,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.6–0.9%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s10-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€684m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€604m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.7784483576745465,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 3.926983643897018,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7148101021077753,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.0324746376983365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s10-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.2390402030143064,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s10-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 8940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.6–0.9%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s10",
        "dna-2024-people-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€8,940",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€8,990",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€8,050",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€7,440",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€8,120",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.77456018545237,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s10-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s10",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s10-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s10",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s10",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s10",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s10",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s10",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s10-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7029922365584538,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s10",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.8344838445175977,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8911333442702762,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s10-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.9701161324381586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s10",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.974651974232351,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.0538498387700854,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG − Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s10",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG",
    "value": 2.5443086766099507,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4904588378398655,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.6–0.9%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€684m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€604m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.7784483576745465,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.6–0.9%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.6–0.9%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.291033018998643,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7699794686352299,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.25667074094141,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.348326567000246,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s10-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s11-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 2480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s11-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, people",
    "value": 175047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-8",
        "dna-2023-edge-6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s11-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, people",
    "value": 175047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-8",
        "dna-2023-edge-6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s11-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 2470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,470",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,480",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,270",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,950",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,470",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, people",
    "value": 175047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-8",
        "dna-2023-edge-6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s11-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 850,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s11-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s11-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 3600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s11-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s11-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1090,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s11-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 3590,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s11-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€3,590",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,600",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,290",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,090",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,590",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s11-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, transfers received",
    "value": 5.6341788581695695,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care + Top 0.3–0.6%, Education + Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-health-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-education-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-culture-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.22029405760698598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8341012986990884,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions",
    "value": 2.1054610678531227,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.11169980672821807,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.516400047943321,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care",
    "value": 0.4992434415644046,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Education",
    "value": 0.3244923542184194,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.3–0.6%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.13090587476840526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.11021722245315792,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.7813636863344458,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s11-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2540,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s11-wid",
        "dna-2024-people-s11-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, transfers received",
    "value": 5.3402969152247195,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care + Top 0.3–0.6%, Education + Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s11-wid",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s11-wid",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s11-wid",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s11-wid",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s11-wid",
        "dna-2024-health-s11-wid",
        "dna-2024-education-s11-wid",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s11-wid",
        "dna-2024-culture-s11-wid",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s11-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2554969730412258,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8227155650071281,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.8254257387176671,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.12616215013115215,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.42143155413599964,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care",
    "value": 0.5042892474327552,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Education",
    "value": 0.31476762338387176,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.3–0.6%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.13478644988283175,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.11021722245315792,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.8250043910389311,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s11-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s11-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, people",
    "value": 175047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-8",
        "dna-2023-edge-6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s11-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2590,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s11",
        "dna-2024-people-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,590",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,590",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,540",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,680",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,590",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, transfers received",
    "value": 5.438267609685038,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care + Top 0.3–0.6%, Education + Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s11",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s11",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s11",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s11",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s11",
        "dna-2024-health-s11",
        "dna-2024-education-s11",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s11",
        "dna-2024-culture-s11",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.27871244772552745,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.897470784783145,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.8254257387176671,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.12616215013115215,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.42143155413599964,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care",
    "value": 0.5042892474327552,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Education",
    "value": 0.31476762338387176,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.3–0.6%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.13478644988283175,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.11021722245315792,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.8250043910389311,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.3–0.6%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s11-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 11360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2024-people-s11-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.865330474901228,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s11-pareto-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s11-pareto-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s11-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s11-pareto-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7133121493466006,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.845305786837372,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8983536133186538,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s11-pareto-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.9852738719578786,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.993644990131956,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.061691352678037,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG − Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s11-pareto",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s11-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG",
    "value": 2.5540227421161745,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.49233138943813737,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.3–0.6%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s11-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€687m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€607m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.789056358818524,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.307416005944811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7729192184641445,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.272922534128321,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s11-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.3611103396246453,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s11-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 9190,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, levies paid",
    "value": 19.309174889939104,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s11-insee-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s11-insee-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s11-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.3683912557434117,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.483605635674666,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.661640605470925,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s11-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.2058135560840049,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.5109136829318843,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 1.8883523635821011,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG − Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s11-insee",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG",
    "value": 2.378811201420905,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.49045883783880406,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.3–0.6%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s11-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€684m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€604m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.7784483576685335,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.285682363248353,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7748306362957923,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 3.6426054359840156,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s11-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
    "value": 2.9913998356916975,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s11-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 11320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.3–0.6%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s11",
        "dna-2024-people-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€11,320",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€11,360",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€10,380",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€9,190",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€9,760",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.77456018540092,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s11-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s11-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s11",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s11",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s11",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s11",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s11-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7029922365526047,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.834483844511464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8911333442661837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s11-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.9701161324295673,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.974651974221586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.0538498387656414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG − Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG",
    "value": 2.5443086766044454,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.49045883783880406,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.3–0.6%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€684m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€604m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.7784483576685335,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.3–0.6%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.3–0.6%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.291033018989356,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7699794686335635,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.256670740932198,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.348326566993,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s11-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s12-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 3400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, people",
    "value": 127358,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-6",
        "dna-2023-edge-4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s12-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 3260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s12-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, people",
    "value": 127358,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-6",
        "dna-2023-edge-4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s12-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s12-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, people",
    "value": 127358,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-6",
        "dna-2023-edge-4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s12-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 4930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s12-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s12-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 2030,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s12-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2890,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, transfers received",
    "value": 4.422933080319059,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care + Top 0.2–0.3%, Education + Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-health-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-education-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-culture-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.182816180315107,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.7724347572219762,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.6447635372241076,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.07681848318563711,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.4167540656606682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care",
    "value": 0.36149870689666247,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Education",
    "value": 0.23956684486893423,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.2–0.3%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.09393536763390221,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.08018991950553697,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.5541552178065272,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s12-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2770,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s12-wid",
        "dna-2024-people-s12-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, transfers received",
    "value": 4.227921349583477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care + Top 0.2–0.3%, Education + Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s12-wid",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s12-wid",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s12-wid",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s12-wid",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s12-wid",
        "dna-2024-health-s12-wid",
        "dna-2024-education-s12-wid",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s12-wid",
        "dna-2024-culture-s12-wid",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s12-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2670550992343635,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8599334240221412,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.3281113404333575,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.0917908511799255,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.3066178012027274,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care",
    "value": 0.36690195288061184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Education",
    "value": 0.22901312354182493,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.2–0.3%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.09806556839277063,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.08018991950553697,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s12-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.600242269190217,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s12-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s12-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, received a month per person",
    "value": 2800,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s12",
        "dna-2024-people-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€2,800",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,800",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,770",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,890",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,800",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, transfers received",
    "value": 4.277116058840563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care + Top 0.2–0.3%, Education + Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s12",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s12",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s12",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s12",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s12",
        "dna-2024-health-s12",
        "dna-2024-education-s12",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s12",
        "dna-2024-culture-s12",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.27871244772669296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8974707847868982,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions",
    "value": 1.3281113404333575,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.0917908511799255,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.3066178012027274,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care",
    "value": 0.36690195288061184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Education",
    "value": 0.22901312354182493,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.2–0.3%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.09806556839277063,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.08018991950553697,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.600242269190217,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.2–0.3%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s12-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 15560,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s12",
        "dna-2024-people-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.77456018550034,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s12-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s12",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s12-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s12",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s12",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s12",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s12",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s12",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s12-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.702992236563908,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s12",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.834483844523317,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.891133344274092,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s12-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.97011613244617,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s12",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.97465197424239,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.05384983877423,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG − Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s12",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG",
    "value": 2.5443086766150853,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4904588378408552,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.2–0.3%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€684m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€604m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.778448357680153,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.291033019007301,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7699794686367835,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.25667074095,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.3483265670070024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s12-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s12-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 12410,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.2–0.3%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, levies paid",
    "value": 18.971542922615303,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s12-insee-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s12-insee-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s12-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.0979729861104213,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.200032414053784,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.4747720610594295,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s12-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.6340305737630614,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.04748001029742,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 1.723542169362699,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG − Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s12-insee",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG",
    "value": 2.2140010072035543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4904588378408552,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.2–0.3%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s12-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€684m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€604m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.778448357680153,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.2–0.3%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.2–0.3%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s12-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s12-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.824371291477168,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.864236828547859,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 3.175411544556704,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s12-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
    "value": 2.686746629897104,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s12-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s13-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 7610,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s13-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s13-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, people",
    "value": 78339,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-4",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s13-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 5480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s13-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, people",
    "value": 78339,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-4",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s13-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 5520,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€5,520",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,480",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,860",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€7,610",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,520",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, people",
    "value": 78339,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-4",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s13-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 2010,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, people",
    "value": 78339,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-4",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s13-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 960,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s13-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s13-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1900,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€1,900",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,880",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€2,010",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€960",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,900",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s13-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 8500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s13-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 5310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s13-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s13-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s13-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 8010,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s13-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€8,010",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€7,960",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€8,500",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,310",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€8,010",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s13-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, received a month per person",
    "value": 3360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-people-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, transfers received",
    "value": 3.1555085053401384,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care + Top 0.04–0.2%, Education + Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-health-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-education-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-culture-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.29575447062179033,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.9523471198295919,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.8169311934065249,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.05646123733402454,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.18860289693369853,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care",
    "value": 0.22568412835940466,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Education",
    "value": 0.14086768076216633,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.04–0.2%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.06032086270195902,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.04932541771645135,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.3692134976745271,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s13-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, received a month per person",
    "value": 3270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2024-people-s13-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, transfers received",
    "value": 3.075453537446304,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care + Top 0.04–0.2%, Education + Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2024-health-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2024-education-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2024-culture-s13-pareto",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s13-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.2767843684832926,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8912622540742592,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.816931193406523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.05646123733402443,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.1886028969336982,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care",
    "value": 0.22568412835940413,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Education",
    "value": 0.14086768076216602,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.04–0.2%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.060320862701958876,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.04932541771645125,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s13-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.3692134976745263,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s13-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s13-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, received a month per person",
    "value": 3280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s13",
        "dna-2024-people-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€3,280",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,270",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,360",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,300",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€3,280",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, transfers received",
    "value": 3.0835901474002796,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care + Top 0.04–0.2%, Education + Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s13",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s13",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s13",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s13",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s13",
        "dna-2024-health-s13",
        "dna-2024-education-s13",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s13",
        "dna-2024-culture-s13",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.27871244772620296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8974707847853202,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.8169311934065249,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.05646123733402454,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.18860289693369853,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care",
    "value": 0.22568412835940466,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Education",
    "value": 0.14086768076216633,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.04–0.2%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.06032086270195902,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.04932541771645135,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.3692134976745271,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.04–0.2%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s13-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 26840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-people-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, levies paid",
    "value": 25.228268487037976,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s13-wid-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s13-wid-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s13-wid-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.868268154293869,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 3.0077998875208616,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.0067677122891325,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s13-wid-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.212871024009856,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 5.278829751487968,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.1794335945805203,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG − Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s13-wid",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG",
    "value": 2.699881802511451,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.5204482079309309,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.04–0.2%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s13-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€726m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€641m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.94833808062092,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-wid",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.55341054663481,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.8170602784114886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.516947168557912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s13-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.5530618003294543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s13-ipp-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 19800,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2024-people-s13-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, levies paid",
    "value": 18.61693420157323,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s13-ipp-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s13-ipp-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s13-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s13-ipp-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7029922365591554,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.8344838445183336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8911333442707674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s13-ipp-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 5.645122944081185,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 7.073476206176255,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 1.2343442648314544,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG − Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s13-ipp",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s13-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG",
    "value": 1.7248031026714472,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4904588378399927,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.04–0.2%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s13-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€684m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€604m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.778448357675267,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-ipp",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-ipp-key-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax",
    "value": 2.9089186909097373,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.5219739997368856,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 1.8034128755992807,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
    "value": 1.418577007744771,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-ipp-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-ipps2-ipps3-ipps4-ipps5-ipps6-ipps7-ipps8-ipps9-ipps10-ipps11-ipps12-ipps13-ipps14-ipp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s13-ipp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, people",
    "value": 78339,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-4",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s13-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 25290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04–0.2%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s13",
        "dna-2024-people-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€25,290",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€25,120",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€26,840",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€20,480",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€19,800",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.77456018545854,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s13-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s13",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s13-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s13",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s13",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s13",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s13",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s13",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s13-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7029922365591554,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s13",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.8344838445183336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8911333442707674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s13-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.9701161324391894,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s13",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.974651974233643,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.0538498387706188,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG − Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s13",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG",
    "value": 2.5443086766106116,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4904588378399927,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.04–0.2%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€684m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€604m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.778448357675267,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.04–0.2%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.04–0.2%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.291033018999757,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7699794686354297,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.256670740942515,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.348326567001115,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s13-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s14-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 78020,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, people",
    "value": 27208,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s14-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 15400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, people",
    "value": 27208,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-financial-s14-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, net financial income, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 15900,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Net financial income × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€15,900",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€15,400",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€25,590",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€78,020",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€15,900",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, people",
    "value": 27208,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s14-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 8790,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-people-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, people",
    "value": 27208,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages, as Insee counts them in its distributional accounts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × (upper percentile − lower percentile) ÷ 100) × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-2023-edge-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s14-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 1450,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-rents-s14-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, rents, actual and imputed, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 5460,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€5,460",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,290",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€8,790",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€1,450",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,460",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s14-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 215850,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s14-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 22340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-capital-retained-s14-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, profits kept in companies, monthly equivalent per resident, 2023 data",
    "value": 23080,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Profits kept in companies × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-insee-2023-retained-s14-top",
        "dna-2024-people-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€23,080",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€22,340",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€37,130",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€215,850",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€23,080",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s14-wid-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, received a month per person",
    "value": 7830,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s14-wid",
        "dna-2024-people-s14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, transfers received",
    "value": 2.5552795496952414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04%, Pensions + Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04%, Health care + Top 0.04%, Education + Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s14-wid",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s14-wid",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s14-wid",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s14-wid",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s14-wid",
        "dna-2024-health-s14-wid",
        "dna-2024-education-s14-wid",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s14-wid",
        "dna-2024-culture-s14-wid",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.4485299632500551,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.4442933618565938,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.28372611523446356,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.04%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.019609396310739397,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.06550315093958657,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Health care",
    "value": 0.0783817309539627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.04%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Education",
    "value": 0.04892436492487935,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.04%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.020949872131399483,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.017131074518832477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s14-wid",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.12823051957472914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.04%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s14-wid-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-wids2-wids3-wids4-wids5-wids6-wids7-wids8-wids9-wids10-wids11-wids12-wids13-wids14-wid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s14-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, received a month per person",
    "value": 4560,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, transfers received",
    "value": 1.4882929171398795,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04%, Pensions + Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04%, Health care + Top 0.04%, Education + Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-health-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-education-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-culture-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.07056136518041296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.5102112479050321,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.48103542034639674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.04%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.012893107467224567,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.14133126508029834,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Health care",
    "value": 0.07564440540534158,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.04%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Education",
    "value": 0.05454317806779717,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.04%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.018903810002755643,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.017131074518832477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.1060380431657882,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.04%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-s14-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, received a month per person",
    "value": 5630,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-s14",
        "dna-2024-people-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€5,630",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,520",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€7,830",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€4,560",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€5,630",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, transfers received",
    "value": 1.838639457095777,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production + Top 0.04%, Pensions + Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits + Top 0.04%, Health care + Top 0.04%, Education + Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure + Top 0.04%, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s14",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s14",
        "dna-2024-pensions-s14",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s14",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s14",
        "dna-2024-health-s14",
        "dna-2024-education-s14",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s14",
        "dna-2024-culture-s14",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.27871244772517484,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products ÷ All groups, Subsidies on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_products-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.8974707847820097,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production ÷ All groups, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-subsidies_production-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-pensions-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pensions",
    "value": 0.28372611523446356,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × Top 0.04%, Pensions ÷ All groups, Pensions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-pensions-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.019609396310739397,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits ÷ All groups, Unemployment benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-insee-2023-unemployment_benefits-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_cash-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.06550315093958657,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits ÷ All groups, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_cash-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-other_cash-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-health-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Health care",
    "value": 0.0783817309539627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × Top 0.04%, Health care ÷ All groups, Health care",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-insee-2023-health-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-health-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-education-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Education",
    "value": 0.04892436492487935,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × Top 0.04%, Education ÷ All groups, Education",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-insee-2023-education-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-education-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 0.020949872131399483,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid ÷ All groups, Social care and housing aid",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_in_kind-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-culture-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 0.017131074518832477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure ÷ All groups, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-insee-2023-culture-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-culture-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-collective_and_other-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Collective services",
    "value": 0.12823051957472914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × Top 0.04%, Collective services ÷ All groups, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "dna-insee-2023-collective_and_other-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s14-insee-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170140,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-people-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, levies paid",
    "value": 55.549063657507176,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.04%, Income tax + Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s14-insee-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s14-insee-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s14-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 1.1076956607659698,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 1.161581381040525,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.04%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.7861413585141435,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.04%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s14-insee-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 37.13663364556602,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 46.53310425148785,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.04%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 1.010288525154572,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, CSG − Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s14-insee",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG",
    "value": 1.5007473629927557,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.04%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.49045883783818367,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.04%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€684m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€604m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.778448357665019,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.04%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-insee",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-insee-key-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Income tax",
    "value": 10.232236717409181,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.04%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.716228553290008,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 1.549984678242686,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.04%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s14-insee",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
    "value": 1.519395680726409,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.04%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-insee-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-insees2-insees3-insees4-insees5-insees6-insees7-insees8-insees9-insees10-insees11-insees12-insees13-insees14-insee"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s14-pareto-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 70500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2024-people-s14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.0176779817862,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.04%, Income tax + Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s14-pareto-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s14-pareto-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s14-pareto-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.6169403094338133,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7442457765256014,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.04%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8309275965351948,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.04%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s14-pareto-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.8437242991638207,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.816279936248945,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.04%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 1.9884638808452393,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, CSG − Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s14-pareto",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG",
    "value": 2.463308567967022,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.04%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4748446871217827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.04%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€663m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€585m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.6899942243772186,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.04%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares-pareto",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.154424539090304,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.04%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7454665543077991,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.121156211732307,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.04%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s14-pareto",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.241729903555937,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.04%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-pareto-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1-paretos2-paretos3-paretos4-paretos5-paretos6-paretos7-paretos8-paretos9-paretos10-paretos11-paretos12-paretos13-paretos14-pareto"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-s14-pp",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, paid a month per person",
    "value": 72820,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ Top 0.04%, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-s14",
        "dna-2024-people-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€72,820",
        "source": "Central",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€70,500",
        "source": "a strict Pareto tail above P95",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€117,180",
        "source": "a tail as concentrated as WID's ranking by own income",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€170,140",
        "source": "each item along Insee's V19 to V20 gradient",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      },
      {
        "value": "€78,490",
        "source": "personal taxes, contributions and corporate tax along IPP's rates",
        "why": "The same computation under this alternative assumption; see the note under the chart."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, levies paid",
    "value": 23.77456018537084,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04%, Corporate tax + Top 0.04%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income + Top 0.04%, Income tax + Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth + Top 0.04%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s14-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s14",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s14-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s14",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s14",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s14",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s14",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s14",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s14-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.7029922365491843,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s14",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products",
    "value": 2.8344838445078775,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × Top 0.04%, Taxes on products ÷ All groups, Taxes on products",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_products-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_production-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.8911333442637914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × Top 0.04%, Taxes on production ÷ All groups, Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-insee-2023-taxes_production-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s14-resident",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 3.970116132424545,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s14",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.974651974215293,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × Top 0.04%, Corporate tax ÷ All groups, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-corporate_tax-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 2.053849838763043,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, CSG − Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-s14",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG",
    "value": 2.5443086766012266,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × Top 0.04%, CSG ÷ All groups, CSG",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-insee-2023-csg-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-csg-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.49045883783818367,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × Top 0.04%, share of the CSG on capital income ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "dna-2024-csg-key-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€684m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by financial income alone",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      },
      {
        "value": "€604m",
        "source": "the CSG on capital income by all capital income",
        "why": "The same computation with another key for the CSG on capital income."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-key-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, share of the CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.778448357665019,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the CSG on capital income: of the CSG on investment income, its share of net financial income; of the CSG on property income, its share of rents, actual and imputed (an allocation scenario).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(CSG on income from investments, 2024 × Top 0.04%, Net financial income ÷ All groups, Net financial income + CSG on income from property, 2024 × Top 0.04%, Rents, actual and imputed ÷ All groups, Rents, actual and imputed) ÷ (CSG on income from investments, 2024 + CSG on income from property, 2024) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-ccss-csg-investments-2024",
        "dna-ccss-csg-property-2024",
        "dna-insee-2023-financial-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-financial-groups-shares",
        "dna-insee-2023-rents-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-rents-groups-shares"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-income_tax-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Income tax",
    "value": 4.291033018983928,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × Top 0.04%, Income tax ÷ All groups, Income tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-insee-2023-income_tax-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-income_tax-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.7699794686325895,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth ÷ All groups, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-insee-2023-other_income_taxes-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Pension contributions",
    "value": 4.256670740926813,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × Top 0.04%, Pension contributions ÷ All groups, Pension contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_pensions-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-contrib_others-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.3483265669887645,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × Top 0.04%, Other contributions ÷ All groups, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "dna-insee-2023-contrib_others-s14-top",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others-groups-s1s2s3s4s5s6s7s8s9s10s11s12s13s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, levies through companies",
    "value": 88.920422273649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Taxes on products + Bottom 33%, Taxes on production + Bottom 33%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s1-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s1",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s1-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, levies through companies",
    "value": 58.49056477683406,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on products + Bottom 33–49%, Taxes on production + Bottom 33–49%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s2-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s2",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s2-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, levies through companies",
    "value": 54.39668665411708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Taxes on production + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s3-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s3",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s3-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, levies through companies",
    "value": 49.705106479399866,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Taxes on products + Top 29–39%, Taxes on production + Top 29–39%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s4-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s4",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s4-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, levies through companies",
    "value": 46.70951392223774,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Taxes on products + Top 20–29%, Taxes on production + Top 20–29%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s5-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s5",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s5-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, levies through companies",
    "value": 43.112613386052985,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Taxes on products + Top 13–20%, Taxes on production + Top 13–20%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s6-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s6",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s6-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, levies through companies",
    "value": 39.73407145513502,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on products + Top 7.9–13%, Taxes on production + Top 7.9–13%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s7-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s7",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s7-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, levies through companies",
    "value": 39.14274436076296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Taxes on production + Top 3.5–7.9%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s8-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s8",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s8-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, levies through companies",
    "value": 42.821208566298175,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Taxes on production + Top 0.9–3.5%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s9-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s9",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s9-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, levies through companies",
    "value": 8.564241713266888,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Taxes on production + Top 0.6–0.9%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s10-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s10",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s10-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, levies through companies",
    "value": 8.564241713248355,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Taxes on production + Top 0.3–0.6%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s11-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s11-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, levies through companies",
    "value": 8.56424171328417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Taxes on production + Top 0.2–0.3%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s12-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s12",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s12-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, levies through companies",
    "value": 8.564241713269112,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04–0.2%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s13-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s13",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s13-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, levies through companies",
    "value": 8.564241713237521,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Taxes on products + Top 0.04%, Taxes on production + Top 0.04%, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-s14-resident",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production-s14",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-s14-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-s1",
    "label": "Bottom 33%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 19.086096298633812,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 33%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s1",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-s2",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 12.160512703491216,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on products + Bottom 33–49%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s2",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-s3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 11.093489835471148,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on products + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s3",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-s4",
    "label": "Top 29–39%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 10.176798566314407,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Subsidies on products + Top 29–39%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s4",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-s5",
    "label": "Top 20–29%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 9.561598203804369,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Subsidies on products + Top 20–29%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s5",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-s6",
    "label": "Top 13–20%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 8.909277520726816,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Subsidies on products + Top 13–20%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s6",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-s7",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 8.270311000486496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on products + Top 7.9–13%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s7",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-s8",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 6.994098579916068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 3.5–7.9%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s8",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-s9",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 5.880916162551108,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.9–3.5%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s9",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-s10",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 1.1761832325112178,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.6–0.9%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s10",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-s11",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 1.1761832325086725,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.3–0.6%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s11",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-s12",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 1.1761832325135912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.2–0.3%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s12",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-s13",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 1.1761832325115231,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04–0.2%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s13",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-s14",
    "label": "Top 0.04%, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 1.1761832325071846,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Subsidies on products + Top 0.04%, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products-s14",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-l-kind-2",
    "label": "Taxes on products and production, 2024",
    "value": 456.13300000000004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-l-kind-capital",
    "label": "Taxes on capital, 2024",
    "value": 98.86886837008326,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax + CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 266.81413162991674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on earnings and benefits + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest",
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 483.631,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-subsidies",
    "label": "Subsidies, 2024",
    "value": 98.0140150339476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4",
    "label": "Cash benefits, 2024",
    "value": 579.5973723816254,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2024-other_cash"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5",
    "label": "Transfers in kind, 2024",
    "value": 566.2949276183746,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2024-culture"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s1-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Bottom 33% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 18.157002465300046,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 33%, Income tax + Bottom 33%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s1",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s1",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s1-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Bottom 33% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 46.70533683919111,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Pension contributions + Bottom 33%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s1",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s2-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 18.77102872506722,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Income tax + Bottom 33–49%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s2",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s2",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s2-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Bottom 33–49% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 50.363889875802755,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Pension contributions + Bottom 33–49%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s2",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s2"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s3-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 20.859378524904354,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, CSG on earnings and benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Income tax + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s3",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s3",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s3"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s3-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 50.80235215514406,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pension contributions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s3",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s3"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s4-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 29–39% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 22.56371892969288,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 29–39%, Income tax + Top 29–39%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s4",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s4",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s4"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s4-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 29–39% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 52.58255269845774,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Pension contributions + Top 29–39%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s4",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s4"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s5-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 20–29% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 24.430806261718843,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 20–29%, Income tax + Top 20–29%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s5",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s5",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s5"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s5-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 20–29% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 53.170390002066796,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Pension contributions + Top 20–29%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s5",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s5"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s6-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 13–20% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 26.77868683348619,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 13–20%, Income tax + Top 13–20%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s6",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s6",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s6"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s6-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 13–20% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 53.4403552423685,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Pension contributions + Top 13–20%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s6",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s6"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s7-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 30.518607180602434,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Income tax + Top 7.9–13%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s7",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s7",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s7"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s7-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 7.9–13% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 53.808293260497855,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Pension contributions + Top 7.9–13%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s7",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s7"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s8-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 33.58627944515887,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Income tax + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s8",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s8",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s8"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s8-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 3.5–7.9% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 46.70785684711201,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pension contributions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s8",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s8"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s9-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 35.574311631989666,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Income tax + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s9",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s9",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s9"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s9-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 0.9–3.5% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 38.02498653967608,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pension contributions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s9",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s9"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s10-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 7.1148623264039585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Income tax + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s10",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s10",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s10"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s10-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 0.6–0.9% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 7.604997307941656,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pension contributions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s10",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s10"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s11-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 7.114862326388561,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Income tax + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s11",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s11",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s11"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s11-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 0.3–0.6% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 7.604997307925197,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pension contributions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s11",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s11"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
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  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s12-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 7.114862326418315,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Income tax + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s12",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s12",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s12-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 0.2–0.3% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 7.604997307957002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pension contributions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s12",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s13-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 7.114862326405805,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Income tax + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s13",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s13",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s13-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 0.04–0.2% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 7.604997307943631,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s13",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s14-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Top 0.04% → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 7.11486232637956,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, CSG on earnings and benefits + Top 0.04%, Income tax + Top 0.04%, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-s14",
        "dna-2024-income_tax-s14",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-s14-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Top 0.04% → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 7.6049973079155775,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Pension contributions + Top 0.04%, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions-s14",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-p-abroad-gov",
    "label": "Outside France → General government, 2024",
    "value": 135.357247531415,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Lenders outside France + International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-bw-abroad",
        "dna-2024-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2024-row-d9rec_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-co-in-l-kind-2",
    "label": "Through companies → Taxes on products and production, 2024",
    "value": 456.13300000000004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-l-kind-2-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on products and production → General government, 2024",
    "value": 456.13300000000004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-l-kind-capital-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on capital → General government, 2024",
    "value": 98.86886837008326,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax + CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-l-kind-3-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on income and wealth → General government, 2024",
    "value": 266.81413162991674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on earnings and benefits + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest",
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-l-kind-1-gov",
    "label": "Social contributions → General government, 2024",
    "value": 483.631,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-gov-t-kind-subsidies",
    "label": "General government → Subsidies, 2024",
    "value": 98.0140150339476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-gov-t-kind-4",
    "label": "General government → Cash benefits, 2024",
    "value": 579.5973723816254,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2024-other_cash"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-gov-t-kind-5",
    "label": "General government → Transfers in kind, 2024",
    "value": 566.2949276183746,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2024-culture"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-subsidies-co-out",
    "label": "Subsidies → Through companies, 2024",
    "value": 98.0140150339476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s1",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Bottom 33%, 2024",
    "value": 157.73659989158983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Pensions + Bottom 33%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 33%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-s1",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s1",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s1",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Bottom 33%, 2024",
    "value": 234.24869487906514,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33%, Health care + Bottom 33%, Education + Bottom 33%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 33%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-s1",
        "dna-2024-education-s1",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s1",
        "dna-2024-culture-s1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s2",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Bottom 33–49%, 2024",
    "value": 85.41861160322485,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Pensions + Bottom 33–49%, Unemployment benefits + Bottom 33–49%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-s2",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s2",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s2",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Bottom 33–49%, 2024",
    "value": 91.62808774295691,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Bottom 33–49%, Health care + Bottom 33–49%, Education + Bottom 33–49%, Social care and housing aid + Bottom 33–49%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-s2",
        "dna-2024-education-s2",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s2",
        "dna-2024-culture-s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s3",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, 2024",
    "value": 71.33328827138664,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Pensions + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Unemployment benefits + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-s3",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s3",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s3",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, 2024",
    "value": 65.64002022812636,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Health care + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Education + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Social care and housing aid + Middle, 49–61% from the bottom, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-s3",
        "dna-2024-education-s3",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s3",
        "dna-2024-culture-s3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s4",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 29–39%, 2024",
    "value": 60.017557008207724,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Pensions + Top 29–39%, Unemployment benefits + Top 29–39%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-s4",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s4",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s4",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 29–39%, 2024",
    "value": 51.05554194002334,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 29–39%, Health care + Top 29–39%, Education + Top 29–39%, Social care and housing aid + Top 29–39%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-s4",
        "dna-2024-education-s4",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s4",
        "dna-2024-culture-s4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s5",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 20–29%, 2024",
    "value": 51.664711480550906,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Pensions + Top 20–29%, Unemployment benefits + Top 20–29%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-s5",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s5",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s5",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 20–29%, 2024",
    "value": 35.54753777527476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 20–29%, Health care + Top 20–29%, Education + Top 20–29%, Social care and housing aid + Top 20–29%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-s5",
        "dna-2024-education-s5",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s5",
        "dna-2024-culture-s5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s6",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 13–20%, 2024",
    "value": 44.578247233977294,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Pensions + Top 13–20%, Unemployment benefits + Top 13–20%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-s6",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s6",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s6",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 13–20%, 2024",
    "value": 31.27566591628166,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 13–20%, Health care + Top 13–20%, Education + Top 13–20%, Social care and housing aid + Top 13–20%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-s6",
        "dna-2024-education-s6",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s6",
        "dna-2024-culture-s6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s7",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 7.9–13%, 2024",
    "value": 40.29709264179713,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Pensions + Top 7.9–13%, Unemployment benefits + Top 7.9–13%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-s7",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s7",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s7",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 7.9–13%, 2024",
    "value": 24.20347696237991,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 7.9–13%, Health care + Top 7.9–13%, Education + Top 7.9–13%, Social care and housing aid + Top 7.9–13%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-s7",
        "dna-2024-education-s7",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s7",
        "dna-2024-culture-s7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s8",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 3.5–7.9%, 2024",
    "value": 35.89737721453647,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Pensions + Top 3.5–7.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 3.5–7.9%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-s8",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s8",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s8",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 3.5–7.9%, 2024",
    "value": 18.053918148950608,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 3.5–7.9%, Health care + Top 3.5–7.9%, Education + Top 3.5–7.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 3.5–7.9%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-s8",
        "dna-2024-education-s8",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s8",
        "dna-2024-culture-s8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s9",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 0.9–3.5%, 2024",
    "value": 24.118305762231522,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Pensions + Top 0.9–3.5%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.9–3.5%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-s9",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s9",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s9",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 0.9–3.5%, 2024",
    "value": 10.81463432806991,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.9–3.5%, Health care + Top 0.9–3.5%, Education + Top 0.9–3.5%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.9–3.5%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-s9",
        "dna-2024-education-s9",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s9",
        "dna-2024-culture-s9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s10",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 0.6–0.9%, 2024",
    "value": 3.0052078481632076,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Pensions + Top 0.6–0.9%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.6–0.9%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-s10",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s10",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s10",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 0.6–0.9%, 2024",
    "value": 1.3475334577035347,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.6–0.9%, Health care + Top 0.6–0.9%, Education + Top 0.6–0.9%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.6–0.9%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-s10",
        "dna-2024-education-s10",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s10",
        "dna-2024-culture-s10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s11",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 0.3–0.6%, 2024",
    "value": 2.373019442984819,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Pensions + Top 0.3–0.6%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.3–0.6%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-s11",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s11",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s11",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 0.3–0.6%, 2024",
    "value": 1.0640605431526167,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.3–0.6%, Health care + Top 0.3–0.6%, Education + Top 0.3–0.6%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.3–0.6%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-s11",
        "dna-2024-education-s11",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s11",
        "dna-2024-culture-s11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s12",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 0.2–0.3%, 2024",
    "value": 1.7265199928160104,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Pensions + Top 0.2–0.3%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.2–0.3%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-s12",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s12",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s12",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 0.2–0.3%, 2024",
    "value": 0.7741705643207444,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.2–0.3%, Health care + Top 0.2–0.3%, Education + Top 0.2–0.3%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.2–0.3%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-s12",
        "dna-2024-education-s12",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s12",
        "dna-2024-culture-s12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s13",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 0.04–0.2%, 2024",
    "value": 1.061995327674248,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Pensions + Top 0.04–0.2%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04–0.2%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-s13",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s13",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s13",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 0.04–0.2%, 2024",
    "value": 0.47619808953998133,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04–0.2%, Health care + Top 0.04–0.2%, Education + Top 0.04–0.2%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04–0.2%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-s13",
        "dna-2024-education-s13",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s13",
        "dna-2024-culture-s13"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-4-r-s14",
    "label": "Cash benefits → Top 0.04%, 2024",
    "value": 0.3688386624847895,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Pensions + Top 0.04%, Unemployment benefits + Top 0.04%, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions-s14",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits-s14",
        "dna-2024-other_cash-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-t-kind-5-r-s14",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → Top 0.04%, 2024",
    "value": 0.16538704252907402,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Top 0.04%, Health care + Top 0.04%, Education + Top 0.04%, Social care and housing aid + Top 0.04%, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health-s14",
        "dna-2024-education-s14",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind-s14",
        "dna-2024-culture-s14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-shares-kind-gov-r-abroad",
    "label": "General government → Outside France, 2024",
    "value": 63.88975707769424,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Lenders outside France + EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) + International cooperation paid + Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-int-abroad",
        "dna-2024-row-d76pay",
        "dna-2024-row-d74pay",
        "dna-2024-row-d9pay_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-a18-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-r--a18",
        "dna-age-people-a18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-r--a18",
    "label": "18–29, receives",
    "value": 86.51335951068484,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Cash benefits + 18–29, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a18",
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a18",
    "label": "18–29, Cash benefits",
    "value": 16.58325175080889,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 18–29, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a18",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-cash_total",
    "label": "Cash benefits",
    "value": 550.2444525936396,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the year's items of this kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2023-other_cash"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a18",
    "label": "18–29, Cash benefits",
    "value": 17.847706851997337,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Cash benefits, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-cash_total-18-29-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a18",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-cash_total-18-29-ans",
    "label": "18–29, Cash benefits, per unit",
    "value": 4200,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column B (18-29 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-units-a18",
    "label": "18–29, consumption units, millions",
    "value": 4.2499644426163306,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.777 units per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-18-29-ans",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-tc-consumption_units-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Units per person calibrated on Figure 1e: by least squares, the groups' per-unit amounts, weighted by their units, average to Insee's per-unit amounts for everyone on extended primary income, levies, cash benefits, non-cash transfers and income net of borrowing, each cell weighted by its rounding (±€50); the 30–39 and 40–49 share one ratio. Shares of individuals are rounded to the point, which this cannot correct."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-share_individuals-18-29-ans",
    "label": "18–29, share of individuals",
    "value": 8,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's share of all individuals. Insee ranks people by the average age of the adults of their household; children count in their household's group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column B (18-29 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-tc-consumption_units-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee",
    "value": 47,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of consumption units, in millions: the first adult of a household counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Tableau complémentaire”, row 58 “Nombre d'unités de consommation (en millions)”, column B (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-18-29 ans",
    "label": "18-29 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee",
    "value": 8,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column B (18-29 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-30-39 ans",
    "label": "30-39 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee",
    "value": 20,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column C (30-39 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-40-49 ans",
    "label": "40-49 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee",
    "value": 25,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column D (40-49 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-50-64 ans",
    "label": "50-64 ans, Part d'individus (en %), Insee",
    "value": 26,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column E (50-64 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-65 ans ou plus",
    "label": "65 ans ou plus, Part d'individus (en %), Insee",
    "value": 21,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column F (65 ans ou plus)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Part d'individus (en %), Insee",
    "value": 100,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column G (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-primary-18-29 ans",
    "label": "18-29 ans, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 41400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column B (18-29 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-primary-30-39 ans",
    "label": "30-39 ans, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 53500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column C (30-39 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-primary-40-49 ans",
    "label": "40-49 ans, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 54300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column D (40-49 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-primary-50-64 ans",
    "label": "50-64 ans, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 57100,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column E (50-64 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-primary-65 ans ou plus",
    "label": "65 ans ou plus, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 16000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column F (65 ans ou plus)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-primary-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Extended primary income, Insee",
    "value": 44300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Income before any public transfer: labour income with all social contributions, property and self-employment income, retained profits attributed to owners and a share of public bodies' primary income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 5 “Revenu primaire élargi (avant transferts publics)”, column G (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-18-29 ans",
    "label": "18-29 ans, Prélèvements, Insee",
    "value": 23200,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column B (18-29 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-30-39 ans",
    "label": "30-39 ans, Prélèvements, Insee",
    "value": 30600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column C (30-39 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-40-49 ans",
    "label": "40-49 ans, Prélèvements, Insee",
    "value": 31500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column D (40-49 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-50-64 ans",
    "label": "50-64 ans, Prélèvements, Insee",
    "value": 33800,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column E (50-64 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-65 ans ou plus",
    "label": "65 ans ou plus, Prélèvements, Insee",
    "value": 14600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column F (65 ans ou plus)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Prélèvements, Insee",
    "value": 27000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column G (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-18-29 ans",
    "label": "18-29 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee",
    "value": 4200,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column B (18-29 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-30-39 ans",
    "label": "30-39 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee",
    "value": 5400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column C (30-39 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-40-49 ans",
    "label": "40-49 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee",
    "value": 5600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column D (40-49 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-50-64 ans",
    "label": "50-64 ans, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee",
    "value": 10600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column E (50-64 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-65 ans ou plus",
    "label": "65 ans ou plus, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee",
    "value": 28700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column F (65 ans ou plus)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Prestations sociales en espèces, Insee",
    "value": 12600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column G (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-18-29 ans",
    "label": "18-29 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee",
    "value": 14000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column B (18-29 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-30-39 ans",
    "label": "30-39 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee",
    "value": 15400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column C (30-39 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-40-49 ans",
    "label": "40-49 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee",
    "value": 16000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column D (40-49 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-50-64 ans",
    "label": "50-64 ans, Transferts non monétaires, Insee",
    "value": 13600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column E (50-64 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-65 ans ou plus",
    "label": "65 ans ou plus, Transferts non monétaires, Insee",
    "value": 19100,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column F (65 ans ou plus)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Transferts non monétaires, Insee",
    "value": 15800,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column G (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-18-29 ans",
    "label": "18-29 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee",
    "value": 35400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column B (18-29 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-30-39 ans",
    "label": "30-39 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee",
    "value": 42400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column C (30-39 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-40-49 ans",
    "label": "40-49 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee",
    "value": 43100,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column D (40-49 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-50-64 ans",
    "label": "50-64 ans, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee",
    "value": 46100,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column E (50-64 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-65 ans ou plus",
    "label": "65 ans ou plus, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee",
    "value": 47700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column F (65 ans ou plus)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement, Insee",
    "value": 44300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "A row of Insee's distributional accounts, read as published.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 10 “Niveau de vie élargi net de l'endettement”, column G (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee ranks individuals by the survey-based living standard of their household and cuts them into twenty groups of 5% each; D1 to D9 join two of them, P90–95 is the nineteenth and the top 5% the twentieth. Distributional accounts are Insee's imputation of national accounts to households; they are not a measurement. Insee prints levies as negative amounts; they are shown here as amounts paid."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-scale-cash_total",
    "label": "Cash benefits, scale to everyone",
    "value": 99.98798977631687,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a18",
        "dna-age-cash_total-18-29-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a30",
        "dna-age-cash_total-30-39-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a40",
        "dna-age-cash_total-40-49-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a50",
        "dna-age-cash_total-50-64-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a65",
        "dna-age-cash_total-65-ans-ou-plus"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total",
    "label": "Cash benefits",
    "value": 592.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit for everyone times all units.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Everyone, Cash benefits, per unit × Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee ÷ 1000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-cash_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-tc-consumption_units-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-cash_total-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Cash benefits, per unit",
    "value": 12600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column G (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-units-a30",
    "label": "30–39, consumption units, millions",
    "value": 7.873325894515426,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.576 units per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-30-39-ans",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-tc-consumption_units-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Units per person calibrated on Figure 1e: by least squares, the groups' per-unit amounts, weighted by their units, average to Insee's per-unit amounts for everyone on extended primary income, levies, cash benefits, non-cash transfers and income net of borrowing, each cell weighted by its rounding (±€50); the 30–39 and 40–49 share one ratio. Shares of individuals are rounded to the point, which this cannot correct."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-share_individuals-30-39-ans",
    "label": "30–39, share of individuals",
    "value": 20,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's share of all individuals. Insee ranks people by the average age of the adults of their household; children count in their household's group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column C (30-39 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-cash_total-30-39-ans",
    "label": "30–39, Cash benefits, per unit",
    "value": 5400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column C (30-39 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-units-a40",
    "label": "40–49, consumption units, millions",
    "value": 9.841657368144281,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.576 units per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-40-49-ans",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-tc-consumption_units-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Units per person calibrated on Figure 1e: by least squares, the groups' per-unit amounts, weighted by their units, average to Insee's per-unit amounts for everyone on extended primary income, levies, cash benefits, non-cash transfers and income net of borrowing, each cell weighted by its rounding (±€50); the 30–39 and 40–49 share one ratio. Shares of individuals are rounded to the point, which this cannot correct."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-share_individuals-40-49-ans",
    "label": "40–49, share of individuals",
    "value": 25,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's share of all individuals. Insee ranks people by the average age of the adults of their household; children count in their household's group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column D (40-49 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-cash_total-40-49-ans",
    "label": "40–49, Cash benefits, per unit",
    "value": 5600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column D (40-49 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-units-a50",
    "label": "50–64, consumption units, millions",
    "value": 13.354363263271079,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.751 units per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-50-64-ans",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-tc-consumption_units-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Units per person calibrated on Figure 1e: by least squares, the groups' per-unit amounts, weighted by their units, average to Insee's per-unit amounts for everyone on extended primary income, levies, cash benefits, non-cash transfers and income net of borrowing, each cell weighted by its rounding (±€50); the 30–39 and 40–49 share one ratio. Shares of individuals are rounded to the point, which this cannot correct."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-share_individuals-50-64-ans",
    "label": "50–64, share of individuals",
    "value": 26,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's share of all individuals. Insee ranks people by the average age of the adults of their household; children count in their household's group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column E (50-64 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-cash_total-50-64-ans",
    "label": "50–64, Cash benefits, per unit",
    "value": 10600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column E (50-64 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-units-a65",
    "label": "65 and over, consumption units, millions",
    "value": 11.680689573039766,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.813 units per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-65-ans-ou-plus",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-tc-consumption_units-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-share_individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-primary-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-levies_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-cash_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-noncash_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-18-29 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-30-39 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-40-49 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-50-64 ans",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-65 ans ou plus",
        "dna-cell-f1e-after_net-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Units per person calibrated on Figure 1e: by least squares, the groups' per-unit amounts, weighted by their units, average to Insee's per-unit amounts for everyone on extended primary income, levies, cash benefits, non-cash transfers and income net of borrowing, each cell weighted by its rounding (±€50); the 30–39 and 40–49 share one ratio. Shares of individuals are rounded to the point, which this cannot correct."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-share_individuals-65-ans-ou-plus",
    "label": "65 and over, share of individuals",
    "value": 21,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's share of all individuals. Insee ranks people by the average age of the adults of their household; children count in their household's group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 4 “Part d'individus (en %)”, column F (65 ans ou plus)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-cash_total-65-ans-ou-plus",
    "label": "65 and over, Cash benefits, per unit",
    "value": 28700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 7 “Prestations sociales en espèces”, column F (65 ans ou plus)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a18",
    "label": "18–29, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 69.93010775987595,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 18–29, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a18",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-noncash_total",
    "label": "Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 873.1766677749346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the year's items of this kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure + Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a18",
    "label": "18–29, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 59.47261297626555,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-noncash_total-18-29-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a18",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-noncash_total-18-29-ans",
    "label": "18–29, Non-cash transfers, per unit",
    "value": 14000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column B (18-29 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-scale-noncash_total",
    "label": "Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone",
    "value": 99.95480765490406,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a18",
        "dna-age-noncash_total-18-29-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a30",
        "dna-age-noncash_total-30-39-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a40",
        "dna-age-noncash_total-40-49-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a50",
        "dna-age-noncash_total-50-64-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a65",
        "dna-age-noncash_total-65-ans-ou-plus"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total",
    "label": "Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 742.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit for everyone times all units.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Everyone, Non-cash transfers, per unit × Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee ÷ 1000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-noncash_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-tc-consumption_units-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-noncash_total-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Non-cash transfers, per unit",
    "value": 15800,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column G (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-noncash_total-30-39-ans",
    "label": "30–39, Non-cash transfers, per unit",
    "value": 15400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column C (30-39 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-noncash_total-40-49-ans",
    "label": "40–49, Non-cash transfers, per unit",
    "value": 16000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column D (40-49 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-noncash_total-50-64-ans",
    "label": "50–64, Non-cash transfers, per unit",
    "value": 13600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column E (50-64 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-noncash_total-65-ans-ou-plus",
    "label": "65 and over, Non-cash transfers, per unit",
    "value": 19100,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 8 “Transferts non monétaires”, column F (65 ans ou plus)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-people-a18",
    "label": "18–29, people",
    "value": 5472000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages living in a household of this age, as Insee counts them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-18-29-ans",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-a18-pp-even",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1190,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-r--a18-even",
        "dna-age-people-a18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-r--a18-even",
    "label": "18–29, receives",
    "value": 78.043881722336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Cash benefits + 18–29, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a18-even",
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a18-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a18-even",
    "label": "18–29, Cash benefits",
    "value": 15.93948927247719,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 18–29, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a18-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a18-even",
    "label": "18–29, Cash benefits",
    "value": 17.15485817742909,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Cash benefits, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-cash_total-18-29-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a18-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-cash_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-units-a18-even",
    "label": "18–29, consumption units, millions",
    "value": 3.7600000000000002,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.687 units per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-18-29-ans",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-tc-consumption_units-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "As if every group had the same units per person as everyone: the alternative to the calibration."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-scale-cash_total-even",
    "label": "Cash benefits, scale to everyone",
    "value": 108.63005431502717,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a18-even",
        "dna-age-cash_total-18-29-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a30-even",
        "dna-age-cash_total-30-39-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a40-even",
        "dna-age-cash_total-40-49-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a50-even",
        "dna-age-cash_total-50-64-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a65-even",
        "dna-age-cash_total-65-ans-ou-plus"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-units-a30-even",
    "label": "30–39, consumption units, millions",
    "value": 9.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.687 units per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-30-39-ans",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-tc-consumption_units-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "As if every group had the same units per person as everyone: the alternative to the calibration."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-units-a40-even",
    "label": "40–49, consumption units, millions",
    "value": 11.75,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.687 units per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-40-49-ans",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-tc-consumption_units-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "As if every group had the same units per person as everyone: the alternative to the calibration."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-units-a50-even",
    "label": "50–64, consumption units, millions",
    "value": 12.22,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.687 units per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-50-64-ans",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-tc-consumption_units-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "As if every group had the same units per person as everyone: the alternative to the calibration."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-units-a65-even",
    "label": "65 and over, consumption units, millions",
    "value": 9.870000000000001,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's consumption units: its individuals times its units per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 0.687 units per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-65-ans-ou-plus",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-tc-consumption_units-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "As if every group had the same units per person as everyone: the alternative to the calibration."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a18-even",
    "label": "18–29, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 62.10439244985881,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 18–29, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a18-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a18-even",
    "label": "18–29, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 52.81717152473487,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-noncash_total-18-29-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a18-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-noncash_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-scale-noncash_total-even",
    "label": "Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone",
    "value": 100.33657204546897,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a18-even",
        "dna-age-noncash_total-18-29-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a30-even",
        "dna-age-noncash_total-30-39-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a40-even",
        "dna-age-noncash_total-40-49-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a50-even",
        "dna-age-noncash_total-50-64-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a65-even",
        "dna-age-noncash_total-65-ans-ou-plus"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-a18-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a18",
        "dna-age-people-a18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a18",
    "label": "18–29, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 90.71599291457164,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 18–29, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a18",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-levies_total",
    "label": "Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 1169.7959203685741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy of the year, net of subsidies on products and production.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies − Subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies-gross",
        "dna-age-2023-subsidies"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-levies-gross",
    "label": "Levies",
    "value": 1266.9789999999998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the year's items of this kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production + Corporate tax + CSG + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth + Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-subsidies",
    "label": "Subsidies",
    "value": 97.18307963142578,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the year's items of this kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a18",
    "label": "18–29, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 98.409126758042,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-levies_total-18-29-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a18",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-levies_total-18-29-ans",
    "label": "18–29, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit",
    "value": 23200,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column B (18-29 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-scale-levies_total",
    "label": "Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone",
    "value": 99.80725162200957,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a18",
        "dna-age-levies_total-18-29-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a30",
        "dna-age-levies_total-30-39-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a40",
        "dna-age-levies_total-40-49-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a50",
        "dna-age-levies_total-50-64-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a65",
        "dna-age-levies_total-65-ans-ou-plus"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total",
    "label": "Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 1269,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit for everyone times all units.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Everyone, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × Everyone, Consumption units, millions, Insee ÷ 1000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-levies_total-ensemble",
        "dna-cell-tc-consumption_units-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-levies_total-ensemble",
    "label": "Everyone, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit",
    "value": 27000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column G (Ensemble)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-levies_total-30-39-ans",
    "label": "30–39, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit",
    "value": 30600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column C (30-39 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-levies_total-40-49-ans",
    "label": "40–49, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit",
    "value": 31500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column D (40-49 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-levies_total-50-64-ans",
    "label": "50–64, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit",
    "value": 33800,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column E (50-64 ans)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-levies_total-65-ans-ou-plus",
    "label": "65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit",
    "value": 14600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit: the first adult counts 1, every other person of 14 or over 0.5 and every child under 14 0.3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1e”, row 6 “Prélèvements”, column F (65 ans ou plus)",
      "published": "16 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-a18-pp-even",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1190,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a18-even",
        "dna-age-people-a18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a18-even",
    "label": "18–29, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 78.3664041943358,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 18–29, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a18-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a18-even",
    "label": "18–29, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 85.01223605847319,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 18–29, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-levies_total-18-29-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a18-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-levies_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-scale-levies_total-even",
    "label": "Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone",
    "value": 97.45533297238765,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's total for everyone over the sum of the groups' amounts: it absorbs the rounding of Insee's cells.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Σ (units × euros per unit ÷ 1000) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a18-even",
        "dna-age-levies_total-18-29-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a30-even",
        "dna-age-levies_total-30-39-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a40-even",
        "dna-age-levies_total-40-49-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a50-even",
        "dna-age-levies_total-50-64-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a65-even",
        "dna-age-levies_total-65-ans-ou-plus"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-a30-pp-even",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1350,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-r--a30-even",
        "dna-age-people-a30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-r--a30-even",
    "label": "30–39, receives",
    "value": 222.0211518986455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Cash benefits + 30–39, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a30-even",
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a30-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a30-even",
    "label": "30–39, Cash benefits",
    "value": 51.23407266153382,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 30–39, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a30-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a30-even",
    "label": "30–39, Cash benefits",
    "value": 55.140615570307794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Cash benefits, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-cash_total-30-39-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a30-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-cash_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a30-even",
    "label": "30–39, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 170.7870792371117,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 30–39, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a30-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a30-even",
    "label": "30–39, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 145.24722169302086,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-noncash_total-30-39-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a30-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-noncash_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-people-a30",
    "label": "30–39, people",
    "value": 13680000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages living in a household of this age, as Insee counts them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-30-39-ans",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-a30-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1110,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-r--a30",
        "dna-age-people-a30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-r--a30",
    "label": "30–39, receives",
    "value": 182.00399587605514,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Cash benefits + 30–39, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a30",
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a30",
    "label": "30–39, Cash benefits",
    "value": 39.4990904273747,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 30–39, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a30",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a30",
    "label": "30–39, Cash benefits",
    "value": 42.51085356850663,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Cash benefits, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-cash_total-30-39-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a30",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a30",
    "label": "30–39, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 142.50490544868043,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 30–39, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a30",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a30",
    "label": "30–39, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 121.19442341016236,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-noncash_total-30-39-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a30",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-a30-pp-even",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1570,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a30-even",
        "dna-age-people-a30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a30-even",
    "label": "30–39, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 258.4064621063228,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 30–39, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a30-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a30-even",
    "label": "30–39, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 280.3205197617758,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-levies_total-30-39-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a30-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-levies_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-a30-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1350,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a30",
        "dna-age-people-a30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a30",
    "label": "30–39, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 221.6614815716048,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 30–39, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a30",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a30",
    "label": "30–39, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 240.4593957087313,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 30–39, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-levies_total-30-39-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a30",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-a40-pp-even",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-r--a40-even",
        "dna-age-people-a40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-r--a40-even",
    "label": "40–49, receives",
    "value": 288.21594024196025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Cash benefits + 40–49, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a40-even",
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a40-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a40-even",
    "label": "40–49, Cash benefits",
    "value": 66.41453863532162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 40–49, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a40-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a40-even",
    "label": "40–49, Cash benefits",
    "value": 71.47857573928788,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Cash benefits, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-cash_total-40-49-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a40-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-cash_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a40-even",
    "label": "40–49, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 221.80140160663862,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 40–49, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a40-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a40-even",
    "label": "40–49, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 188.63275544548168,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-noncash_total-40-49-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a40-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-noncash_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-people-a40",
    "label": "40–49, people",
    "value": 17100000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages living in a household of this age, as Insee counts them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-40-49-ans",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-a40-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1150,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-r--a40",
        "dna-age-people-a40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-r--a40",
    "label": "40–49, receives",
    "value": 236.2738304055854,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Cash benefits + 40–49, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a40",
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a40",
    "label": "40–49, Cash benefits",
    "value": 51.20252462807833,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 40–49, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a40",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a40",
    "label": "40–49, Cash benefits",
    "value": 55.10666203324934,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Cash benefits, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-cash_total-40-49-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a40",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a40",
    "label": "40–49, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 185.07130577750706,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 40–49, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a40",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a40",
    "label": "40–49, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 157.39535507813295,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-noncash_total-40-49-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a40",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-a40-pp-even",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1620,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a40-even",
        "dna-age-people-a40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a40-even",
    "label": "40–49, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 332.5083152103419,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 40–49, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a40-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a40-even",
    "label": "40–49, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 360.7065511640498,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-levies_total-40-49-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a40-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-levies_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-a40-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1390,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a40",
        "dna-age-people-a40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a40",
    "label": "40–49, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 285.22617113993266,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 40–49, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a40",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a40",
    "label": "40–49, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 309.4146635957939,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 40–49, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-levies_total-40-49-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a40",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-a50-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1620,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-r--a50",
        "dna-age-people-a50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-r--a50",
    "label": "50–64, receives",
    "value": 344.96988637663713,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Cash benefits + 50–64, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a50",
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a50",
    "label": "50–64, Cash benefits",
    "value": 131.51162916108902,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 50–64, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a50",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a50",
    "label": "50–64, Cash benefits",
    "value": 141.53924936834005,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Cash benefits, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-cash_total-50-64-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a50",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a50",
    "label": "50–64, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 213.45825721554812,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 50–64, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a50",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a50",
    "label": "50–64, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 181.53726234142093,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-noncash_total-50-64-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a50",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-people-a50",
    "label": "50–64, people",
    "value": 17784000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages living in a household of this age, as Insee counts them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-50-64-ans",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-a50-pp-even",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-r--a50-even",
        "dna-age-people-a50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-r--a50-even",
    "label": "50–64, receives",
    "value": 326.81420221951595,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Cash benefits + 50–64, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a50-even",
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a50-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a50-even",
    "label": "50–64, Cash benefits",
    "value": 130.74176319924743,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 50–64, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a50-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a50-even",
    "label": "50–64, Cash benefits",
    "value": 140.71068195534102,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Cash benefits, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-cash_total-50-64-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a50-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-cash_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a50-even",
    "label": "50–64, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 196.07243902026852,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 50–64, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a50-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a50-even",
    "label": "50–64, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 166.7513558138058,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-noncash_total-50-64-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a50-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-noncash_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-a50-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a50",
        "dna-age-people-a50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a50",
    "label": "50–64, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 415.2890335502272,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 50–64, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a50",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a50",
    "label": "50–64, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 450.50745553052786,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-levies_total-50-64-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a50",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-a50-pp-even",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1740,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a50-even",
        "dna-age-people-a50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a50-even",
    "label": "50–64, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 371.05816813568055,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 50–64, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a50-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a50-even",
    "label": "50–64, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 402.5256090958311,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 50–64, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-levies_total-50-64-ans",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a50-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-levies_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-a65-pp",
    "label": "65 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3330,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 65 and over, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-r--a65",
        "dna-age-people-a65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-r--a65",
    "label": "65 and over, receives",
    "value": 573.6600481996115,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, Cash benefits + 65 and over, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a65",
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a65",
    "label": "65 and over, Cash benefits",
    "value": 311.4479566262887,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 65 and over, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a65",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a65",
    "label": "65 and over, Cash benefits",
    "value": 335.19552817790674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, Cash benefits, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-cash_total-65-ans-ou-plus",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a65",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a65",
    "label": "65 and over, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 262.2120915733228,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 65 and over, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a65",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a65",
    "label": "65 and over, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 223.00034619401814,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-noncash_total-65-ans-ou-plus",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a65",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-people-a65",
    "label": "65 and over, people",
    "value": 14364000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Individuals of all ages living in a household of this age, as Insee counts them.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, share of individuals ÷ 100 × Everyone, Individuals, millions, Insee × 1,000,000",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-share_individuals-65-ans-ou-plus",
        "dna-cell-tc-individuals-ensemble"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-a65-pp-even",
    "label": "65 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 2950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 65 and over, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-r--a65-even",
        "dna-age-people-a65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-r--a65-even",
    "label": "65 and over, receives",
    "value": 508.32594428611645,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, Cash benefits + 65 and over, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a65-even",
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a65-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-cash_total-a65-even",
    "label": "65 and over, Cash benefits",
    "value": 285.9145888250596,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 65 and over, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a65-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a65-even",
    "label": "65 and over, Cash benefits",
    "value": 307.7152685576343,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, Cash benefits, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Cash benefits, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-cash_total-65-ans-ou-plus",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a65-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-cash_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-noncash_total-a65-even",
    "label": "65 and over, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 222.41135546105687,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 65 and over, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a65-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a65-even",
    "label": "65 and over, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 189.15149552295676,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, Non-cash transfers, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Non-cash transfers, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-noncash_total-65-ans-ou-plus",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a65-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-noncash_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-a65-pp",
    "label": "65 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 910,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 65 and over, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a65",
        "dna-age-people-a65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a65",
    "label": "65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 156.9032411922376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a65",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a65",
    "label": "65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 170.20935840690464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-levies_total-65-ans-ou-plus",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a65",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-a65-pp-even",
    "label": "65 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 750,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 65 and over, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a65-even",
        "dna-age-people-a65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-levies_total-a65-even",
    "label": "65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 129.4565707218931,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a65-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a65-even",
    "label": "65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 140.43508391987004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Euros per consumption unit times the group's units, scaled so the groups add up to everyone.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies, per unit × 65 and over, consumption units, millions ÷ 1000 × Levies, net of subsidies, scale to everyone ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-levies_total-65-ans-ou-plus",
        "dna-age-2023-units-a65-even",
        "dna-age-2023-scale-levies_total-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-p-abroad",
    "label": "Outside France, transfers",
    "value": 12.261999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Transfers between general government and the rest of the world.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2023-row-d9rec_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-gov",
    "label": "General government",
    "value": 1511.087720368574,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Levies net of subsidies, plus borrowing, other revenue and transfers from abroad: everything general government receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies + Borrowing + Other revenue + Inheritance and gift duties + International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2023-levies_total",
        "dna-2023-borrowing",
        "dna-2023-other-revenue",
        "capital-dmtg-2023",
        "dna-2023-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2023-row-d9rec_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2023-r-abroad",
    "label": "Outside France, transfers",
    "value": 35.082,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Transfers between general government and the rest of the world.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) + International cooperation paid + Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-row-d76pay",
        "dna-2023-row-d74pay",
        "dna-2023-row-d9pay_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-a18-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1370,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-r--a18",
        "dna-age-people-a18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-r--a18",
    "label": "18–29, receives",
    "value": 89.70496292453731,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Cash benefits + 18–29, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a18",
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a18",
    "label": "18–29, Cash benefits",
    "value": 17.467889217249557,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 18–29, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a18",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-cash_total",
    "label": "Cash benefits",
    "value": 579.5973723816254,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the year's items of this kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2024-other_cash"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a18",
    "label": "18–29, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 72.23707370728776,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 18–29, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a18",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-noncash_total",
    "label": "Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 901.9824125844268,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the year's items of this kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure + Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-a18-pp-even",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1230,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-r--a18-even",
        "dna-age-people-a18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-r--a18-even",
    "label": "18–29, receives",
    "value": 80.94297629507261,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Cash benefits + 18–29, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a18-even",
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a18-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a18-even",
    "label": "18–29, Cash benefits",
    "value": 16.789785078043465,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 18–29, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a18-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a18-even",
    "label": "18–29, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 64.15319121702915,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 18–29, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a18-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-a18-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a18",
        "dna-age-people-a18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a18",
    "label": "18–29, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 93.63469319886943,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 18–29, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a18",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-levies_total",
    "label": "Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 1207.4329849660526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy of the year, net of subsidies on products and production.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies − Subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies-gross",
        "dna-age-2024-subsidies"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Estimated for this page: both years are put on the general-government perimeter (Eurostat S13). Each Insee item is scaled to Eurostat's total of its category for the year, split between the items of the category and between groups as Insee's 2023 accounts split it. Insee's own 2023 levels are wider in places (firms' collective pension and health schemes) and COFOG counts spending gross of the fees that finance part of it; the evidence panels show both."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-levies-gross",
    "label": "Levies",
    "value": 1305.4470000000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the year's items of this kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production + Corporate tax + CSG + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth + Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-subsidies",
    "label": "Subsidies",
    "value": 98.0140150339476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the year's items of this kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-a18-pp-even",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1230,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a18-even",
        "dna-age-people-a18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a18-even",
    "label": "18–29, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 80.88776827637587,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 18–29, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a18-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-a30-pp-even",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-r--a30-even",
        "dna-age-people-a30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-r--a30-even",
    "label": "30–39, receives",
    "value": 230.3884421691127,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Cash benefits + 30–39, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a30-even",
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a30-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a30-even",
    "label": "30–39, Cash benefits",
    "value": 53.967166322282566,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 30–39, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a30-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a30-even",
    "label": "30–39, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 176.42127584683013,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 30–39, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a30-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-a30-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1150,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-r--a30",
        "dna-age-people-a30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-r--a30",
    "label": "30–39, receives",
    "value": 188.81226329346802,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Cash benefits + 30–39, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a30",
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a30",
    "label": "30–39, Cash benefits",
    "value": 41.606178699774546,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 30–39, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a30",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a30",
    "label": "30–39, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 147.20608459369348,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 30–39, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a30",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-a30-pp-even",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1620,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a30-even",
        "dna-age-people-a30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a30-even",
    "label": "30–39, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 266.7204428078773,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 30–39, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a30-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-a30-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1390,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a30",
        "dna-age-people-a30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a30",
    "label": "30–39, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 228.79322767827156,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 30–39, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a30",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-a40-pp-even",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1460,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-r--a40-even",
        "dna-age-people-a40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-r--a40-even",
    "label": "40–49, receives",
    "value": 299.07597788599946,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Cash benefits + 40–49, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a40-even",
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a40-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a40-even",
    "label": "40–49, Cash benefits",
    "value": 69.9574378251811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 40–49, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a40-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a40-even",
    "label": "40–49, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 229.1185400608184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 40–49, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a40-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-a40-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1190,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-r--a40",
        "dna-age-people-a40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-r--a40",
    "label": "40–49, receives",
    "value": 245.11066859012257,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Cash benefits + 40–49, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a40",
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a40",
    "label": "40–49, Cash benefits",
    "value": 53.9339353515596,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 40–49, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a40",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a40",
    "label": "40–49, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 191.17673323856297,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 40–49, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a40",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-a40-pp-even",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1670,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a40-even",
        "dna-age-people-a40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a40-even",
    "label": "40–49, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 343.20645214248924,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 40–49, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a40-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-a40-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a40",
        "dna-age-people-a40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a40",
    "label": "40–49, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 294.4030503213053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 40–49, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a40",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-a50-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-r--a50",
        "dna-age-people-a50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-r--a50",
    "label": "50–64, receives",
    "value": 359.02730667498395,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Cash benefits + 50–64, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a50",
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a50",
    "label": "50–64, Cash benefits",
    "value": 138.52714796142774,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 50–64, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a50",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a50",
    "label": "50–64, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 220.50015871355623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 50–64, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a50",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-a50-pp-even",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1590,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-r--a50-even",
        "dna-age-people-a50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-r--a50-even",
    "label": "50–64, receives",
    "value": 340.2570027324771,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Cash benefits + 50–64, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a50-even",
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a50-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a50-even",
    "label": "50–64, Cash benefits",
    "value": 137.71621331871367,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 50–64, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a50-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a50-even",
    "label": "50–64, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 202.54078941376343,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 50–64, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a50-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-a50-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2010,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a50",
        "dna-age-people-a50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a50",
    "label": "50–64, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 428.6505608988861,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 50–64, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a50",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-a50-pp-even",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1790,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a50-even",
        "dna-age-people-a50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a50-even",
    "label": "50–64, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 382.99660970516766,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 50–64, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a50-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-a65-pp",
    "label": "65 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 65 and over, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-r--a65",
        "dna-age-people-a65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-r--a65",
    "label": "65 and over, receives",
    "value": 598.9245834829403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, Cash benefits + 65 and over, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a65",
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a65",
    "label": "65 and over, Cash benefits",
    "value": 328.06222115161404,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 65 and over, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a65",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a65",
    "label": "65 and over, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 270.86236233132627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 65 and over, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a65",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-a65-pp-even",
    "label": "65 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3080,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, receives × 10⁹ ÷ 65 and over, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-r--a65-even",
        "dna-age-people-a65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-r--a65-even",
    "label": "65 and over, receives",
    "value": 530.9153858833903,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the household age group receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, Cash benefits + 65 and over, Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a65-even",
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a65-even"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-cash_total-a65-even",
    "label": "65 and over, Cash benefits",
    "value": 301.1667698374047,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Cash benefits × 65 and over, Cash benefits ÷ Cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-cash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total-a65-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-cash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-noncash_total-a65-even",
    "label": "65 and over, Non-cash transfers",
    "value": 229.74861604598564,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Non-cash transfers × 65 and over, Non-cash transfers ÷ Non-cash transfers",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-noncash_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total-a65-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-noncash_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-a65-pp",
    "label": "65 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 65 and over, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a65",
        "dna-age-people-a65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a65",
    "label": "65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 161.9514528687199,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a65",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-a65-pp-even",
    "label": "65 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies × 10⁹ ÷ 65 and over, people ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a65-even",
        "dna-age-people-a65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-levies_total-a65-even",
    "label": "65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies",
    "value": 133.62171203414246,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The year's total, split between ages as Insee's 2023 accounts split it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies × 65 and over, Levies, net of subsidies ÷ Levies, net of subsidies",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total-a65-even",
        "dna-age-insee-2023-levies_total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-p-abroad",
    "label": "Outside France, transfers",
    "value": 10.421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Transfers between general government and the rest of the world.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2024-row-d9rec_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-gov",
    "label": "General government",
    "value": 1574.6941849660525,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Levies net of subsidies, plus borrowing, other revenue and transfers from abroad: everything general government receives.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levies, net of subsidies + Borrowing + Other revenue + Inheritance and gift duties + International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-age-2024-levies_total",
        "dna-2024-borrowing",
        "dna-2024-other-revenue",
        "capital-dmtg-2024",
        "dna-2024-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2024-row-d9rec_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-age-2024-r-abroad",
    "label": "Outside France, transfers",
    "value": 33.33,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Transfers between general government and the rest of the world.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) + International cooperation paid + Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-row-d76pay",
        "dna-2024-row-d74pay",
        "dna-2024-row-d9pay_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y00",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y00-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y00-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y00-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y00",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 35.355562586162264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.5895581535538542,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 0–2, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 1.333478594070807,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y00",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2023",
    "value": 2039718,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2023-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2023-2",
        "nta-pop-2024-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pensions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 0–2, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 0–2, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 8.918910709764486,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.49347566381027,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 27.910336758169148,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 1.1035772264400827,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Health care",
    "value": 2.7553718901954465,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 0–2, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "nta-2023-share-health-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-health-health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 1.1035772264400827,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Education",
    "value": 0.5103428188458615,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 0–2, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "nta-2023-share-education-education-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-education-education-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 0.36052667860493715,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 11.432765722836423,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 0–2, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 10.616677893535543,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 14.518700280471448,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 2.978852772980061,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.2337514529851519,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 0–2, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 2.978852772980061,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Collective services",
    "value": 9.91486183798104,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 0–2, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 2.978852772980061,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y00-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.251383262151189,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 0–2, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 1.333478594070807,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 0–2, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y00",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y03",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y03-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y03-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y03-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y03",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 109.28776483122193,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.2538859507581863,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 3–10, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 5.097900267676354,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y03",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2023",
    "value": 6204701,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2023-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2023-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2023-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2023-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2023-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2023-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2023-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pensions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 3–10, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 3–10, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.515898810134793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.38423111340763,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 34.94226960995402,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 3.331123137608922,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Health care",
    "value": 8.317028329549002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 3–10, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "nta-2023-share-health-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-health-health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 3.331123137608922,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Education",
    "value": 44.27647688921327,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 3–10, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "nta-2023-share-education-education-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-education-education-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 31.278682806385426,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 9.01104711705383,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 3–10, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 8.367825165361465,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 9.872919440062104,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 9.061495417557657,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 3.7529995570898547,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 3–10, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 9.061495417557657,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Collective services",
    "value": 30.160428177422997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 3–10, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 9.061495417557657,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y03-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 16.25307520231891,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 3–10, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 5.097900267676354,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 3–10, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y03",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y11",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y11-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y11-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y11-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y11",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 122.80510716524184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.3732135175719007,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 11–17, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 7.629625664233193,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y11",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2023",
    "value": 6021556,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2023-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2023-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2023-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2023-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2023-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2023-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.08609583623705232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.16253380083794627,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pensions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 11–17, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.11706234971844216,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 11–17, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 0.27306259192461174,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.750502974661206,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.098922260378149,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.16253380083794627,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 29.27820985950461,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 3.035579385837088,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Health care",
    "value": 7.57912532970015,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 11–17, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "nta-2023-share-health-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-health-health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 3.035579385837088,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Education",
    "value": 54.585574119810275,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 11–17, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "nta-2023-share-education-education-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-education-education-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 38.56144342672256,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 14.401135276779092,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 11–17, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 13.373160811771056,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 17.10897207725966,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 8.794025299497768,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 3.6422214582929913,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 11–17, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 8.794025299497768,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Collective services",
    "value": 29.270176302470727,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 11–17, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 8.794025299497768,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y11-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.416160488910634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.254267487397886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 24.324697066474087,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 11–17, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 7.629625664233193,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.20818627734838238,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.16253380083794627,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 11–17, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.172927096418289,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.172927096418289,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.11541170748447342,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.02852768800383179,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.11541170748447342,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.45572971630360287,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.16253380083794627,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.2965222234386471,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.16253380083794627,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.16253380083794627,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.16253380083794627,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.16253380083794627,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y18",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -70,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y18-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y18-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y18-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y18",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 161.9896131291687,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 6.691397464903328,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 18–29, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 15.134783956563801,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y18",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2023",
    "value": 9428235,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2023-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2023-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2023-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2023-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2023-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2023-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2023-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2023-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2023-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2023-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2023-29",
        "nta-pop-2024-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 8.19873431319733,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.477768823981336,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pensions",
    "value": 0.32735432508367024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 18–29, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 0.08846878046814918,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 8.22328905444015,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 18–29, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 19.181851626517986,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 19.30745443089116,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 14.056927976625984,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 15.477768823981336,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 7.869183772372214,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 23.793768248522607,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 13.260725657221146,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 5.874047197377234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Health care",
    "value": 14.666109576712373,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 18–29, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "nta-2023-share-health-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-health-health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 5.874047197377234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Education",
    "value": 39.16941906139077,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 18–29, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "nta-2023-share-education-education-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-education-education-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 27.67085189720926,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 13.87335295982862,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 18–29, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 12.88305238194688,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 9.576306144197629,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 28.438113369293788,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 13.769222440880988,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.702798858339679,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 18–29, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 13.769222440880988,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Collective services",
    "value": 45.82970308438162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 18–29, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 13.769222440880988,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y18-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 169.52710447085252,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 46.12917199067917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.25256848914448,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 18–29, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 15.134783956563801,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on production",
    "value": 19.8251628677303,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.477768823981336,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.696571027918649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.121341173941743,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 18–29, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 2.6736557140445414,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.4910002549878,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y18",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 16.923792569477357,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 11.294955145906515,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.43279231448955824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781175,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 10.525049368566563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 10.184037678830157,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.7919087538241665,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 11.294955145906515,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pension contributions",
    "value": 43.39822953010622,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.477768823981336,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other contributions",
    "value": 28.23721836255011,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.477768823981336,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.477768823981336,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.477768823981336,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.477768823981336,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y30",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1050,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y30-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y30-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y30-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y30",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 126.5758211999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 6.02982965246473,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 30–39, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 13.638431966356723,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y30",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2023",
    "value": 8384579,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2023-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2023-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2023-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2023-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2023-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2023-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2023-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2023-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2023-39",
        "nta-pop-2024-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 12.291314953632304,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 23.203841486708132,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pensions",
    "value": 0.29111790658363446,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 30–39, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 0.07867574733070015,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 11.328575795912213,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 30–39, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 26.425321865539747,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 22.629912233858807,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.47586674501025,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 23.203841486708132,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 28.344133141130847,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 19.86070321327835,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 7.049913195580057,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Health care",
    "value": 17.601969469849244,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 30–39, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "nta-2023-share-health-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-health-health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 7.049913195580057,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Education",
    "value": 1.8301442042569425,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 30–39, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "nta-2023-share-education-education-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-education-education-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 1.2928874218726194,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 8.744834557542664,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 30–39, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 8.120615254473647,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 4.633248791872986,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 20.78071208448904,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 12.245041244679228,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.071528732308796,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 30–39, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 12.245041244679228,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Collective services",
    "value": 40.75659369359056,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 30–39, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 12.245041244679228,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y30-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 231.93250479299618,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.56845420884907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.481913876660165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 30–39, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 13.638431966356723,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on production",
    "value": 29.72133398957534,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 23.203841486708132,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.872027767164806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.091836376431234,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 30–39, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 7.677913075436803,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 24.708518860588327,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y30",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 26.475772168755128,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 17.66995535260004,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7672533081667998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 17.533347606849375,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 16.965266994134705,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.367693575700947,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 17.66995535260004,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pension contributions",
    "value": 65.06142133742823,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 23.203841486708132,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other contributions",
    "value": 42.332454138673285,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 23.203841486708136,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.203841486708132,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.203841486708132,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.203841486708132,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y50",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -690,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y50-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y50-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y50-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1650,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y50",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 261.1404342497963,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 9.557951799614218,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 50–64, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 21.618434163139536,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y50",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2023",
    "value": 13227209,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2023-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2023-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2023-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2023-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2023-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2023-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2023-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2023-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2023-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2023-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2023-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2023-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2023-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2023-64",
        "nta-pop-2024-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 17.57989749515077,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.18775544918469,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pensions",
    "value": 51.68086825358967,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 50–64, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 13.966955795563557,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 12.165252615054715,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 50–64, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 28.376975333864912,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 31.00778555211353,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 22.575436331127225,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 33.18775544918469,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 23.27022359634275,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 38.37056884281903,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 21.021276301652765,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Health care",
    "value": 52.485165904019766,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 50–64, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "nta-2023-share-health-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-health-health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 21.021276301652765,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Education",
    "value": 0.3083054584347641,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 50–64, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "nta-2023-share-education-education-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-education-education-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 0.21779936705414732,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 14.058414853529195,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 50–64, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 13.05490428230221,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 10.058453636600259,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 20.741442623228178,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 19.317335228535537,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 8.000660731602563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 50–64, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 19.317335228535537,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Collective services",
    "value": 64.29613158668708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 50–64, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 19.317335228535537,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y50-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 371.6611939610918,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 65.89063118064165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 68.92367793810165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 50–64, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 21.618434163139536,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on production",
    "value": 42.509528632773936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.18775544918469,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.78883048605437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 28.494465377823257,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 50–64, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 35.91331329062004,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.01980069399022,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y50",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 44.80642640081669,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 29.90385130093893,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.786625706826469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.283237296020005,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 34.67186094608167,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 33.54849235430667,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.391691524370981,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 29.90385130093893,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pension contributions",
    "value": 93.05539092567129,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.18775544918469,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other contributions",
    "value": 60.54683386468123,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.18775544918469,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.18775544918469,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.18775544918469,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.18775544918469,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y65",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2150,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y65-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y65-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y65-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3070,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y65",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 386.4315095296352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 6.8383149776334555,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 65–79, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 15.467085964667323,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y65",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2023",
    "value": 10481097,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2023-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2023-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2023-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2023-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2023-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2023-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2023-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2023-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2023-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2023-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2023-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2023-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2023-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2023-79",
        "nta-pop-2024-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.9638749549069553,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.8196264395665411,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pensions",
    "value": 227.29070801481103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 65–79, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-pensions-pensions-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 61.42619849202532,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 1.5702631365344504,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 65–79, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 3.6628354299829753,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.79839571345523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 4.949619808385693,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 1.8196264395665411,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 0.9016457065252387,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 2.38973822947153,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 29.87680031548884,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Health care",
    "value": 74.59531946290117,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 65–79, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "nta-2023-share-health-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-health-health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 29.87680031548884,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Education",
    "value": 0.029618326897659853,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 65–79, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-education",
        "nta-2023-share-education-education-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-education-education-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 0.020923576521361235,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 11.05781839782381,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 65–79, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 10.268494866505572,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 9.73231611895307,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2023",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2023",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 7.0447915540515424,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 15.306847571942193,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 6.339637058871298,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 65–79, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-culture",
        "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-culture-per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 15.306847571942193,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Collective services",
    "value": 50.94755948580014,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 65–79, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 15.306847571942193,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y65-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 920,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 115.78741550248101,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.141992294467336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 49.312010464075435,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 65–79, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 15.467085964667323,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.330722918340855,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.8196264395665411,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.248990682404376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 21.567617000044887,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 65–79, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 27.182983642063512,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.251732088221914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y65",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 22.670249612576,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.130146004174177,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.418517524354088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.1777921121375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.233820724717464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 13.7726448112593,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.7398986122579547,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.130146004174177,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pension contributions",
    "value": 5.102063920285746,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.8196264395665411,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.319676737431285,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.8196264395665411,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8196264395665411,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8196264395665411,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8196264395665411,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y00-parents",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 920,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y00-parents-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y00-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y00-parents-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1090,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y00-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y00-parents",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 26.63471979703909,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.1980679206413128,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 0.1442047425206066,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-caf-family_parents-2023",
    "label": "CNAF, family benefits (PAJE, family allowances, supplements, ARS, ASF) paid in 2023",
    "value": 27742528625,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Amounts paid by the family allowance funds in the year, summed over the months, euros: family benefits (PAJE, family allowances, supplements, ARS, ASF).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "CNAF",
      "title": "Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National]",
      "url": "https://data.caf.fr/explore/dataset/s_age_1_nat/",
      "location": "All ages, all months of the year",
      "published": "9 October 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y00-parents",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2023",
    "value": 2039718,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2023-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2023-2",
        "nta-pop-2024-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y00-parents-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y00-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y00-parents",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-parents-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-parents-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-parents",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-parents",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-parents-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-parents-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-parents",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y00",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-parents",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-parents",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y03-parents",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1110,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y03-parents-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y03-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y03-parents-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y03-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y03-parents",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 98.36972960277296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.5978635816858143,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 0.4352787850768598,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y03-parents",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2023",
    "value": 6204701,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2023-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2023-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2023-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2023-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2023-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2023-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2023-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y03-parents-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y03-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y03-parents",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-parents-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-parents-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-parents",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-parents",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-parents-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-parents-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-parents",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y03",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-parents",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-parents",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y11-parents",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1230,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y11-parents-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y11-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y11-parents-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1570,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y11-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y11-parents",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 113.65685977775868,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.6022555871780577,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 0.4384764155619346,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y11-parents",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2023",
    "value": 6021556,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2023-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2023-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2023-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2023-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2023-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2023-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y11-parents-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y11-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y11-parents",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.416160488910634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-parents-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-parents-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-parents",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-parents",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-parents-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.254267487397886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-parents-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-parents",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.172927096418289,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-parents",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-parents",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y18-parents",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -60,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y18-parents-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y18-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y18-parents-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y18-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y18-parents",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 162.9586117830519,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.276453084774367,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 14.762414260995532,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 10.97038389741335,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y18-parents",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2023",
    "value": 9428235,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2023-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2023-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2023-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2023-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2023-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2023-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2023-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2023-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2023-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2023-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2023-29",
        "nta-pop-2024-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y18-parents-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y18-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y18-parents",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 169.52710447085252,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-parents-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-parents-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-parents",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-parents",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-parents-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 46.12917199067917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-parents-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.696571027918649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-parents",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.4910002549878,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y18",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-parents",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.43279231448955824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-parents",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781175,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y30-parents",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -920,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y30-parents-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y30-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y30-parents-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1390,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y30-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y30-parents",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 140.09797400187557,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 36.15206503573449,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 26.320765185934572,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 43.27653272989652,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y30-parents",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2023",
    "value": 8384579,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2023-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2023-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2023-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2023-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2023-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2023-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2023-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2023-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2023-39",
        "nta-pop-2024-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y30-parents-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y30-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y30-parents",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 231.93250479299618,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-parents-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-parents-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-parents",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-parents",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-parents-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.56845420884907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-parents-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.872027767164806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-parents",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 24.708518860588327,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y30",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-parents",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7672533081667998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-parents",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y40-parents",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1180,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y40-parents-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y40-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y40-parents-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y40-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y40-parents",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 141.58796141696513,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 34.73546300002755,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 25.289398111691263,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 36.39132710475758,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y40-parents",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2023",
    "value": 8565288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2023-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2023-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2023-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2023-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2023-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2023-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2023-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2023-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2023-49",
        "nta-pop-2024-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y40-parents-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2560,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y40-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y40-parents",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 262.71079760235006,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-parents-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-parents-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-parents",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-parents",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-parents-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.66752123992452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-parents-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.330942219242973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-parents",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.579373979471455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y40",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-parents",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.749633464294523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-parents",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.29038083840137,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y50-parents",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y50-parents-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y50-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y50-parents-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1660,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y50-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y50-parents",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 263.9597342345852,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 33.82708553690246,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 24.628047511567107,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 9.022936647350315,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y50-parents",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2023",
    "value": 13227209,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2023-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2023-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2023-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2023-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2023-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2023-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2023-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2023-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2023-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2023-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2023-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2023-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2023-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2023-64",
        "nta-pop-2024-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y50-parents-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y50-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y50-parents",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 371.6611939610918,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-parents-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-parents-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-parents",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-parents",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-parents-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 65.89063118064165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-parents-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.78883048605437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-parents",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.01980069399022,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y50",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-parents",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.786625706826469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-parents",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.283237296020005,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y65-parents",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2150,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y65-parents-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y65-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y65-parents-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3070,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y65-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y65-parents",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 386.5074996499176,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.874385833737595,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 5.004944949852052,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0.2432001010292075,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y65-parents",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2023",
    "value": 10481097,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2023-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2023-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2023-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2023-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2023-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2023-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2023-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2023-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2023-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2023-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2023-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2023-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2023-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2023-79",
        "nta-pop-2024-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y65-parents-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 920,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y65-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y65-parents",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 115.78741550248101,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-parents-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-parents-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-parents",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-parents",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-parents-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.141992294467336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-parents-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.248990682404376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-parents",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.251732088221914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y65",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-parents",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.418517524354088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-parents",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.1777921121375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y80-parents",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y80-parents-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y80-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y80-parents-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y80-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y80-parents",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 186.831109736034,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.088237465254767,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.976470036800067,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0.09561951955304264,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2023",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y80-parents",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2023",
    "value": 4120876,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2023-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2023-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2023-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2023-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2023-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2023-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2023-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2023-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2023-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2023-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2023-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2023-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2023-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2023-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2023-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2023-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2023-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2023-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2023-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2023-100",
        "nta-pop-2024-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y80-parents-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y80-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y80-parents",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 41.424530092601174,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-parents-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-parents-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-parents",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-parents",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-parents-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.534920976158837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-parents-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.517742339710763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-parents",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.732738539522154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y80",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-parents",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7240554169599585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-parents",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.214277536803447,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-parents",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y00-flat",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1100,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y00-flat-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y00-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y00-flat-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y00-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y00-flat",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 36.08301615544799,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y00",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.3170117228395868,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 0–2, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 2.978852772980061,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y00-flat",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2023",
    "value": 2039718,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2023-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2023-2",
        "nta-pop-2024-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y00-flat-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 370,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y00-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y00-flat",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 9.079218593015636,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-flat-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-flat-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-flat",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-flat",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-flat-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 9.079218593015636,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 9.49714894245061,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 0–2, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 2.978852772980061,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-flat-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-flat",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y00",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-flat",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-flat",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y03-flat",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1120,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y03-flat-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y03-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y03-flat-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1490,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y03-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y03-flat",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 111.04015129500866,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y03",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 4.00627241454491,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 3–10, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 9.061495417557657,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y03-flat",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2023",
    "value": 6204701,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2023-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2023-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2023-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2023-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2023-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2023-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2023-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y03-flat-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 370,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y03-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y03-flat",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 27.618450438995943,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-flat-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-flat-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-flat",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-flat",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-flat-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27.618450438995943,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 28.88977004922115,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 3–10, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 9.061495417557657,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-flat-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-flat",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y03",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-flat",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-flat",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y11-flat",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y11-flat-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y11-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y11-flat-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1710,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y11-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y11-flat",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 123.31991205376254,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y11",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.888018406092603,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 11–17, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 8.794025299497768,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y11-flat",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2023",
    "value": 6021556,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2023-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2023-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2023-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2023-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2023-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2023-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y11-flat-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 390,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y11-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y11-flat",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 27.965123671679358,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-flat-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-flat-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-flat",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-flat",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-flat-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 26.80323067016661,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 28.037024464776447,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 11–17, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 8.794025299497768,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-flat-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-flat",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.172927096418289,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-flat",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-flat",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y18-flat",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y18-flat-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y18-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y18-flat-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y18-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y18-flat",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 161.38587045993512,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y18",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 6.087654795669739,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 18–29, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 13.769222440880988,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y18-flat",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2023",
    "value": 9428235,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2023-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2023-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2023-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2023-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2023-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2023-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2023-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2023-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2023-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2023-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2023-29",
        "nta-pop-2024-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y18-flat-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1460,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y18-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y18-flat",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 165.36502180078799,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-flat-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-flat-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-flat",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-flat",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-flat-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.967089320614626,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.898898773690874,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 18–29, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 13.769222440880988,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-flat-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.696571027918649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-flat",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.4910002549878,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y18",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-flat",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.43279231448955824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-flat",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781175,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y30-flat",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1010,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y30-flat-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y30-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y30-flat-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1250,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y30-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y30-flat",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 125.95977466974142,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y30",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 5.413783122206265,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 30–39, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 12.245041244679228,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y30-flat",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2023",
    "value": 8384579,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2023-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2023-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2023-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2023-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2023-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2023-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2023-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2023-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2023-39",
        "nta-pop-2024-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y30-flat-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y30-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y30-flat",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 227.6856017361077,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-flat-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-flat-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-flat",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-flat",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-flat-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 37.32155115196058,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 39.03951936195533,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 30–39, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 12.245041244679228,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-flat-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.872027767164806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-flat",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 24.708518860588327,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y30",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-flat",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7672533081667998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-flat",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y40-flat",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1250,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y40-flat-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y40-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y40-flat-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y40-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y40-flat",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 129.5583607707521,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y40",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 5.530463923063549,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 40–49, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 12.508953039205897,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y40-flat",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2023",
    "value": 8565288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2023-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2023-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2023-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2023-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2023-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2023-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2023-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2023-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2023-49",
        "nta-pop-2024-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y40-flat-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2510,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y40-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y40-flat",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 258.1692019009006,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-flat-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-flat-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-flat",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-flat",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-flat-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 38.12592553847501,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 39.88092033451221,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 40–49, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 12.508953039205897,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-flat-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.330942219242973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-flat",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.579373979471455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y40",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-flat",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.749633464294523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-flat",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.29038083840137,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y50-flat",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -660,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y50-flat-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y50-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y50-flat-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1640,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y50-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y50-flat",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 260.12307135768685,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y50",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 8.540588907504802,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 50–64, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 19.317335228535537,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y50-flat",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2023",
    "value": 13227209,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2023-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2023-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2023-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2023-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2023-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2023-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2023-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2023-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2023-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2023-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2023-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2023-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2023-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2023-64",
        "nta-pop-2024-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y50-flat-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y50-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y50-flat",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 364.64769520045166,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-flat-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-flat-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-flat",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-flat",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-flat-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 58.877132420001516,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 61.587337078467336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 50–64, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 19.317335228535537,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-flat-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.78883048605437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-flat",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.01980069399022,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y50",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-flat",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.786625706826469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-flat",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.283237296020005,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y65-flat",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2150,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y65-flat-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y65-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y65-flat-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3070,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y65-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y65-flat",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 386.36066485963937,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y65",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 6.767470307637613,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 65–79, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 15.306847571942193,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y65-flat",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2023",
    "value": 10481097,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2023-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2023-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2023-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2023-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2023-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2023-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2023-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2023-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2023-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2023-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2023-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2023-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2023-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2023-79",
        "nta-pop-2024-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y65-flat-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 920,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y65-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y65-flat",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 115.29902634550717,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-flat-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-flat-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-flat",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-flat",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-flat-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 46.65360313749349,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.801140005550884,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 65–79, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 15.306847571942193,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-flat-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.248990682404376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-flat",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.251732088221914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y65",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-flat",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.418517524354088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-flat",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.1777921121375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y80-flat",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y80-flat-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y80-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y80-flat-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y80-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y80-flat",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 186.7733783780261,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y80",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.6607812113041653,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 6.01822698472067,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y80-flat",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2023",
    "value": 4120876,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2023-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2023-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2023-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2023-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2023-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2023-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2023-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2023-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2023-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2023-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2023-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2023-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2023-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2023-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2023-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2023-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2023-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2023-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2023-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2023-100",
        "nta-pop-2024-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y80-flat-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 830,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y80-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y80-flat",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 41.23250905170882,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-flat-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-flat-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-flat",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-flat",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-flat-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.342899935266477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.187251737247976,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 80 and over, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 6.01822698472067,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-flat-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.517742339710763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-flat",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.732738539522154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y80",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-flat",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7240554169599585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-flat",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.214277536803447,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-flat",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y00-members",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1330,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y00-members-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y00-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y00-members-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y00-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y00-members",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 36.740637128519424,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.85799124948264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.177179854765071,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 2.978852772980061,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 11.878759725475426,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 0–2, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 11.030836180625172,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 2.978852772980061,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y00-members",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2023",
    "value": 2039718,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2023-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2023-2",
        "nta-pop-2024-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y00-members-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y00-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y00-members",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-members-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-members-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-members",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-members",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-members-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-members-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-members",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y00",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-members",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-members",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-members",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y03-members",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y03-members-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y03-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y03-members-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1520,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y03-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y03-members",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 113.5010803506691,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 14.372526732319978,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 10.464019161174756,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 9.061495417557657,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 10.367734714315821,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 3–10, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 9.627670383173886,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 9.061495417557657,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y03-members",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2023",
    "value": 6204701,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2023-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2023-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2023-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2023-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2023-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2023-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2023-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y03-members-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y03-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y03-members",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-members-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-members-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-members",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-members",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-members-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-members-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-members",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y03",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-members",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-members",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-members",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y11-members",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1420,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y11-members-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y11-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y11-members-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1760,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y11-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y11-members",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 126.89405734017572,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 12.522811193266385,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 9.117320754981902,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 8.794025299497768,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 15.717777233107803,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 11–17, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 14.595818906088104,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 8.794025299497768,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y11-members",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2023",
    "value": 6021556,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2023-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2023-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2023-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2023-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2023-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2023-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y11-members-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y11-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y11-members",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.416160488910634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-members-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-members-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-members",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-members",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-members-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.254267487397886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-members-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-members",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.172927096418289,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-members",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-members",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-members",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y18-members",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -120,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y18-members-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y18-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y18-members-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y18-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y18-members",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 156.63315731113084,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 16.14722577747847,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 11.756101281439452,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 13.769222440880988,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 11.677125795203459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 18–29, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 10.843595180328176,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 13.769222440880988,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y18-members",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2023",
    "value": 9428235,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2023-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2023-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2023-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2023-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2023-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2023-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2023-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2023-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2023-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2023-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2023-29",
        "nta-pop-2024-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y18-members-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y18-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y18-members",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 169.52710447085252,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-members-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-members-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-members",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-members",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-members-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 46.12917199067917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-members-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.696571027918649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-members",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.4910002549878,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y18",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-members",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.43279231448955824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-members",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781175,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-members",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y30-members",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1120,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y30-members-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y30-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y30-members-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1190,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y30-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y30-members",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 120.22263648345049,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 17.554688629582635,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 12.78081450879014,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 12.245041244679228,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 7.466873445269429,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 30–39, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 6.933876908006133,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 12.245041244679228,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y30-members",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2023",
    "value": 8384579,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2023-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2023-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2023-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2023-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2023-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2023-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2023-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2023-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2023-39",
        "nta-pop-2024-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y30-members-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y30-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y30-members",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 231.93250479299618,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-members-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-members-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-members",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-members",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-members-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.56845420884907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-members-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.872027767164806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-members",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 24.708518860588327,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y30",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-members",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7672533081667998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-members",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-members",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y40-members",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y40-members-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y40-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y40-members-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y40-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y40-members",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 125.64875879486428,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 19.951525945575543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 14.525848772276253,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 12.508953039205897,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 7.604761300013871,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 40–49, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 7.061922122501194,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 12.508953039205897,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y40-members",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2023",
    "value": 8565288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2023-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2023-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2023-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2023-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2023-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2023-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2023-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2023-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2023-49",
        "nta-pop-2024-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y40-members-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2560,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y40-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y40-members",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 262.71079760235006,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-members-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-members-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-members",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-members",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-members-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.66752123992452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-members-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.330942219242973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-members",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.579373979471455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y40",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-members",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.749633464294523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-members",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.29038083840137,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-members",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y50-members",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y50-members-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y50-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y50-members-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1640,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y50-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y50-members",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 259.6810724651305,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 29.761641205687024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 21.66817217629537,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 19.317335228535537,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 13.84519741528992,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 50–64, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 12.856906622072923,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 19.317335228535537,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y50-members",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2023",
    "value": 13227209,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2023-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2023-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2023-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2023-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2023-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2023-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2023-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2023-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2023-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2023-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2023-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2023-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2023-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2023-64",
        "nta-pop-2024-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y50-members-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y50-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y50-members",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 371.6611939610918,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-members-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-members-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-members",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-members",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-members-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 65.89063118064165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-members-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.78883048605437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-members",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.01980069399022,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y50",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-members",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.786625706826469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-members",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.283237296020005,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-members",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y65-members",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2200,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y65-members-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y65-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y65-members-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3120,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y65-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y65-members",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 392.2097313780255,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.339622075908704,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.255891597401499,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 15.306847571942193,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 12.294813883760634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 65–79, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 11.417191774001596,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 15.306847571942193,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y65-members",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2023",
    "value": 10481097,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2023-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2023-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2023-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2023-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2023-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2023-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2023-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2023-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2023-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2023-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2023-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2023-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2023-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2023-79",
        "nta-pop-2024-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y65-members-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 920,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y65-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y65-members",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 115.78741550248101,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-members-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-members-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-members",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-members",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-members-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.141992294467336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-members-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.248990682404376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-members",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.251732088221914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y65",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-members",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.418517524354088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-members",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.1777921121375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-members",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y80-members",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2980,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y80-members-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y80-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y80-members-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3820,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y80-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y80-members",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 189.07306874803422,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 5.843844236635006,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 4.254651892875531,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 6.01822698472067,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 16.83380389392409,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 80 and over, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 15.632181923202829,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 6.01822698472067,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y80-members",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2023",
    "value": 4120876,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2023-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2023-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2023-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2023-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2023-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2023-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2023-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2023-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2023-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2023-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2023-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2023-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2023-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2023-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2023-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2023-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2023-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2023-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2023-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2023-100",
        "nta-pop-2024-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y80-members-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y80-members",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y80-members",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 41.424530092601174,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-members-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-members-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-members",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-members",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-members-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.534920976158837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-members-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.517742339710763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-members",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.732738539522154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y80",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-members",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7240554169599585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-members",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.214277536803447,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-members",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y00-agetail",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y00-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y00-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y00-agetail-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y00-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y00-agetail",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 35.355562586162264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y00",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 119.22881290745936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 100, 01: 350, 02: 750, 03: 1250, 04: 1750, 05: 2500, 06: 3500, 07: 5000, 08: 7000, 09: 9000, 10: 11000, 11: 13000, 12: 15000, 13: 17000, 14: 19000, 15: 21000, 16: 23000, 17: 25000, 18: 27000, 19: 29000, 20: 32500, 21: 37500, 22: 45000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 14 to 29 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-14",
        "nta-bts-n-14-00",
        "nta-bts-n-14-01",
        "nta-bts-n-14-02",
        "nta-bts-n-14-03",
        "nta-bts-n-14-04",
        "nta-bts-n-14-05",
        "nta-bts-n-14-06",
        "nta-bts-n-14-07",
        "nta-bts-n-14-08",
        "nta-bts-n-14-09",
        "nta-bts-n-14-10",
        "nta-bts-n-14-11",
        "nta-bts-n-14-12",
        "nta-bts-n-14-13",
        "nta-bts-n-14-14",
        "nta-bts-n-14-15",
        "nta-bts-n-14-16",
        "nta-bts-n-14-17",
        "nta-bts-n-14-18",
        "nta-bts-n-14-19",
        "nta-bts-n-14-20",
        "nta-bts-n-14-21",
        "nta-bts-n-14-22",
        "nta-bts-n-14-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-tail-14",
    "label": "Mean total net pay of employees aged 14 to 29 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
    "value": 62320.39320030255,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The mean of a Pareto tail above 50,000 euros whose coefficient α matches the employees paid 40,000 euros or more and 50,000 euros or more.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50,000 × α ÷ (α − 1), α = ln((Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights + Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights) ÷ Employees aged 14 to 29 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights) ÷ ln(50,000 ÷ 40,000)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-n-14-22",
        "nta-bts-n-14-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 169.25561478020182,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 100, 01: 350, 02: 750, 03: 1250, 04: 1750, 05: 2500, 06: 3500, 07: 5000, 08: 7000, 09: 9000, 10: 11000, 11: 13000, 12: 15000, 13: 17000, 14: 19000, 15: 21000, 16: 23000, 17: 25000, 18: 27000, 19: 29000, 20: 32500, 21: 37500, 22: 45000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 30 to 39 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-30",
        "nta-bts-n-30-00",
        "nta-bts-n-30-01",
        "nta-bts-n-30-02",
        "nta-bts-n-30-03",
        "nta-bts-n-30-04",
        "nta-bts-n-30-05",
        "nta-bts-n-30-06",
        "nta-bts-n-30-07",
        "nta-bts-n-30-08",
        "nta-bts-n-30-09",
        "nta-bts-n-30-10",
        "nta-bts-n-30-11",
        "nta-bts-n-30-12",
        "nta-bts-n-30-13",
        "nta-bts-n-30-14",
        "nta-bts-n-30-15",
        "nta-bts-n-30-16",
        "nta-bts-n-30-17",
        "nta-bts-n-30-18",
        "nta-bts-n-30-19",
        "nta-bts-n-30-20",
        "nta-bts-n-30-21",
        "nta-bts-n-30-22",
        "nta-bts-n-30-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-tail-30",
    "label": "Mean total net pay of employees aged 30 to 39 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
    "value": 72647.4592668486,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The mean of a Pareto tail above 50,000 euros whose coefficient α matches the employees paid 40,000 euros or more and 50,000 euros or more.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50,000 × α ÷ (α − 1), α = ln((Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights + Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights) ÷ Employees aged 30 to 39 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights) ÷ ln(50,000 ÷ 40,000)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-n-30-22",
        "nta-bts-n-30-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 193.52357896548486,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 100, 01: 350, 02: 750, 03: 1250, 04: 1750, 05: 2500, 06: 3500, 07: 5000, 08: 7000, 09: 9000, 10: 11000, 11: 13000, 12: 15000, 13: 17000, 14: 19000, 15: 21000, 16: 23000, 17: 25000, 18: 27000, 19: 29000, 20: 32500, 21: 37500, 22: 45000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 40 to 49 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-40",
        "nta-bts-n-40-00",
        "nta-bts-n-40-01",
        "nta-bts-n-40-02",
        "nta-bts-n-40-03",
        "nta-bts-n-40-04",
        "nta-bts-n-40-05",
        "nta-bts-n-40-06",
        "nta-bts-n-40-07",
        "nta-bts-n-40-08",
        "nta-bts-n-40-09",
        "nta-bts-n-40-10",
        "nta-bts-n-40-11",
        "nta-bts-n-40-12",
        "nta-bts-n-40-13",
        "nta-bts-n-40-14",
        "nta-bts-n-40-15",
        "nta-bts-n-40-16",
        "nta-bts-n-40-17",
        "nta-bts-n-40-18",
        "nta-bts-n-40-19",
        "nta-bts-n-40-20",
        "nta-bts-n-40-21",
        "nta-bts-n-40-22",
        "nta-bts-n-40-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-tail-40",
    "label": "Mean total net pay of employees aged 40 to 49 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
    "value": 79339.12340988968,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The mean of a Pareto tail above 50,000 euros whose coefficient α matches the employees paid 40,000 euros or more and 50,000 euros or more.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50,000 × α ÷ (α − 1), α = ln((Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights + Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights) ÷ Employees aged 40 to 49 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights) ÷ ln(50,000 ÷ 40,000)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-n-40-22",
        "nta-bts-n-40-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 197.7633567283437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 100, 01: 350, 02: 750, 03: 1250, 04: 1750, 05: 2500, 06: 3500, 07: 5000, 08: 7000, 09: 9000, 10: 11000, 11: 13000, 12: 15000, 13: 17000, 14: 19000, 15: 21000, 16: 23000, 17: 25000, 18: 27000, 19: 29000, 20: 32500, 21: 37500, 22: 45000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 50 to 59 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-50",
        "nta-bts-n-50-00",
        "nta-bts-n-50-01",
        "nta-bts-n-50-02",
        "nta-bts-n-50-03",
        "nta-bts-n-50-04",
        "nta-bts-n-50-05",
        "nta-bts-n-50-06",
        "nta-bts-n-50-07",
        "nta-bts-n-50-08",
        "nta-bts-n-50-09",
        "nta-bts-n-50-10",
        "nta-bts-n-50-11",
        "nta-bts-n-50-12",
        "nta-bts-n-50-13",
        "nta-bts-n-50-14",
        "nta-bts-n-50-15",
        "nta-bts-n-50-16",
        "nta-bts-n-50-17",
        "nta-bts-n-50-18",
        "nta-bts-n-50-19",
        "nta-bts-n-50-20",
        "nta-bts-n-50-21",
        "nta-bts-n-50-22",
        "nta-bts-n-50-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-tail-50",
    "label": "Mean total net pay of employees aged 50 to 59 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
    "value": 81303.9450092292,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The mean of a Pareto tail above 50,000 euros whose coefficient α matches the employees paid 40,000 euros or more and 50,000 euros or more.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50,000 × α ÷ (α − 1), α = ln((Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights + Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights) ÷ Employees aged 50 to 59 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights) ÷ ln(50,000 ÷ 40,000)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-n-50-22",
        "nta-bts-n-50-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 59.04294174709062,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 100, 01: 350, 02: 750, 03: 1250, 04: 1750, 05: 2500, 06: 3500, 07: 5000, 08: 7000, 09: 9000, 10: 11000, 11: 13000, 12: 15000, 13: 17000, 14: 19000, 15: 21000, 16: 23000, 17: 25000, 18: 27000, 19: 29000, 20: 32500, 21: 37500, 22: 45000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 60 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-60",
        "nta-bts-n-60-00",
        "nta-bts-n-60-01",
        "nta-bts-n-60-02",
        "nta-bts-n-60-03",
        "nta-bts-n-60-04",
        "nta-bts-n-60-05",
        "nta-bts-n-60-06",
        "nta-bts-n-60-07",
        "nta-bts-n-60-08",
        "nta-bts-n-60-09",
        "nta-bts-n-60-10",
        "nta-bts-n-60-11",
        "nta-bts-n-60-12",
        "nta-bts-n-60-13",
        "nta-bts-n-60-14",
        "nta-bts-n-60-15",
        "nta-bts-n-60-16",
        "nta-bts-n-60-17",
        "nta-bts-n-60-18",
        "nta-bts-n-60-19",
        "nta-bts-n-60-20",
        "nta-bts-n-60-21",
        "nta-bts-n-60-22",
        "nta-bts-n-60-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-tail-60",
    "label": "Mean total net pay of employees aged 60 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
    "value": 96128.54893657424,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The mean of a Pareto tail above 50,000 euros whose coefficient α matches the employees paid 40,000 euros or more and 50,000 euros or more.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50,000 × α ÷ (α − 1), α = ln((Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 40,000 to 50,000 euros, 2023, file weights + Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights) ÷ Employees aged 60 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023, file weights) ÷ ln(50,000 ÷ 40,000)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-n-60-22",
        "nta-bts-n-60-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 8.918910709764486,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.49347566381027,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y00-agetail",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2023",
    "value": 2039718,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2023-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2023-2",
        "nta-pop-2024-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y00-agetail-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y00-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y00-agetail",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y00",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-agetail",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-agetail",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-agetail-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-agetail-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-agetail",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y00",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-agetail",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-agetail",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y03-agetail",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y03-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y03-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y03-agetail-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y03-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y03-agetail",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 109.28776483122193,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y03",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.515898810134793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.38423111340763,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y03-agetail",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2023",
    "value": 6204701,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2023-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2023-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2023-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2023-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2023-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2023-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2023-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y03-agetail-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y03-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y03-agetail",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y03",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-agetail",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-agetail",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-agetail-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-agetail-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-agetail",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y03",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-agetail",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-agetail",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y11-agetail",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y11-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y11-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y11-agetail-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y11-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y11-agetail",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 122.80421473014385,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y11",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.08556051845699375,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.16152321499254618,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.750145857343286,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.0986622586034365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.16152321499254618,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y11-agetail",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2023",
    "value": 6021556,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2023-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2023-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2023-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2023-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2023-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2023-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y11-agetail-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y11-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y11-agetail",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.40893619085605,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-agetail",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-agetail",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-agetail-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.254267487397886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.2068918382593428,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.16152321499254618,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-agetail-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-agetail",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.17185188821528455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.17185188821528455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.11469411251422137,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-agetail",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-agetail",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.028350311497837167,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.11469411251422137,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.4528961272393576,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.16152321499254618,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.29467853824634405,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.1615232149925462,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.16152321499254618,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.16152321499254618,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.16152321499254618,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y18-agetail",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -50,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y18-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y18-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y18-agetail-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y18-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y18-agetail",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 161.81565984317655,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y18",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 8.094390269465812,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.280785615922483,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 19.237845188630516,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 14.006248478276383,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 15.280785615922483,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y18-agetail",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2023",
    "value": 9428235,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2023-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2023-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2023-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2023-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2023-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2023-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2023-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2023-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2023-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2023-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2023-29",
        "nta-pop-2024-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y18-agetail-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y18-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y18-agetail",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 167.98138542258442,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y18",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-agetail",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-agetail",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-agetail-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 46.12917199067917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on production",
    "value": 19.57285103736338,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.280785615922483,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-agetail-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.696571027918649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-agetail",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.28142086880991,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y18",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 16.714213183299467,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 11.155081665617281,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-agetail",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.43279231448955824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-agetail",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781175,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 10.387489175128296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 10.05093443683812,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.757334557733721,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 11.155081665617281,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pension contributions",
    "value": 42.845906868220396,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.280785615922483,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other contributions",
    "value": 27.877847582241305,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.280785615922483,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.280785615922483,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.280785615922483,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.280785615922483,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y30-agetail",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1020,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y30-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y30-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y30-agetail-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1250,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y30-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y30-agetail",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 126.21944139566311,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y30",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 12.077544287118881,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 22.800280054998208,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 22.48730309603546,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.37203915932997,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 22.800280054998208,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y30-agetail",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2023",
    "value": 8384579,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2023-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2023-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2023-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2023-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2023-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2023-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2023-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2023-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2023-39",
        "nta-pop-2024-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y30-agetail-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y30-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y30-agetail",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 228.75126862205832,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y30",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-agetail",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-agetail",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-agetail-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.56845420884907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on production",
    "value": 29.204420266300996,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 22.800280054998208,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-agetail-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.872027767164806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-agetail",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 24.27915151513638,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y30",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 26.04640482330318,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 17.383395180694883,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-agetail",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7672533081667998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-agetail",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 17.237020302663133,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 16.678540697143486,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.296861080830056,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 17.383395180694883,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pension contributions",
    "value": 63.92987247906115,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 22.800280054998208,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other contributions",
    "value": 41.596207693885944,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 22.800280054998208,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 22.800280054998208,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 22.800280054998208,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 22.800280054998208,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y40-agetail",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y40-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y40-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y40-agetail-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y40-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y40-agetail",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 130.18044046976345,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y40",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 13.698391001593125,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.86015366321599,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 23.349964742011093,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 17.000106037285427,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 25.86015366321599,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y40-agetail",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2023",
    "value": 8565288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2023-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2023-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2023-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2023-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2023-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2023-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2023-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2023-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2023-49",
        "nta-pop-2024-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y40-agetail-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2550,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y40-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y40-agetail",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 262.3677051576699,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y40",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-agetail",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-agetail",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-agetail-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.66752123992452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on production",
    "value": 33.123750844723666,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.86015366321599,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-agetail-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.330942219242973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-agetail",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.535140485000987,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y40",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 30.28477394929551,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 20.21208673865084,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-agetail",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.749633464294523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-agetail",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.29038083840137,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 21.276622403220337,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 20.587259655025093,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.996062504873597,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 20.21208673865084,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pension contributions",
    "value": 72.5094745323493,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.86015366321599,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other contributions",
    "value": 47.17855746403998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.86015366321599,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.86015366321599,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.86015366321599,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.86015366321599,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y50-agetail",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -720,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y50-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y50-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y50-agetail-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1650,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y50-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y50-agetail",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 261.6365409949991,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y50",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 17.8774818932936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.74954246948906,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 31.206307899173524,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 22.719971921997676,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 33.74954246948906,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y50-agetail",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2023",
    "value": 13227209,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2023-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2023-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2023-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2023-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2023-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2023-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2023-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2023-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2023-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2023-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2023-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2023-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2023-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2023-64",
        "nta-pop-2024-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y50-agetail-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2370,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y50-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y50-agetail",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 376.1153080809315,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y50",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-agetail",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-agetail",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-agetail-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 65.89063118064165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on production",
    "value": 43.22911033096124,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.74954246948906,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-agetail-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.78883048605437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-agetail",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.6175114330849,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y50",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 45.40413713991137,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 30.30276401276671,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-agetail",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.786625706826469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-agetail",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.283237296020005,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 35.10997098635669,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 33.97240762552238,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.49029553631939,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 30.30276401276671,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pension contributions",
    "value": 94.63058967243302,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.74954246948906,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other contributions",
    "value": 61.57174274825378,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.74954246948906,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.74954246948906,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.74954246948906,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.74954246948906,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y65-agetail",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2140,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y65-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y65-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y65-agetail-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3070,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y65-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y65-agetail",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 386.50257796616626,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y65",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.006504606925475,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.9001037271312002,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.826834497967736,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 4.970324865443628,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 1.9001037271312002,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y65-agetail",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2023",
    "value": 10481097,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2023-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2023-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2023-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2023-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2023-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2023-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2023-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2023-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2023-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2023-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2023-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2023-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2023-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2023-79",
        "nta-pop-2024-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y65-agetail-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y65-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y65-agetail",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 116.40734883878665,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y65",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-agetail",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-agetail",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-agetail-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.141992294467336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.4338046577870793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.9001037271312002,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-agetail-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.248990682404376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-agetail",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.337355531434515,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y65",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 22.7558730557886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.187291171048217,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-agetail",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.418517524354088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-agetail",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.1777921121375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.278452205531886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 13.815830231712864,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.7540238646005633,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.187291171048217,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pension contributions",
    "value": 5.3277147771637745,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.9001037271312002,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.4664973010430162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.9001037271312002,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.9001037271312002,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.9001037271312002,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.9001037271312002,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y80-agetail",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y80-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y80-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y80-agetail-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y80-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y80-agetail",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 186.8019971827037,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y80",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.13116224370869856,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.24761125425056515,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.058666244875534,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.954940501845592,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.24761125425056515,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y80-agetail",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2023",
    "value": 4120876,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2023-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2023-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2023-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2023-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2023-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2023-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2023-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2023-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2023-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2023-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2023-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2023-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2023-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2023-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2023-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2023-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2023-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2023-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2023-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2023-100",
        "nta-pop-2024-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y80-agetail-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y80-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y80-agetail",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 41.42775459839724,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y80",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-agetail",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-agetail",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-agetail-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.534920976158837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.31716027673152114,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.24761125425056515,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-agetail-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.517742339710763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-agetail",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.733659791518283,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y80",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.457715208478241,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.644687118707887,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-agetail",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7240554169599585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-agetail",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.214277536803447,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-agetail",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.058936954434504,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.8950273537580555,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.3952646270605649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.644687118707887,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.6942790119434901,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.24761125425056515,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.4517352038793156,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.24761125425056518,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24761125425056515,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24761125425056515,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24761125425056515,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y00-bandlow",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y00-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y00-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y00-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y00-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y00-bandlow",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 35.355562586162264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y00",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 111.81126460516126,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 0, 01: 200, 02: 500, 03: 1000, 04: 1500, 05: 2000, 06: 3000, 07: 4000, 08: 6000, 09: 8000, 10: 10000, 11: 12000, 12: 14000, 13: 16000, 14: 18000, 15: 20000, 16: 22000, 17: 24000, 18: 26000, 19: 28000, 20: 30000, 21: 35000, 22: 40000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-all",
        "nta-bts-n-14-00",
        "nta-bts-n-14-01",
        "nta-bts-n-14-02",
        "nta-bts-n-14-03",
        "nta-bts-n-14-04",
        "nta-bts-n-14-05",
        "nta-bts-n-14-06",
        "nta-bts-n-14-07",
        "nta-bts-n-14-08",
        "nta-bts-n-14-09",
        "nta-bts-n-14-10",
        "nta-bts-n-14-11",
        "nta-bts-n-14-12",
        "nta-bts-n-14-13",
        "nta-bts-n-14-14",
        "nta-bts-n-14-15",
        "nta-bts-n-14-16",
        "nta-bts-n-14-17",
        "nta-bts-n-14-18",
        "nta-bts-n-14-19",
        "nta-bts-n-14-20",
        "nta-bts-n-14-21",
        "nta-bts-n-14-22",
        "nta-bts-n-14-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 162.10355254344398,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 0, 01: 200, 02: 500, 03: 1000, 04: 1500, 05: 2000, 06: 3000, 07: 4000, 08: 6000, 09: 8000, 10: 10000, 11: 12000, 12: 14000, 13: 16000, 14: 18000, 15: 20000, 16: 22000, 17: 24000, 18: 26000, 19: 28000, 20: 30000, 21: 35000, 22: 40000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-all",
        "nta-bts-n-30-00",
        "nta-bts-n-30-01",
        "nta-bts-n-30-02",
        "nta-bts-n-30-03",
        "nta-bts-n-30-04",
        "nta-bts-n-30-05",
        "nta-bts-n-30-06",
        "nta-bts-n-30-07",
        "nta-bts-n-30-08",
        "nta-bts-n-30-09",
        "nta-bts-n-30-10",
        "nta-bts-n-30-11",
        "nta-bts-n-30-12",
        "nta-bts-n-30-13",
        "nta-bts-n-30-14",
        "nta-bts-n-30-15",
        "nta-bts-n-30-16",
        "nta-bts-n-30-17",
        "nta-bts-n-30-18",
        "nta-bts-n-30-19",
        "nta-bts-n-30-20",
        "nta-bts-n-30-21",
        "nta-bts-n-30-22",
        "nta-bts-n-30-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 182.9541489142459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 0, 01: 200, 02: 500, 03: 1000, 04: 1500, 05: 2000, 06: 3000, 07: 4000, 08: 6000, 09: 8000, 10: 10000, 11: 12000, 12: 14000, 13: 16000, 14: 18000, 15: 20000, 16: 22000, 17: 24000, 18: 26000, 19: 28000, 20: 30000, 21: 35000, 22: 40000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-all",
        "nta-bts-n-40-00",
        "nta-bts-n-40-01",
        "nta-bts-n-40-02",
        "nta-bts-n-40-03",
        "nta-bts-n-40-04",
        "nta-bts-n-40-05",
        "nta-bts-n-40-06",
        "nta-bts-n-40-07",
        "nta-bts-n-40-08",
        "nta-bts-n-40-09",
        "nta-bts-n-40-10",
        "nta-bts-n-40-11",
        "nta-bts-n-40-12",
        "nta-bts-n-40-13",
        "nta-bts-n-40-14",
        "nta-bts-n-40-15",
        "nta-bts-n-40-16",
        "nta-bts-n-40-17",
        "nta-bts-n-40-18",
        "nta-bts-n-40-19",
        "nta-bts-n-40-20",
        "nta-bts-n-40-21",
        "nta-bts-n-40-22",
        "nta-bts-n-40-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 185.8534583205208,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 0, 01: 200, 02: 500, 03: 1000, 04: 1500, 05: 2000, 06: 3000, 07: 4000, 08: 6000, 09: 8000, 10: 10000, 11: 12000, 12: 14000, 13: 16000, 14: 18000, 15: 20000, 16: 22000, 17: 24000, 18: 26000, 19: 28000, 20: 30000, 21: 35000, 22: 40000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-all",
        "nta-bts-n-50-00",
        "nta-bts-n-50-01",
        "nta-bts-n-50-02",
        "nta-bts-n-50-03",
        "nta-bts-n-50-04",
        "nta-bts-n-50-05",
        "nta-bts-n-50-06",
        "nta-bts-n-50-07",
        "nta-bts-n-50-08",
        "nta-bts-n-50-09",
        "nta-bts-n-50-10",
        "nta-bts-n-50-11",
        "nta-bts-n-50-12",
        "nta-bts-n-50-13",
        "nta-bts-n-50-14",
        "nta-bts-n-50-15",
        "nta-bts-n-50-16",
        "nta-bts-n-50-17",
        "nta-bts-n-50-18",
        "nta-bts-n-50-19",
        "nta-bts-n-50-20",
        "nta-bts-n-50-21",
        "nta-bts-n-50-22",
        "nta-bts-n-50-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 52.08514885220221,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 0, 01: 200, 02: 500, 03: 1000, 04: 1500, 05: 2000, 06: 3000, 07: 4000, 08: 6000, 09: 8000, 10: 10000, 11: 12000, 12: 14000, 13: 16000, 14: 18000, 15: 20000, 16: 22000, 17: 24000, 18: 26000, 19: 28000, 20: 30000, 21: 35000, 22: 40000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-all",
        "nta-bts-n-60-00",
        "nta-bts-n-60-01",
        "nta-bts-n-60-02",
        "nta-bts-n-60-03",
        "nta-bts-n-60-04",
        "nta-bts-n-60-05",
        "nta-bts-n-60-06",
        "nta-bts-n-60-07",
        "nta-bts-n-60-08",
        "nta-bts-n-60-09",
        "nta-bts-n-60-10",
        "nta-bts-n-60-11",
        "nta-bts-n-60-12",
        "nta-bts-n-60-13",
        "nta-bts-n-60-14",
        "nta-bts-n-60-15",
        "nta-bts-n-60-16",
        "nta-bts-n-60-17",
        "nta-bts-n-60-18",
        "nta-bts-n-60-19",
        "nta-bts-n-60-20",
        "nta-bts-n-60-21",
        "nta-bts-n-60-22",
        "nta-bts-n-60-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 8.918910709764486,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.49347566381027,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y00-bandlow",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2023",
    "value": 2039718,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2023-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2023-2",
        "nta-pop-2024-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y00-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y00-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y00-bandlow",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y00",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-bandlow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-bandlow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-bandlow",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y00",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-bandlow",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-bandlow",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y03-bandlow",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y03-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y03-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y03-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y03-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y03-bandlow",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 109.28776483122193,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y03",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.515898810134793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.38423111340763,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y03-bandlow",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2023",
    "value": 6204701,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2023-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2023-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2023-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2023-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2023-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2023-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2023-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y03-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y03-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y03-bandlow",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y03",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-bandlow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-bandlow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-bandlow",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y03",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-bandlow",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-bandlow",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y11-bandlow",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y11-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y11-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y11-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y11-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y11-bandlow",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 122.7912608051043,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y11",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.07779024316087947,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.14685430145812908,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.744962207599837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.0948882659540935,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.14685430145812908,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y11-bandlow",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2023",
    "value": 6021556,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2023-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2023-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2023-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2023-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2023-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2023-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y11-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y11-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y11-bandlow",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.304073646034205,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-bandlow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-bandlow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.254267487397886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.1881027218679748,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.14685430145812908,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-bandlow",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.1562449645351642,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.1562449645351642,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.10427803690889448,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-bandlow",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-bandlow",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.025775645880546438,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.10427803690889448,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.4117658529883586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.14685430145812908,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.26791697336427106,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.14685430145812908,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.14685430145812908,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.14685430145812908,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.14685430145812908,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y18-bandlow",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -50,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y18-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y18-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y18-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y18-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y18-bandlow",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 161.79124789386847,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y18",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 8.079747019172242,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.253141734047842,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 19.228076489616022,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 13.99913630826124,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 15.253141734047842,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y18-bandlow",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2023",
    "value": 9428235,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2023-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2023-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2023-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2023-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2023-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2023-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2023-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2023-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2023-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2023-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2023-29",
        "nta-pop-2024-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y18-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y18-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y18-bandlow",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 167.7682252499433,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y18",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-bandlow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-bandlow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 46.12917199067917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on production",
    "value": 19.53744254491892,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.253141734047842,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.696571027918649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-bandlow",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.25200928671641,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y18",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 16.68480160120597,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 11.135452347947945,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-bandlow",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.43279231448955824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-bandlow",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781175,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 10.371944715152493,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 10.03589361749874,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.7524825452091313,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 11.135452347947945,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pension contributions",
    "value": 42.76839598507295,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.253141734047842,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other contributions",
    "value": 27.827414839785998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.253141734047844,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.253141734047842,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.253141734047842,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.253141734047842,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y30-bandlow",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1040,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y30-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y30-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y30-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y30-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y30-bandlow",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 126.56605695442366,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y30",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 12.285457973917328,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 23.19278453882177,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 22.62600496799757,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.473022032622424,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 23.19278453882177,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y30-bandlow",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2023",
    "value": 8384579,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2023-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2023-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2023-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2023-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2023-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2023-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2023-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2023-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2023-39",
        "nta-pop-2024-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y30-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y30-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y30-bandlow",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 231.8381154794514,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y30",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-bandlow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-bandlow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.56845420884907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on production",
    "value": 29.707171367355034,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 23.19278453882177,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.872027767164806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-bandlow",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 24.696754871292665,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y30",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 26.464008179459466,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 17.66210405503267,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-bandlow",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7672533081667998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-bandlow",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 17.51800025442917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 16.950416896064432,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.365752876855839,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 17.66210405503267,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pension contributions",
    "value": 65.03041868015043,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 23.19278453882177,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other contributions",
    "value": 42.312282145187574,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 23.19278453882177,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.19278453882177,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.19278453882177,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.19278453882177,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y40-bandlow",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y40-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y40-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y40-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y40-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y40-bandlow",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 130.2937444842078,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y40",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 13.766355219519257,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.988458156712024,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 23.395304538529317,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 17.033115994989217,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 25.988458156712024,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y40-bandlow",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2023",
    "value": 8565288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2023-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2023-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2023-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2023-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2023-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2023-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2023-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2023-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2023-49",
        "nta-pop-2024-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y40-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2560,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y40-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y40-bandlow",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 263.38644583649017,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y40",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-bandlow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-bandlow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.66752123992452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on production",
    "value": 33.28809349056286,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.988458156712024,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.330942219242973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-bandlow",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.67164946592249,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y40",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 30.42128293021701,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 20.303192961454737,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-bandlow",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.749633464294523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-bandlow",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.29038083840137,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 21.37816252260554,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 20.685509873672064,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 5.018582316390179,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 20.303192961454737,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pension contributions",
    "value": 72.86922844273576,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.988458156712024,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other contributions",
    "value": 47.412632674811356,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.988458156712024,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.988458156712024,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.988458156712024,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.988458156712024,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y50-bandlow",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y50-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y50-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y50-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1650,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y50-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y50-bandlow",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 261.2890523108354,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y50",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 17.669044471431867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.35604926595282,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 31.06725663687158,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 22.61873467261124,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 33.35604926595282,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y50-bandlow",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2023",
    "value": 13227209,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2023-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2023-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2023-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2023-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2023-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2023-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2023-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2023-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2023-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2023-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2023-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2023-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2023-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2023-64",
        "nta-pop-2024-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y50-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2350,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y50-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y50-bandlow",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 372.98780911624914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y50",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-bandlow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-bandlow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 65.89063118064165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on production",
    "value": 42.725092798707884,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.35604926595282,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.78883048605437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-bandlow",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.19885613309778,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y50",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 44.98548183992425,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 30.023353070122628,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-bandlow",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.786625706826469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-bandlow",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.283237296020005,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 34.79540691259853,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 33.66803543044965,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.4212302016982985,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 30.023353070122628,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pension contributions",
    "value": 93.52727119288942,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.35604926595282,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other contributions",
    "value": 60.853864503734705,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.35604926595283,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.35604926595282,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.35604926595282,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.35604926595282,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y65-bandlow",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2150,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y65-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y65-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y65-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3070,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y65-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y65-bandlow",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 386.4285000208619,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y65",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.9620697328137837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.8162184976615234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.797191426775089,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 4.948743018999161,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 1.8162184976615234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y65-bandlow",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2023",
    "value": 10481097,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2023-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2023-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2023-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2023-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2023-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2023-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2023-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2023-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2023-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2023-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2023-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2023-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2023-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2023-79",
        "nta-pop-2024-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y65-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 920,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y65-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y65-bandlow",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 115.75465093050197,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y65",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-bandlow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-bandlow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.141992294467336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.3263577540798375,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.8162184976615234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.248990682404376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-bandlow",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.24810622396869,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y65",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 22.666623748322777,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.127726098946837,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-bandlow",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.418517524354088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-bandlow",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.1777921121375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.22541824744481,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 13.764514574322284,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.7393004554259566,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.127726098946837,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pension contributions",
    "value": 5.092508366982089,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.8162184976615234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.313459381374786,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.8162184976615232,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8162184976615234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8162184976615234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8162184976615234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y80-bandlow",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y80-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y80-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y80-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y80-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y80-bandlow",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 186.80101011331442,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y80",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.13057016054722279,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.24649350534593942,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.058271258647746,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.95465292934474,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.24649350534593942,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y80-bandlow",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2023",
    "value": 4120876,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2023-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2023-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2023-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2023-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2023-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2023-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2023-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2023-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2023-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2023-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2023-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2023-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2023-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2023-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2023-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2023-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2023-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2023-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2023-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2023-100",
        "nta-pop-2024-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y80-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y80-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y80-bandlow",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 41.42038665261372,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y80",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-bandlow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-bandlow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.534920976158837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.3157285746346984,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.24649350534593942,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.517742339710763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-bandlow",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.732470567666958,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y80",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.456525984626916,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.643893429586256,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-bandlow",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7240554169599585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-bandlow",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.214277536803447,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.059559375104243,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.895629607992761,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.3950684414557641,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.643893429586256,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.6911449475914749,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.24649350534593942,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.4496960133310296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.24649350534593942,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24649350534593942,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24649350534593942,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24649350534593942,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y00-bandhigh",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y00-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y00-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y00-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y00-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y00-bandhigh",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 35.355562586162264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 14 to 29, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 128.32211020516127,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 200, 01: 500, 02: 1000, 03: 1500, 04: 2000, 05: 3000, 06: 4000, 07: 6000, 08: 8000, 09: 10000, 10: 12000, 11: 14000, 12: 16000, 13: 18000, 14: 20000, 15: 22000, 16: 24000, 17: 26000, 18: 28000, 19: 30000, 20: 35000, 21: 40000, 22: 50000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-all",
        "nta-bts-n-14-00",
        "nta-bts-n-14-01",
        "nta-bts-n-14-02",
        "nta-bts-n-14-03",
        "nta-bts-n-14-04",
        "nta-bts-n-14-05",
        "nta-bts-n-14-06",
        "nta-bts-n-14-07",
        "nta-bts-n-14-08",
        "nta-bts-n-14-09",
        "nta-bts-n-14-10",
        "nta-bts-n-14-11",
        "nta-bts-n-14-12",
        "nta-bts-n-14-13",
        "nta-bts-n-14-14",
        "nta-bts-n-14-15",
        "nta-bts-n-14-16",
        "nta-bts-n-14-17",
        "nta-bts-n-14-18",
        "nta-bts-n-14-19",
        "nta-bts-n-14-20",
        "nta-bts-n-14-21",
        "nta-bts-n-14-22",
        "nta-bts-n-14-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 30 to 39, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 180.71900374344398,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 200, 01: 500, 02: 1000, 03: 1500, 04: 2000, 05: 3000, 06: 4000, 07: 6000, 08: 8000, 09: 10000, 10: 12000, 11: 14000, 12: 16000, 13: 18000, 14: 20000, 15: 22000, 16: 24000, 17: 26000, 18: 28000, 19: 30000, 20: 35000, 21: 40000, 22: 50000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-all",
        "nta-bts-n-30-00",
        "nta-bts-n-30-01",
        "nta-bts-n-30-02",
        "nta-bts-n-30-03",
        "nta-bts-n-30-04",
        "nta-bts-n-30-05",
        "nta-bts-n-30-06",
        "nta-bts-n-30-07",
        "nta-bts-n-30-08",
        "nta-bts-n-30-09",
        "nta-bts-n-30-10",
        "nta-bts-n-30-11",
        "nta-bts-n-30-12",
        "nta-bts-n-30-13",
        "nta-bts-n-30-14",
        "nta-bts-n-30-15",
        "nta-bts-n-30-16",
        "nta-bts-n-30-17",
        "nta-bts-n-30-18",
        "nta-bts-n-30-19",
        "nta-bts-n-30-20",
        "nta-bts-n-30-21",
        "nta-bts-n-30-22",
        "nta-bts-n-30-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 40 to 49, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 202.39888291424592,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 200, 01: 500, 02: 1000, 03: 1500, 04: 2000, 05: 3000, 06: 4000, 07: 6000, 08: 8000, 09: 10000, 10: 12000, 11: 14000, 12: 16000, 13: 18000, 14: 20000, 15: 22000, 16: 24000, 17: 26000, 18: 28000, 19: 30000, 20: 35000, 21: 40000, 22: 50000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-all",
        "nta-bts-n-40-00",
        "nta-bts-n-40-01",
        "nta-bts-n-40-02",
        "nta-bts-n-40-03",
        "nta-bts-n-40-04",
        "nta-bts-n-40-05",
        "nta-bts-n-40-06",
        "nta-bts-n-40-07",
        "nta-bts-n-40-08",
        "nta-bts-n-40-09",
        "nta-bts-n-40-10",
        "nta-bts-n-40-11",
        "nta-bts-n-40-12",
        "nta-bts-n-40-13",
        "nta-bts-n-40-14",
        "nta-bts-n-40-15",
        "nta-bts-n-40-16",
        "nta-bts-n-40-17",
        "nta-bts-n-40-18",
        "nta-bts-n-40-19",
        "nta-bts-n-40-20",
        "nta-bts-n-40-21",
        "nta-bts-n-40-22",
        "nta-bts-n-40-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 50 to 59, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 204.9139451205208,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 200, 01: 500, 02: 1000, 03: 1500, 04: 2000, 05: 3000, 06: 4000, 07: 6000, 08: 8000, 09: 10000, 10: 12000, 11: 14000, 12: 16000, 13: 18000, 14: 20000, 15: 22000, 16: 24000, 17: 26000, 18: 28000, 19: 30000, 20: 35000, 21: 40000, 22: 50000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-all",
        "nta-bts-n-50-00",
        "nta-bts-n-50-01",
        "nta-bts-n-50-02",
        "nta-bts-n-50-03",
        "nta-bts-n-50-04",
        "nta-bts-n-50-05",
        "nta-bts-n-50-06",
        "nta-bts-n-50-07",
        "nta-bts-n-50-08",
        "nta-bts-n-50-09",
        "nta-bts-n-50-10",
        "nta-bts-n-50-11",
        "nta-bts-n-50-12",
        "nta-bts-n-50-13",
        "nta-bts-n-50-14",
        "nta-bts-n-50-15",
        "nta-bts-n-50-16",
        "nta-bts-n-50-17",
        "nta-bts-n-50-18",
        "nta-bts-n-50-19",
        "nta-bts-n-50-20",
        "nta-bts-n-50-21",
        "nta-bts-n-50-22",
        "nta-bts-n-50-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
    "label": "Employees' total net pay, ages 60 to 100, 2023, file weights, € billion",
    "value": 57.49543285220221,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sum over the bands of total annual net pay of the employees in the band times its value: the closed bands at the stated value, the open band at its Pareto mean. A sum on the reduced file's weights, not a volume: only its shape across ages is used.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over bands of employees × band value ÷ 10⁹; band values in euros 00: 200, 01: 500, 02: 1000, 03: 1500, 04: 2000, 05: 3000, 06: 4000, 07: 6000, 08: 8000, 09: 10000, 10: 12000, 11: 14000, 12: 16000, 13: 18000, 14: 20000, 15: 22000, 16: 24000, 17: 26000, 18: 28000, 19: 30000, 20: 35000, 21: 40000, 22: 50000; band 23 at Mean total net pay of employees aged 0 to 100 paid 50,000 euros or more, 2023",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-tail-all",
        "nta-bts-n-60-00",
        "nta-bts-n-60-01",
        "nta-bts-n-60-02",
        "nta-bts-n-60-03",
        "nta-bts-n-60-04",
        "nta-bts-n-60-05",
        "nta-bts-n-60-06",
        "nta-bts-n-60-07",
        "nta-bts-n-60-08",
        "nta-bts-n-60-09",
        "nta-bts-n-60-10",
        "nta-bts-n-60-11",
        "nta-bts-n-60-12",
        "nta-bts-n-60-13",
        "nta-bts-n-60-14",
        "nta-bts-n-60-15",
        "nta-bts-n-60-16",
        "nta-bts-n-60-17",
        "nta-bts-n-60-18",
        "nta-bts-n-60-19",
        "nta-bts-n-60-20",
        "nta-bts-n-60-21",
        "nta-bts-n-60-22",
        "nta-bts-n-60-23"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 8.918910709764486,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.49347566381027,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y00-bandhigh",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2023",
    "value": 2039718,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2023-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2023-2",
        "nta-pop-2024-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y00-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y00-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y00-bandhigh",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-bandhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-bandhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-bandhigh",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y00",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-bandhigh",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-bandhigh",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y03-bandhigh",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y03-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y03-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y03-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y03-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y03-bandhigh",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 109.28776483122193,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.515898810134793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.38423111340763,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y03-bandhigh",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2023",
    "value": 6204701,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2023-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2023-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2023-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2023-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2023-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2023-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2023-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y03-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y03-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y03-bandhigh",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-bandhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-bandhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-bandhigh",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y03",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-bandhigh",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-bandhigh",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y11-bandhigh",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y11-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y11-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y11-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y11-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y11-bandhigh",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 122.81753924336732,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.09355308716623222,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.17661177940574482,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.75547780185751,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.102544218303514,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.17661177940574482,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y11-bandhigh",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2023",
    "value": 6021556,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2023-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2023-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2023-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2023-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2023-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2023-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y11-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y11-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y11-bandhigh",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.51679866194937,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-bandhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-bandhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.254267487397886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.22621847702322095,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.17661177940574482,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-bandhigh",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.18790529753471755,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.18790529753471755,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.1254081730569448,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-bandhigh",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-bandhigh",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.030998633605523667,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.1254081730569448,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.4952030636673788,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.17661177940574482,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.3222057027206418,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.17661177940574482,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.17661177940574482,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.17661177940574482,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.17661177940574482,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y18-bandhigh",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -80,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y18-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y18-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y18-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y18-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y18-bandhigh",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 162.16771712748562,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 8.305568117934854,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.679452263052179,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 19.378724624470543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 14.10881674226371,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 15.679452263052179,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y18-bandhigh",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2023",
    "value": 9428235,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2023-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2023-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2023-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2023-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2023-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2023-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2023-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2023-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2023-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2023-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2023-29",
        "nta-pop-2024-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y18-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1510,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y18-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y18-bandhigh",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 171.1064424734254,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-bandhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-bandhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 46.12917199067917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on production",
    "value": 20.083495129490686,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.679452263052179,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.696571027918649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-bandhigh",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.70558043052279,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y18",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 17.138372745012347,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 11.438166157736077,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-bandhigh",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.43279231448955824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-bandhigh",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781175,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 10.662628332900479,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 10.317159083540666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.8273079273849295,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 11.438166157736077,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pension contributions",
    "value": 43.96373120420127,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.679452263052179,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other contributions",
    "value": 28.60516411583787,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.679452263052182,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.679452263052179,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.679452263052179,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.679452263052179,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y30-bandhigh",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1050,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y30-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y30-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y30-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y30-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y30-bandhigh",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 126.58458811510495,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 12.296573695184074,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 23.213769066128815,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 22.633420407412103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.478420895436695,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 23.213769066128815,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y30-bandhigh",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2023",
    "value": 8384579,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2023-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2023-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2023-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2023-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2023-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2023-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2023-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2023-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2023-39",
        "nta-pop-2024-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y30-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y30-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y30-bandhigh",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 232.01726436523688,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-bandhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-bandhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.56845420884907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on production",
    "value": 29.734050026436698,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 23.213769066128815,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.872027767164806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-bandhigh",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 24.719081263453635,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y30",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 26.486334571620436,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 17.67700471024886,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-bandhigh",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7672533081667998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-bandhigh",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 17.547138648289806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 16.97861120571428,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.369436049493391,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 17.67700471024886,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pension contributions",
    "value": 65.08925735018154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 23.213769066128815,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other contributions",
    "value": 42.35056574320113,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 23.21376906612882,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.213769066128815,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.213769066128815,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.213769066128815,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y40-bandhigh",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y40-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y40-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y40-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y40-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y40-bandhigh",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 130.14838802192332,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 13.679164678847588,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.82385774638018,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 23.337138616916505,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.990767886711556,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 25.82385774638018,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y40-bandhigh",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2023",
    "value": 8565288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2023-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2023-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2023-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2023-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2023-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2023-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2023-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2023-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2023-49",
        "nta-pop-2024-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y40-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2550,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y40-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y40-bandhigh",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 262.1041198754612,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-bandhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-bandhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.66752123992452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on production",
    "value": 33.07726013466805,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.82385774638018,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.330942219242973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-bandhigh",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.496523609754743,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y40",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 30.246157074049265,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 20.186313799636682,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-bandhigh",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.749633464294523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-bandhigh",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.29038083840137,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 21.27250297696039,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 20.583273698211276,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.989691900199573,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 20.186313799636682,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pension contributions",
    "value": 72.40770414491429,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.82385774638018,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other contributions",
    "value": 47.11234018550216,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.82385774638018,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.82385774638018,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.82385774638018,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.82385774638018,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y50-bandhigh",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -690,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y50-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y50-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y50-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1640,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y50-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y50-bandhigh",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 261.0069962579694,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 17.49985612326627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.036651412505705,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 30.954388932171145,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 22.536560546470476,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 33.036651412505705,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y50-bandhigh",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2023",
    "value": 13227209,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2023-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2023-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2023-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2023-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2023-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2023-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2023-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2023-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2023-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2023-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2023-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2023-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2023-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2023-64",
        "nta-pop-2024-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y50-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2330,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y50-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y50-bandhigh",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 370.4699903999687,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-bandhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-bandhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 65.89063118064165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on production",
    "value": 42.315982510513024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.036651412505705,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.78883048605437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-bandhigh",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 38.859034243041144,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y50",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 44.645659949867614,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 29.796555619726707,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-bandhigh",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.786625706826469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-bandhigh",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.283237296020005,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 34.56084330205707,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 33.44107168289984,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.3651699713630885,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 29.796555619726707,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pension contributions",
    "value": 92.6317092089267,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.036651412505705,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other contributions",
    "value": 60.271163790545195,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.036651412505705,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.036651412505705,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.036651412505705,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.036651412505705,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y65-bandhigh",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2150,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y65-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y65-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y65-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3070,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y65-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y65-bandhigh",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 386.4342115822315,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.9654957526553949,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.8226862207354952,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.799476968303058,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 4.950407023581496,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 1.8226862207354952,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y65-bandhigh",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2023",
    "value": 10481097,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2023-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2023-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2023-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2023-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2023-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2023-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2023-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2023-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2023-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2023-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2023-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2023-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2023-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2023-79",
        "nta-pop-2024-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y65-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 920,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y65-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y65-bandhigh",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 115.81683909563152,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-bandhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-bandhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.141992294467336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.3346421305156837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.8226862207354952,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.248990682404376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-bandhigh",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.254987528447227,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y65",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 22.673505052801314,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.132318688055415,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-bandhigh",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.418517524354088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-bandhigh",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.1777921121375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.241371093295363,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 13.779950547830571,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.740435660441764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.132318688055415,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pension contributions",
    "value": 5.110643263147904,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.8226862207354952,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.3252589185577737,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.8226862207354955,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8226862207354952,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8226862207354952,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8226862207354952,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y80-bandhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y80-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y80-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y80-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y80-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y80-bandhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 186.80143223453382,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.1308233655081257,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.2469715117918407,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.0584401749062575,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.9547759100146402,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.2469715117918407,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y80-bandhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2023",
    "value": 4120876,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2023-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2023-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2023-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2023-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2023-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2023-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2023-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2023-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2023-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2023-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2023-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2023-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2023-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2023-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2023-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2023-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2023-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2023-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2023-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2023-100",
        "nta-pop-2024-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y80-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y80-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y80-bandhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 41.42825203961029,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-bandhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-bandhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.534920976158837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.3163408434797489,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.2469715117918407,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.517742339710763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-bandhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.7329791404458685,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y80",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.457034557405827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.644232851539264,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-bandhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7240554169599585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-bandhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.214277536803447,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.064007673831732,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.899933781803359,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.395152340427438,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.644232851539264,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.6924852333711639,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.2469715117918407,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.4505680752247767,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.2469715117918407,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.2469715117918407,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.2469715117918407,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.2469715117918407,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y00-paymid",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y00-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y00-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y00-paymid-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y00-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y00-paymid",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 35.355562586162264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y00",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-salary-15",
    "label": "Mean revenu salarial, ages 15 to 24, 2023",
    "value": 10170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 8 “Moins de 25 ans”, column B",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-salary-25",
    "label": "Mean revenu salarial, ages 25 to 39, 2023",
    "value": 23480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 9 “25-39 ans”, column B",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-salary-40",
    "label": "Mean revenu salarial, ages 40 to 49, 2023",
    "value": 29110,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 10 “40-49 ans”, column B",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-salary-50",
    "label": "Mean revenu salarial, ages 50 to 54, 2023",
    "value": 31010,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 11 “50-54 ans”, column B",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-salary-55",
    "label": "Mean revenu salarial, ages 55 to 74, 2023",
    "value": 28730,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 12 “55 ans ou plus”, column B",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
    "label": "Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 15 to 24, 2023",
    "value": 21260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 8 “Moins de 25 ans”, column C",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
    "label": "Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 25 to 39, 2023",
    "value": 29790,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 9 “25-39 ans”, column C",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
    "label": "Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 40 to 49, 2023",
    "value": 34720,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 10 “40-49 ans”, column C",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
    "label": "Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 50 to 54, 2023",
    "value": 36340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 11 “50-54 ans”, column C",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
    "label": "Mean full-time-equivalent salary, ages 55 to 74, 2023",
    "value": 37700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 12 “55 ans ou plus”, column C",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
    "label": "Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 15 to 24, 2023",
    "value": 0.48,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 8 “Moins de 25 ans”, column D",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
    "label": "Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 25 to 39, 2023",
    "value": 0.79,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 9 “25-39 ans”, column D",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
    "label": "Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 40 to 49, 2023",
    "value": 0.84,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 10 “40-49 ans”, column D",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
    "label": "Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 50 to 54, 2023",
    "value": 0.86,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 11 “50-54 ans”, column D",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
    "label": "Mean volume of work, full-time-equivalent years, ages 55 to 74, 2023",
    "value": 0.77,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Insee's panel of all employees, 2023, net euros or full-time-equivalent years.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8733097",
      "location": "Sheet “Figure 1”, row 12 “55 ans ou plus”, column D",
      "published": "2 July 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-employed-15-19",
    "label": "People in employment, ages 15 to 19, 2023, thousands",
    "value": 612.7,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8217921",
      "location": "Sheet “PEMP01”, row 10 “De 15 à 19 ans”, column F",
      "published": "15 July 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-employed-20-24",
    "label": "People in employment, ages 20 to 24, 2023, thousands",
    "value": 2165.2,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8217921",
      "location": "Sheet “PEMP01”, row 11 “De 20 à 24 ans”, column F",
      "published": "15 July 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-employed-25-29",
    "label": "People in employment, ages 25 to 29, 2023, thousands",
    "value": 2853.6,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8217921",
      "location": "Sheet “PEMP01”, row 13 “De 25 à 29 ans”, column F",
      "published": "15 July 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-employed-30-34",
    "label": "People in employment, ages 30 to 34, 2023, thousands",
    "value": 3222.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8217921",
      "location": "Sheet “PEMP01”, row 14 “De 30 à 34 ans”, column F",
      "published": "15 July 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-employed-35-39",
    "label": "People in employment, ages 35 to 39, 2023, thousands",
    "value": 3420.7,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8217921",
      "location": "Sheet “PEMP01”, row 15 “De 35 à 39 ans”, column F",
      "published": "15 July 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-employed-40-44",
    "label": "People in employment, ages 40 to 44, 2023, thousands",
    "value": 3528.3,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8217921",
      "location": "Sheet “PEMP01”, row 16 “De 40 à 44 ans”, column F",
      "published": "15 July 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-employed-45-49",
    "label": "People in employment, ages 45 to 49, 2023, thousands",
    "value": 3515.1,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8217921",
      "location": "Sheet “PEMP01”, row 17 “De 45 à 49 ans”, column F",
      "published": "15 July 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-employed-50-54",
    "label": "People in employment, ages 50 to 54, 2023, thousands",
    "value": 3700.1,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8217921",
      "location": "Sheet “PEMP01”, row 19 “De 50 à 54 ans”, column F",
      "published": "15 July 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-employed-55-59",
    "label": "People in employment, ages 55 to 59, 2023, thousands",
    "value": 3370.5,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8217921",
      "location": "Sheet “PEMP01”, row 20 “De 55 à 59 ans”, column F",
      "published": "15 July 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-employed-60-64",
    "label": "People in employment, ages 60 to 64, 2023, thousands",
    "value": 1623.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8217921",
      "location": "Sheet “PEMP01”, row 21 “De 60 à 64 ans”, column F",
      "published": "15 July 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-employees-15-24",
    "label": "Employees, ages 15 to 24, 2023, thousands",
    "value": 2694.6,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8217921",
      "location": "Sheet “ENSEMBLE”, row 14 “Total”, column D",
      "published": "15 July 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-employees-25-49",
    "label": "Employees, ages 25 to 49, 2023, thousands",
    "value": 14461.3,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8217921",
      "location": "Sheet “ENSEMBLE”, row 14 “Total”, column F",
      "published": "15 July 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-employees-50-64",
    "label": "Employees, ages 50 to 64, 2023, thousands",
    "value": 7401.8,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8217921",
      "location": "Sheet “ENSEMBLE”, row 14 “Total”, column H",
      "published": "15 July 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-employees-65-74",
    "label": "Employees, ages 65 to 74, 2023, thousands",
    "value": 339.5,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Yearly average of the Enquête emploi, thousands of people.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8217921",
      "location": "Sheet “ENSEMBLE”, row 14 “Total”, column J",
      "published": "15 July 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 8.918910709764486,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.49347566381027,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y00-paymid",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2023",
    "value": 2039718,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2023-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2023-2",
        "nta-pop-2024-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y00-paymid-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y00-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y00-paymid",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y00",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-paymid",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-paymid",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-paymid-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-paymid-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-paymid",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y00",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-paymid",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-paymid",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y03-paymid",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y03-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y03-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y03-paymid-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y03-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y03-paymid",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 109.28776483122193,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y03",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.515898810134793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.38423111340763,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y03-paymid",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2023",
    "value": 6204701,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2023-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2023-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2023-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2023-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2023-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2023-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2023-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y03-paymid-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y03-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y03-paymid",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y03",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-paymid",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-paymid",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-paymid-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-paymid-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-paymid",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y03",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-paymid",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-paymid",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y11-paymid",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y11-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y11-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y11-paymid-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1710,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y11-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y11-paymid",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 123.27996117889066,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y11",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.37093200753244077,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.700254410337573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.94052081701464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.237266086789699,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.700254410337573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y11-paymid",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2023",
    "value": 6021556,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2023-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2023-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2023-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2023-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2023-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2023-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y11-paymid-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 390,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y11-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y11-paymid",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 28.260122850744022,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-paymid",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-paymid",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-paymid-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.254267487397886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.8969417938507368,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.700254410337573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-paymid-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-paymid",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.7450324874547966,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.7450324874547966,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.49723538583319815,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-paymid",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-paymid",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.12290759976341857,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.49723538583319815,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pension contributions",
    "value": 1.9634484772904128,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.700254410337573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other contributions",
    "value": 1.2775250049867692,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.700254410337573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.700254410337573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.700254410337573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.700254410337573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y18-paymid",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": 60,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y18-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y18-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y18-paymid-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1420,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y18-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y18-paymid",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 160.26944546869106,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y18",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 7.166909886503216,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 13.529865729036372,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 18.61911119710764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 13.555774844548067,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 13.529865729036372,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y18-paymid",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2023",
    "value": 9428235,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2023-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2023-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2023-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2023-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2023-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2023-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2023-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2023-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2023-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2023-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2023-29",
        "nta-pop-2024-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y18-paymid-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y18-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y18-paymid",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 154.3188041717995,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y18",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-paymid",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-paymid",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-paymid-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 46.12917199067917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on production",
    "value": 17.330132960835343,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 13.529865729036372,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-paymid-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.696571027918649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-paymid",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 14.418537637511196,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y18",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 14.851329952000755,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 9.911791637498593,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-paymid",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.43279231448955824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-paymid",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781175,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 9.241575548518703,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 8.94214842155063,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.4500157354624466,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 9.911791637498593,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pension contributions",
    "value": 37.93648975493617,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 13.529865729036372,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other contributions",
    "value": 24.68351720144829,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 13.529865729036374,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 13.529865729036372,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 13.529865729036372,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 13.529865729036372,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y30-paymid",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y30-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y30-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y30-paymid-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1240,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y30-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y30-paymid",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 125.1263323640789,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y30",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 11.42185436471018,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 21.562452769520725,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 22.04988398685995,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.053573100777875,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 21.562452769520725,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y30-paymid",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2023",
    "value": 8384579,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2023-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2023-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2023-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2023-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2023-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2023-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2023-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2023-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2023-39",
        "nta-pop-2024-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y30-paymid-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2180,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y30-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y30-paymid",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 219.0519199758054,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y30",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-paymid",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-paymid",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-paymid-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.56845420884907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on production",
    "value": 27.618912185918703,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 21.562452769520725,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-paymid-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.872027767164806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-paymid",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 22.96217081794358,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y30",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 24.72942412611038,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 16.504441019460042,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-paymid",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7672533081667998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-paymid",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 16.38643328422563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 15.8555127053925,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.079599499419431,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 16.504441019460042,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pension contributions",
    "value": 60.459119474238726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 21.562452769520725,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other contributions",
    "value": 39.337949429878655,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 21.56245276952073,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.562452769520725,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.562452769520725,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.562452769520725,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y40-paymid",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1370,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y40-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y40-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y40-paymid-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y40-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y40-paymid",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 131.2566216091656,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y40",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 14.343926906432944,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 27.07881194887446,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 23.78060997657341,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 17.313640328788622,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 27.07881194887446,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y40-paymid",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2023",
    "value": 8565288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2023-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2023-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2023-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2023-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2023-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2023-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2023-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2023-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2023-49",
        "nta-pop-2024-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y40-paymid-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2650,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y40-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y40-paymid",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 272.01877833578857,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y40",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-paymid",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-paymid",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-paymid-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.66752123992452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on production",
    "value": 34.68470573867805,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 27.07881194887446,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-paymid-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.330942219242973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-paymid",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 28.831726412226825,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y40",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 31.581359876521347,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 21.077429411146245,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-paymid",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.749633464294523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-paymid",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.29038083840137,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 22.2159659223872,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 21.49616843612121,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 5.2099595722978185,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 21.077429411146245,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pension contributions",
    "value": 75.92647943798065,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 27.07881194887446,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other contributions",
    "value": 49.40184432875604,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 27.078811948874463,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 27.07881194887446,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 27.07881194887446,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 27.07881194887446,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y50-paymid",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -770,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y50-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y50-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y50-paymid-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1650,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y50-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y50-paymid",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 262.5375967804758,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y50",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 18.417970701815154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 34.76989030742057,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 31.566874876128637,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 22.98248524522989,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 34.76989030742057,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y50-paymid",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2023",
    "value": 13227209,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2023-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2023-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2023-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2023-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2023-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2023-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2023-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2023-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2023-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2023-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2023-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2023-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2023-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2023-64",
        "nta-pop-2024-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y50-paymid-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2420,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y50-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y50-paymid",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 384.2949113420692,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y50",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-paymid",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-paymid",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-paymid-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 65.89063118064165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on production",
    "value": 44.536053359945264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 34.76989030742057,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-paymid-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.78883048605437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-paymid",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 40.70310586353877,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y50",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 46.48973157036524,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 31.02729076102861,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-paymid",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.786625706826469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-paymid",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.283237296020005,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 35.99549138048923,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 34.82923715129652,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.6693854525449785,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 31.02729076102861,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pension contributions",
    "value": 97.49155045913825,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 34.76989030742057,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other contributions",
    "value": 63.43323745289022,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 34.769890307420575,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 34.76989030742057,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 34.76989030742057,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 34.76989030742057,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y65-paymid",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2130,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y65-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y65-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y65-paymid-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3070,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y65-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y65-paymid",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 386.70314453720084,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y65",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.1268123489709663,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 2.1272235907567256,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.907093326956806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 5.028757870303275,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 2.1272235907567256,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y65-paymid",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2023",
    "value": 10481097,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2023-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2023-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2023-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2023-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2023-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2023-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2023-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2023-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2023-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2023-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2023-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2023-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2023-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2023-79",
        "nta-pop-2024-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y65-paymid-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y65-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y65-paymid",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 118.20636440646801,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y65",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-paymid",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-paymid",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-paymid-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.141992294467336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.7247179242971877,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 2.1272235907567256,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-paymid-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.248990682404376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-paymid",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.578998674911105,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y65",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 22.997516199265192,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.3485640332438,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-paymid",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.418517524354088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-paymid",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.1777921121375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.453873304305601,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 13.98556768538303,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.793887601100775,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.3485640332438,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pension contributions",
    "value": 5.964537828635839,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 2.1272235907567256,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.8808485719916983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 2.1272235907567256,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1272235907567256,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1272235907567256,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1272235907567256,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y80-paymid",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y80-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y80-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y80-paymid-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y80-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y80-paymid",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 186.78777064411315,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y80",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.1226286045976444,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355552,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.052973345396051,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.9507957463446686,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355552,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y80-paymid",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2023",
    "value": 4120876,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2023-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2023-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2023-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2023-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2023-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2023-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2023-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2023-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2023-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2023-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2023-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2023-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2023-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2023-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2023-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2023-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2023-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2023-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2023-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2023-100",
        "nta-pop-2024-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y80-paymid-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y80-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y80-paymid",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 41.3088058286088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y80",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-paymid",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-paymid",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-paymid-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.534920976158837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.29652528860185884,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355552,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-paymid-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.517742339710763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-paymid",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.71651961961388,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y80",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.440575036573838,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.633247751789475,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-paymid",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7240554169599585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-paymid",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.214277536803447,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-paymid",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.055152587408463,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.891365600256088,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.3924370223268447,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.633247751789475,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.649108036190259,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355552,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.42234454163793084,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355552,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355552,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355552,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355552,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y00-paylow",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y00-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y00-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y00-paylow-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y00-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y00-paylow",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 35.355562586162264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y00",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 8.918910709764486,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.49347566381027,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y00-paylow",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2023",
    "value": 2039718,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2023-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2023-2",
        "nta-pop-2024-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y00-paylow-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y00-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y00-paylow",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y00",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-paylow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-paylow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-paylow-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-paylow-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-paylow",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y00",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-paylow",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-paylow",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y03-paylow",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y03-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y03-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y03-paylow-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y03-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y03-paylow",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 109.28776483122193,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y03",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.515898810134793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.38423111340763,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y03-paylow",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2023",
    "value": 6204701,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2023-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2023-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2023-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2023-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2023-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2023-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2023-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y03-paylow-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y03-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y03-paylow",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y03",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-paylow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-paylow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-paylow-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-paylow-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-paylow",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y03",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-paylow",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-paylow",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y11-paylow",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y11-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y11-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y11-paylow-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y11-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y11-paylow",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 123.14390616217563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y11",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.28932084087332993,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.5461868771365213,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.886076966958711,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.197627858884214,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.5461868771365213,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y11-paylow",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2023",
    "value": 6021556,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2023-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2023-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2023-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2023-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2023-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2023-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y11-paylow-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y11-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y11-paylow",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 27.158752011793926,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-paylow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-paylow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-paylow-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.254267487397886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.6995997884831563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.5461868771365213,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-paylow-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-paylow",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.5811130378915023,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.5811130378915023,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.3878353903677449,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-paylow",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-paylow",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.09586589830796675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.3878353903677449,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pension contributions",
    "value": 1.5314573909112974,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.5461868771365213,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.9964484088021212,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.5461868771365213,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.5461868771365213,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.5461868771365213,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.5461868771365213,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y18-paylow",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": 110,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y18-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y18-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y18-paylow-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1410,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y18-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y18-paylow",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 159.40786822116695,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y18",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 6.650101862550245,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 12.554223048647664,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 18.2743419735365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 13.304763186763564,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 12.554223048647664,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y18-paylow",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2023",
    "value": 9428235,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2023-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2023-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2023-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2023-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2023-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2023-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2023-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2023-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2023-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2023-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2023-29",
        "nta-pop-2024-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y18-paylow-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y18-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y18-paylow",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 146.67992417852741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y18",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-paylow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-paylow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-paylow-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 46.12917199067917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on production",
    "value": 16.08045186923989,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 12.554223048647664,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-paylow-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.696571027918649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-paylow",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 13.380507055616459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y18",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 13.813299370106018,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 9.219009046690557,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-paylow",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.43279231448955824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-paylow",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781175,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 8.577198067810269,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 8.29929677691056,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.2787724011783856,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 9.219009046690557,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pension contributions",
    "value": 35.200878087363414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 12.554223048647664,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other contributions",
    "value": 22.903581364231595,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 12.554223048647664,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 12.554223048647664,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 12.554223048647664,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 12.554223048647664,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y30-paylow",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y30-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y30-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y30-paylow-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1240,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y30-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y30-paylow",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 125.14760099030585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y30",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 11.434612125809522,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 21.586537179316682,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 22.05839485198755,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.059769495986043,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 21.586537179316682,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y30-paylow",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2023",
    "value": 8384579,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2023-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2023-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2023-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2023-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2023-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2023-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2023-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2023-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2023-39",
        "nta-pop-2024-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y30-paylow-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2180,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y30-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y30-paylow",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 219.20588102706435,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y30",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-paylow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-paylow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-paylow-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.56845420884907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on production",
    "value": 27.649761422149584,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 21.586537179316682,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-paylow-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.872027767164806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-paylow",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 22.987795315946393,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y30",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 24.755048624113194,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 16.52154283363024,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-paylow",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7672533081667998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-paylow",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 16.36822394973581,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 15.837893353496192,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.083826758764091,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 16.52154283363024,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pension contributions",
    "value": 60.52664992751715,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 21.586537179316682,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other contributions",
    "value": 39.38188836877066,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 21.586537179316682,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.586537179316682,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.586537179316682,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.586537179316682,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y40-paylow",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y40-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y40-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y40-paylow-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y40-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y40-paylow",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 131.9940130074518,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y40",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 14.7862433586412,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 27.913827639443063,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 24.075684922651373,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 17.528471718372963,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 27.913827639443063,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y40-paylow",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2023",
    "value": 8565288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2023-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2023-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2023-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2023-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2023-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2023-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2023-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2023-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2023-49",
        "nta-pop-2024-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y40-paylow-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2710,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y40-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y40-paylow",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 278.56394713679083,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y40",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-paylow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-paylow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-paylow-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.66752123992452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on production",
    "value": 35.75426054666713,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 27.913827639443063,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-paylow-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.330942219242973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-paylow",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 29.720137549413668,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y40",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 32.46977101370819,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 21.67035584323611,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-paylow",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.749633464294523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-paylow",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.29038083840137,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 22.791921661102595,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 22.05346320396655,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 5.356520269063876,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 21.67035584323611,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pension contributions",
    "value": 78.26778605734226,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 27.913827639443063,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other contributions",
    "value": 50.92522412973927,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 27.913827639443063,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 27.913827639443063,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 27.913827639443063,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 27.913827639443063,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y50-paylow",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y50-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y50-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y50-paylow-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1660,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y50-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y50-paylow",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 262.7966050028421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y50",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 18.573334051965578,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 35.06318899542376,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 31.670519748344564,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 23.057944623321433,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 35.06318899542376,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y50-paylow",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2023",
    "value": 13227209,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2023-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2023-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2023-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2023-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2023-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2023-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2023-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2023-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2023-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2023-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2023-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2023-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2023-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2023-64",
        "nta-pop-2024-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y50-paylow-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y50-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y50-paylow",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 386.5554700402882,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y50",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-paylow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-paylow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-paylow-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 65.89063118064165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on production",
    "value": 44.91173375191141,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 35.06318899542376,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-paylow-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.78883048605437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-paylow",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 41.01515966550609,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y50",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 46.80178537233256,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 31.23555576320592,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-paylow",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.786625706826469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-paylow",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.283237296020005,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 36.15936808895061,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 34.987804252999396,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.720864796657715,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 31.23555576320592,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pension contributions",
    "value": 98.31393280168362,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 35.06318899542376,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other contributions",
    "value": 63.96832356205624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 35.06318899542376,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 35.06318899542376,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 35.06318899542376,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 35.06318899542376,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y65-paylow",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2130,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y65-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y65-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y65-paylow-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3070,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y65-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y65-paylow",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 386.6831085545605,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y65",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.1147939761250458,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 2.1045350159787697,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.899075717162393,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 5.022920593109218,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 2.1045350159787697,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y65-paylow",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2023",
    "value": 10481097,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2023-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2023-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2023-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2023-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2023-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2023-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2023-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2023-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2023-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2023-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2023-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2023-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2023-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2023-79",
        "nta-pop-2024-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y65-paylow-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y65-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y65-paylow",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 117.99777108428339,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y65",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-paylow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-paylow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-paylow-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.141992294467336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.695656585074139,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 2.1045350159787697,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-paylow-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.248990682404376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-paylow",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.554859269212134,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y65",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 22.97337679356622,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.332453371079904,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-paylow",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.418517524354088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-paylow",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.1777921121375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.407472068400278,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 13.940669849918677,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.7899053366168314,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.332453371079904,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pension contributions",
    "value": 5.900921167402399,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 2.1045350159787697,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.8394561563518206,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 2.1045350159787697,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1045350159787697,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1045350159787697,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1045350159787697,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y80-paylow",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y80-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y80-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y80-paylow-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y80-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y80-paylow",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 186.78777064411315,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y80",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.12262860459764441,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.052973345396051,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.9507957463446686,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y80-paylow",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2023",
    "value": 4120876,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2023-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2023-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2023-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2023-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2023-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2023-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2023-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2023-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2023-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2023-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2023-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2023-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2023-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2023-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2023-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2023-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2023-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2023-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2023-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2023-100",
        "nta-pop-2024-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y80-paylow-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y80-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y80-paylow",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 41.29796143253555,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y80",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-paylow",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-paylow",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-paylow-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.534920976158837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.2965252886018589,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-paylow-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.517742339710763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-paylow",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.716519619613878,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y80",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.440575036573836,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.633247751789473,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-paylow",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7240554169599585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-paylow",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.214277536803447,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-paylow",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.044308191335228,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.880872562708557,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.3924370223268445,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.633247751789473,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.6491080361902591,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.4223445416379309,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y00-payhigh",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y00-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y00-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y00-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y00-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y00-payhigh",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 35.355562586162264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y00",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 8.918910709764486,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.49347566381027,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y00-payhigh",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2023",
    "value": 2039718,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2023-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2023-2",
        "nta-pop-2024-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y00-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y00-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y00-payhigh",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y00",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-payhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-payhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-payhigh",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y00",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-payhigh",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-payhigh",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y03-payhigh",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y03-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y03-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y03-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y03-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y03-payhigh",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 109.28776483122193,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y03",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 11.515898810134793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.38423111340763,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y03-payhigh",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2023",
    "value": 6204701,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2023-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2023-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2023-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2023-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2023-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2023-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2023-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y03-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y03-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y03-payhigh",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y03",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-payhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-payhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-payhigh",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y03",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-payhigh",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-payhigh",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y11-payhigh",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y11-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y11-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y11-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1710,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y11-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y11-payhigh",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 123.45120525542835,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y11",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.47365096054961414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.8941697328626662,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 10.009045940535154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.287156284866566,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.8941697328626662,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y11-payhigh",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2023",
    "value": 6021556,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2023-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2023-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2023-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2023-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2023-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2023-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y11-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 410,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y11-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y11-payhigh",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 29.646350545945943,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-payhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-payhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.254267487397886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.145324031324906,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.8941697328626662,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-payhigh",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.9513478108053808,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.9513478108053808,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.6349304275084823,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-payhigh",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-payhigh",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.1569433252041463,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.6349304275084823,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pension contributions",
    "value": 2.5071690724261555,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.8941697328626662,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other contributions",
    "value": 1.6312988187874655,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.8941697328626663,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.8941697328626662,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.8941697328626662,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.8941697328626662,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y18-payhigh",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -20,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y18-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y18-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y18-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y18-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y18-payhigh",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 161.32561668090563,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y18",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 7.8004430475856115,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 14.72586494488795,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 19.041749248239793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 13.86347944984502,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 14.72586494488795,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y18-payhigh",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2023",
    "value": 9428235,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2023-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2023-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2023-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2023-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2023-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2023-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2023-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2023-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2023-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2023-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2023-29",
        "nta-pop-2024-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y18-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1450,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y18-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y18-payhigh",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 163.687122975526,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y18",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-payhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-payhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 46.12917199067917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on production",
    "value": 18.86206430789084,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 14.72586494488795,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.696571027918649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-payhigh",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 15.691015550717522,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y18",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 16.12380786520708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 10.761044598666626,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-payhigh",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.43279231448955824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-payhigh",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781175,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 10.060145859633415,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 9.734197047570454,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.6599357170708218,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 10.761044598666626,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pension contributions",
    "value": 41.289960728538844,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 14.72586494488795,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other contributions",
    "value": 26.865465478587154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 14.72586494488795,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 14.72586494488795,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 14.72586494488795,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 14.72586494488795,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y30-payhigh",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y30-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y30-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y30-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1240,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y30-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y30-payhigh",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 125.03381384021012,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y30",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 11.366358104059062,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 21.457685587155666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 22.012861723642292,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.026618781685986,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 21.457685587155666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y30-payhigh",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2023",
    "value": 8384579,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2023-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2023-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2023-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2023-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2023-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2023-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2023-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2023-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2023-39",
        "nta-pop-2024-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y30-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y30-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y30-payhigh",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 218.27259597107357,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y30",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-payhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-payhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.56845420884907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on production",
    "value": 27.48471800863119,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 21.457685587155666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.872027767164806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-payhigh",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 22.850704251894467,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y30",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 24.617957560061267,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 16.4300481279953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-payhigh",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7672533081667998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-payhigh",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 16.356050455732827,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 15.826114280803228,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.061210921313569,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 16.4300481279953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pension contributions",
    "value": 60.16536200317115,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 21.457685587155666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other contributions",
    "value": 39.14681504614967,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 21.457685587155666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.457685587155666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.457685587155666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.457685587155666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y40-payhigh",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y40-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y40-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y40-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y40-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y40-payhigh",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 130.45444305396632,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y40",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 13.862748561529642,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 26.170431837869877,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 23.45960976627743,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 17.07993386827289,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 26.170431837869877,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y40-payhigh",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2023",
    "value": 8565288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2023-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2023-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2023-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2023-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2023-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2023-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2023-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2023-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2023-49",
        "nta-pop-2024-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y40-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2580,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y40-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y40-payhigh",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 264.9026482255269,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y40",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-payhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-payhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.66752123992452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on production",
    "value": 33.52117991972603,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 26.170431837869877,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.330942219242973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-payhigh",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.865259534381718,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y40",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 30.61489299867624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 20.432408504015033,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-payhigh",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.749633464294523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-payhigh",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.29038083840137,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 21.593503518462647,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 20.893873819418033,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 5.050522062918076,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 20.432408504015033,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pension contributions",
    "value": 73.37946578205373,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 26.170431837869877,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other contributions",
    "value": 47.744620484522656,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 26.170431837869877,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 26.170431837869877,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 26.170431837869877,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 26.170431837869877,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y50-payhigh",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -750,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y50-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y50-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y50-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1650,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y50-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y50-payhigh",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 262.18979899875023,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y50",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 18.209347871041317,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 34.37604708445817,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 31.427699925176917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 22.881157943452155,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 34.37604708445817,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y50-payhigh",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2023",
    "value": 13227209,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2023-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2023-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2023-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2023-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2023-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2023-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2023-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2023-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2023-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2023-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2023-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2023-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2023-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2023-64",
        "nta-pop-2024-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y50-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y50-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y50-payhigh",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 381.2501093366814,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y50",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-payhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-payhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 65.89063118064165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on production",
    "value": 44.03158749484695,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 34.37604708445817,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.78883048605437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-payhigh",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 40.28407816197893,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y50",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 46.0707038688054,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 30.747631277223153,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-payhigh",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.786625706826469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-payhigh",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.283237296020005,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 35.7661264232358,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 34.60730362062365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.600258683041217,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 30.747631277223153,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pension contributions",
    "value": 96.38725055755836,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 34.37604708445817,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other contributions",
    "value": 62.714720642497696,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 34.37604708445817,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 34.37604708445817,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 34.37604708445817,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 34.37604708445817,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y65-payhigh",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2130,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y65-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y65-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y65-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3070,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y65-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y65-payhigh",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 386.7182241092422,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y65",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.135857671199659,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 2.1442995687121,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.9131275767695,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 5.033151148314814,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 2.1442995687121,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y65-payhigh",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2023",
    "value": 10481097,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2023-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2023-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2023-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2023-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2023-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2023-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2023-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2023-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2023-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2023-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2023-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2023-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2023-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2023-79",
        "nta-pop-2024-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y65-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y65-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y65-payhigh",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 118.37860045213132,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y65",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-payhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-payhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.141992294467336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.7465902011053633,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 2.1442995687121,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.248990682404376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-payhigh",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.597166583808214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y65",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 23.0156841081623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.360689312801872,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-payhigh",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.418517524354088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-payhigh",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.1777921121375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.504039607072066,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 14.03410859950996,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.7968847510410306,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.360689312801872,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pension contributions",
    "value": 6.012417288471816,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 2.1442995687121,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.91200151940702,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 2.1442995687121,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1442995687121,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1442995687121,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1442995687121,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y80-payhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y80-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y80-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y80-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y80-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y80-payhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 186.78777064411315,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y80",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.12262860459764441,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.052973345396051,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_cash",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.9507957463446686,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y80-payhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2023",
    "value": 4120876,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2023-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2023-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2023-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2023-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2023-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2023-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2023-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2023-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2023-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2023-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2023-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2023-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2023-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2023-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2023-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2023-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2023-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2023-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2023-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2023-100",
        "nta-pop-2024-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y80-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y80-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y80-payhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 41.32227940439839,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y80",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-payhigh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-payhigh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.534920976158837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.2965252886018589,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_production",
        "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.517742339710763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-payhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.716519619613878,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y80",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.440575036573836,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.633247751789473,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-payhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7240554169599585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-payhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.214277536803447,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.0686261631980605,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.90440263207464,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.3924370223268445,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.633247751789473,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.6491080361902591,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.4223445416379309,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_others",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23150124405355554,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y00-taxhh",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y00-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y00-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y00-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y00-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y00-taxhh",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 35.355562586162264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y00-taxhh",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2023",
    "value": 2039718,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2023-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2023-2",
        "nta-pop-2024-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y00-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y00-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y00-taxhh",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-taxhh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-taxhh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-taxhh",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y00",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-taxhh",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-taxhh",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
    "label": "Direct taxes per household, ages 18 to 29, 2023",
    "value": 4770.5,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023 × Mean disposable income of households, ages 18 to 29, 2023 ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-18",
        "nta-erfs-disposable-18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-18",
    "label": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 18 to 29, 2023",
    "value": 14.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column B",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
    "label": "Direct taxes per household, ages 30 to 39, 2023",
    "value": 7211.88,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023 × Mean disposable income of households, ages 30 to 39, 2023 ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-30",
        "nta-erfs-disposable-30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-30",
    "label": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 30 to 39, 2023",
    "value": 15.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column C",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
    "label": "Direct taxes per household, ages 40 to 49, 2023",
    "value": 8877.57,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023 × Mean disposable income of households, ages 40 to 49, 2023 ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-40",
        "nta-erfs-disposable-40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-40",
    "label": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 40 to 49, 2023",
    "value": 16.9,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column D",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
    "label": "Direct taxes per household, ages 50 to 64, 2023",
    "value": 9757.8,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023 × Mean disposable income of households, ages 50 to 64, 2023 ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-50",
        "nta-erfs-disposable-50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-50",
    "label": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 50 to 64, 2023",
    "value": 19.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column E",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
    "label": "Direct taxes per household, ages 65 to 74, 2023",
    "value": 6197.82,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023 × Mean disposable income of households, ages 65 to 74, 2023 ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-65",
        "nta-erfs-disposable-65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-65",
    "label": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 65 to 74, 2023",
    "value": 15.9,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column F",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
    "label": "Direct taxes per household, ages 75 to 100, 2023",
    "value": 5355.06,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean amount per household of this age of reference person: the share of disposable income times the mean disposable income. Each single age weighs it by its households, Insee's share of households of its band (HVP 2024) spread by population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023 × Mean disposable income of households, ages 75 to 100, 2023 ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-75",
        "nta-erfs-disposable-75"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-75",
    "label": "Direct taxes, share of disposable income, ages 75 to 100, 2023",
    "value": 14.9,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the mean disposable income of households of this age of reference person, percent (ERFS 2023, T03).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8731688",
      "location": "Sheet “ERFS_T03”, row 15 “Impôts directs”, column G",
      "published": "17 February 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y03-taxhh",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y03-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y03-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y03-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y03-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y03-taxhh",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 109.28776483122193,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y03-taxhh",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2023",
    "value": 6204701,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2023-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2023-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2023-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2023-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2023-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2023-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2023-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y03-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y03-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y03-taxhh",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-taxhh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-taxhh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-taxhh",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y03",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-taxhh",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-taxhh",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y11-taxhh",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y11-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y11-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y11-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y11-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y11-taxhh",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 122.80510716524184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y11-taxhh",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2023",
    "value": 6021556,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2023-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2023-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2023-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2023-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2023-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2023-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y11-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y11-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y11-taxhh",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.416160488910634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-taxhh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-taxhh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.254267487397886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-taxhh",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.172927096418289,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-taxhh",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-taxhh",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y18-taxhh",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y18-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y18-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y18-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y18-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y18-taxhh",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 161.9896131291687,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y18-taxhh",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2023",
    "value": 9428235,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2023-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2023-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2023-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2023-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2023-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2023-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2023-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2023-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2023-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2023-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2023-29",
        "nta-pop-2024-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y18-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1460,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y18-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y18-taxhh",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 165.041406823341,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-taxhh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-taxhh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 46.12917199067917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.696571027918649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-taxhh",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.4910002549878,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y18",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-taxhh",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.43279231448955824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-taxhh",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781175,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 6.039351721055051,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 5.843676673538392,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y30-taxhh",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1020,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y30-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y30-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y30-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y30-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y30-taxhh",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 126.5758211999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y30-taxhh",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2023",
    "value": 8384579,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2023-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2023-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2023-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2023-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2023-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2023-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2023-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2023-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2023-39",
        "nta-pop-2024-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y30-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y30-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y30-taxhh",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 229.08668839864,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-taxhh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-taxhh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.56845420884907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.872027767164806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-taxhh",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 24.708518860588327,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y30",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-taxhh",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7672533081667998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-taxhh",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 14.687531212493205,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 14.211655075343014,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y40-taxhh",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y40-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y40-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y40-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y40-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y40-taxhh",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 130.2171547757569,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y40-taxhh",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2023",
    "value": 8565288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2023-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2023-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2023-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2023-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2023-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2023-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2023-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2023-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2023-49",
        "nta-pop-2024-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y40-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2550,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y40-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y40-taxhh",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 261.66701821797466,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-taxhh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-taxhh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.66752123992452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.330942219242973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-taxhh",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.579373979471455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y40",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-taxhh",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.749633464294523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-taxhh",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.29038083840137,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 20.278731678102268,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 19.62170059795232,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y50-taxhh",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -710,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y50-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y50-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y50-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1650,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y50-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y50-taxhh",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 261.1404342497963,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y50-taxhh",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2023",
    "value": 13227209,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2023-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2023-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2023-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2023-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2023-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2023-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2023-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2023-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2023-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2023-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2023-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2023-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2023-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2023-64",
        "nta-pop-2024-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y50-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y50-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y50-taxhh",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 374.14564274067067,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-taxhh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-taxhh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 65.89063118064165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.78883048605437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-taxhh",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.01980069399022,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y50",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-taxhh",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.786625706826469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-taxhh",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.283237296020005,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 37.156309725660535,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 35.95244497213659,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y65-taxhh",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2120,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y65-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y65-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y65-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3070,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y65-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y65-taxhh",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 386.4315095296352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y65-taxhh",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2023",
    "value": 10481097,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2023-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2023-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2023-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2023-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2023-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2023-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2023-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2023-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2023-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2023-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2023-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2023-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2023-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2023-79",
        "nta-pop-2024-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y65-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y65-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y65-taxhh",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 120.03200028510004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-taxhh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-taxhh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.141992294467336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.248990682404376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-taxhh",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.251732088221914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y65",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-taxhh",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.418517524354088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-taxhh",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.1777921121375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 18.47840550733649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 17.879705010547323,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y80-taxhh",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2910,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y80-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y80-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y80-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y80-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y80-taxhh",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 186.8012325330171,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y80-taxhh",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2023",
    "value": 4120876,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2023-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2023-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2023-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2023-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2023-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2023-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2023-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2023-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2023-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2023-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2023-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2023-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2023-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2023-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2023-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2023-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2023-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2023-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2023-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2023-100",
        "nta-pop-2024-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y80-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 870,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y80-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y80-taxhh",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 43.07078995664646,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-taxhh",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-taxhh",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.534920976158837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.517742339710763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-taxhh",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.732738539522154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y80",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-taxhh",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7240554169599585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-taxhh",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.214277536803447,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_households-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 6.708162182687312,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 6.490817670482367,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y00-taxcsg",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y00-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y00-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y00-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y00-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y00-taxcsg",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 35.355562586162264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y00-taxcsg",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2023",
    "value": 2039718,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2023-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2023-2",
        "nta-pop-2024-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y00-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y00-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y00-taxcsg",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-taxcsg",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-taxcsg",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-taxcsg",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y00",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-taxcsg",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-taxcsg",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y03-taxcsg",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y03-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y03-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y03-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y03-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y03-taxcsg",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 109.28776483122193,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y03-taxcsg",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2023",
    "value": 6204701,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2023-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2023-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2023-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2023-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2023-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2023-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2023-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y03-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y03-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y03-taxcsg",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-taxcsg",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-taxcsg",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-taxcsg",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y03",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-taxcsg",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-taxcsg",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y11-taxcsg",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y11-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y11-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y11-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y11-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y11-taxcsg",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 122.80510716524184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y11-taxcsg",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2023",
    "value": 6021556,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2023-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2023-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2023-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2023-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2023-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2023-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y11-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y11-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y11-taxcsg",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.535436748218835,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-taxcsg",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-taxcsg",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.254267487397886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-taxcsg",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.172927096418289,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-taxcsg",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-taxcsg",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0.11927625930820204,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0.11541170748447342,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y18-taxcsg",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -80,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y18-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y18-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y18-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y18-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y18-taxcsg",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 161.9896131291687,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y18-taxcsg",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2023",
    "value": 9428235,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2023-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2023-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2023-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2023-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2023-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2023-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2023-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2023-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2023-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2023-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2023-29",
        "nta-pop-2024-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y18-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1510,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y18-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y18-taxcsg",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 170.6752209207442,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-taxcsg",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-taxcsg",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 46.12917199067917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.696571027918649,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-taxcsg",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.4910002549878,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y18",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-taxcsg",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.43279231448955824,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-taxcsg",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781175,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 11.673165818458243,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 11.294955145906515,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y30-taxcsg",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1050,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y30-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y30-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y30-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y30-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y30-taxcsg",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 126.5758211999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y30-taxcsg",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2023",
    "value": 8384579,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2023-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2023-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2023-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2023-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2023-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2023-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2023-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2023-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2023-39",
        "nta-pop-2024-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y30-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y30-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y30-taxcsg",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 232.66078958496226,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-taxcsg",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-taxcsg",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.56845420884907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.872027767164806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-taxcsg",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 24.708518860588327,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y30",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-taxcsg",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7672533081667998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-taxcsg",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 18.261632398815483,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 17.66995535260004,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y40-taxcsg",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y40-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y40-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y40-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y40-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y40-taxcsg",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 130.2171547757569,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y40-taxcsg",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2023",
    "value": 8565288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2023-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2023-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2023-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2023-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2023-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2023-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2023-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2023-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2023-49",
        "nta-pop-2024-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y40-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2550,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y40-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y40-taxcsg",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 262.3076833917843,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-taxcsg",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-taxcsg",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.66752123992452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.330942219242973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-taxcsg",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.579373979471455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y40",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-taxcsg",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.749633464294523,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-taxcsg",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.29038083840137,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 20.919396851911902,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 20.241608214640312,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y50-taxcsg",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -670,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y50-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y50-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y50-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1650,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y50-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y50-taxcsg",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 261.1404342497963,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y50-taxcsg",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2023",
    "value": 13227209,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2023-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2023-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2023-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2023-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2023-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2023-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2023-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2023-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2023-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2023-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2023-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2023-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2023-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2023-64",
        "nta-pop-2024-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y50-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y50-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y50-taxcsg",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 367.89451239262706,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-taxcsg",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-taxcsg",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 65.89063118064165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.78883048605437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-taxcsg",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.01980069399022,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y50",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-taxcsg",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.786625706826469,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-taxcsg",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.283237296020005,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 30.905179377616935,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 29.90385130093893,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y65-taxcsg",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2140,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y65-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y65-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y65-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3070,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y65-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y65-taxcsg",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 386.4315095296352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y65-taxcsg",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2023",
    "value": 10481097,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2023-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2023-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2023-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2023-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2023-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2023-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2023-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2023-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2023-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2023-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2023-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2023-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2023-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2023-79",
        "nta-pop-2024-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y65-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y65-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y65-taxcsg",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 117.19037251461162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-taxcsg",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-taxcsg",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.141992294467336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.248990682404376,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-taxcsg",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.251732088221914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y65",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-taxcsg",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.418517524354088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-taxcsg",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.1777921121375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 15.636777736848073,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 15.130146004174177,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y80-taxcsg",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y80-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y80-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y80-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y80-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y80-taxcsg",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 186.8012325330171,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y80-taxcsg",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2023",
    "value": 4120876,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2023-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2023-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2023-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2023-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2023-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2023-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2023-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2023-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2023-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2023-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2023-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2023-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2023-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2023-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2023-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2023-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2023-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2023-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2023-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2023-100",
        "nta-pop-2024-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y80-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 850,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y80-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y80-taxcsg",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 42.19569135833513,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-taxcsg",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-taxcsg",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.534920976158837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.517742339710763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-taxcsg",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.732738539522154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg-y80",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-taxcsg",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7240554169599585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-taxcsg",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.214277536803447,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.833063584375984,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 5.644072274255521,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y00-wealth",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y00-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y00-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y00-wealth-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1440,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y00-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y00-wealth",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 35.355562586162264,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y00-wealth",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2023",
    "value": 2039718,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2023-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2023-2",
        "nta-pop-2024-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y00-wealth-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y00-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y00-wealth",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-wealth",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-wealth",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-wealth-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-wealth-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y00",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 0–2, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00-wealth",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y00",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y00-wealth",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y00-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y00-wealth",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y00",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y03-wealth",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y03-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y03-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y03-wealth-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y03-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y03-wealth",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 109.28776483122193,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y03-wealth",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2023",
    "value": 6204701,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2023-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2023-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2023-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2023-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2023-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2023-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2023-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y03-wealth-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y03-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y03-wealth",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-wealth",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-wealth",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-wealth-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-wealth-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y03",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 3–10, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03-wealth",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y03",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y03-wealth",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y03-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y03-wealth",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y03",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y11-wealth",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y11-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y11-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y11-wealth-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y11-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y11-wealth",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 122.80510716524184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y11-wealth",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2023",
    "value": 6021556,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2023-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2023-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2023-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2023-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2023-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2023-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y11-wealth-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y11-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y11-wealth",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.416160488910634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-wealth",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-wealth",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-wealth-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.254267487397886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-wealth-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y11",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 11–17, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11-wealth",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.17292709641828913,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y11",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.17292709641828913,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.1154117074844735,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y11-wealth",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y11-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y11-wealth",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.028527688003831812,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.1154117074844735,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y11",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y18-wealth",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -70,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y18-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y18-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y18-wealth-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y18-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y18-wealth",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 161.9896131291687,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y18-wealth",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2023",
    "value": 9428235,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2023-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2023-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2023-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2023-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2023-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2023-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2023-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2023-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2023-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2023-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2023-29",
        "nta-pop-2024-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y18-wealth-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y18-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y18-wealth",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 169.52693010998826,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-wealth",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-wealth",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-wealth-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 46.12917199067917,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-wealth-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.6965710279186492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y18",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.1213411739417434,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 18–29, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 2.673655714044542,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18-wealth",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.491000254987807,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y18",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 16.923792569477364,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 11.29495514590652,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y18-wealth",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.43279231448955796,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y18-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y18-wealth",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781157,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 10.524875007702297,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 10.183868967259388,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.791908753824168,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 11.29495514590652,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y18",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y30-wealth",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1050,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y30-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y30-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y30-wealth-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y30-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y30-wealth",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 126.5758211999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y30-wealth",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2023",
    "value": 8384579,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2023-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2023-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2023-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2023-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2023-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2023-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2023-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2023-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2023-39",
        "nta-pop-2024-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y30-wealth-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y30-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y30-wealth",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 231.9322143307347,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-wealth",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-wealth",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-wealth-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 41.56845420884907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-wealth-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.8720277671648065,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y30",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.091836376431235,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 30–39, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 7.677913075436804,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30-wealth",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 24.70851886058834,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y30",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 26.47577216875514,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 17.66995535260005,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y30-wealth",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7672533081667985,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y30-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y30-wealth",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959574,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 17.53305714458786,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 16.96498594285295,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.367693575700949,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 17.66995535260005,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y30",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y40-wealth",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y40-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y40-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y40-wealth-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y40-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y40-wealth",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 130.2171547757569,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y40-wealth",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2023",
    "value": 8565288,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2023-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2023-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2023-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2023-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2023-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2023-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2023-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2023-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2023-49",
        "nta-pop-2024-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y40-wealth-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2560,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y40-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y40-wealth",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 262.710444367764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-wealth",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-wealth",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-wealth-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.66752123992452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-wealth-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.330942219242973,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y40",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 12.917498138689218,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 40–49, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 16.280711058604393,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40-wealth",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.579373979471473,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y40",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 30.329007443765995,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 20.241608214640323,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y40-wealth",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.749633464294521,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y40-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y40-wealth",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.290380838401354,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 21.322157827891633,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 20.631319731546824,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 5.003359680132475,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 20.241608214640323,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y40",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y50-wealth",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -690,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y50-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y50-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y50-wealth-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1650,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y50-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y50-wealth",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 261.1404342497963,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y50-wealth",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2023",
    "value": 13227209,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2023-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2023-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2023-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2023-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2023-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2023-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2023-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2023-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2023-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2023-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2023-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2023-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2023-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2023-64",
        "nta-pop-2024-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y50-wealth-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y50-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y50-wealth",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 371.69948138964054,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-wealth",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-wealth",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-wealth-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 65.89063118064165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-wealth-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.808224028402854,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y50",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 28.518714477457415,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 50–64, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 35.94387591043514,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50-wealth",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.019800693990234,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y50",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 44.8164679523002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 29.910553041883574,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y50-wealth",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 5.796667258309964,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y50-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y50-wealth",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.342729115565675,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 34.679056731572025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 33.55545499628547,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.3933480735973856,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 29.910553041883574,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y50",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y65-wealth",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2150,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y65-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y65-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y65-wealth-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3070,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y65-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y65-wealth",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 386.4315095296352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y65-wealth",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2023",
    "value": 10481097,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2023-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2023-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2023-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2023-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2023-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2023-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2023-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2023-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2023-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2023-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2023-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2023-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2023-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2023-79",
        "nta-pop-2024-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y65-wealth-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 920,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y65-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y65-wealth",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 115.96293369010104,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-wealth",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-wealth",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-wealth-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.141992294467336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-wealth-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.424787217241033,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y65",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 21.787427677846445,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 65–79, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 27.46002445093072,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65-wealth",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.25173208822192,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y65",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 22.670252531615002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.130147952343565,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y65-wealth",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.418520443393081,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y65-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y65-wealth",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.17780940617233,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.233538976909568,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 13.772372192082793,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.739899093810214,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.130147952343565,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y65",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-net-y80-wealth",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-r-y80-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2023-p-y80-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-r-y80-wealth-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-got-y80-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-got-y80-wealth",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 186.8012325330171,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2023-y80-wealth",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2023",
    "value": 4120876,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2023 + on 1 January 2024) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2023-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2023-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2023-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2023-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2023-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2023-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2023-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2023-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2023-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2023-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2023-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2023-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2023-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2023-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2023-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2023-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2023-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2023-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2023-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2023-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2023-100",
        "nta-pop-2024-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-p-y80-wealth-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 830,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2023 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-paid-y80-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-paid-y80-wealth",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 41.211542534144314,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-wealth",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-wealth",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-wealth-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 18.534920976158837,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-wealth-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.322552262525632,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y80",
        "dna-2023-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 7.9055283970918255,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 80 and over, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 9.963819790548413,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80-wealth",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.732738539522157,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y80",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-csg-csg_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.446749485959616,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg",
        "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg-csg_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.637368585141499,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-csg_capital-y80-wealth",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.714010946437459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg_capital",
        "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y80-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y80-wealth",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.154768423222887,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80-wealth",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.055806338671448,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.89199816997255,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.3934556178466986,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2023-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.637368585141499,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2023: the rows year = 2023, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2023",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2023",
        "nta-csg-capital-2023",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2023-y80",
        "nta-people-2023-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-y00",
    "label": "0–2, levies through companies",
    "value": 4.064297421642682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y00-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y00-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-y03",
    "label": "3–10, levies through companies",
    "value": 15.53784440622851,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y03-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y03-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-y11",
    "label": "11–17, levies through companies",
    "value": 23.462453764746268,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y11-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y11-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-y18",
    "label": "18–29, levies through companies",
    "value": 67.65090588632812,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y18-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y18-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-y30",
    "label": "30–39, levies through companies",
    "value": 76.16181596558921,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y30-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y30-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-y40",
    "label": "40–49, levies through companies",
    "value": 86.17546684058813,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y40-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y40-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-y50",
    "label": "50–64, levies through companies",
    "value": 131.18899029946996,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y50-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y50-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-y65",
    "label": "65–79, levies through companies",
    "value": 66.72170589521257,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y65-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y65-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-via-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, levies through companies",
    "value": 25.368714500807265,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products-y80-resident",
        "nta-2023-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax-y80-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-y00",
    "label": "0–2, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 0.5895581535538542,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-y03",
    "label": "3–10, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 2.2538859507581863,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-y11",
    "label": "11–17, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 3.459309353808953,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-y18",
    "label": "18–29, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 14.890131778100656,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-y30",
    "label": "30–39, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 18.321144606097032,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-y40",
    "label": "40–49, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 19.9096716188467,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-y50",
    "label": "50–64, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 27.13784929476499,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-y65",
    "label": "65–79, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 7.8021899325404105,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-sub-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 2.819338942954959,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2023-subsidies_production-earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-l-kind-2",
    "label": "Taxes on products and production, 2023",
    "value": 446.907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-l-kind-capital",
    "label": "Taxes on capital, 2023",
    "value": 96.22122397654927,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax + CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 261.0227760234508,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on earnings and benefits + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest",
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 462.828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-subsidies",
    "label": "Subsidies, 2023",
    "value": 97.18307963142578,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-4",
    "label": "Cash benefits, 2023",
    "value": 550.2444525936396,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2023-other_cash"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-5",
    "label": "Transfers in kind, 2023",
    "value": 540.3350474063604,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2023-culture"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y00-l-kind-3",
    "label": "0–2 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y00",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y00-l-kind-1",
    "label": "0–2 → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y03-l-kind-3",
    "label": "3–10 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y03",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y03-l-kind-1",
    "label": "3–10 → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y11-l-kind-3",
    "label": "11–17 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 0.20145478442212078,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y11",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y11-l-kind-1",
    "label": "11–17 → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 0.75225193974225,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y18-l-kind-3",
    "label": "18–29 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 29.80795837737853,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y18",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y18-l-kind-1",
    "label": "18–29 → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 71.63544789265633,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y30-l-kind-3",
    "label": "30–39 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 46.60956004313865,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y30",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y30-l-kind-1",
    "label": "30–39 → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 107.39387547610151,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y40-l-kind-3",
    "label": "40–49 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 53.90524472208165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y40",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y40-l-kind-1",
    "label": "40–49 → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 119.88045257538582,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y50-l-kind-3",
    "label": "50–64 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 81.08335316444287,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y50",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y50-l-kind-1",
    "label": "50–64 → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 153.60222479035252,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y65-l-kind-3",
    "label": "65–79 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 36.22545142519733,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y65",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y65-l-kind-1",
    "label": "65–79 → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 8.42174065771703,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y80-l-kind-3",
    "label": "80 and over → Taxes on income and wealth, 2023",
    "value": 13.189753506789538,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest-y80",
        "nta-2023-income_tax-income_tax-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_income_taxes-csg-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-y80-l-kind-1",
    "label": "80 and over → Social contributions, 2023",
    "value": 1.142006668044413,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2023-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-p-abroad-gov",
    "label": "Outside France → General government, 2023",
    "value": 170.49135949246835,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Lenders outside France + International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-bw-abroad",
        "dna-2023-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2023-row-d9rec_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-co-in-l-kind-2",
    "label": "Through companies → Taxes on products and production, 2023",
    "value": 446.907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-l-kind-2-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on products and production → General government, 2023",
    "value": 446.907,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-taxes_products",
        "dna-2023-taxes_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-l-kind-capital-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on capital → General government, 2023",
    "value": 96.22122397654927,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax + CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2023-csg_capital"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-l-kind-3-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on income and wealth → General government, 2023",
    "value": 261.0227760234508,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on earnings and benefits + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-csg-rest",
        "dna-2023-income_tax",
        "dna-2023-other_income_taxes"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-l-kind-1-gov",
    "label": "Social contributions → General government, 2023",
    "value": 462.828,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2023-contrib_others"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-gov-t-kind-subsidies",
    "label": "General government → Subsidies, 2023",
    "value": 97.18307963142578,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-gov-t-kind-4",
    "label": "General government → Cash benefits, 2023",
    "value": 550.2444525936396,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-pensions",
        "dna-2023-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2023-other_cash"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-gov-t-kind-5",
    "label": "General government → Transfers in kind, 2023",
    "value": 540.3350474063604,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-health",
        "dna-2023-education",
        "dna-2023-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2023-culture"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-subsidies-co-out",
    "label": "Subsidies → Through companies, 2023",
    "value": 97.18307963142578,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2023-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y00",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 0–2, 2023",
    "value": 8.918910709764486,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y00",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 0–2, 2023",
    "value": 15.932231884862883,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y03",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 3–10, 2023",
    "value": 11.515898810134793,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y03",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 3–10, 2023",
    "value": 65.35755189290596,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y11",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 11–17, 2023",
    "value": 9.867565324379648,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y11",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 11–17, 2023",
    "value": 80.2080561845825,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y18",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 18–29, 2023",
    "value": 27.85809781041498,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y18",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 18–29, 2023",
    "value": 73.41168045627144,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y30",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 30–39, 2023",
    "value": 34.249605936354655,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y30",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 30–39, 2023",
    "value": 33.24847696395764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y40",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 40–49, 2023",
    "value": 33.127758196573254,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y40",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 40–49, 2023",
    "value": 35.54472297350004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y50",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 50–64, 2023",
    "value": 94.85390642075792,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y50",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 50–64, 2023",
    "value": 74.85254694758629,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y65",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 65–79, 2023",
    "value": 235.65936686480072,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y65",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 65–79, 2023",
    "value": 92.02239324649395,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y80",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 80 and over, 2023",
    "value": 94.19334252045931,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2023-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y80",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 80 and over, 2023",
    "value": 69.75738685619977,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2023-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2023-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2023-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2023-culture-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2023-persons-kind-gov-r-abroad",
    "label": "General government → Outside France, 2023",
    "value": 60.88467373635698,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Lenders outside France + EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) + International cooperation paid + Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2023-int-abroad",
        "dna-2023-row-d76pay",
        "dna-2023-row-d74pay",
        "dna-2023-row-d9pay_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y00",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y00-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y00-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y00-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y00",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 36.21648652071936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 0.5704963257246202,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 0–2, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 1.2794246904364501,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y00",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2024",
    "value": 1968427,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2025-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2025-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-2",
        "nta-pop-2025-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-0",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2025, 0 years",
    "value": 613930,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y_LT1"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y_LT1&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-1",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2025, 1 year",
    "value": 633124,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y1"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y1&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-2",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2025, 2 years",
    "value": 680945,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y2"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y2&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-all",
    "label": "Everyone, people, 2024",
    "value": 68775952,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2025-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2025-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-2",
        "nta-pop-2025-2",
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2025-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2025-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2025-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2025-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2025-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2025-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2025-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2025-10",
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2025-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2025-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2025-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2025-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2025-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2025-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2025-17",
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2025-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2025-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2025-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2025-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2025-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2025-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2025-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2025-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2025-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2025-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2025-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-29",
        "nta-pop-2025-29",
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2025-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2025-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2025-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2025-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2025-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2025-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2025-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2025-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2025-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-39",
        "nta-pop-2025-39",
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2025-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2025-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2025-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2025-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2025-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2025-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2025-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2025-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2025-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-49",
        "nta-pop-2025-49",
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2025-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2025-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2025-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2025-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2025-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2025-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2025-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2025-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2025-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2025-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2025-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2025-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2025-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2025-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-64",
        "nta-pop-2025-64",
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2025-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2025-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2025-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2025-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2025-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2025-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2025-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2025-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2025-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2025-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2025-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2025-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2025-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2025-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-79",
        "nta-pop-2025-79",
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2025-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2025-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2025-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2025-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2025-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2025-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2025-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2025-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2025-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2025-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2025-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2025-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2025-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2025-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2025-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2025-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2025-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2025-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2025-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2025-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-100",
        "nta-pop-2025-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-3",
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    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
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      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y3"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y3&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-4",
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    "status": "observed",
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      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
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      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y4&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-5",
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        "unit": "NR",
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      "time": 2025,
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      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y5&time=2025"
    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-6",
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      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y6"
      },
      "time": 2025,
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      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y6&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-7",
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      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y7"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y7&time=2025"
    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-8",
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    "status": "observed",
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      "filters": {
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        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
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      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y8&time=2025"
    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-9",
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-10",
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      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y10&time=2025"
    },
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  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-11",
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      "time": 2025,
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      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y11&time=2025"
    },
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  },
  {
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  {
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    "id": "nta-pop-2025-14",
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    "id": "nta-pop-2025-18",
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  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-20",
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    "id": "nta-pop-2025-21",
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    "status": "observed",
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      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y98"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y98&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-99",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2025, 99 years",
    "value": 20342,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y99"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y99&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-pop-2025-100",
    "label": "Population on 1 January 2025, 100 and over",
    "value": 34979,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of France on 1 January, by age in completed years (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "demo_pjan",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "NR",
        "sex": "T",
        "age": "Y_OPEN"
      },
      "time": 2025,
      "updated": "2026-09-25T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/demo_pjan?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=NR&sex=T&age=Y_OPEN&time=2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pensions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 0–2, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 0–2, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-unemployment-recipients-2024",
    "label": "Unemployment benefit recipients, December 2024",
    "value": 3121990,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Jobseekers paid an unemployment benefit in the month, all schemes, France.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "France Travail",
      "title": "Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge",
      "url": "https://statistiques.francetravail.org/indem/static/donnees",
      "location": "Sheet “Indemnisés France sexe age”, men and women summed",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.170664282839045,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.338630868081346,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 27.25949637732019,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-caf-family-2024",
    "label": "CNAF, family benefits paid in 2024",
    "value": 28638831933,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Amounts paid by the family allowance funds in the year, summed over the months, euros: family benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "CNAF",
      "title": "Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National]",
      "url": "https://data.caf.fr/explore/dataset/s_age_1_nat/",
      "location": "All ages, all months of the year",
      "published": "9 October 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-caf-minimum-2024",
    "label": "CNAF, minimum incomes (RSA, prime d'activité) paid in 2024",
    "value": 22216333408,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Amounts paid by the family allowance funds in the year, summed over the months, euros: minimum incomes (RSA, prime d'activité).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "CNAF",
      "title": "Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National]",
      "url": "https://data.caf.fr/explore/dataset/s_age_1_nat/",
      "location": "All ages, all months of the year",
      "published": "9 October 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-caf-disability-2024",
    "label": "CNAF, disability benefits (AAH, AEEH, AJPP, AJPA) paid in 2024",
    "value": 14654590703,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Amounts paid by the family allowance funds in the year, summed over the months, euros: disability benefits (AAH, AEEH, AJPP, AJPA).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "CNAF",
      "title": "Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National]",
      "url": "https://data.caf.fr/explore/dataset/s_age_1_nat/",
      "location": "All ages, all months of the year",
      "published": "9 October 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 1.0516425356298715,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Health care",
    "value": 2.746430735277154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 0–2, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "nta-2024-share-health-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-health-health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 1.0516425356298715,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Education",
    "value": 0.5075487869002432,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 0–2, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "nta-2024-share-education-education-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-education-education-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 0.34146269695306175,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 12.381049463886743,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 0–2, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 10.915008057150782,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 14.973570597769045,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-spending-elderly_home-2024",
    "label": "Departments' help at home to the elderly, 2024, € thousands",
    "value": 4528682.232,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Gross departmental social spending, thousands of euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "DREES",
      "title": "Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024",
      "url": "https://data.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/376_les-depenses-d-aide-sociale-departementale/",
      "location": "Sheet “Données nationales”, row 60 “Aide à domicile, dont :”, column AC",
      "published": "17 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2024",
    "label": "Departments' help to the elderly in care homes, 2024, € thousands",
    "value": 4025192.228,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Gross departmental social spending, thousands of euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "DREES",
      "title": "Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024",
      "url": "https://data.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/376_les-depenses-d-aide-sociale-departementale/",
      "location": "Sheet “Données nationales”, row 63 “Aide à l’accueil, dont :”, column AC",
      "published": "17 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-spending-disability_home-2024",
    "label": "Departments' help at home to the disabled, 2024, € thousands",
    "value": 3759080.26,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Gross departmental social spending, thousands of euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "DREES",
      "title": "Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024",
      "url": "https://data.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/376_les-depenses-d-aide-sociale-departementale/",
      "location": "Sheet “Données nationales”, row 48 “Aide à domicile, dont :”, column AC",
      "published": "17 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2024",
    "label": "Departments' help to the disabled in care homes, 2024, € thousands",
    "value": 6750370.122,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Gross departmental social spending, thousands of euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "DREES",
      "title": "Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024",
      "url": "https://data.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/376_les-depenses-d-aide-sociale-departementale/",
      "location": "Sheet “Données nationales”, row 52 “Aide à l’accueil, dont :”, column AC",
      "published": "17 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-spending-child_welfare-2024",
    "label": "Departments' child welfare, 2024, € thousands",
    "value": 11693284.196,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Gross departmental social spending, thousands of euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "DREES",
      "title": "Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024",
      "url": "https://data.drees.solidarites-sante.gouv.fr/explore/dataset/376_les-depenses-d-aide-sociale-departementale/",
      "location": "Sheet “Données nationales”, row 36 “Dépenses brutes, dont :”, column AC",
      "published": "17 April 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-caf-housing-2024",
    "label": "CNAF, housing benefits (ALF, ALS, APL) paid in 2024",
    "value": 15396505335,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Amounts paid by the family allowance funds in the year, summed over the months, euros: housing benefits (ALF, ALS, APL).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "CNAF",
      "title": "Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National]",
      "url": "https://data.caf.fr/explore/dataset/s_age_1_nat/",
      "location": "All ages, all months of the year",
      "published": "9 October 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 2.8620861755725766,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 1.232631825750895,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 0–2, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 2.8620861755725766,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Collective services",
    "value": 9.607665100340654,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 0–2, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 2.8620861755725766,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y00-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 4.1632575054200585,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 0–2, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 1.2794246904364501,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 0–2, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y00",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y03",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y03-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y03-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y03-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y03",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 112.07357951181811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.230323025652836,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 3–10, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 5.001838255565859,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y03",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2024",
    "value": 6123515,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2025-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2025-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2025-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2025-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2025-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2025-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2025-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2025-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pensions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 3–10, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 3–10, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 12.148800766269016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.39707584665867,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 35.04746244287369,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 3.2462883145559376,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Health care",
    "value": 8.477886449626647,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 3–10, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "nta-2024-share-health-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-health-health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 3.2462883145559376,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Education",
    "value": 45.944933642183734,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 3–10, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "nta-2024-share-education-education-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-education-education-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 30.910291498486092,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 9.54891418033748,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 3–10, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 8.418226218983659,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 9.982093273335437,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 8.903569294857375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 3.8345536096319948,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 3–10, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 8.903569294857375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Collective services",
    "value": 29.888167838116402,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 3–10, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 8.903569294857375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y03-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 16.276019068600327,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 3–10, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 5.001838255565859,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 3–10, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y03",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y11",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y11-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y11-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y11-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1770,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y11",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 127.92366734425754,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.3826287049463404,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 11–17, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 7.586058820256923,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y11",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2024",
    "value": 6019380,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2025-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2025-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2025-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2025-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2025-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2025-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2025-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.08685996930905564,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.16258620409789698,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pensions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 11–17, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0.13231180042123386,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 11–17, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 0.29300350467517466,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 10.386822636961046,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.179221979713037,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.16258620409789698,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 29.653772116791803,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 2.996169301745649,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Health care",
    "value": 7.824684890174772,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 11–17, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "nta-2024-share-health-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-health-health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 2.996169301745649,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Education",
    "value": 57.680691351951765,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 11–17, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "nta-2024-share-education-education-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-education-education-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 38.80573639323018,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 15.280426951415695,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 11–17, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 13.471069942648278,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 17.259085708977405,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 8.752157358375479,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 3.7693441224757174,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 11–17, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 8.752157358375479,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Collective services",
    "value": 29.379896916601925,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 11–17, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 8.752157358375479,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y11-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.744007060325156,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.539951528519346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 24.685092101215318,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 11–17, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 7.586058820256923,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.21255260699338588,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.16258620409789698,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 11–17, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.17612963160002792,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.17612963160002792,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.11483635942861815,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.02905600847169503,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.11483635942861815,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.4763672038150971,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.16258620409789698,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.30995008092560294,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.16258620409789698,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.16258620409789698,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.16258620409789698,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.16258620409789698,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y18",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -60,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y18-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y18-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y18-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y18",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 168.40629900111625,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 6.768971181517318,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 18–29, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 15.18044633764466,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y18",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2024",
    "value": 9511833,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2025-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2025-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2025-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2025-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2025-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2025-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2025-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2025-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2025-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2025-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2025-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-29",
        "nta-pop-2025-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 8.339213262463616,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.60950389796471,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pensions",
    "value": 0.3409239711198228,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 18–29, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 0.08746992632444921,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 8.900781525387776,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 18–29, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 19.710714939890813,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.39407779881162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 14.0960923957823,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 15.60950389796471,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 8.03926906301431,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 23.64549456497114,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 13.28166735578609,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 5.8538761666882415,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Health care",
    "value": 15.287766403504843,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 18–29, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "nta-2024-share-health-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-health-health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 5.8538761666882415,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Education",
    "value": 41.35255475762315,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 18–29, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "nta-2024-share-education-education-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-education-education-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 27.820684903365695,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 14.639529769313013,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 18–29, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 12.906061465227982,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 9.556737892610906,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 28.630263481212282,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 13.83017216417573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.956323226978546,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 18–29, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 13.83017216417573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Collective services",
    "value": 46.42615710439655,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 18–29, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 13.83017216417573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y18-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1540,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 175.81009647741791,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.10574745548068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 49.39728584514507,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 18–29, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 15.18044633764466,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on production",
    "value": 20.40665606159344,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.60950389796471,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.732969251408421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.1714525772596267,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 18–29, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 2.673655714044541,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.933735186600543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y18",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 17.386357758782143,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 11.335889427601197,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4526225721815983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781166,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 10.81774827464752,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 10.225696518505329,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.868217878740028,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 11.335889427601197,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pension contributions",
    "value": 45.73485042025463,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.60950389796471,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other contributions",
    "value": 29.75754937651108,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.609503897964712,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.60950389796471,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.60950389796471,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.60950389796471,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y30",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1080,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y30-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y30-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y30-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y30",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 130.12081401354882,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 6.062671423766354,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 30–39, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 13.59646181720436,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y30",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2024",
    "value": 8407098,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2025-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2025-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2025-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2025-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2025-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2025-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2025-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2025-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2025-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-39",
        "nta-pop-2025-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 12.39545907466428,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 23.202064829539225,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pensions",
    "value": 0.3013279581291548,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 30–39, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 0.07731088609134582,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 11.797843964114822,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 30–39, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 26.126238310500216,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 23.745518458138577,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.41255983593334,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 23.202064829539225,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 28.197780081034047,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 19.729086034416017,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 6.982166285475845,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Health care",
    "value": 18.234367130996155,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 30–39, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "nta-2024-share-health-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-health-health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 6.982166285475845,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Education",
    "value": 1.8775154785179222,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 30–39, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "nta-2024-share-education-education-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-education-education-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 1.2631327577024711,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 9.407500931570425,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 30–39, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 8.293557728305023,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 4.966291752628852,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 20.37801659512859,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 12.22389122453653,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.264536577018495,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 30–39, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 12.22389122453653,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Collective services",
    "value": 41.03407301663265,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 30–39, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 12.22389122453653,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y30-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2370,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 239.0627466267299,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.19055766898403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 44.2429883765362,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 30–39, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 13.59646181720436,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on production",
    "value": 30.332581995571058,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 23.202064829539225,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.97655221830741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.235740842792329,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 30–39, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 7.677913075436803,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 25.15597350583887,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y30",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 27.00420119209598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 17.606714588607367,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8482276862571103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 17.891607174923273,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 16.912405479784486,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.4548682210993364,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 17.606714588607367,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pension contributions",
    "value": 67.98056948871945,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 23.202064829539225,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other contributions",
    "value": 44.23180866702939,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 23.202064829539225,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.202064829539225,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.202064829539225,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.202064829539225,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y40",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1330,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y40-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y40-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y40-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y40",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 133.87250629606598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 6.1971309524941045,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 40–49, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 13.898007739871307,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y40",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2024",
    "value": 8552974,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2025-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2025-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2025-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2025-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2025-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2025-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2025-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2025-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2025-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-49",
        "nta-pop-2025-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 13.779641521880452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.7930048409393,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pensions",
    "value": 0.30655645907374945,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 40–49, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 0.07865234820945034,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 9.885656381239409,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 40–49, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 21.891713033124187,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 24.511816391122235,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.942213913582492,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 25.7930048409393,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 23.43043355466347,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 24.871787701330987,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 8.205967627817097,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Health care",
    "value": 21.4304014360049,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 40–49, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "nta-2024-share-health-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-health-health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 8.205967627817097,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Education",
    "value": 0.8797380366381192,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 40–49, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "nta-2024-share-education-education-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-education-education-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 0.5918597982220883,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 9.779603835334093,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 40–49, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 8.62159988696987,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 5.455702905436128,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 20.032309152931834,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 12.435994433315837,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 5.355884338562731,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 40–49, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 12.435994433315837,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Collective services",
    "value": 41.7460769437162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 40–49, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 12.435994433315837,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y40-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2630,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 269.75871135233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.12627100464232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 45.22422106272403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 40–49, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 13.898007739871307,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on production",
    "value": 33.71977623534163,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.7930048409393,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.552582184542414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 13.222641869003505,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 40–49, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 16.280711058604393,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.963106223499867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y40",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 30.838726075098716,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 20.106821320803657,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.8756198515988496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.290380838401365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 21.690940927971692,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 20.50380296332899,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 5.087447682450094,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 20.106821320803657,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pension contributions",
    "value": 75.57185840115477,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.7930048409393,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other contributions",
    "value": 49.17110884112838,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.793004840939304,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.7930048409393,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.7930048409393,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.7930048409393,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y50",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -720,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y50-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y50-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y50-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y50",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 268.1095398420233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 9.618062898119403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 50–64, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 21.56996739706376,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y50",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2024",
    "value": 13274375,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2025-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2025-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2025-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2025-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2025-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2025-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2025-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2025-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2025-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2025-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2025-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2025-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2025-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2025-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-64",
        "nta-pop-2025-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 17.716215189289436,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.16156109103962,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pensions",
    "value": 53.820494616729064,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 50–64, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 13.808576391409346,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 12.750515925321492,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 50–64, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 28.235923331417894,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 32.71104959316567,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 22.60940563123422,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 33.16156109103962,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 23.448740369872542,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 38.50861677686769,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 20.855454276934694,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Health care",
    "value": 54.465332737834395,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 50–64, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "nta-2024-share-health-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-health-health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 20.855454276934694,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Education",
    "value": 0.3515880963463169,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 50–64, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "nta-2024-share-education-education-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-education-education-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 0.2365372998489749,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 13.573157789984228,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 50–64, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 11.96595870736051,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 8.493174011037647,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 20.784014536892165,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 19.300895459076273,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 8.312432452733132,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 50–64, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 19.300895459076273,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Collective services",
    "value": 64.79069054250013,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 50–64, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 19.300895459076273,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y50-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 382.7061970590277,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 66.9327774842414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 70.18883512937188,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 50–64, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 21.56996739706376,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on production",
    "value": 43.35285580335456,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.16156109103962,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 23.29904198695183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 29.194265696941244,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 50–64, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 35.94617543822552,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.70639029744387,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y50",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 45.763466436115806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 29.83773844648446,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.0570761386719365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.31332448595304,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 35.428891935438635,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 33.489880492760946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.549573892719716,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 29.83773844648446,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pension contributions",
    "value": 97.16125804604106,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.16156109103962,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other contributions",
    "value": 63.21833147416478,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.16156109103963,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.16156109103962,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.16156109103962,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.16156109103962,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y65",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2240,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y65-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y65-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y65-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y65",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 406.82543241925873,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 7.002243556100865,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 65–79, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 15.703595080556978,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y65",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2024",
    "value": 10703306,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2025-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2025-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2025-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2025-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2025-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2025-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2025-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2025-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2025-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2025-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2025-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2025-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2025-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2025-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-79",
        "nta-pop-2025-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.9750769633135383,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.8251682959312823,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pensions",
    "value": 239.7922467840768,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 65–79, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 61.52283774732139,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 1.68996132931033,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 65–79, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 3.7424068803917354,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 7.271952419588002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 5.02626861657938,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 1.8251682959312823,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 0.9165907482233516,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 2.5891962024760034,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 30.18955751408879,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Health care",
    "value": 78.84193139016625,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 65–79, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "nta-2024-share-health-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-health-health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 30.18955751408879,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Education",
    "value": 0.03230707023164966,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 65–79, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "nta-2024-share-education-education-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-education-education-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 0.021735170325841605,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 12.2756854516471,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 65–79, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 10.822120209001566,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 10.415000276505443,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 7.300429424896919,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 15.562570588354566,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 6.7024256507101905,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 65–79, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 15.562570588354566,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Collective services",
    "value": 52.241601804114005,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 65–79, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 15.562570588354566,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y65-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 119.60768589406018,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.7291063487017,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 51.09961576472619,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 65–79, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 15.703595080556978,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.3860836265559113,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.8251682959312823,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.624755811119464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.084247252813647,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 65–79, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 27.19178603125347,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.829658986619982,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y65",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 23.452632806965035,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.291095235377824,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.622973820345053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.189137655837126,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.719059681817424,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 13.913490453163352,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.8689679376052295,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.291095235377824,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pension contributions",
    "value": 5.347626647961067,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.8251682959312823,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.479453033334352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.8251682959312823,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8251682959312823,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8251682959312823,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8251682959312823,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 3030,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y80-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y80-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y80-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 196.04547505119172,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.7575388569933916,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 6.1841998613997315,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2024",
    "value": 4215047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2025-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2025-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2025-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2025-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2025-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2025-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2025-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2025-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2025-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2025-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2025-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2025-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2025-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2025-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2025-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2025-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2025-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2025-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2025-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2025-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-100",
        "nta-pop-2025-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.1314821277119977,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.24611084048794296,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pensions",
    "value": 95.1998064228856,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Retirement pensions, survivors' pensions included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions × 80 and over, share of Pensions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-pensions-pensions-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pensions by age profile",
    "value": 24.425152700644038,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = pensions of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct pensions by single age (retirees × average pension), and survivors' pensions by five-year band. Sources: DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Pension per person at each age at the end of 2022 (direct pensions by single age, survivors' pensions by DREES's age pyramid of survivors, under 50 and over 90 spread by population), applied to the population of the year."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Unemployment benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Unemployment insurance and solidarity benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Unemployment benefits × 80 and over, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Unemployment benefits by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = unemployment of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Recipients of unemployment benefits × mean entitlement, by age. Sources: France Travail, Allocataires indemnisés, and montant moyen de l'allocation d'assurance chômage, par sexe et âge (December 2023 for 2023, December 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-unemployment-recipients-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The entitlement of unemployment insurance prices recipients of every scheme, solidarity allowances included; 60 and over is placed at 60 to 67."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.338242896920997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.9985309124351796,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.24611084048794296,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_children of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by the age of the children they are paid for (NTA convention). Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Following the NTA convention, family benefits go to the children they are paid for: each benefit's national amount (CNAF, the year's twelve months) is spread over the ages its rules cover, in proportion to population: birth grant at birth, PAJE basic allowance and PreParE under 3, childminding supplement under 6, family allowances and family support allowance under 20, family supplement 3 to 20, back-to-school allowance 6 to 18."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 0.3609606812354257,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: RSA and prime d'activité by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-minimum-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Minimum incomes paid by CNAF, at the age of the claimant; the old-age minimum (ASPA), paid by pension funds, is not in this table, so the 65 and over are underweighted."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Invalidité by age profile",
    "value": 1.019645929123186,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = disability of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Disability benefits paid by CNAF by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-disability-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Proxy for all disability cash benefits: invalidity pensions of health insurance, which no table found splits by age, are assumed to follow the CNAF disability benefits' age profile."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Remboursements des contrats collectifs de complémentaires santé by age profile",
    "value": 20.61887797706385,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Health care",
    "value": 53.84749882641479,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care paid for by public health insurance and hospitals, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care × 80 and over, share of Health care by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "nta-2024-share-health-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-health-health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Health care by age profile",
    "value": 20.61887797706385,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = health of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Reimbursements by public health insurance per person. Sources: DREES, Dépenses de santé et restes à charge (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-health-2023",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "DREES publishes ten-year bands; within them the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, keeping each band's mean. Hospitals' funding outside reimbursements is spread the same way."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Education",
    "value": 0.012722779607082998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Schooling from nursery to university, school transport included, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Education × 80 and over, share of Education by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-education",
        "nta-2024-share-education-education-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-education-education-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Education by age profile",
    "value": 0.008559481865588308,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = education of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Enrolment by single age and level, priced at spending per pupil. Sources: Eurostat, Pupils and students enrolled by education level, sex and age (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); Eurostat, Expenditure on educational institutions per pupil and student by education level (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-educ-cost-ed02",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed1",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed2",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed3_4",
        "nta-educ-cost-ed5-8",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each pupil or student costs the spending per pupil of their level, public and private institutions together; enrolment under two is Eurostat's early-childhood education. Training of adults and apprentices outside schools is counted by their enrolment only."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 16.545559244885766,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 80 and over, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 14.586397784352295,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Action sociale (dépendance, handicap, petite enfance, etc.) by age profile",
    "value": 18.89834358169911,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = social_care of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Help to the elderly, the disabled and children by beneficiaries' age, weighted by spending. Sources: DREES, Les dépenses d'aide sociale départementale, séries longues 1999-2024 (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes âgées (December 2023 and December 2024); DREES, Caractéristiques des bénéficiaires d'aides aux personnes handicapées (end of 2023 and end of 2024); DREES, Les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale à l'enfance en 2024 (end of 2024); CNAF, Dépenses d'action sociale [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-spending-elderly_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-elderly_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_home-2024",
        "nta-spending-disability_care_homes-2024",
        "nta-spending-child_welfare-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Each part of departmental social spending (DREES) goes to its beneficiaries' ages: help to the elderly at home and in care homes as APA recipients, help to the disabled as PCH recipients and residents of care homes, child welfare as children placed (end of 2024 for both years); CNAF's early-childhood spending goes to ages 0 to 2. Early-childhood spending also funds places up to 6; state childcare and other social action follow the same weights."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 2.8749668089381712,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Housing benefits by age of the claimant. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-housing-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Housing benefits are counted at the age of the claimant, not shared among the household's members."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Frais de fonctionnement de la Sécurité sociale by age profile",
    "value": 6.128663301735637,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Culture and leisure",
    "value": 2.639468196138297,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Public culture, sport and leisure services, spread equally per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Culture and leisure × 80 and over, share of Culture and leisure by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-culture",
        "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-culture-per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Culture and leisure by age profile",
    "value": 6.128663301735637,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Collective services",
    "value": 20.57315569963378,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Defence, police, justice, general administration and other collective spending, spread over people, net of other transfers and of balances with the rest of the world, which are small and negative overall.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Collective services × 80 and over, share of Collective services by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-collective_and_other",
        "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Collective services by age profile",
    "value": 6.128663301735637,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = per_capita of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Spread equally over residents: the National Transfer Accounts convention for public goods that no one consumes by age."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y80-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 850,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 42.77098511613754,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.18990722709627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 20.12343257124985,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 80 and over, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 6.1841998613997315,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Consumption per adult equivalent (NTA scale) at the level per consumption unit of the age. Sources: Insee, Insee Première n° 1749, “En 2017, les ménages consomment autant qu'en 2011 mais leur structure de consommation évolue” (2017); United Nations, National Transfer Accounts Manual (convention).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-consumption-uc-2017",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The one profile from 2017 (Budget de famille). Each person consumes by the NTA equivalence scale (0.4 for a child under 5, rising to 1 at 20) times the consumption per consumption unit of households of their age band; children at the level of the 35 to 64. The NTA regression of household consumption on its members' ages needs households' composition by age, which Insee does not publish: Budget de famille's table cad01 counts households by age of the reference person and, separately, by type of household, never the two crossed, and holds no consumption."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.3217462456011805,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.24611084048794296,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.63056845833417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 8.308263378501719,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 80 and over, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 10.229758682435277,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.957196739088133,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y80",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.752933422804778,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.706904621696916,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7957366837166455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.172844803170769,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.241594829802839,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.954724092456927,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.443966613538059,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.706904621696916,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.721089058953811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.24611084048794296,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.46917926000643234,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.246110840487943,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24611084048794296,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24611084048794296,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24611084048794296,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y00-parents",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 980,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y00-parents-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y00-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y00-parents-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1150,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y00-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y00-parents",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 27.244637761481485,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.19881552360117274,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 0.1374184220559006,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-caf-family_parents-2024",
    "label": "CNAF, family benefits (PAJE, family allowances, supplements, ARS, ASF) paid in 2024",
    "value": 28638831933,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Amounts paid by the family allowance funds in the year, summed over the months, euros: family benefits (PAJE, family allowances, supplements, ARS, ASF).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "CNAF",
      "title": "Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National]",
      "url": "https://data.caf.fr/explore/dataset/s_age_1_nat/",
      "location": "All ages, all months of the year",
      "published": "9 October 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y00-parents",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2024",
    "value": 1968427,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2025-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2025-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-2",
        "nta-pop-2025-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y00-parents-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y00-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y00-parents",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-parents-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-parents-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-parents",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-parents",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-parents-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-parents-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-parents",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y00",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-parents",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-parents",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y03-parents",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1160,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y03-parents-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y03-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y03-parents-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1370,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y03-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y03-parents",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 100.5384972755173,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.6137185299682116,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 0.4241933951992525,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y03-parents",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2024",
    "value": 6123515,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2025-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2025-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2025-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2025-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2025-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2025-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2025-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2025-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y03-parents-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y03-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y03-parents",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-parents-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-parents-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-parents",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-parents",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-parents-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-parents-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-parents",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y03",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-parents",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-parents",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y11-parents",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y11-parents-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y11-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y11-parents-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1640,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y11-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y11-parents",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 118.16379669623952,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 0.6269519889430155,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 0.4333401711537651,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y11-parents",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2024",
    "value": 6019380,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2025-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2025-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2025-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2025-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2025-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2025-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2025-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y11-parents-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y11-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y11-parents",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.744007060325156,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-parents-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-parents-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-parents",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-parents",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-parents-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.539951528519346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-parents-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-parents",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.17612963160002792,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-parents",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-parents",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y18-parents",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -60,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y18-parents-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y18-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y18-parents-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y18-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y18-parents",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 169.30204734009936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 21.289826137794744,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 14.715220726773094,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 10.760854017994681,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y18-parents",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2024",
    "value": 9511833,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2025-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2025-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2025-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2025-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2025-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2025-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2025-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2025-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2025-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2025-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2025-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-29",
        "nta-pop-2025-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y18-parents-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1540,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y18-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y18-parents",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 175.81009647741791,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-parents-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-parents-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-parents",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-parents",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-parents-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.10574745548068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-parents-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.732969251408421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-parents",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.933735186600543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y18",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-parents",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4526225721815983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-parents",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781166,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y30-parents",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y30-parents-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y30-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y30-parents-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y30-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y30-parents",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 144.18295042832466,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 37.8076548729144,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 26.132105683518827,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 42.725503621677866,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y30-parents",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2024",
    "value": 8407098,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2025-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2025-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2025-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2025-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2025-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2025-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2025-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2025-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2025-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-39",
        "nta-pop-2025-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y30-parents-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2370,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y30-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y30-parents",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 239.0627466267299,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-parents-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-parents-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-parents",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-parents",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-parents-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.19055766898403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-parents-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.97655221830741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-parents",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 25.15597350583887,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y30",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-parents",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8482276862571103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-parents",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y40-parents",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y40-parents-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y40-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y40-parents-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1420,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y40-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y40-parents",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 145.9987438688652,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 36.63805396392145,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 25.32369440638247,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 36.84359133293324,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y40-parents",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2024",
    "value": 8552974,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2025-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2025-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2025-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2025-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2025-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2025-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2025-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2025-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2025-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-49",
        "nta-pop-2025-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y40-parents-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2630,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y40-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y40-parents",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 269.75871135233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-parents-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-parents-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-parents",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-parents",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-parents-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.12627100464232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-parents-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.552582184542414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-parents",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.963106223499867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y40",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-parents",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.8756198515988496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-parents",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.290380838401365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y50-parents",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y50-parents-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y50-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y50-parents-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y50-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y50-parents",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 271.17795586319426,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 35.779465614336644,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 24.730250524041537,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 9.322880674632161,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y50-parents",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2024",
    "value": 13274375,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2025-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2025-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2025-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2025-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2025-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2025-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2025-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2025-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2025-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2025-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2025-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2025-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2025-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2025-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-64",
        "nta-pop-2025-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y50-parents-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y50-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y50-parents",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 382.7061970590277,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-parents-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-parents-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-parents",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-parents",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-parents-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 66.9327774842414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-parents-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 23.29904198695183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-parents",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.70639029744387,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y50",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-parents",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.0570761386719365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-parents",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.31332448595304,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y65-parents",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2240,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y65-parents-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y65-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y65-parents-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y65-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y65-parents",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 406.9074116471803,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 7.353931647509517,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 5.082931476391748,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0.249080487925201,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y65-parents",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2024",
    "value": 10703306,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2025-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2025-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2025-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2025-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2025-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2025-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2025-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2025-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2025-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2025-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2025-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2025-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2025-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2025-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-79",
        "nta-pop-2025-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y65-parents-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y65-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y65-parents",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 119.60768589406018,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-parents-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-parents-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-parents",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-parents",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-parents-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.7291063487017,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-parents-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.624755811119464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-parents",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.829658986619982,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y65",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-parents",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.622973820345053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-parents",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.189137655837126,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y80-parents",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 3030,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y80-parents-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y80-parents-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y80-parents-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y80-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y80-parents",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 196.07775911909775,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.370526964827052,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_parents+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 3.0208451944833716,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_parents-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Famille by age profile",
    "value": 0.09808986483684672,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = family_parents of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Family benefits by age of the parent who claims them. Sources: CNAF, Toutes prestations - Répartition des allocataires selon la prestation et l'âge [National] (2023 for 2023, 2024 for 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-caf-family_parents-2024",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative to the NTA convention: family benefits counted at the age of the parent who claims them."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y80-parents",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2024",
    "value": 4215047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2025-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2025-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2025-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2025-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2025-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2025-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2025-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2025-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2025-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2025-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2025-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2025-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2025-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2025-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2025-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2025-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2025-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2025-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2025-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2025-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-100",
        "nta-pop-2025-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y80-parents-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 850,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y80-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y80-parents",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 42.77098511613754,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-parents-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-parents-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-parents",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-parents",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-parents-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.18990722709627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-parents-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.63056845833417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-parents",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.957196739088133,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y80",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-parents",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7957366837166455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-parents"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-parents",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.172844803170769,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-parents",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y00-flat",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1180,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y00-flat-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y00-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y00-flat-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1560,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y00-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y00-flat",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 36.92219633614275,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y00",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 1.2762061411480068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 0–2, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 2.8620861755725766,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y00-flat",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2024",
    "value": 1968427,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2025-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2025-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-2",
        "nta-pop-2025-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y00-flat-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y00-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y00-flat",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 8.881208469346138,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-flat-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-flat-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-flat",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-flat",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-flat-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 8.881208469346138,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 9.313249807260442,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 0–2, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 2.8620861755725766,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-flat-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-flat",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y00",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-flat",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-flat",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y03-flat",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y03-flat-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y03-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y03-flat-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1550,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y03-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y03-flat",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 113.81336399348399,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y03",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.97010750731872,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 3–10, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 8.903569294857375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y03-flat",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2024",
    "value": 6123515,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2025-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2025-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2025-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2025-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2025-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2025-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2025-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2025-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y03-flat-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y03-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y03-flat",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 27.628257913330735,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-flat-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-flat-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-flat",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-flat",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-flat-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27.628257913330735,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 28.972281032967704,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 3–10, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 8.903569294857375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-flat-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-flat",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y03",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-flat",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-flat",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y11-flat",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1390,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y11-flat-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y11-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y11-flat-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y11-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y11-flat",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 128.44363146281972,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y11",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 3.902592823508527,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 11–17, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 8.752157358375479,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y11-flat",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2024",
    "value": 6019380,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2025-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2025-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2025-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2025-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2025-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2025-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2025-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y11-flat-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 390,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y11-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y11-flat",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 28.36247400280246,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-flat-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-flat-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-flat",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-flat",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-flat-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 27.15841847099665,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 28.479585459964966,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 11–17, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 8.752157358375479,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-flat-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-flat",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.17612963160002792,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-flat",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-flat",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y18-flat",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -30,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y18-flat-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y18-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y18-flat-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y18-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y18-flat",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 167.8042108434912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y18",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 6.166883023892275,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 18–29, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 13.83017216417573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y18-flat",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2024",
    "value": 9511833,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2025-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2025-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2025-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2025-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2025-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2025-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2025-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2025-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2025-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2025-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2025-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-29",
        "nta-pop-2025-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y18-flat-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y18-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y18-flat",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 171.62012255989515,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-flat-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-flat-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-flat",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-flat",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-flat-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.9157735379579,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 45.00348359239057,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 18–29, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 13.83017216417573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-flat-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.732969251408421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-flat",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.933735186600543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y18",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-flat",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4526225721815983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-flat",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781166,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y30-flat",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1050,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y30-flat-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y30-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y30-flat-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y30-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y30-flat",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 129.50878386768105,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y30",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 5.450641277898573,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 30–39, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 12.22389122453653,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y30-flat",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2024",
    "value": 8407098,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2025-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2025-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2025-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2025-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2025-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2025-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2025-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2025-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2025-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-39",
        "nta-pop-2025-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y30-flat-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2330,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y30-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y30-flat",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 234.80358571242297,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-flat-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-flat-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-flat",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-flat",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-flat-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 37.93139675467708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 39.776633409059485,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 30–39, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 12.22389122453653,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-flat-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.97655221830741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-flat",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 25.15597350583887,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y30",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-flat",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8482276862571103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-flat",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y40-flat",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y40-flat-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y40-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y40-flat-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y40-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y40-flat",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 133.2205935842159,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y40",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 5.545218240644007,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 40–49, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 12.435994433315837,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y40-flat",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2024",
    "value": 8552974,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2025-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2025-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2025-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2025-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2025-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2025-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2025-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2025-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2025-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-49",
        "nta-pop-2025-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y40-flat-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2580,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y40-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y40-flat",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 265.22200485086364,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-flat-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-flat-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-flat",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-flat",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-flat-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 38.58956450317593,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 40.46681883573974,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 40–49, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 12.435994433315837,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-flat-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.552582184542414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-flat",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.963106223499867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y40",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-flat",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.8756198515988496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-flat",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.290380838401365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y50-flat",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y50-flat-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y50-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y50-flat-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y50-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y50-flat",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 267.0977591462911,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y50",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 8.606282202387236,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 50–64, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 19.300895459076273,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y50-flat",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2024",
    "value": 13274375,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2025-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2025-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2025-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2025-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2025-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2025-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2025-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2025-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2025-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2025-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2025-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2025-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2025-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2025-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-64",
        "nta-pop-2025-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y50-flat-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y50-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y50-flat",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 375.66514389815336,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-flat-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-flat-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-flat",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-flat",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-flat-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 59.89172432336703,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 62.805258083549916,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 50–64, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 19.300895459076273,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-flat-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 23.29904198695183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-flat",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.70639029744387,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y50",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-flat",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.0570761386719365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-flat",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.31332448595304,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y65-flat",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2240,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y65-flat-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y65-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y65-flat-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y65-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y65-flat",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 406.7625495038046,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y65",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 6.939360640646723,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 65–79, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 15.562570588354566,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y65-flat",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2024",
    "value": 10703306,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2025-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2025-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2025-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2025-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2025-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2025-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2025-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2025-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2025-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2025-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2025-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2025-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2025-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2025-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-79",
        "nta-pop-2025-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y65-flat-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y65-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y65-flat",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 119.17007925411241,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-flat-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-flat-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-flat",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-flat",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-flat-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.29149970875392,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 50.64072101304724,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 65–79, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 15.562570588354566,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-flat-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.624755811119464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-flat",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.829658986619982,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y65",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-flat",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.622973820345053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-flat",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.189137655837126,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y80-flat",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 3040,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y80-flat-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y80-flat-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y80-flat-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y80-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y80-flat",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 196.02071126206948,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y80",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on products",
    "value": 2.7327750678711538,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid per unit sold, public transport above all, attributed to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_products-consumption_flat-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on products by age profile",
    "value": 6.128663301735637,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y80-flat",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2024",
    "value": 4215047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2025-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2025-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2025-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2025-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2025-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2025-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2025-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2025-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2025-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2025-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2025-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2025-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2025-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2025-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2025-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2025-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2025-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2025-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2025-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2025-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-100",
        "nta-pop-2025-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y80-flat-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y80-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y80-flat",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 42.598652162553975,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-flat-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-flat-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-flat",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-flat",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-flat-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.017574273512707,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.94271619100876,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products × 80 and over, share of Taxes on products by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_products-consumption_flat-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on products by age profile",
    "value": 6.128663301735637,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = consumption_flat of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same consumption per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The alternative allocation of taxes on products: equal consumption per person, children included."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-flat-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.63056845833417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-flat",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.957196739088133,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y80",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-flat",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7957366837166455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-flat"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-flat",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.172844803170769,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-flat",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y00-members",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1420,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y00-members-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y00-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y00-members-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1590,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y00-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y00-members",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 37.618259063301444,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 10.121066066709702,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.995534871818045,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 2.8620861755725766,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 12.832420222598175,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 0–2, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 11.312931955481684,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 2.8620861755725766,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y00-members",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2024",
    "value": 1968427,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2025-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2025-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-2",
        "nta-pop-2025-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y00-members-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y00-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y00-members",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-members-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-members-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-members",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-members",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-members-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-members-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-members",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y00",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-members",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-members",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-members",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y03-members",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1370,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y03-members-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y03-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y03-members-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1580,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y03-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y03-members",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 116.43430738752966,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 15.10537426600145,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 10.440616801944145,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 8.903569294857375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 10.9530685563166,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 3–10, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 9.656114523363655,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 8.903569294857375,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y03-members",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2024",
    "value": 6123515,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2025-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2025-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2025-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2025-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2025-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2025-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2025-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2025-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y03-members-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y03-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y03-members",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-members-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-members-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-members",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-members",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-members-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-members-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-members",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y03",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-members",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-members",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-members",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y11-members",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1490,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y11-members-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y11-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y11-members-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1830,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y11-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y11-members",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 132.21023774106754,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 13.293117365998217,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 9.188010973950876,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 8.752157358375479,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 16.660702619188513,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 11–17, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 14.687907019244523,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 8.752157358375479,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y11-members",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2024",
    "value": 6019380,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2025-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2025-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2025-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2025-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2025-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2025-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2025-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y11-members-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y11-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y11-members",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.744007060325156,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-members-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-members-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-members",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-members",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-members-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.539951528519346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-members-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-members",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.17612963160002792,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-members",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-members",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-members",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y18-members",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -110,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y18-members-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y18-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y18-members-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y18-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y18-members",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 162.8128865796513,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 17.134742004313637,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 11.843286509614636,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 13.83017216417573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 12.305453142346032,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 18–29, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 10.848363104223763,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 13.83017216417573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y18-members",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2024",
    "value": 9511833,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2025-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2025-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2025-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2025-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2025-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2025-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2025-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2025-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2025-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2025-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2025-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-29",
        "nta-pop-2025-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y18-members-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1540,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y18-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y18-members",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 175.81009647741791,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-members-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-members-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-members",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-members",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-members-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.10574745548068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-members-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.732969251408421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-members",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.933735186600543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y18",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-members",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4526225721815983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-members",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781166,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-members",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y30-members",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1150,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y30-members-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y30-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y30-members-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y30-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y30-members",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 123.53046520410196,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 18.44113154130173,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 12.74624411328429,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 12.22389122453653,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 8.121539038960409,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 30–39, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 7.159866722549133,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 12.22389122453653,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y30-members",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2024",
    "value": 8407098,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2025-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2025-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2025-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2025-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2025-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2025-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2025-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2025-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2025-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-39",
        "nta-pop-2025-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y30-members-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2370,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y30-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y30-members",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 239.0627466267299,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-members-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-members-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-members",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-members",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-members-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.19055766898403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-members-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.97655221830741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-members",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 25.15597350583887,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y30",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-members",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8482276862571103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-members",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-members",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y40-members",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1370,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y40-members-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y40-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y40-members-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1260,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y40-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y40-members",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 129.02363451490322,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.860935910035504,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 14.41877798796513,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 12.435994433315837,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 8.58161253525804,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 40–49, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 7.565462866366955,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 12.435994433315837,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y40-members",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2024",
    "value": 8552974,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2025-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2025-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2025-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2025-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2025-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2025-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2025-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2025-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2025-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-49",
        "nta-pop-2025-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y40-members-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2630,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y40-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y40-members",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 269.75871135233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-members-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-members-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-members",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-members",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-members-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.12627100464232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-members-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.552582184542414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-members",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.963106223499867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y40",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-members",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.8756198515988496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-members",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.290380838401365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-members",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y50-members",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -730,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y50-members-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y50-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y50-members-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1670,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y50-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y50-members",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 266.4982830513607,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 31.33369092518253,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 21.65739518793027,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 19.300895459076273,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 13.339259667304805,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 50–64, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 11.759756486696988,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 19.300895459076273,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y50-members",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2024",
    "value": 13274375,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2025-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2025-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2025-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2025-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2025-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2025-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2025-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2025-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2025-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2025-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2025-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2025-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2025-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2025-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-64",
        "nta-pop-2025-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y50-members-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y50-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y50-members",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 382.7061970590277,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-members-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-members-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-members",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-members",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-members-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 66.9327774842414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-members-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 23.29904198695183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-members",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.70639029744387,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y50",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-members",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.0570761386719365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-members",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.31332448595304,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-members",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y65-members",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y65-members-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y65-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y65-members-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y65-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y65-members",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 412.99186250188694,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 12.135385772991366,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.38780359681261,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 15.562570588354566,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 13.578682180871988,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 65–79, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 11.970828954525471,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 15.562570588354566,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y65-members",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2024",
    "value": 10703306,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2025-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2025-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2025-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2025-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2025-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2025-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2025-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2025-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2025-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2025-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2025-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2025-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2025-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2025-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-79",
        "nta-pop-2025-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y65-members-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y65-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y65-members",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 119.60768589406018,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-members-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-members-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-members",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-members",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-members-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.7291063487017,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-members-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.624755811119464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-members",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.829658986619982,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y65",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-members",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.622973820345053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-members",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.189137655837126,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-members",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y80-members",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 3070,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y80-members-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y80-members-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y80-members-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3920,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y80-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y80-members",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 198.47386395619705,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 6.253501391282096,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum_members+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 4.32232995667998,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum_members-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Exclusion sociale by age profile",
    "value": 6.128663301735637,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = minimum_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for minimum incomes: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Social care and housing aid",
    "value": 17.058689655529996,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Care for dependent elderly and disabled people, childcare and other social action, housing benefits and the energy cheque, and the running costs of social security, received in kind.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Social care and housing aid × 80 and over, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-social_care+housing_members+per_capita-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Social care and housing aid by age profile",
    "value": 15.0387683675478,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_action-ensemble-social_care-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-social_security_costs-ensemble-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_in_kind-dna-cell-tc-housing_aid-ensemble-housing_members-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Aides au logement et chèque énergie by age profile",
    "value": 6.128663301735637,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = housing_members of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The same amount per person at every age. Sources: Eurostat, Population on 1 January by age and sex (the year of the view).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A stress case for housing benefits: spread equally over every resident, recipients or not. It is not a sharing within the household, which stays untested: no table gives households' composition by the claimant's age."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y80-members",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2024",
    "value": 4215047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2025-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2025-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2025-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2025-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2025-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2025-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2025-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2025-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2025-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2025-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2025-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2025-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2025-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2025-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2025-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2025-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2025-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2025-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2025-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2025-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-100",
        "nta-pop-2025-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y80-members-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 850,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y80-members",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y80-members",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 42.77098511613754,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-members-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-members-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-members",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-members",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-members-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.18990722709627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-members-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.63056845833417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-members",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.957196739088133,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y80",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-members",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7957366837166455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-members"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-members",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.172844803170769,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-members",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y00-agetail",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y00-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y00-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y00-agetail-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y00-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y00-agetail",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 36.21648652071936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y00",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.170664282839045,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.338630868081346,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y00-agetail",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2024",
    "value": 1968427,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2025-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2025-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-2",
        "nta-pop-2025-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y00-agetail-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y00-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y00-agetail",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y00",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-agetail",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-agetail",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-agetail-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-agetail-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-agetail",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y00",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-agetail",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-agetail",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y03-agetail",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y03-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y03-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y03-agetail-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y03-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y03-agetail",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 112.07357951181811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y03",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 12.148800766269016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.39707584665867,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y03-agetail",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2024",
    "value": 6123515,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2025-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2025-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2025-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2025-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2025-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2025-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2025-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2025-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y03-agetail-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y03-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y03-agetail",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y03",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-agetail",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-agetail",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-agetail-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-agetail-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-agetail",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y03",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-agetail",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-agetail",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y11-agetail",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y11-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y11-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y11-agetail-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1770,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y11-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y11-agetail",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 127.9227477330844,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y11",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.08631798309712382,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.16157170361427542,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 10.386445011999845,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.178960970786987,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.16157170361427542,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y11-agetail",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2024",
    "value": 6019380,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2025-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2025-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2025-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2025-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2025-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2025-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2025-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y11-agetail-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y11-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y11-agetail",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.736494030999562,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-agetail",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-agetail",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-agetail-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.539951528519346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.211226327658763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.16157170361427542,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-agetail-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-agetail",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.17503062324670704,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.17503062324670704,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.11411980698295353,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-agetail",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-agetail",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.028874705667990372,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.11411980698295353,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.4733947821306541,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.16157170361427542,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.3080160637761022,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.16157170361427542,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.16157170361427542,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.16157170361427542,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.16157170361427542,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y18-agetail",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -60,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y18-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y18-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y18-agetail-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y18-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y18-agetail",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 168.22533407288836,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y18",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 8.23255895158943,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.409866254828872,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.319767181457898,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 14.04472996897687,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 15.409866254828872,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y18-agetail",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2024",
    "value": 9511833,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2025-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2025-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2025-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2025-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2025-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2025-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2025-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2025-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2025-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2025-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2025-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-29",
        "nta-pop-2025-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y18-agetail-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y18-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y18-agetail",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 174.18965321486218,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y18",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-agetail",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-agetail",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-agetail-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.10574745548068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on production",
    "value": 20.1456652737343,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.409866254828872,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-agetail-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.732969251408421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-agetail",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.71746773184256,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y18",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 17.17009030402416,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 11.194883244021034,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-agetail",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4526225721815983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-agetail",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781166,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 10.67575030766953,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 10.09147005291409,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.8325403556536806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 11.194883244021034,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pension contributions",
    "value": 45.1499248642118,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.409866254828872,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other contributions",
    "value": 29.37696540267962,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.409866254828872,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.409866254828872,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.409866254828872,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.409866254828872,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y30-agetail",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1050,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y30-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y30-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y30-agetail-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y30-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y30-agetail",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 129.75417574373097,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y30",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 12.179375481061655,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 22.797595296207014,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 23.594963781923347,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.308498615441643,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 22.797595296207014,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y30-agetail",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2024",
    "value": 8407098,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2025-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2025-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2025-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2025-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2025-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2025-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2025-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2025-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2025-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-39",
        "nta-pop-2025-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y30-agetail-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y30-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y30-agetail",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 235.76483278000566,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y30",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-agetail",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-agetail",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-agetail-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.19055766898403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on production",
    "value": 29.803809863666224,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 22.797595296207014,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-agetail-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.97655221830741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-agetail",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 24.717811668587636,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y30",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 26.566039354844747,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 17.321033469687237,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-agetail",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8482276862571103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-agetail",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 17.58905066345194,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 16.62640778530547,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.382584903752392,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 17.321033469687237,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pension contributions",
    "value": 66.79549956417748,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 22.797595296207014,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other contributions",
    "value": 43.460738542821474,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 22.797595296207014,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 22.797595296207014,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 22.797595296207014,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 22.797595296207014,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y40-agetail",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y40-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y40-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y40-agetail-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y40-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y40-agetail",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 133.83442176656047,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y40",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 13.757195850837151,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.75099059107956,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 24.496177532660028,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.93140456019949,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 25.75099059107956,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y40-agetail",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2024",
    "value": 8552974,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2025-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2025-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2025-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2025-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2025-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2025-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2025-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2025-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2025-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-49",
        "nta-pop-2025-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y40-agetail-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2620,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y40-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y40-agetail",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 269.40047825825997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y40",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-agetail",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-agetail",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-agetail-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.12627100464232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on production",
    "value": 33.6648500600975,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.75099059107956,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-agetail-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.552582184542414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-agetail",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.917592187479357,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y40",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 30.793212039078206,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 20.07714621076103,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-agetail",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.8756198515988496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-agetail",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.290380838401365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 21.643850407399658,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 20.459289691246614,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 5.079939256955875,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 20.07714621076103,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pension contributions",
    "value": 75.44875932988288,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.75099059107956,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other contributions",
    "value": 49.09101397566112,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.750990591079564,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.75099059107956,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.75099059107956,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.75099059107956,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y50-agetail",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -740,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y50-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y50-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y50-agetail-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1690,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y50-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y50-agetail",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 268.62200375487396,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y50",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 18.018243245268003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.7269031645315,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 32.92148545003776,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 22.754855860026986,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 33.7269031645315,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y50-agetail",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2024",
    "value": 13274375,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2025-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2025-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2025-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2025-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2025-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2025-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2025-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2025-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2025-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2025-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2025-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2025-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2025-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2025-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-64",
        "nta-pop-2025-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y50-agetail-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y50-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y50-agetail",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 387.34205731180714,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y50",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-agetail",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-agetail",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-agetail-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 66.9327774842414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on production",
    "value": 44.09194023078476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.7269031645315,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-agetail-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 23.29904198695183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-agetail",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 40.318825354185606,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y50",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 46.375901492857544,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 30.237045545828156,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-agetail",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.0570761386719365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-agetail",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.31332448595304,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 35.87803010606283,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 33.91443748106167,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.650606967253485,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 30.237045545828156,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pension contributions",
    "value": 98.81767424840345,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.7269031645315,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other contributions",
    "value": 64.29608479525189,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.7269031645315,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.7269031645315,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.7269031645315,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.7269031645315,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y65-agetail",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2230,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y65-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y65-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y65-agetail-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y65-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y65-agetail",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 406.89877547357855,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y65",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.0183027584578763,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.9060791920268736,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 7.302069678763493,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 5.047085231688604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 1.9060791920268736,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y65-agetail",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2024",
    "value": 10703306,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2025-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2025-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2025-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2025-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2025-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2025-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2025-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2025-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2025-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2025-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2025-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2025-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2025-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2025-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-79",
        "nta-pop-2025-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y65-agetail-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y65-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y65-agetail",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 120.25246644897922,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y65",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-agetail",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-agetail",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-agetail-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.7291063487017,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.491860263600305,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.9060791920268736,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-agetail-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.624755811119464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-agetail",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.917309758718467,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y65",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 23.54028357906352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.348243458975745,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-agetail",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.622973820345053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-agetail",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.189137655837126,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.764642952023426,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 13.95657896618967,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.883427637279318,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.348243458975745,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pension contributions",
    "value": 5.58469041081282,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.9060791920268736,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.6336994463786683,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.9060791920268736,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.9060791920268736,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.9060791920268736,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.9060791920268736,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y80-agetail",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 3030,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y80-agetail-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y80-agetail-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y80-agetail-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y80-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y80-agetail",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 196.04627542274565,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y80",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.13195383832114566,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.24699379771189953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.338571557865789,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_agetail+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.998758078139379,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.24699379771189953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y80-agetail",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2024",
    "value": 4215047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2025-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2025-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2025-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2025-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2025-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2025-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2025-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2025-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2025-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2025-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2025-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2025-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2025-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2025-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2025-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2025-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2025-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2025-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2025-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2025-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-100",
        "nta-pop-2025-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y80-agetail-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 850,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y80-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y80-agetail",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 42.77444754111473,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-agetail-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y80",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-agetail-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-agetail",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-agetail",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-agetail-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.18990722709627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.32290055546933266,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.24699379771189953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-agetail-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.63056845833417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-agetail",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.958153246630925,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y80",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.75388993034757,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.707528263743869,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-agetail",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7957366837166455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-agetail"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-agetail",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.172844803170769,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-agetail",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.238518387993936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.951816023282457,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.4441244080614117,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.707528263743869,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.7236760672808599,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.24699379771189953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.47086250653117695,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail+earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.24699379771189958,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24699379771189953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24699379771189953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_agetail-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24699379771189953,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_agetail of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the open band valued by age group, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_agetail",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_agetail",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y00-bandlow",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y00-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y00-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y00-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y00-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y00-bandlow",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 36.21648652071936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y00",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.170664282839045,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.338630868081346,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y00-bandlow",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2024",
    "value": 1968427,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2025-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2025-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-2",
        "nta-pop-2025-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y00-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y00-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y00-bandlow",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y00",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-bandlow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-bandlow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-bandlow",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y00",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-bandlow",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-bandlow",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y03-bandlow",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y03-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y03-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y03-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y03-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y03-bandlow",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 112.07357951181811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y03",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 12.148800766269016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.39707584665867,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y03-bandlow",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2024",
    "value": 6123515,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2025-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2025-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2025-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2025-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2025-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2025-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2025-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2025-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y03-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y03-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y03-bandlow",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y03",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-bandlow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-bandlow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-bandlow",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y03",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-bandlow",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-bandlow",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y11-bandlow",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y11-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y11-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y11-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1770,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y11-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y11-bandlow",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 127.90945110948441,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y11",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.07848142470485216,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.1469030790185477,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 10.38098494679212,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.175187052475291,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.1469030790185477,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y11-bandlow",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2024",
    "value": 6019380,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2025-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2025-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2025-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2025-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2025-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2025-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2025-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y11-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y11-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y11-bandlow",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.627863420632192,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-bandlow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-bandlow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.539951528519346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.19204970430299606,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.1469030790185477,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-bandlow",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.159140102519813,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.159140102519813,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.10375920193811097,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-bandlow",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-bandlow",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.026253255201842882,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.10375920193811097,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.43041664803095686,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.1469030790185477,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.2800521820572356,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.1469030790185477,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.1469030790185477,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.1469030790185477,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.1469030790185477,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y18-bandlow",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -50,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y18-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y18-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y18-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y18-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y18-bandlow",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 168.202328393204,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y18",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 8.219000219867464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.384486753309451,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.310320233495517,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 14.038200374814801,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 15.384486753309451,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y18-bandlow",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2024",
    "value": 9511833,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2025-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2025-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2025-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2025-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2025-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2025-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2025-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2025-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2025-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2025-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2025-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-29",
        "nta-pop-2025-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y18-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1520,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y18-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y18-bandlow",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 173.98745291050113,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y18",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-bandlow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-bandlow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.10574745548068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on production",
    "value": 20.11248607970565,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.384486753309451,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.732969251408421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-bandlow",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.689974118361555,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y18",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 17.142596690543154,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 11.17695743306569,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-bandlow",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4526225721815983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-bandlow",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781166,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 10.661501554108831,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 10.07800112888485,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.8280047493564062,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 11.17695743306569,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pension contributions",
    "value": 45.07556454415815,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.384486753309451,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other contributions",
    "value": 29.328582585739877,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.384486753309451,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.384486753309451,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.384486753309451,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.384486753309451,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y30-bandlow",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1080,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y30-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y30-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y30-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y30-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y30-bandlow",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 130.11134224005363,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y30",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 12.389876747277537,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 23.19161571901038,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 23.74162901203012,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.409871506887328,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 23.19161571901038,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y30-bandlow",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2024",
    "value": 8407098,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2025-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2025-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2025-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2025-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2025-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2025-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2025-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2025-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2025-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-39",
        "nta-pop-2025-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y30-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2370,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y30-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y30-bandlow",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 238.97018643809713,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y30",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-bandlow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-bandlow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.19055766898403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on production",
    "value": 30.318921638002642,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 23.19161571901038,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.97655221830741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-bandlow",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 25.144653984614955,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y30",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 26.992881670872066,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 17.59933427107635,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-bandlow",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8482276862571103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-bandlow",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 17.876429378016304,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 16.898058358641546,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.453000845907612,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 17.59933427107635,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pension contributions",
    "value": 67.94995426159979,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 23.19161571901038,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other contributions",
    "value": 44.2118887564073,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 23.191615719010382,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.19161571901038,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.19161571901038,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.19161571901038,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y40-bandlow",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1330,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y40-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y40-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y40-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y40-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y40-bandlow",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 133.95086913488956,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y40",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 13.825825799987367,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.879453483808234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 24.54399495183891,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.9644552705833,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 25.879453483808234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y40-bandlow",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2024",
    "value": 8552974,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2025-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2025-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2025-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2025-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2025-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2025-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2025-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2025-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2025-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-49",
        "nta-pop-2025-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y40-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2640,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y40-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y40-bandlow",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 270.4554487017457,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y40",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-bandlow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-bandlow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.12627100464232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on production",
    "value": 33.83279249348471,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.879453483808234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.552582184542414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-bandlow",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 28.056756036565506,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y40",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 30.932375888164355,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 20.167880913649743,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-bandlow",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.8756198515988496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-bandlow",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.290380838401365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 21.747470412021602,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 20.557238607565303,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 5.102897040613672,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 20.167880913649743,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pension contributions",
    "value": 75.82514740870357,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.879453483808234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other contributions",
    "value": 49.33591226957303,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.879453483808234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.879453483808234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.879453483808234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.879453483808234,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y50-bandlow",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -730,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y50-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y50-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y50-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y50-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y50-bandlow",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 268.2621835746487,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y50",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 17.80617799187143,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.32995523966949,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 32.77373052320913,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 22.65272978592572,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 33.32995523966949,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y50-bandlow",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2024",
    "value": 13274375,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2025-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2025-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2025-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2025-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2025-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2025-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2025-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2025-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2025-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2025-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2025-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2025-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2025-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2025-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-64",
        "nta-pop-2025-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y50-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2410,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y50-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y50-bandlow",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 384.07921900110784,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y50",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-bandlow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-bandlow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 66.9327774842414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on production",
    "value": 43.57300126706289,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.32995523966949,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 23.29904198695183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-bandlow",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.88881167523745,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y50",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 45.94588781390939,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 29.956677018702337,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-bandlow",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.0570761386719365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-bandlow",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.31332448595304,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 35.55484677667532,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 33.608941867533495,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.579667847101141,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 29.956677018702337,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pension contributions",
    "value": 97.6546421567454,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.32995523966949,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other contributions",
    "value": 63.539353668420546,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.32995523966949,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.32995523966949,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.32995523966949,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.32995523966949,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y65-bandlow",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2240,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y65-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y65-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y65-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y65-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y65-bandlow",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 406.82231729622833,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y65",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.9732410202755323,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.8217317415338559,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 7.270673239595535,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 5.025384465820394,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 1.8217317415338559,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y65-bandlow",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2024",
    "value": 10703306,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2025-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2025-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2025-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2025-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2025-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2025-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2025-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2025-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2025-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2025-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2025-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2025-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2025-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2025-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-79",
        "nta-pop-2025-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y65-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y65-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y65-bandlow",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 119.57359308256389,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y65",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-bandlow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-bandlow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.7291063487017,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.3815909415811904,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.8217317415338559,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.624755811119464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-bandlow",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.825936167310946,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y65",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 23.448909987656,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.288667960578142,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-bandlow",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.622973820345053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-bandlow",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.189137655837126,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.71041676845693,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 13.905320563569298,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.868353786150989,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.288667960578142,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pension contributions",
    "value": 5.337557762853971,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.8217317415338559,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.47290167604363,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.8217317415338559,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8217317415338559,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8217317415338559,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8217317415338559,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y80-bandlow",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 3030,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y80-bandlow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y80-bandlow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y80-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y80-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y80-bandlow",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 196.0452422189538,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y80",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.13134490464824602,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.24585398365012065,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.338147287746844,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandlow+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.9984648287531397,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.24585398365012065,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y80-bandlow",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2024",
    "value": 4215047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2025-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2025-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2025-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2025-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2025-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2025-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2025-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2025-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2025-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2025-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2025-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2025-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2025-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2025-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2025-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2025-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2025-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2025-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2025-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2025-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-100",
        "nta-pop-2025-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y80-bandlow-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 850,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y80-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y80-bandlow",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 42.76666603138094,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-bandlow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y80",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-bandlow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-bandlow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-bandlow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.18990722709627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.32141045087120246,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.24585398365012065,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-bandlow-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.63056845833417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-bandlow",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.956918486080914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y80",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.75265516979756,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.706723200989573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-bandlow",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7957366837166455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-bandlow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-bandlow",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.172844803170769,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-bandlow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.239177935322353,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.9524394738055,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.4439207102924692,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.706723200989573,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.7203364848083409,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.24585398365012065,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.46868959485857403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow+earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.24585398365012068,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24585398365012065,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24585398365012065,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandlow-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24585398365012065,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandlow of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their lower bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandlow",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandlow",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y00-bandhigh",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y00-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y00-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y00-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y00-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y00-bandhigh",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 36.21648652071936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.170664282839045,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.338630868081346,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y00-bandhigh",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2024",
    "value": 1968427,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2025-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2025-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-2",
        "nta-pop-2025-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y00-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y00-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y00-bandhigh",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-bandhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-bandhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-bandhigh",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y00",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-bandhigh",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-bandhigh",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y03-bandhigh",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y03-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y03-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y03-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y03-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y03-bandhigh",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 112.07357951181811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 12.148800766269016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.39707584665867,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y03-bandhigh",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2024",
    "value": 6123515,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2025-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2025-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2025-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2025-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2025-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2025-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2025-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2025-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y03-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y03-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y03-bandhigh",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-bandhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-bandhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-bandhigh",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y03",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-bandhigh",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-bandhigh",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y11-bandhigh",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y11-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y11-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y11-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1770,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y11-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y11-bandhigh",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 127.93643130200027,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.09438259333576009,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.176667200154961,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 10.392063970677073,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.182844713972811,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.176667200154961,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y11-bandhigh",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2024",
    "value": 6019380,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2025-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2025-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2025-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2025-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2025-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2025-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2025-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y11-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y11-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y11-bandhigh",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.848285902985353,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-bandhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-bandhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.539951528519346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.23096101032378416,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.176667200154961,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-bandhigh",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.19138357434291173,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.19138357434291173,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.12478191620752127,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-bandhigh",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-bandhigh",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.031572443017873424,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.12478191620752127,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.5176236237915185,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.176667200154961,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.336793722989921,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.17666720015496104,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.176667200154961,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.176667200154961,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.176667200154961,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y18-bandhigh",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -70,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y18-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y18-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y18-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y18-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y18-bandhigh",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 168.58943338360604,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 8.447146172741224,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.811534848687666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.469279271023787,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 14.148070568615559,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 15.811534848687666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y18-bandhigh",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2024",
    "value": 9511833,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2025-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2025-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2025-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2025-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2025-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2025-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2025-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2025-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2025-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2025-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2025-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-29",
        "nta-pop-2025-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y18-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1550,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y18-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y18-bandhigh",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 177.44666578431142,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-bandhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-bandhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.10574745548068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on production",
    "value": 20.670775674372273,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 15.811534848687666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.732969251408421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-bandhigh",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 17.152595311419084,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y18",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 17.605217883600684,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 11.478586029700093,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-bandhigh",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4526225721815983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-bandhigh",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781166,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 10.958148302212162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 10.358412499374516,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.904323113180561,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 11.478586029700093,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pension contributions",
    "value": 46.32678821481714,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.811534848687666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other contributions",
    "value": 30.142695889239498,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 15.811534848687668,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.811534848687666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.811534848687666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 15.811534848687666,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y30-bandhigh",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1080,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y30-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y30-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y30-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y30-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y30-bandhigh",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 130.1293181512503,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 12.400471111830866,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 23.211446459583478,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 23.74901055867344,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.414973525450485,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 23.211446459583478,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y30-bandhigh",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2024",
    "value": 8407098,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2025-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2025-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2025-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2025-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2025-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2025-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2025-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2025-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2025-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-39",
        "nta-pop-2025-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y30-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2370,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y30-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y30-bandhigh",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 239.14586202753864,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-bandhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-bandhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.19055766898403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on production",
    "value": 30.344846811856165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 23.211446459583478,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.97655221830741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-bandhigh",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 25.166136625475442,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y30",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 27.014364311732553,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 17.613340933356397,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-bandhigh",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8482276862571103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-bandhigh",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 17.90524556435326,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 16.925297444708377,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.456544825357102,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 17.613340933356397,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pension contributions",
    "value": 68.00805706613234,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 23.211446459583478,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other contributions",
    "value": 44.24969356081582,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 23.211446459583478,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.211446459583478,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.211446459583478,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 23.211446459583478,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y40-bandhigh",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y40-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y40-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y40-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y40-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y40-bandhigh",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 133.80214848212387,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 13.738175121544803,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.71538721475538,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 24.48292497751577,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 16.922244585248105,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 25.71538721475538,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y40-bandhigh",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2024",
    "value": 8552974,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2025-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2025-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2025-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2025-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2025-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2025-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2025-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2025-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2025-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-49",
        "nta-pop-2025-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y40-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2620,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y40-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y40-bandhigh",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 269.1331066451183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-bandhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-bandhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.12627100464232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on production",
    "value": 33.61830496423614,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 25.71538721475538,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.552582184542414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-bandhigh",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.87902305062987,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y40",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 30.754642902228717,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 20.051999168654238,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-bandhigh",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.8756198515988496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-bandhigh",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.290380838401365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 21.640144721216167,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 20.455786816032365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 5.073576527658912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 20.051999168654238,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pension contributions",
    "value": 75.34444370900945,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.71538721475538,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other contributions",
    "value": 49.02314063158415,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 25.71538721475538,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.71538721475538,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.71538721475538,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 25.71538721475538,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y50-bandhigh",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -710,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y50-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y50-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y50-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y50-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y50-bandhigh",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 267.97248928906833,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 17.63544245380157,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.010369091295196,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 32.65477177569861,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 22.57050721559246,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 33.010369091295196,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y50-bandhigh",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2024",
    "value": 13274375,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2025-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2025-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2025-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2025-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2025-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2025-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2025-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2025-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2025-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2025-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2025-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2025-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2025-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2025-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-64",
        "nta-pop-2025-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y50-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2390,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y50-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y50-bandhigh",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 381.47334268443683,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-bandhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-bandhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 66.9327774842414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on production",
    "value": 43.15519909637546,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 33.010369091295196,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 23.29904198695183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-bandhigh",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.542604007188764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y50",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 45.5996801458607,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 29.73094993437352,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-bandhigh",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.0570761386719365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-bandhigh",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.31332448595304,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 35.31571167260344,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 33.382894547973365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.522554158482111,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 29.73094993437352,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pension contributions",
    "value": 96.71827513394787,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.010369091295196,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other contributions",
    "value": 62.930103005974,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 33.010369091295196,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.010369091295196,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.010369091295196,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 33.010369091295196,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y65-bandhigh",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2240,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y65-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y65-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y65-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y65-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y65-bandhigh",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 406.82822926091694,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.9767253225983911,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.8282537273589652,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 7.273100901961327,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 5.027062431029291,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 1.8282537273589652,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y65-bandhigh",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2024",
    "value": 10703306,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2025-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2025-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2025-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2025-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2025-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2025-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2025-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2025-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2025-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2025-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2025-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2025-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2025-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2025-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-79",
        "nta-pop-2025-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y65-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y65-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y65-bandhigh",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 119.6383017854638,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-bandhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-bandhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.7291063487017,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.3901172805629787,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 1.8282537273589652,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.624755811119464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-bandhigh",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.83300143442299,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y65",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 23.455975254768042,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.293274508301923,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-bandhigh",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.622973820345053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-bandhigh",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.189137655837126,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.726825966766892,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 13.920831691927024,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.8695193393812857,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.293274508301923,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pension contributions",
    "value": 5.356666765171034,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.8282537273589652,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other contributions",
    "value": 3.4853350189924033,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 1.8282537273589654,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8282537273589652,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8282537273589652,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 1.8282537273589652,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y80-bandhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 3030,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y80-bandhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y80-bandhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y80-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y80-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y80-bandhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 196.0456840984966,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.13160533277973227,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.24634145816427802,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.338328739158122,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_bandhigh+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.9985902453512305,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.24634145816427802,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y80-bandhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2024",
    "value": 4215047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2025-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2025-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2025-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2025-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2025-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2025-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2025-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2025-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2025-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2025-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2025-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2025-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2025-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2025-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2025-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2025-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2025-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2025-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2025-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2025-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-100",
        "nta-pop-2025-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y80-bandhigh-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 850,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y80-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y80-bandhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 42.774864756173805,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-bandhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-bandhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-bandhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-bandhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.18990722709627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.3220477372842895,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.24634145816427802,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-bandhigh-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.63056845833417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-bandhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.957446567212228,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y80",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.753183250928874,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.707067509406345,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-bandhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7957366837166455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-bandhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-bandhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.172844803170769,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-bandhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.243766597449406,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.956776999984324,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.444007827546311,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.707067509406345,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.7217647540303743,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.24634145816427802,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.46961890350410507,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh+earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.24634145816427805,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24634145816427802,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24634145816427802,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_bandhigh-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.24634145816427802,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_bandhigh of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × their total annual net pay (base Tous salariés), the closed bands at their upper bounds, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-bts-mass-14_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-30_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-40_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-50_bandhigh",
        "nta-bts-mass-60_bandhigh",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Employees' pay is their total annual net pay, from Insee's base Tous salariés of 2023 (private and public employers, salariés file, a sample of 1/12): it counts part-year and part-time work once. The file over-represents employees born in an even year, so single ages alternate; ages are taken in pairs, one born in an even year and one in an odd one, and the pay per person is smoothed within each pair, keeping its mean. The file's weights give counts of the file, not volumes: only the shape across ages is used. Pay is in bands; the central case values each closed band at its midpoint and the open band, 50,000 euros and over, at the mean of one Pareto tail fitted on the two top bands of all ages. Variants value the open band by age group and the closed bands at their bounds. Other alternatives price the Enquête emploi's employees by age (PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band) by Insee's revenu salarial, by the full-time-equivalent salary, or by their geometric mean, an arbitrary midpoint. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y00-paymid",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y00-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y00-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y00-paymid-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y00-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y00-paymid",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 36.21648652071936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y00",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.170664282839045,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.338630868081346,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y00-paymid",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2024",
    "value": 1968427,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2025-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2025-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-2",
        "nta-pop-2025-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y00-paymid-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y00-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y00-paymid",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y00",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-paymid",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-paymid",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-paymid-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-paymid-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-paymid",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y00",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-paymid",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-paymid",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y03-paymid",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y03-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y03-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y03-paymid-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y03-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y03-paymid",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 112.07357951181811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y03",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 12.148800766269016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.39707584665867,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y03-paymid",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2024",
    "value": 6123515,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2025-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2025-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2025-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2025-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2025-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2025-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2025-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2025-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y03-paymid-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y03-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y03-paymid",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y03",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-paymid",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-paymid",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-paymid-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-paymid-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-paymid",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y03",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-paymid",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-paymid",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y11-paymid",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y11-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y11-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y11-paymid-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y11-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y11-paymid",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 128.41176306574545,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y11",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.374526277503141,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.7010456747628954,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 10.587252050254852,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.317755899044587,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.7010456747628954,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y11-paymid",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2024",
    "value": 6019380,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2025-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2025-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2025-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2025-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2025-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2025-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2025-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y11-paymid-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y11-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y11-paymid",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 28.73164615864029,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-paymid",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-paymid",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-paymid-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.539951528519346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.9164928021972198,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.7010456747628954,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-paymid-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-paymid",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.7594427652449184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.7594427652449184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.49515599143009453,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-paymid",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-paymid",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.12528485536626963,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.49515599143009453,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pension contributions",
    "value": 2.0540190952018675,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.7010456747628954,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other contributions",
    "value": 1.3364551121106711,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.7010456747628955,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.7010456747628954,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.7010456747628954,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.7010456747628954,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y18-paymid",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": 60,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y18-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y18-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y18-paymid-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1460,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y18-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y18-paymid",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 166.6298518626805,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y18",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 7.292238319806926,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 13.649755545918977,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 19.66460560303256,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 13.591891736488206,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 13.649755545918977,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y18-paymid",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2024",
    "value": 9511833,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2025-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2025-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2025-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2025-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2025-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2025-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2025-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2025-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2025-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2025-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2025-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-29",
        "nta-pop-2025-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y18-paymid-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y18-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y18-paymid",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 159.98138008994437,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y18",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-paymid",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-paymid",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-paymid-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.10574745548068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on production",
    "value": 17.844632896162395,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 13.649755545918977,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-paymid-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.732969251408421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-paymid",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 14.810739836596891,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y18",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 15.26336240877849,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 9.951698392489385,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-paymid",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4526225721815983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-paymid",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781166,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 9.502230330549798,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 8.982176432858884,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.517988503281176,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 9.951698392489385,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pension contributions",
    "value": 39.99291279507241,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 13.649755545918977,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other contributions",
    "value": 26.021536449210995,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 13.649755545918977,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 13.649755545918977,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 13.649755545918977,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 13.649755545918977,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y30-paymid",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -960,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y30-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y30-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y30-paymid-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y30-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y30-paymid",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 128.63998704307784,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y30",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 11.52271217499658,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 21.568439965474415,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 23.13743838733528,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 15.99226366237571,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 21.568439965474415,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y30-paymid",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2024",
    "value": 8407098,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2025-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2025-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2025-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2025-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2025-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2025-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2025-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2025-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2025-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-39",
        "nta-pop-2025-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y30-paymid-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2240,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y30-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y30-paymid",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 225.80170025478904,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y30",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-paymid",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-paymid",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-paymid-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.19055766898403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on production",
    "value": 28.196907412153667,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 21.568439965474415,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-paymid-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.97655221830741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-paymid",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 23.386267723747185,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y30",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 25.234495410004296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 16.45286803008682,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-paymid",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8482276862571103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-paymid",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 16.728604824530443,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 15.81305386025228,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.162920831385637,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 16.45286803008682,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pension contributions",
    "value": 63.194152874252,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 21.568439965474415,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other contributions",
    "value": 41.11750901517157,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 21.56843996547442,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.568439965474415,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.568439965474415,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.568439965474415,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y40-paymid",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1410,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y40-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y40-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y40-paymid-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y40-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y40-paymid",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 134.94470479031324,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y40",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 14.411557289449863,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 26.975837240904337,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 24.95209911780008,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 17.246530983309448,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 26.975837240904337,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y40-paymid",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2024",
    "value": 8552974,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2025-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2025-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2025-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2025-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2025-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2025-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2025-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2025-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2025-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-49",
        "nta-pop-2025-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y40-paymid-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2720,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y40-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y40-paymid",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 279.4324715825493,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y40",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-paymid",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-paymid",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-paymid-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.12627100464232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on production",
    "value": 35.26611967600299,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 26.975837240904337,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-paymid-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.552582184542414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-paymid",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 29.24446853837975,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y40",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 32.1200883899786,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 20.9422683833626,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-paymid",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.8756198515988496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-paymid",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.290380838401365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 22.605065601907867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 21.36789789865448,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 5.298833318917039,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 20.9422683833626,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pension contributions",
    "value": 79.03748185967386,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 26.975837240904337,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other contributions",
    "value": 51.42602954688418,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 26.975837240904337,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 26.975837240904337,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 26.975837240904337,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 26.975837240904337,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y50-paymid",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -790,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y50-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y50-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y50-paymid-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1690,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y50-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y50-paymid",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 269.5496747198765,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y50",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 18.564979612691314,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 34.75029508291158,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 33.302420047617076,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 23.018152359000872,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 34.75029508291158,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y50-paymid",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2024",
    "value": 13274375,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2025-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2025-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2025-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2025-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2025-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2025-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2025-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2025-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2025-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2025-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2025-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2025-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2025-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2025-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-64",
        "nta-pop-2025-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y50-paymid-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y50-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y50-paymid",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 395.8251275016104,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y50",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-paymid",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-paymid",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-paymid-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 66.9327774842414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on production",
    "value": 45.42984353835365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 34.75029508291158,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-paymid-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 23.29904198695183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-paymid",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 41.42746579859987,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y50",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 47.48454193727181,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 30.95987810611518,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-paymid",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.0570761386719365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-paymid",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.31332448595304,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 36.78222417062643,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 34.76914530595441,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.833498771729157,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 30.95987810611518,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pension contributions",
    "value": 101.81614726935021,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 34.75029508291158,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other contributions",
    "value": 66.24705234308588,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 34.75029508291158,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 34.75029508291158,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 34.75029508291158,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 34.75029508291158,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y65-paymid",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y65-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y65-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y65-paymid-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y65-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y65-paymid",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 407.09637473960447,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y65",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.1347607581024064,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 2.1240675732070216,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 7.38321094514487,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 5.103168904571784,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 2.1240675732070216,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y65-paymid",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2024",
    "value": 10703306,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2025-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2025-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2025-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2025-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2025-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2025-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2025-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2025-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2025-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2025-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2025-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2025-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2025-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2025-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-79",
        "nta-pop-2025-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y65-paymid-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y65-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y65-paymid",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 122.03940262212132,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y65",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-paymid",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-paymid",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-paymid-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.7291063487017,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.776841384668914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 2.1240675732070216,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-paymid-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.624755811119464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-paymid",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 19.15345656762744,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y65",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 23.776430387972493,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.502210963361232,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-paymid",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.622973820345053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-paymid",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.189137655837126,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.937234798193561,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 14.119724918165694,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.922384646488333,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.502210963361232,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pension contributions",
    "value": 6.223382458413862,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 2.1240675732070216,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other contributions",
    "value": 4.049266786562988,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 2.1240675732070216,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1240675732070216,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1240675732070216,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1240675732070216,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y80-paymid",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 3040,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y80-paymid-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y80-paymid-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y80-paymid-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y80-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y80-paymid",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 196.03137774616434,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y80",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.12317367608216881,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.332454043523459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_mid+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.9945297404693605,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y80-paymid",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2024",
    "value": 4215047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2025-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2025-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2025-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2025-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2025-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2025-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2025-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2025-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2025-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2025-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2025-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2025-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2025-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2025-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2025-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2025-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2025-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2025-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2025-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2025-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-100",
        "nta-pop-2025-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y80-paymid-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y80-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y80-paymid",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 42.648701376373914,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-paymid-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y80",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-paymid-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-paymid",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-paymid",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-paymid-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.18990722709627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.3014148654723775,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-paymid-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.63056845833417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-paymid",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.940349340495086,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y80",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.736086024211732,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.695920133154625,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-paymid",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7957366837166455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-paymid"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-paymid",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.172844803170769,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-paymid",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.234483098793238,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.948001584114238,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.4411873074565178,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.695920133154625,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.6755229149358217,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.4395314800737789,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_mid+earnings_mid+earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.2305589168207995,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_mid-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_mid of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid an arbitrary midpoint, the geometric mean of the revenu salarial and the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y00-paylow",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y00-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y00-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y00-paylow-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y00-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y00-paylow",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 36.21648652071936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y00",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.170664282839045,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.338630868081346,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y00-paylow",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2024",
    "value": 1968427,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2025-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2025-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-2",
        "nta-pop-2025-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y00-paylow-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y00-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y00-paylow",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y00",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-paylow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-paylow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-paylow-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-paylow-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-paylow",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y00",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-paylow",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-paylow",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y03-paylow",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y03-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y03-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y03-paylow-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y03-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y03-paylow",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 112.07357951181811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y03",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 12.148800766269016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.39707584665867,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y03-paylow",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2024",
    "value": 6123515,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2025-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2025-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2025-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2025-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2025-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2025-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2025-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2025-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y03-paylow-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y03-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y03-paylow",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y03",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-paylow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-paylow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-paylow-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-paylow-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-paylow",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y03",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-paylow",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-paylow",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y11-paylow",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y11-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y11-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y11-paylow-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y11-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y11-paylow",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 128.27196566947362,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y11",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.29213464997961347,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.5468234009691425,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 10.529846281506568,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.278077859747617,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.5468234009691425,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y11-paylow",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2024",
    "value": 6019380,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2025-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2025-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2025-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2025-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2025-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2025-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2025-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y11-paylow-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y11-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y11-paylow",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 27.58953091633333,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-paylow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-paylow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-paylow-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.539951528519346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.7148745496942456,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.5468234009691425,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-paylow-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-paylow",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.5923737791736481,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.5923737791736481,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.38622716463606765,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-paylow",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-paylow",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.09772357660502137,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.38622716463606765,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pension contributions",
    "value": 1.602157673497843,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.5468234009691425,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other contributions",
    "value": 1.0424498088432304,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.5468234009691425,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.5468234009691425,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.5468234009691425,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.5468234009691425,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y18-paylow",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": 120,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y18-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y18-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y18-paylow-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1450,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y18-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y18-paylow",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 165.74638316668842,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y18",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 6.77155320212885,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 12.675126870742604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 19.30182202471854,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 13.341140960207216,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 12.675126870742604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y18-paylow",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2024",
    "value": 9511833,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2025-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2025-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2025-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2025-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2025-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2025-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2025-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2025-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2025-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2025-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2025-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-29",
        "nta-pop-2025-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y18-paylow-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1330,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y18-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y18-paylow",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 152.08744128594373,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y18",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-paylow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-paylow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-paylow-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.10574745548068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on production",
    "value": 16.57047887486233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 12.675126870742604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-paylow-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.732969251408421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-paylow",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 13.754924612555639,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y18",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 14.207547184737237,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 9.263307827785626,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-paylow",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4526225721815983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-paylow",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781166,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 8.826044436851943,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 8.342997967664484,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.3438112463619474,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 9.263307827785626,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pension contributions",
    "value": 37.137312965260115,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 12.675126870742604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other contributions",
    "value": 24.163529870981048,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 12.675126870742606,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 12.675126870742604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 12.675126870742604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 12.675126870742604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y30-paylow",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -960,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y30-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y30-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y30-paylow-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1280,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y30-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y30-paylow",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 128.6624706879071,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y30",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 11.535963237888652,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 21.59324356640845,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 23.146670969272485,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 15.998645089833348,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 21.59324356640845,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y30-paylow",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2024",
    "value": 8407098,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2025-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2025-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2025-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2025-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2025-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2025-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2025-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2025-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2025-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-39",
        "nta-pop-2025-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y30-paylow-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2240,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y30-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y30-paylow",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 225.9674411432708,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y30",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-paylow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-paylow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-paylow-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.19055766898403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on production",
    "value": 28.229333718374452,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 21.59324356640845,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-paylow-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.97655221830741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-paylow",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 23.41313746413571,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y30",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 25.26136515039282,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 16.47038707635393,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-paylow",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8482276862571103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-paylow",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 16.71065907687334,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 15.796090277380856,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.167353517681912,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 16.47038707635393,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pension contributions",
    "value": 63.26682584233714,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 21.59324356640845,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other contributions",
    "value": 41.1647939503197,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 21.593243566408447,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.59324356640845,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.59324356640845,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.59324356640845,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y40-paylow",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y40-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y40-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y40-paylow-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y40-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y40-paylow",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 135.69941999491508,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y40",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 14.856359665475482,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 27.808427103265604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 25.262011946376298,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 17.460738260017155,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 27.808427103265604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y40-paylow",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2024",
    "value": 8552974,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2025-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2025-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2025-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2025-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2025-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2025-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2025-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2025-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2025-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-49",
        "nta-pop-2025-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y40-paylow-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2790,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y40-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y40-paylow",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 286.18347097900465,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y40",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-paylow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-paylow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-paylow-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.12627100464232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on production",
    "value": 36.354583157779054,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 27.808427103265604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-paylow-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.552582184542414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-paylow",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 30.14641311938066,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y40",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 33.02203297097951,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 21.530335428910767,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-paylow",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.8756198515988496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-paylow",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.290380838401365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 23.1902009567998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 21.921008990673098,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 5.447626620467089,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 21.530335428910767,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pension contributions",
    "value": 81.47691703105544,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 27.808427103265604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other contributions",
    "value": 53.01325705273903,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 27.808427103265604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 27.808427103265604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 27.808427103265604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 27.808427103265604,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y50-paylow",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -810,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y50-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y50-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y50-paylow-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1690,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y50-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y50-paylow",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 269.8162361688218,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y50",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 18.722081477241954,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 35.04436145223192,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 33.41187963201165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 23.093809244811116,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 35.04436145223192,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y50-paylow",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2024",
    "value": 13274375,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2025-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2025-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2025-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2025-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2025-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2025-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2025-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2025-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2025-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2025-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2025-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2025-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2025-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2025-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-64",
        "nta-pop-2025-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y50-paylow-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y50-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y50-paylow",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 398.17057370114037,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y50",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-paylow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-paylow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-paylow-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 66.9327774842414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on production",
    "value": 45.814283127031686,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 35.04436145223192,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-paylow-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 23.29904198695183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-paylow",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 41.74602789051733,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y50",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 47.80310402918927,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 31.167580299979086,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-paylow",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.0570761386719365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-paylow",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.31332448595304,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 36.949919553826355,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 34.92766277674597,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.886051784856072,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 31.167580299979086,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pension contributions",
    "value": 102.67774296786864,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 35.04436145223192,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other contributions",
    "value": 66.80765276717511,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 35.044361452231925,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 35.04436145223192,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 35.04436145223192,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 35.04436145223192,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y65-paylow",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y65-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y65-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y65-paylow-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y65-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y65-paylow",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 407.07588053349207,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y65",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.122682199835681,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 2.101458689561498,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 7.374795297299167,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 5.097352130174155,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 2.101458689561498,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y65-paylow",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2024",
    "value": 10703306,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2025-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2025-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2025-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2025-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2025-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2025-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2025-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2025-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2025-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2025-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2025-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2025-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2025-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2025-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-79",
        "nta-pop-2025-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y65-paylow-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y65-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y65-paylow",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 121.82444730500895,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y65",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-paylow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-paylow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-paylow-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.7291063487017,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.747284281797058,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 2.101458689561498,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-paylow-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.624755811119464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-paylow",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 19.128964364433024,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y65",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 23.751938184778076,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.48624206917982,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-paylow",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.622973820345053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-paylow",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.189137655837126,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.889712822503903,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 14.074803804360423,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.918344181195569,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.48624206917982,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pension contributions",
    "value": 6.157139871945001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 2.101458689561498,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other contributions",
    "value": 4.006165802968168,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 2.101458689561498,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.101458689561498,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.101458689561498,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.101458689561498,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y80-paylow",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 3040,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y80-paylow-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y80-paylow-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y80-paylow-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y80-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y80-paylow",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 196.03137774616434,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y80",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.12317367608216881,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079943,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.332454043523459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_low+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.9945297404693605,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079943,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y80-paylow",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2024",
    "value": 4215047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2025-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2025-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2025-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2025-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2025-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2025-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2025-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2025-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2025-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2025-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2025-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2025-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2025-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2025-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2025-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2025-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2025-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2025-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2025-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2025-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-100",
        "nta-pop-2025-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y80-paylow-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y80-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y80-paylow",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 42.637524255326674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-paylow-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y80",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-paylow-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-paylow",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-paylow",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-paylow-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.18990722709627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.30141486547237745,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079943,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-paylow-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.63056845833417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-paylow",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.940349340495086,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y80",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.736086024211732,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.695920133154625,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-paylow",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7957366837166455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-paylow"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-paylow",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.172844803170769,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-paylow",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.2233059777460005,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.937436183175162,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.4411873074565178,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.695920133154625,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.6755229149358216,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079943,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.4395314800737789,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_low+earnings_low+earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079943,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079943,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_low-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079943,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_low of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the revenu salarial of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the revenu salarial of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y00-payhigh",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y00-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y00-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y00-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y00-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y00-payhigh",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 36.21648652071936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y00",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 9.170664282839045,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 6.338630868081346,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y00-payhigh",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2024",
    "value": 1968427,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2025-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2025-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-2",
        "nta-pop-2025-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y00-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y00-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y00-payhigh",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y00",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-payhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-payhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-payhigh",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y00",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-payhigh",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-payhigh",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y00",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y03-payhigh",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y03-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y03-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y03-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y03-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y03-payhigh",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 112.07357951181811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y03",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 12.148800766269016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 8.39707584665867,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y03-payhigh",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2024",
    "value": 6123515,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2025-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2025-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2025-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2025-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2025-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2025-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2025-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2025-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y03-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y03-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y03-payhigh",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y03",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-payhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-payhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-payhigh",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y03",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-payhigh",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-payhigh",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other contributions",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y03",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y11-payhigh",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y11-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y11-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y11-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y11-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y11-payhigh",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 128.58771268588424,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y11",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.4782247436547929,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.8951505094351497,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 10.659503204241993,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 7.3676948544782075,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.8951505094351497,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y11-payhigh",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2024",
    "value": 6019380,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2025-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2025-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2025-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2025-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2025-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2025-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2025-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y11-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 420,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y11-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y11-payhigh",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 30.16911744492886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-payhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-payhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.539951528519346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on production",
    "value": 1.1702504249212593,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.8951505094351497,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-payhigh",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.9697165287065671,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.9697165287065671,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.6322542937425959,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-payhigh",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-payhigh",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.15997360249538073,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.6322542937425959,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Pension contributions",
    "value": 2.622733875480138,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.8951505094351497,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other contributions",
    "value": 1.706491484806171,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.8951505094351497,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y11",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.8951505094351497,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.8951505094351497,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.8951505094351497,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y18-payhigh",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -20,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y18-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y18-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y18-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y18-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y18-payhigh",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 167.7124816868794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y18",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 7.93030194330836,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 14.844095623900474,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 20.109171803730028,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 13.899169481669633,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 14.844095623900474,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y18-payhigh",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2024",
    "value": 9511833,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2025-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2025-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2025-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2025-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2025-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2025-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2025-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2025-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2025-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2025-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2025-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-29",
        "nta-pop-2025-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y18-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1490,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y18-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y18-payhigh",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 169.65905278019451,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y18",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-payhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-payhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.10574745548068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on production",
    "value": 19.40602058351375,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 14.844095623900474,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.732969251408421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-payhigh",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.104568418838515,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y18",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 16.557190991020114,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 10.795273450017044,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-payhigh",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4526225721815983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-payhigh",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781166,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 10.335045698925844,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 9.769412093806833,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.731430693019612,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 10.795273450017044,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Pension contributions",
    "value": 43.492253015905504,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 14.844095623900474,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other contributions",
    "value": 28.298395090920586,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 14.844095623900474,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y18",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 14.844095623900474,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 14.844095623900474,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 14.844095623900474,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y30-payhigh",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -960,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y30-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y30-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y30-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1270,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y30-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y30-payhigh",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 128.54439136239606,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y30",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 11.466371471051877,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 21.46298032435965,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 23.098183410598207,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 15.96513118869689,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 21.46298032435965,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y30-payhigh",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2024",
    "value": 8407098,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2025-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2025-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2025-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2025-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2025-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2025-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2025-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2025-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2025-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-39",
        "nta-pop-2025-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y30-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2230,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y30-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y30-payhigh",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 224.98913846977868,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y30",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-payhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-payhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.19055766898403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on production",
    "value": 28.059037647766814,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 21.46298032435965,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.97655221830741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-payhigh",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 23.27202329666757,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y30",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 25.12025098292468,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 16.37838076765602,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-payhigh",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8482276862571103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-payhigh",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 16.69703958821883,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 15.783216178799297,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.144073991073115,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 16.37838076765602,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Pension contributions",
    "value": 62.88516285488396,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 21.46298032435965,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other contributions",
    "value": 40.91646351761985,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 21.46298032435965,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y30",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.46298032435965,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.46298032435965,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 21.46298032435965,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y40-payhigh",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y40-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y40-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y40-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1310,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y40-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y40-payhigh",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 134.1238619162895,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y40",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 13.92778161024902,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 26.070296380807044,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 24.615031922977195,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 17.01355500034603,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 26.070296380807044,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y40-payhigh",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2024",
    "value": 8552974,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2025-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2025-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2025-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2025-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2025-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2025-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2025-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2025-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2025-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-49",
        "nta-pop-2025-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y40-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2650,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y40-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y40-payhigh",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 272.0941091244732,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y40",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-payhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-payhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.12627100464232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on production",
    "value": 34.082285711610666,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 26.070296380807044,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.552582184542414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-payhigh",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 28.26349614301172,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y40",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 31.13911599461057,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 20.302675274805747,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-payhigh",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.8756198515988496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-payhigh",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.290380838401365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 21.97281629731817,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 20.770251387695993,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 5.137002842288098,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 20.302675274805747,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Pension contributions",
    "value": 76.38430491973419,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 26.070296380807044,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other contributions",
    "value": 49.699730169726735,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 26.07029638080705,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y40",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 26.070296380807044,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 26.070296380807044,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 26.070296380807044,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y50-payhigh",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -780,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y50-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y50-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y50-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1690,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y50-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y50-payhigh",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 269.192118962968,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y50",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 18.354248930091003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 34.355845233993996,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 33.1555949733088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 22.91666898554882,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 34.355845233993996,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y50-payhigh",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2024",
    "value": 13274375,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2025-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2025-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2025-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2025-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2025-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2025-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2025-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2025-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2025-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2025-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2025-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2025-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2025-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2025-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-64",
        "nta-pop-2025-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y50-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2470,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y50-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y50-payhigh",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 392.6696575923309,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y50",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-payhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-payhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 66.9327774842414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on production",
    "value": 44.91417036558498,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 34.355845233993996,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 23.29904198695183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-payhigh",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 41.00015828527169,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y50",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 47.057234423943626,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 30.681273996509496,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-payhigh",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.0570761386719365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-payhigh",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.31332448595304,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 36.54790938176056,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 34.5476544873563,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.763006086231027,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 30.681273996509496,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Pension contributions",
    "value": 100.66043438081375,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 34.355845233993996,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other contributions",
    "value": 65.49508348280375,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 34.355845233994,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y50",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 34.355845233993996,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 34.355845233993996,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 34.355845233993996,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y65-payhigh",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2220,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y65-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y65-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y65-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y65-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y65-payhigh",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 407.11178960688085,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y65",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 1.1438457341951542,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 2.1410730106828786,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 7.389540836328472,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 5.107544034051015,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 2.1410730106828786,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y65-payhigh",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2024",
    "value": 10703306,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2025-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2025-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2025-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2025-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2025-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2025-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2025-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2025-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2025-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2025-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2025-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2025-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2025-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2025-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-79",
        "nta-pop-2025-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y65-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 950,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y65-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y65-payhigh",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 122.21676875997564,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y65",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-payhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-payhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.7291063487017,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on production",
    "value": 2.7990729761413373,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 2.1410730106828786,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.624755811119464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-payhigh",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 19.17187855769997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y65",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 23.79485237804502,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.514222084114405,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-payhigh",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.622973820345053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-payhigh",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.189137655837126,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.988664721612023,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 14.168340099023592,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.9254237120603803,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.514222084114405,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Pension contributions",
    "value": 6.273207305146546,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 2.1410730106828786,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other contributions",
    "value": 4.0816855071491664,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 2.1410730106828786,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y65",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1410730106828786,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1410730106828786,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 2.1410730106828786,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y80-payhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 3040,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y80-payhigh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y80-payhigh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y80-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y80-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y80-payhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 196.03137774616434,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y80",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Subsidies on production",
    "value": 0.12317367608216881,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Apprenticeship hiring aid, sector aid and other subsidies to producers, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on production × 80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production",
        "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-subsidies_production-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Subsidies on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other cash benefits",
    "value": 4.332454043523459,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Sick pay and work-injury benefits, family benefits, minimum incomes, disability benefits, and the reimbursements of firms' group health insurance, which Insee counts among cash benefits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other cash benefits × 80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_cash",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-earnings_high+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other cash benefits by age profile",
    "value": 2.9945297404693605,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-family_benefits-ensemble-family_children-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-exclusion-ensemble-minimum-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-invalidity-ensemble-disability-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-complementary_health-ensemble-health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_cash-dna-cell-tc-replacement-ensemble-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres revenus de remplacement (IJ, ATMP) by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y80-payhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2024",
    "value": 4215047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2025-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2025-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2025-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2025-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2025-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2025-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2025-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2025-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2025-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2025-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2025-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2025-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2025-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2025-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2025-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2025-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2025-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2025-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2025-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2025-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-100",
        "nta-pop-2025-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y80-payhigh-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y80-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y80-payhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 42.662585414346594,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-payhigh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y80",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-payhigh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-payhigh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-payhigh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.18990722709627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on production",
    "value": 0.3014148654723775,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Payroll taxes, business property tax and other taxes firms pay for producing, attributed to households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on production × 80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_production",
        "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-taxes_production-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Taxes on production by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-payhigh-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.63056845833417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-payhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.940349340495088,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y80",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.736086024211733,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.695920133154627,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-payhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7957366837166455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-payhigh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-payhigh",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.172844803170769,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-payhigh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.248367136765924,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.961125753317992,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.4411873074565182,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.695920133154627,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Pension contributions",
    "value": 0.6755229149358217,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to pension schemes, imputed contributions and firms' collective schemes included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions × 80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_pensions-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Pension contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other contributions",
    "value": 0.4395314800737789,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer and employee contributions to health, disability, work-injury, unemployment and family insurance.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other contributions × 80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_others",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-earnings_high+earnings_high+earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other contributions by age profile",
    "value": 0.2305589168207995,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over Insee's rows of (the row's 2023 amount × its share by age) ÷ Σ of the rows' amounts",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y80",
        "dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble",
        "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_other-ensemble-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Autres cotisations sociales (maladie, invalidité, ATMP)1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_unemployment-ensemble-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales chômage1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-contrib_others-dna-cell-tc-contrib_family-ensemble-earnings_high-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Cotisations sociales famille1 by age profile",
    "value": 0.23055891682079946,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = earnings_high of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Earnings by age: employees × the full-time-equivalent salary of their age, and self-employment income by age of the household's reference person. Sources: Insee, Activité, emploi et chômage en 2023, PEMP01 and CSS08 (2023); Insee, Emploi, chômage, revenus du travail, édition 2026: Revenu salarial (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-salary-15",
        "nta-salary-25",
        "nta-salary-40",
        "nta-salary-50",
        "nta-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-15",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-25",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-40",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-50",
        "nta-eqtp-salary-55",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-15",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-25",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-40",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-50",
        "nta-eqtp-volume-55",
        "nta-employed-15-19",
        "nta-employed-20-24",
        "nta-employed-25-29",
        "nta-employed-30-34",
        "nta-employed-35-39",
        "nta-employed-40-44",
        "nta-employed-45-49",
        "nta-employed-50-54",
        "nta-employed-55-59",
        "nta-employed-60-64",
        "nta-employees-15-24",
        "nta-employees-25-49",
        "nta-employees-50-64",
        "nta-employees-65-74",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An alternative: employees by age (Enquête emploi, PEMP01 scaled to CSS08's employees by broad band; 65 to 74 is CSS08's employees of 65 and over) are paid the full-time-equivalent salary of their age. Insee's revenu salarial counts part-year work, which the yearly average count also counts, and the full-time-equivalent salary ignores part-time work: none of these is identified, and the central case uses the pay mass of the base Tous salariés instead. Self-employment income is a separate part, 7.4% of salaries as in ERFS 2023, by age of the household's reference person (T03 × TRD04 × households), so the self-employed of 65 and over are counted there."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y00-taxhh",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y00-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y00-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y00-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y00-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y00-taxhh",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 36.21648652071936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y00-taxhh",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2024",
    "value": 1968427,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2025-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2025-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-2",
        "nta-pop-2025-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y00-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y00-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y00-taxhh",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-taxhh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-taxhh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-taxhh",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y00",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-taxhh",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-taxhh",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y03-taxhh",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y03-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y03-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y03-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y03-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y03-taxhh",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 112.07357951181811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y03-taxhh",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2024",
    "value": 6123515,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2025-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2025-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2025-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2025-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2025-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2025-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2025-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2025-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y03-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y03-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y03-taxhh",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-taxhh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-taxhh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-taxhh",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y03",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-taxhh",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-taxhh",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y11-taxhh",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y11-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y11-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y11-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1770,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y11-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y11-taxhh",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 127.92366734425754,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y11-taxhh",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2024",
    "value": 6019380,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2025-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2025-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2025-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2025-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2025-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2025-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2025-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y11-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y11-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y11-taxhh",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.744007060325156,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-taxhh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-taxhh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.539951528519346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-taxhh",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.17612963160002792,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-taxhh",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-taxhh",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y18-taxhh",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -20,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y18-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y18-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y18-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y18-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y18-taxhh",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 168.40629900111625,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y18-taxhh",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2024",
    "value": 9511833,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2025-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2025-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2025-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2025-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2025-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2025-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2025-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2025-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2025-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2025-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2025-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-29",
        "nta-pop-2025-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y18-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y18-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y18-taxhh",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 171.1754220554431,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-taxhh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-taxhh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.10574745548068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.732969251408421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-taxhh",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.933735186600543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y18",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-taxhh",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4526225721815983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-taxhh",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781166,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 6.183073852672671,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 5.844676282319612,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y30-taxhh",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1050,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y30-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y30-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y30-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y30-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y30-taxhh",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 130.12081401354882,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y30-taxhh",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2024",
    "value": 8407098,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2025-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2025-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2025-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2025-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2025-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2025-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2025-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2025-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2025-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-39",
        "nta-pop-2025-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y30-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y30-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y30-taxhh",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 236.20819879108547,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-taxhh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-taxhh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.19055766898403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.97655221830741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-taxhh",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 25.15597350583887,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y30",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-taxhh",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8482276862571103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-taxhh",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 15.037059339278812,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 14.214086095401548,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y40-taxhh",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y40-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y40-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y40-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y40-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y40-taxhh",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 133.87250629606598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y40-taxhh",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2024",
    "value": 8552974,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2025-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2025-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2025-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2025-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2025-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2025-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2025-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2025-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2025-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-49",
        "nta-pop-2025-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y40-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2620,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y40-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y40-taxhh",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 268.82908743245844,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-taxhh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-taxhh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.12627100464232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.552582184542414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-taxhh",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.963106223499867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y40",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-taxhh",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.8756198515988496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-taxhh",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.290380838401365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 20.761317008100146,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 19.625057050630303,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y50-taxhh",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -740,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y50-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y50-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y50-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y50-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y50-taxhh",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 268.1095398420233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y50-taxhh",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2024",
    "value": 13274375,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2025-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2025-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2025-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2025-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2025-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2025-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2025-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2025-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2025-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2025-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2025-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2025-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2025-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2025-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-64",
        "nta-pop-2025-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y50-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2420,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y50-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y50-taxhh",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 385.3513448004352,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-taxhh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-taxhh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 66.9327774842414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 23.29904198695183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-taxhh",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.70639029744387,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y50",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-taxhh",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.0570761386719365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-taxhh",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.31332448595304,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 38.07403967684611,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 35.990260180244846,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y65-taxhh",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y65-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y65-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y65-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y65-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y65-taxhh",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 406.82543241925873,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y65-taxhh",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2024",
    "value": 10703306,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2025-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2025-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2025-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2025-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2025-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2025-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2025-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2025-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2025-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2025-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2025-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2025-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2025-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2025-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-79",
        "nta-pop-2025-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y65-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 960,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y65-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y65-taxhh",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 123.78303699077767,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-taxhh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-taxhh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.7291063487017,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.624755811119464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-taxhh",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.829658986619982,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y65",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-taxhh",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.622973820345053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-taxhh",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.189137655837126,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 18.894410778534922,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 17.86032597653226,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y80-taxhh",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 3000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y80-taxhh-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y80-taxhh-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y80-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y80-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y80-taxhh",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 196.04547505119172,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y80-taxhh",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2024",
    "value": 4215047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2025-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2025-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2025-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2025-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2025-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2025-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2025-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2025-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2025-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2025-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2025-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2025-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2025-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2025-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2025-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2025-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2025-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2025-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2025-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2025-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-100",
        "nta-pop-2025-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y80-taxhh-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y80-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y80-taxhh",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 44.36933245550343,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-taxhh-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-taxhh-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-taxhh",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-taxhh",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.18990722709627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-taxhh-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.63056845833417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-taxhh",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.957196739088133,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y80",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-taxhh",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7957366837166455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-taxhh"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-taxhh",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.172844803170769,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-taxhh",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_households-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 6.839942169168729,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_households-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 6.465594414871467,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_households of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Direct taxes of households by age of the reference person (ERFS T03 × TRD04), an allocation scenario. Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y00-taxcsg",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y00-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y00-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y00-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y00-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y00-taxcsg",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 36.21648652071936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y00-taxcsg",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2024",
    "value": 1968427,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2025-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2025-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-2",
        "nta-pop-2025-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y00-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y00-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y00-taxcsg",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-taxcsg",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-taxcsg",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-taxcsg",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y00",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-taxcsg",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y00-taxcsg",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y03-taxcsg",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y03-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y03-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y03-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y03-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y03-taxcsg",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 112.07357951181811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y03-taxcsg",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2024",
    "value": 6123515,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2025-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2025-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2025-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2025-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2025-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2025-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2025-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2025-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y03-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y03-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y03-taxcsg",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-taxcsg",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-taxcsg",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-taxcsg",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y03",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-taxcsg",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y03-taxcsg",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y11-taxcsg",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y11-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y11-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y11-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1770,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y11-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y11-taxcsg",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 127.92366734425754,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y11-taxcsg",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2024",
    "value": 6019380,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2025-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2025-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2025-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2025-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2025-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2025-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2025-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y11-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y11-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y11-taxcsg",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.865492264470184,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-taxcsg",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-taxcsg",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.539951528519346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-taxcsg",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.17612963160002792,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-taxcsg",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y11-taxcsg",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0.12148520414502942,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0.11483635942861815,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y18-taxcsg",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -70,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y18-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y18-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y18-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y18-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y18-taxcsg",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 168.40629900111625,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y18-taxcsg",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2024",
    "value": 9511833,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2025-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2025-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2025-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2025-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2025-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2025-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2025-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2025-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2025-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2025-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2025-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-29",
        "nta-pop-2025-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y18-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1550,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y18-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y18-taxcsg",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 176.98456781100032,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-taxcsg",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-taxcsg",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.10574745548068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.732969251408421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-taxcsg",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.933735186600543,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y18",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-taxcsg",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4526225721815983,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y18-taxcsg",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.5641059866781166,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 11.992219608229908,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 11.335889427601197,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y30-taxcsg",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1090,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y30-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y30-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y30-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y30-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y30-taxcsg",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 130.12081401354882,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y30-taxcsg",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2024",
    "value": 8407098,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2025-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2025-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2025-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2025-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2025-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2025-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2025-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2025-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2025-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-39",
        "nta-pop-2025-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y30-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y30-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y30-taxcsg",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 239.79725514167052,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-taxcsg",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-taxcsg",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.19055766898403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.97655221830741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-taxcsg",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 25.15597350583887,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y30",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-taxcsg",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8482276862571103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y30-taxcsg",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959581,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 18.62611568986389,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 17.606714588607367,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y40-taxcsg",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y40-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y40-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y40-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y40-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y40-taxcsg",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 133.87250629606598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y40-taxcsg",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2024",
    "value": 8552974,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2025-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2025-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2025-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2025-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2025-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2025-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2025-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2025-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2025-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-49",
        "nta-pop-2025-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y40-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2620,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y40-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y40-taxcsg",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 269.3387450966599,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-taxcsg",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-taxcsg",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.12627100464232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.552582184542414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-taxcsg",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.963106223499867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y40",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-taxcsg",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.8756198515988496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y40-taxcsg",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.290380838401365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 21.270974672301623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 20.106821320803657,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y50-taxcsg",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y50-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y50-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y50-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y50-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y50-taxcsg",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 268.1095398420233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y50-taxcsg",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2024",
    "value": 13274375,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2025-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2025-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2025-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2025-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2025-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2025-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2025-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2025-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2025-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2025-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2025-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2025-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2025-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2025-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-64",
        "nta-pop-2025-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y50-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2380,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y50-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y50-taxcsg",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 378.84260172854067,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-taxcsg",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-taxcsg",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 66.9327774842414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 23.29904198695183,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-taxcsg",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.70639029744387,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y50",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-taxcsg",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.0570761386719365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y50-taxcsg",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.31332448595304,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 31.56529660495156,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 29.83773844648446,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y65-taxcsg",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2230,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y65-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y65-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y65-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y65-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y65-taxcsg",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 406.82543241925873,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y65-taxcsg",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2024",
    "value": 10703306,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2025-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2025-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2025-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2025-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2025-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2025-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2025-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2025-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2025-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2025-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2025-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2025-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2025-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2025-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-79",
        "nta-pop-2025-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y65-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 940,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y65-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y65-taxcsg",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 121.06505182790906,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-taxcsg",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-taxcsg",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.7291063487017,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.624755811119464,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-taxcsg",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.829658986619982,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y65",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-taxcsg",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.622973820345053,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y65-taxcsg",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.189137655837126,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 16.176425615666304,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 15.291095235377824,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y80-taxcsg",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 3020,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y80-taxcsg-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y80-taxcsg-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y80-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y80-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y80-taxcsg",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 196.04547505119172,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y80-taxcsg",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2024",
    "value": 4215047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2025-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2025-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2025-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2025-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2025-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2025-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2025-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2025-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2025-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2025-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2025-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2025-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2025-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2025-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2025-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2025-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2025-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2025-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2025-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2025-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-100",
        "nta-pop-2025-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y80-taxcsg-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 860,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y80-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y80-taxcsg",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 43.56671571577778,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-taxcsg-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-taxcsg-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-taxcsg",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-taxcsg",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.18990722709627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-taxcsg-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.63056845833417,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-taxcsg",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.957196739088133,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg-y80",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-taxcsg",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7957366837166455,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-taxcsg"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth-y80-taxcsg",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.172844803170769,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-taxcsg",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is flat within each band."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 6.037325429443078,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_csg-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 5.706904621696916,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_csg of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: The CSG yields by age alone (allocation scenario). Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y00-wealth",
    "label": "0–2, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1360,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, received a month per person − 0–2, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y00-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y00-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y00-wealth-pp",
    "label": "0–2, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y00-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y00-wealth",
    "label": "0–2, transfers received",
    "value": 36.21648652071936,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production + 0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits + 0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure + 0–2, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y00-wealth",
    "label": "0–2, people, 2024",
    "value": 1968427,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-0",
        "nta-pop-2025-0",
        "nta-pop-2024-1",
        "nta-pop-2025-1",
        "nta-pop-2024-2",
        "nta-pop-2025-2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y00-wealth-pp",
    "label": "0–2, paid a month per person",
    "value": 170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 0–2, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y00-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y00-wealth",
    "label": "0–2, levies paid",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax + 0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, CSG on capital income + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth + 0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-wealth",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-wealth",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-wealth-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Taxes on products",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-wealth-resident",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y00",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 0–2, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00-wealth",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG − 0–2, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y00",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 0–2, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y00-wealth",
    "label": "0–2, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y00-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y00-wealth",
    "label": "0–2, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 0–2, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y00",
    "label": "0–2, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 0 to 2 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y00",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y03-wealth",
    "label": "3–10, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1320,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, received a month per person − 3–10, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y03-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y03-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y03-wealth-pp",
    "label": "3–10, received a month per person",
    "value": 1530,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y03-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y03-wealth",
    "label": "3–10, transfers received",
    "value": 112.07357951181811,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production + 3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits + 3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure + 3–10, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y03-wealth",
    "label": "3–10, people, 2024",
    "value": 6123515,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-3",
        "nta-pop-2025-3",
        "nta-pop-2024-4",
        "nta-pop-2025-4",
        "nta-pop-2024-5",
        "nta-pop-2025-5",
        "nta-pop-2024-6",
        "nta-pop-2025-6",
        "nta-pop-2024-7",
        "nta-pop-2025-7",
        "nta-pop-2024-8",
        "nta-pop-2025-8",
        "nta-pop-2024-9",
        "nta-pop-2025-9",
        "nta-pop-2024-10",
        "nta-pop-2025-10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y03-wealth-pp",
    "label": "3–10, paid a month per person",
    "value": 210,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 3–10, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y03-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y03-wealth",
    "label": "3–10, levies paid",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax + 3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, CSG on capital income + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth + 3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-wealth",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-wealth",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-wealth-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Taxes on products",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-wealth-resident",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y03",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 3–10, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03-wealth",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG − 3–10, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y03",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, CSG",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 3–10, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y03-wealth",
    "label": "3–10, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y03-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y03-wealth",
    "label": "3–10, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 3–10, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y03",
    "label": "3–10, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 3 to 10 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y03",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y11-wealth",
    "label": "11–17, net received a month per person",
    "value": 1430,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, received a month per person − 11–17, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y11-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y11-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y11-wealth-pp",
    "label": "11–17, received a month per person",
    "value": 1770,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y11-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y11-wealth",
    "label": "11–17, transfers received",
    "value": 127.92366734425754,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production + 11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits + 11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure + 11–17, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y11-wealth",
    "label": "11–17, people, 2024",
    "value": 6019380,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-11",
        "nta-pop-2025-11",
        "nta-pop-2024-12",
        "nta-pop-2025-12",
        "nta-pop-2024-13",
        "nta-pop-2025-13",
        "nta-pop-2024-14",
        "nta-pop-2025-14",
        "nta-pop-2024-15",
        "nta-pop-2025-15",
        "nta-pop-2024-16",
        "nta-pop-2025-16",
        "nta-pop-2024-17",
        "nta-pop-2025-17"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y11-wealth-pp",
    "label": "11–17, paid a month per person",
    "value": 340,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 11–17, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y11-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y11-wealth",
    "label": "11–17, levies paid",
    "value": 24.744007060325156,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax + 11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, CSG on capital income + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth + 11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-wealth",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-wealth",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-wealth-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Taxes on products",
    "value": 23.539951528519346,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-wealth-resident",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y11",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Corporate tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 11–17, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11-wealth",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 0.17612963160002784,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG − 11–17, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y11",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, CSG",
    "value": 0.17612963160002784,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 11–17, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 0.1148363594286181,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y11-wealth",
    "label": "11–17, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y11-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y11-wealth",
    "label": "11–17, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Income tax",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 11–17, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 0.029056008471695018,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y11",
    "label": "11–17, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 0.1148363594286181,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 11 to 17 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y11",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y18-wealth",
    "label": "18–29, net received a month per person",
    "value": -60,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, received a month per person − 18–29, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y18-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y18-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y18-wealth-pp",
    "label": "18–29, received a month per person",
    "value": 1480,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y18-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y18-wealth",
    "label": "18–29, transfers received",
    "value": 168.40629900111625,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production + 18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits + 18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure + 18–29, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y18-wealth",
    "label": "18–29, people, 2024",
    "value": 9511833,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-18",
        "nta-pop-2025-18",
        "nta-pop-2024-19",
        "nta-pop-2025-19",
        "nta-pop-2024-20",
        "nta-pop-2025-20",
        "nta-pop-2024-21",
        "nta-pop-2025-21",
        "nta-pop-2024-22",
        "nta-pop-2025-22",
        "nta-pop-2024-23",
        "nta-pop-2025-23",
        "nta-pop-2024-24",
        "nta-pop-2025-24",
        "nta-pop-2024-25",
        "nta-pop-2025-25",
        "nta-pop-2024-26",
        "nta-pop-2025-26",
        "nta-pop-2024-27",
        "nta-pop-2025-27",
        "nta-pop-2024-28",
        "nta-pop-2025-28",
        "nta-pop-2024-29",
        "nta-pop-2025-29"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y18-wealth-pp",
    "label": "18–29, paid a month per person",
    "value": 1540,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 18–29, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y18-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y18-wealth",
    "label": "18–29, levies paid",
    "value": 175.80982303191286,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax + 18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, CSG on capital income + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth + 18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-wealth",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-wealth",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-wealth-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Taxes on products",
    "value": 47.10574745548068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-wealth-resident",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 1.732969251408421,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y18",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Corporate tax",
    "value": 2.1714525772596267,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 18–29, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 2.673655714044541,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18-wealth",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 16.933735186600536,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG − 18–29, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y18",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, CSG",
    "value": 17.386357758782136,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 18–29, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 11.335889427601192,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y18-wealth",
    "label": "18–29, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 0.4526225721815984,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y18-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y18-wealth",
    "label": "18–29, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 2.564105986678117,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Income tax",
    "value": 10.817474829142439,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 18–29, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 10.225438038581567,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 2.8682178787400265,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y18",
    "label": "18–29, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 11.335889427601192,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 18 to 29 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y18",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y30-wealth",
    "label": "30–39, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1080,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, received a month per person − 30–39, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y30-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y30-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y30-wealth-pp",
    "label": "30–39, received a month per person",
    "value": 1290,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y30-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y30-wealth",
    "label": "30–39, transfers received",
    "value": 130.12081401354882,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production + 30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits + 30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure + 30–39, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y30-wealth",
    "label": "30–39, people, 2024",
    "value": 8407098,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-30",
        "nta-pop-2025-30",
        "nta-pop-2024-31",
        "nta-pop-2025-31",
        "nta-pop-2024-32",
        "nta-pop-2025-32",
        "nta-pop-2024-33",
        "nta-pop-2025-33",
        "nta-pop-2024-34",
        "nta-pop-2025-34",
        "nta-pop-2024-35",
        "nta-pop-2025-35",
        "nta-pop-2024-36",
        "nta-pop-2025-36",
        "nta-pop-2024-37",
        "nta-pop-2025-37",
        "nta-pop-2024-38",
        "nta-pop-2025-38",
        "nta-pop-2024-39",
        "nta-pop-2025-39"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y30-wealth-pp",
    "label": "30–39, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2370,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 30–39, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y30-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y30-wealth",
    "label": "30–39, levies paid",
    "value": 239.06229437183947,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax + 30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, CSG on capital income + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth + 30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-wealth",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-wealth",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-wealth-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Taxes on products",
    "value": 42.19055766898403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-wealth-resident",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 4.97655221830741,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y30",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.235740842792329,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 30–39, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 7.677913075436803,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30-wealth",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 25.15597350583886,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG − 30–39, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y30",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, CSG",
    "value": 27.004201192095966,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 30–39, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 17.606714588607357,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y30-wealth",
    "label": "30–39, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.8482276862571094,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y30-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y30-wealth",
    "label": "30–39, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.470206229959576,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Income tax",
    "value": 17.89115492003284,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 30–39, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 16.91197797665341,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 4.454868221099335,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y30",
    "label": "30–39, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 17.606714588607357,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 30 to 39 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y30",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y40-wealth",
    "label": "40–49, net received a month per person",
    "value": -1330,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, received a month per person − 40–49, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y40-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y40-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y40-wealth-pp",
    "label": "40–49, received a month per person",
    "value": 1300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y40-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y40-wealth",
    "label": "40–49, transfers received",
    "value": 133.87250629606598,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production + 40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits + 40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure + 40–49, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y40-wealth",
    "label": "40–49, people, 2024",
    "value": 8552974,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-40",
        "nta-pop-2025-40",
        "nta-pop-2024-41",
        "nta-pop-2025-41",
        "nta-pop-2024-42",
        "nta-pop-2025-42",
        "nta-pop-2024-43",
        "nta-pop-2025-43",
        "nta-pop-2024-44",
        "nta-pop-2025-44",
        "nta-pop-2024-45",
        "nta-pop-2025-45",
        "nta-pop-2024-46",
        "nta-pop-2025-46",
        "nta-pop-2024-47",
        "nta-pop-2025-47",
        "nta-pop-2024-48",
        "nta-pop-2025-48",
        "nta-pop-2024-49",
        "nta-pop-2025-49"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y40-wealth-pp",
    "label": "40–49, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2630,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 40–49, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y40-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y40-wealth",
    "label": "40–49, levies paid",
    "value": 269.7581630598252,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax + 40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, CSG on capital income + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth + 40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-wealth",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-wealth",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-wealth-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Taxes on products",
    "value": 43.12627100464232,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-wealth-resident",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 10.552582184542413,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y40",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Corporate tax",
    "value": 13.222641869003503,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 40–49, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 16.28071105860439,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40-wealth",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 27.963106223499857,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG − 40–49, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y40",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, CSG",
    "value": 30.838726075098705,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 40–49, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 20.10682132080365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y40-wealth",
    "label": "40–49, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 2.8756198515988496,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y40-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y40-wealth",
    "label": "40–49, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 16.290380838401365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Income tax",
    "value": 21.690392635466896,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 40–49, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 20.503284678690168,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 5.087447682450092,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y40",
    "label": "40–49, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 20.10682132080365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 40 to 49 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y40",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y50-wealth",
    "label": "50–64, net received a month per person",
    "value": -720,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, received a month per person − 50–64, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y50-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y50-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y50-wealth-pp",
    "label": "50–64, received a month per person",
    "value": 1680,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y50-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y50-wealth",
    "label": "50–64, transfers received",
    "value": 268.1095398420233,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production + 50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits + 50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure + 50–64, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y50-wealth",
    "label": "50–64, people, 2024",
    "value": 13274375,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-50",
        "nta-pop-2025-50",
        "nta-pop-2024-51",
        "nta-pop-2025-51",
        "nta-pop-2024-52",
        "nta-pop-2025-52",
        "nta-pop-2024-53",
        "nta-pop-2025-53",
        "nta-pop-2024-54",
        "nta-pop-2025-54",
        "nta-pop-2024-55",
        "nta-pop-2025-55",
        "nta-pop-2024-56",
        "nta-pop-2025-56",
        "nta-pop-2024-57",
        "nta-pop-2025-57",
        "nta-pop-2024-58",
        "nta-pop-2025-58",
        "nta-pop-2024-59",
        "nta-pop-2025-59",
        "nta-pop-2024-60",
        "nta-pop-2025-60",
        "nta-pop-2024-61",
        "nta-pop-2025-61",
        "nta-pop-2024-62",
        "nta-pop-2025-62",
        "nta-pop-2024-63",
        "nta-pop-2025-63",
        "nta-pop-2024-64",
        "nta-pop-2025-64"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y50-wealth-pp",
    "label": "50–64, paid a month per person",
    "value": 2400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 50–64, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y50-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y50-wealth",
    "label": "50–64, levies paid",
    "value": 382.77042039322595,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax + 50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, CSG on capital income + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth + 50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-wealth",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-wealth",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-wealth-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Taxes on products",
    "value": 66.9327774842414,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-wealth-resident",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 23.33529148318979,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y50",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Corporate tax",
    "value": 29.23968719646658,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 50–64, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 36.002101804298704,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50-wealth",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 39.70639029744384,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG − 50–64, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y50",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, CSG",
    "value": 45.778354288134686,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 50–64, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 29.84744531244466,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y50-wealth",
    "label": "50–64, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 6.071963990690844,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y50-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y50-wealth",
    "label": "50–64, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 34.39766413853922,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Income tax",
    "value": 35.43952188061925,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 50–64, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 33.499928664586136,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 7.552029933480468,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y50",
    "label": "50–64, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 29.84744531244466,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 50 to 64 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y50",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y65-wealth",
    "label": "65–79, net received a month per person",
    "value": 2240,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, received a month per person − 65–79, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y65-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y65-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y65-wealth-pp",
    "label": "65–79, received a month per person",
    "value": 3170,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y65-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y65-wealth",
    "label": "65–79, transfers received",
    "value": 406.82543241925873,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production + 65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits + 65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure + 65–79, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y65-wealth",
    "label": "65–79, people, 2024",
    "value": 10703306,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-65",
        "nta-pop-2025-65",
        "nta-pop-2024-66",
        "nta-pop-2025-66",
        "nta-pop-2024-67",
        "nta-pop-2025-67",
        "nta-pop-2024-68",
        "nta-pop-2025-68",
        "nta-pop-2024-69",
        "nta-pop-2025-69",
        "nta-pop-2024-70",
        "nta-pop-2025-70",
        "nta-pop-2024-71",
        "nta-pop-2025-71",
        "nta-pop-2024-72",
        "nta-pop-2025-72",
        "nta-pop-2024-73",
        "nta-pop-2025-73",
        "nta-pop-2024-74",
        "nta-pop-2025-74",
        "nta-pop-2024-75",
        "nta-pop-2025-75",
        "nta-pop-2024-76",
        "nta-pop-2025-76",
        "nta-pop-2024-77",
        "nta-pop-2025-77",
        "nta-pop-2024-78",
        "nta-pop-2025-78",
        "nta-pop-2024-79",
        "nta-pop-2025-79"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y65-wealth-pp",
    "label": "65–79, paid a month per person",
    "value": 930,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 65–79, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y65-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y65-wealth",
    "label": "65–79, levies paid",
    "value": 119.8067088857692,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax + 65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, CSG on capital income + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth + 65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-wealth",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-wealth",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-wealth-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Taxes on products",
    "value": 48.7291063487017,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-wealth-resident",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 17.817079118576277,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y65",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Corporate tax",
    "value": 22.32523302985775,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 65–79, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 27.488505842933886,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65-wealth",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 18.829658986619968,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG − 65–79, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y65",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, CSG",
    "value": 23.45660603199365,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 65–79, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 15.293685774478668,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y65-wealth",
    "label": "65–79, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 4.626947045373682,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y65-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y65-wealth",
    "label": "65–79, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 26.211645967857944,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Income tax",
    "value": 14.721130680292916,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 65–79, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 13.915448106582806,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 3.8696233983533315,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y65",
    "label": "65–79, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 15.293685774478668,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 65 to 79 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y65",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-net-y80-wealth",
    "label": "80 and over, net received a month per person",
    "value": 3040,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "What the group receives less what it pays, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, received a month per person − 80 and over, paid a month per person",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-r-y80-wealth-pp",
        "dna-2024-p-y80-wealth-pp"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-r-y80-wealth-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, received a month per person",
    "value": 3880,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, transfers received × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-got-y80-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-got-y80-wealth",
    "label": "80 and over, transfers received",
    "value": 196.04547505119172,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every transfer attributed to the group, subsidies included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production + 80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits + 80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure + 80 and over, Collective services",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80",
        "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-collective_and_other-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-people-2024-y80-wealth",
    "label": "80 and over, people, 2024",
    "value": 4215047,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Residents of these ages, the mean of 1 January of the year and of the next (Eurostat demo_pjan).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of (population on 1 January 2024 + on 1 January 2025) ÷ 2",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-pop-2024-80",
        "nta-pop-2025-80",
        "nta-pop-2024-81",
        "nta-pop-2025-81",
        "nta-pop-2024-82",
        "nta-pop-2025-82",
        "nta-pop-2024-83",
        "nta-pop-2025-83",
        "nta-pop-2024-84",
        "nta-pop-2025-84",
        "nta-pop-2024-85",
        "nta-pop-2025-85",
        "nta-pop-2024-86",
        "nta-pop-2025-86",
        "nta-pop-2024-87",
        "nta-pop-2025-87",
        "nta-pop-2024-88",
        "nta-pop-2025-88",
        "nta-pop-2024-89",
        "nta-pop-2025-89",
        "nta-pop-2024-90",
        "nta-pop-2025-90",
        "nta-pop-2024-91",
        "nta-pop-2025-91",
        "nta-pop-2024-92",
        "nta-pop-2025-92",
        "nta-pop-2024-93",
        "nta-pop-2025-93",
        "nta-pop-2024-94",
        "nta-pop-2025-94",
        "nta-pop-2024-95",
        "nta-pop-2025-95",
        "nta-pop-2024-96",
        "nta-pop-2025-96",
        "nta-pop-2024-97",
        "nta-pop-2025-97",
        "nta-pop-2024-98",
        "nta-pop-2025-98",
        "nta-pop-2024-99",
        "nta-pop-2025-99",
        "nta-pop-2024-100",
        "nta-pop-2025-100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-p-y80-wealth-pp",
    "label": "80 and over, paid a month per person",
    "value": 840,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's amount over its people, a month per person.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, levies paid × 10⁹ ÷ 80 and over, people, 2024 ÷ 12",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-paid-y80-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-paid-y80-wealth",
    "label": "80 and over, levies paid",
    "value": 42.50901278313059,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Every levy attributed to the group, gross of subsidies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax + 80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, CSG on capital income + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth + 80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-wealth-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-wealth-resident",
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-wealth",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-wealth",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-wealth-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Taxes on products",
    "value": 19.18990722709627,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "VAT, energy and other excise duties and property transfer duties, collected by firms on what they sell; Insee attributes them to the households who consume.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products × (1 − Share of consumption by visitors ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-taxes_products-consumption-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-tourism"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-wealth-resident",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 6.401995654639403,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Corporate tax × (1 − Share of French companies' equity held outside France ÷ 100)",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y80",
        "dna-2024-ratio-ownership"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee attributes the whole amount to residents; the part falling outside France is taken out of every group in proportion."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Corporate tax",
    "value": 8.021856101932283,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, attributed to the households who own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax × 80 and over, share of Corporate tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-corporate_tax-business_wealth_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Corporate tax by age profile",
    "value": 9.877112504681678,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = business_wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Financial and professional wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-business_wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80-wealth",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits",
    "value": 6.957196739088126,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The CSG on earnings, pensions and other replacement income, and on gaming: the CSG less its part on capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG − 80 and over, CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y80",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-csg-csg_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG",
    "value": 8.734072345757234,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalised social contribution, levied on earnings, benefits and capital income.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG × 80 and over, share of CSG by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg",
        "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg-csg_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG by age profile",
    "value": 5.694607216635846,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-csg_capital-y80-wealth",
    "label": "80 and over, CSG on capital income",
    "value": 1.7768756066691076,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The part of the CSG levied on capital income: interest, dividends, life insurance, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on capital income × 80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg_capital",
        "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y80-wealth"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An allocation scenario: Insee attributes the whole CSG to each group but does not split it by base, and no source found gives the bases of the CSG on capital income by group. The CSG on investment income (interest, dividends, life insurance) is shared as Insee's net financial income. The CSG on property income is levied on rents landlords receive, capital gains and annuities; Insee's only row near it adds owner-occupiers' imputed rents, which pay no CSG, and holds no capital gains, so sharing it as that row is a convention. The alternatives share all of it as net financial income, or as the group's whole capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-csg_capital-wealth_smooth-y80-wealth",
    "label": "80 and over, share of CSG on capital income by age profile",
    "value": 10.065996838563768,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = wealth_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: Gross wealth by age of the reference person, interpolated between the bands' midpoints. Sources: Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80-wealth",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Insee publishes wealth by age of the household's reference person; it is put on the residents of that age band, spouses taken as the same age, children holding none. Any allocation that keeps a household's wealth within its reference person's band gives the same total to each band; ownership across bands, by a spouse or an adult child of another age, is untested, for want of households' composition by age. Which ages inside a band hold it is the assumption varied: here the amount per person is interpolated linearly between the bands' midpoints, each band keeping its total."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Income tax",
    "value": 5.2301678790470625,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal income tax, net of refundable credits.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Income tax × 80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-income_tax-income_tax_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Income tax by age profile",
    "value": 4.94392253490596,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = income_tax_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by age × Insee's ratio of direct taxes to income by age (allocation scenario). Sources: Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-18",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-30",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-40",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-50",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-65",
        "nta-erfs-direct_taxes-75",
        "nta-erfs-activity-18",
        "nta-erfs-activity-30",
        "nta-erfs-activity-40",
        "nta-erfs-activity-50",
        "nta-erfs-activity-65",
        "nta-erfs-activity-75",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-18",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-30",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-40",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-50",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-65",
        "nta-erfs-pensions-75",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-18",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-30",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-40",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-50",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-65",
        "nta-erfs-property_income-75",
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "No source publishes income tax by age of the declarant: DGFiP's statistics are by decile, rate band, commune or kind of income, and DGFiP Analyses n° 10 counts tax households by age without amounts; ERFS T03 gives direct taxes (income tax, CSG, CRDS and residence tax together) by age of the household's reference person. Each profile is therefore an allocation scenario, and the view shows the range of three: the CSG yields by age times T03's direct taxes over earnings, pensions and property income by age (central); T03's direct taxes times TRD04's mean disposable income, per household of each age; and the CSG yields alone, income tax in proportion to them. All three rest on direct taxes or the CSG; no independent source of income tax by age was found, so the range is narrower than the uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
    "value": 1.4408551120291975,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Residence tax, the wealth tax on property (IFI), CRDS and other taxes on income and wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Other taxes on income and wealth × 80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes",
        "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "A synthetic allocation by the National Transfer Accounts method; it is not a measurement. The item's national total for the year is split between ages in proportion to an age profile times the population of each age, so the ages add up to the total exactly. Profiles come from other years and other perimeters, only their shape is used, and several rest on conventions; the view's ranges vary them one at a time."
  },
  {
    "id": "nta-2024-share-other_income_taxes-csg_smooth-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, share of Other taxes on income and wealth by age profile",
    "value": 5.694607216635846,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's part of the item: the age profile times the population at each of its ages, over the same for all ages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Σ over ages 80 to 100 of profile × population ÷ Σ over all ages × 100, allocation year 2024: the rows year = 2024, profile = csg_smooth of data/income/nta_allocation.csv summed over these ages. Profile: CSG yields by base (CCSS), each spread by age: earnings, replacement income and capital. Sources: Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale, Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, juin 2025 (2023 and 2024); DREES, Les effectifs de retraités, montants des pensions et âges de départ à la retraite, fin 2022 (2022); Insee, Description des emplois salariés en 2023, fichier détail (2023); Insee, Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024 (start of 2024); Insee, Revenu, niveau de vie et pauvreté en 2023 (2023); Insee, Revenus et niveau de vie, séries longues (ERFS 2023): TRD04 (2023).",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-csg-activity-2024",
        "nta-csg-replacement-2024",
        "nta-csg-capital-2024",
        "nta-bts-mass-14",
        "nta-bts-mass-30",
        "nta-bts-mass-40",
        "nta-bts-mass-50",
        "nta-bts-mass-60",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-18",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-30",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-40",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-50",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-65",
        "nta-erfs-self_employed_pct-household-75",
        "nta-households-18",
        "nta-households-30",
        "nta-households-40",
        "nta-households-50",
        "nta-households-60",
        "nta-households-70",
        "nta-pensions-direct-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivors-2022",
        "nta-pensions-survivor-amount-2022",
        "nta-wealth-weight-18",
        "nta-wealth-weight-30",
        "nta-wealth-weight-40",
        "nta-wealth-weight-50",
        "nta-wealth-weight-60",
        "nta-wealth-weight-70",
        "nta-people-2024-y80",
        "nta-people-2024-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The CSG's three bases (CCSS) each spread by its own profile: earnings, pensions for all replacement income, gross wealth for capital income."
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-y00",
    "label": "0–2, levies through companies",
    "value": 3.9701241330798025,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Taxes on products + 0–2, Taxes on production + 0–2, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y00-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y00",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y00-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-y03",
    "label": "3–10, levies through companies",
    "value": 15.520975104372624,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Taxes on products + 3–10, Taxes on production + 3–10, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y03-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y03",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y03-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-y11",
    "label": "11–17, levies through companies",
    "value": 23.752504135512734,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Taxes on products + 11–17, Taxes on production + 11–17, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y11-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y11",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y11-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-y18",
    "label": "18–29, levies through companies",
    "value": 69.24537276848254,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Taxes on products + 18–29, Taxes on production + 18–29, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y18-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y18",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y18-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-y30",
    "label": "30–39, levies through companies",
    "value": 77.49969188286249,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Taxes on products + 30–39, Taxes on production + 30–39, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y30-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y30",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y30-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-y40",
    "label": "40–49, levies through companies",
    "value": 87.39862942452636,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Taxes on products + 40–49, Taxes on production + 40–49, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y40-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y40",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y40-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-y50",
    "label": "50–64, levies through companies",
    "value": 133.58467527454778,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Taxes on products + 50–64, Taxes on production + 50–64, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y50-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y50",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y50-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-y65",
    "label": "65–79, levies through companies",
    "value": 68.73994578637706,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Taxes on products + 65–79, Taxes on production + 65–79, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y65-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y65",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y65-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-via-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, levies through companies",
    "value": 26.14222193103162,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on products and on production and corporate tax that companies hand over but whose incidence Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Taxes on products + 80 and over, Taxes on production + 80 and over, Corporate tax",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products-y80-resident",
        "nta-2024-taxes_production-earnings-y80",
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax-y80-resident"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-y00",
    "label": "0–2, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 0.5704963257246202,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Subsidies on products + 0–2, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y00",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-y03",
    "label": "3–10, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 2.230323025652836,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Subsidies on products + 3–10, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y03",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-y11",
    "label": "11–17, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 3.469488674255396,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Subsidies on products + 11–17, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y11",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-y18",
    "label": "18–29, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 15.108184443980935,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Subsidies on products + 18–29, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y18",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-y30",
    "label": "30–39, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 18.458130498430634,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Subsidies on products + 30–39, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y30",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-y40",
    "label": "40–49, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 19.976772474374556,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Subsidies on products + 40–49, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y40",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-y50",
    "label": "50–64, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 27.33427808740884,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Subsidies on products + 50–64, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y50",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-y65",
    "label": "65–79, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 7.977320519414404,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Subsidies on products + 65–79, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y65",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-sub-y80",
    "label": "80 and over, subsidies through companies",
    "value": 2.889020984705389,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Subsidies paid to companies whose benefit Insee attributes to the group.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Subsidies on products + 80 and over, Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-subsidies_products-consumption-y80",
        "nta-2024-subsidies_production-earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-l-kind-2",
    "label": "Taxes on products and production, 2024",
    "value": 456.13300000000004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-l-kind-capital",
    "label": "Taxes on capital, 2024",
    "value": 98.86886837008326,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax + CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-l-kind-3",
    "label": "Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 266.81413162991674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on earnings and benefits + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest",
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-l-kind-1",
    "label": "Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 483.631,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-subsidies",
    "label": "Subsidies, 2024",
    "value": 98.0140150339476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-4",
    "label": "Cash benefits, 2024",
    "value": 579.5973723816254,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2024-other_cash"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-5",
    "label": "Transfers in kind, 2024",
    "value": 566.2949276183746,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2024-culture"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y00-l-kind-3",
    "label": "0–2 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, CSG on earnings and benefits + 0–2, Income tax + 0–2, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y00",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y00-l-kind-1",
    "label": "0–2 → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Pension contributions + 0–2, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y00",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y03-l-kind-3",
    "label": "3–10 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, CSG on earnings and benefits + 3–10, Income tax + 3–10, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y03",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y03-l-kind-1",
    "label": "3–10 → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Pension contributions + 3–10, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y03",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y11-l-kind-3",
    "label": "11–17 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 0.20518564007172296,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, CSG on earnings and benefits + 11–17, Income tax + 11–17, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y11",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y11-l-kind-1",
    "label": "11–17 → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 0.7863172847407001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Pension contributions + 11–17, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y11",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y18-l-kind-3",
    "label": "18–29 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 30.61970133998809,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, CSG on earnings and benefits + 18–29, Income tax + 18–29, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y18",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y18-l-kind-1",
    "label": "18–29 → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 75.49239979676571,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Pension contributions + 18–29, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y18",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y30-l-kind-3",
    "label": "30–39 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 47.50244890186148,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, CSG on earnings and benefits + 30–39, Income tax + 30–39, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y30",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y30-l-kind-1",
    "label": "30–39 → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 112.21237815574884,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Pension contributions + 30–39, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y30",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y40-l-kind-3",
    "label": "40–49 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 54.74149483392165,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, CSG on earnings and benefits + 40–49, Income tax + 40–49, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y40",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y40-l-kind-1",
    "label": "40–49 → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 124.74296724228316,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Pension contributions + 40–49, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y40",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y50-l-kind-3",
    "label": "50–64 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 82.68485612560222,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, CSG on earnings and benefits + 50–64, Income tax + 50–64, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y50",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y50-l-kind-1",
    "label": "50–64 → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 160.37958952020583,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Pension contributions + 50–64, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y50",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y65-l-kind-3",
    "label": "65–79 → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 37.41768660604263,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, CSG on earnings and benefits + 65–79, Income tax + 65–79, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y65",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y65-l-kind-1",
    "label": "65–79 → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 8.82707968129542,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Pension contributions + 65–79, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y65",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y80-l-kind-3",
    "label": "80 and over → Taxes on income and wealth, 2024",
    "value": 13.64275818242903,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, CSG on earnings and benefits + 80 and over, Income tax + 80 and over, Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest-y80",
        "nta-2024-income_tax-income_tax-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_income_taxes-csg-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-y80-l-kind-1",
    "label": "80 and over → Social contributions, 2024",
    "value": 1.1902683189602434,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Pension contributions + 80 and over, Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-contrib_pensions-earnings-y80",
        "nta-2024-contrib_others-earnings+earnings+earnings-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-p-abroad-gov",
    "label": "Outside France → General government, 2024",
    "value": 135.357247531415,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Lenders outside France + International cooperation from the EU + Capital transfers from the EU (recovery plan)",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-bw-abroad",
        "dna-2024-row-d74rec_s212",
        "dna-2024-row-d9rec_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-co-in-l-kind-2",
    "label": "Through companies → Taxes on products and production, 2024",
    "value": 456.13300000000004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-l-kind-2-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on products and production → General government, 2024",
    "value": 456.13300000000004,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on products + Taxes on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-taxes_products",
        "dna-2024-taxes_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-l-kind-capital-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on capital → General government, 2024",
    "value": 98.86886837008326,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Corporate tax + CSG on capital income",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-corporate_tax",
        "dna-2024-csg_capital"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-l-kind-3-gov",
    "label": "Taxes on income and wealth → General government, 2024",
    "value": 266.81413162991674,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "CSG on earnings and benefits + Income tax + Other taxes on income and wealth",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-csg-rest",
        "dna-2024-income_tax",
        "dna-2024-other_income_taxes"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-l-kind-1-gov",
    "label": "Social contributions → General government, 2024",
    "value": 483.631,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pension contributions + Other contributions",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-contrib_pensions",
        "dna-2024-contrib_others"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-gov-t-kind-subsidies",
    "label": "General government → Subsidies, 2024",
    "value": 98.0140150339476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-gov-t-kind-4",
    "label": "General government → Cash benefits, 2024",
    "value": 579.5973723816254,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Pensions + Unemployment benefits + Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-pensions",
        "dna-2024-unemployment_benefits",
        "dna-2024-other_cash"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-gov-t-kind-5",
    "label": "General government → Transfers in kind, 2024",
    "value": 566.2949276183746,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Health care + Education + Social care and housing aid + Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-health",
        "dna-2024-education",
        "dna-2024-other_in_kind",
        "dna-2024-culture"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-subsidies-co-out",
    "label": "Subsidies → Through companies, 2024",
    "value": 98.0140150339476,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Subsidies on products + Subsidies on production",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-subsidies_products",
        "dna-2024-subsidies_production"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y00",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 0–2, 2024",
    "value": 9.170664282839045,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Pensions + 0–2, Unemployment benefits + 0–2, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y00",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y00"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y00",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 0–2, 2024",
    "value": 16.867660811815036,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "0–2, Health care + 0–2, Education + 0–2, Social care and housing aid + 0–2, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-health-health-y00",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y00",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y00",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y00"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y03",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 3–10, 2024",
    "value": 12.148800766269016,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Pensions + 3–10, Unemployment benefits + 3–10, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y03",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y03",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 3–10, 2024",
    "value": 67.80628788177985,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "3–10, Health care + 3–10, Education + 3–10, Social care and housing aid + 3–10, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-health-health-y03",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y03",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y03",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y03"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y11",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 11–17, 2024",
    "value": 10.51913443738228,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Pensions + 11–17, Unemployment benefits + 11–17, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y11",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y11",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 11–17, 2024",
    "value": 84.55514731601794,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "11–17, Health care + 11–17, Education + 11–17, Social care and housing aid + 11–17, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-health-health-y11",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y11",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y11",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y11"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y18",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 18–29, 2024",
    "value": 29.635783295319218,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Pensions + 18–29, Unemployment benefits + 18–29, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y18",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y18",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 18–29, 2024",
    "value": 77.23617415741955,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "18–29, Health care + 18–29, Education + 18–29, Social care and housing aid + 18–29, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-health-health-y18",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y18",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y18",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y30",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 30–39, 2024",
    "value": 35.84469038038255,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Pensions + 30–39, Unemployment benefits + 30–39, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y30",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y30",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 30–39, 2024",
    "value": 34.783920118103,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "30–39, Health care + 30–39, Education + 30–39, Social care and housing aid + 30–39, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-health-health-y30",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y30",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y30",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y30"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y40",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 40–49, 2024",
    "value": 34.70402923143539,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Pensions + 40–49, Unemployment benefits + 40–49, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y40",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y40",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 40–49, 2024",
    "value": 37.44562764653985,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "40–49, Health care + 40–49, Education + 40–49, Social care and housing aid + 40–49, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-health-health-y40",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y40",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y40",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y40"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y50",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 50–64, 2024",
    "value": 99.28206013521623,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Pensions + 50–64, Unemployment benefits + 50–64, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y50",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y50",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 50–64, 2024",
    "value": 76.70251107689808,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "50–64, Health care + 50–64, Education + 50–64, Social care and housing aid + 50–64, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-health-health-y50",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y50",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y50",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y65",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 65–79, 2024",
    "value": 248.75416053297513,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Pensions + 65–79, Unemployment benefits + 65–79, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y65",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y65",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 65–79, 2024",
    "value": 97.85234956275521,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "65–79, Health care + 65–79, Education + 65–79, Social care and housing aid + 65–79, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-health-health-y65",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y65",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y65",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y65"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-4-r-y80",
    "label": "Cash benefits → 80 and over, 2024",
    "value": 99.5380493198066,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Pensions + 80 and over, Unemployment benefits + 80 and over, Other cash benefits",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-pensions-pensions-y80",
        "nta-2024-unemployment_benefits-unemployment-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_cash-earnings+family_children+minimum+disability+health-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-t-kind-5-r-y80",
    "label": "Transfers in kind → 80 and over, 2024",
    "value": 73.04524904704593,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "80 and over, Health care + 80 and over, Education + 80 and over, Social care and housing aid + 80 and over, Culture and leisure",
      "inputs": [
        "nta-2024-health-health-y80",
        "nta-2024-education-education-y80",
        "nta-2024-other_in_kind-social_care+housing+per_capita-y80",
        "nta-2024-culture-per_capita-y80"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "dna-2024-persons-kind-gov-r-abroad",
    "label": "General government → Outside France, 2024",
    "value": 63.88975707769424,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The sum of the levies or transfers of one kind that the detailed diagram shows one by one.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Lenders outside France + EU contribution (VAT and GNI own resources) + International cooperation paid + Capital transfers to the rest of the world",
      "inputs": [
        "dna-2024-int-abroad",
        "dna-2024-row-d76pay",
        "dna-2024-row-d74pay",
        "dna-2024-row-d9pay_s2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "itr-labour-2024",
    "label": "Implicit tax rate on labour",
    "value": 38.76,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes and contributions on employed labour divided by the total compensation of employees: the average rate at which pay is taxed.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "European Commission, DG TAXUD",
      "title": "Data on Taxation Trends, TAX_ITR (2026 release)",
      "url": "https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/redisstat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/TAX_ITR/?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=false",
      "location": "GEO=FR, ITR=L, UNIT=PC_TOT, 2024",
      "published": "30 March 2026",
      "quote": "TAXUD:TAX_ITR(1.0),30/03/26 16:53:17,A,L,PC_TOT,FR,2024,38.76"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "No comparable rate on capital is published: the Commission suspended it in 2023, and the database series loaded since is not presented as the restored indicator, so this page does not use it."
  },
  {
    "id": "pensions-contributions-2025",
    "label": "Pensions financed by contributions, 2025",
    "value": 65.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social contributions as a share of the resources of all compulsory pension schemes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Conseil d'orientation des retraites",
      "title": "Évolutions et perspectives des retraites en France, rapport annuel 2026",
      "url": "https://www.cor-retraites.fr/sites/default/files/2026-06/RA_2026_def.pdf",
      "location": "Partie 2, ch. 2, Tableau 2.2, p. 87",
      "published": "June 2026",
      "quote": "65,6 % de ces ressources proviennent des cotisations sociales (277,0 milliards d'euros) en 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "A further 11.7% is the State's own contribution as employer of civil servants, also a charge on pay."
  },
  {
    "id": "ss-work-base-2025",
    "label": "Social-security receipts levied on earned income, 2025",
    "value": 66,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Receipts of the basic schemes levied on income from work (contributions and CSG on wages and the self-employed), as a share of all receipts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, résultats 2025, prévisions 2026",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/files/live/sites/SSFR/files/medias/CCSS/2026/CCSS%20mai%202026_assembl%C3%A9_V2.pdf",
      "location": "Fiche 1.1, Graphique 2, p. 43",
      "published": "May 2026",
      "quote": "Répartition des recettes des régimes de base et du FSV par type d'assiette (2025): Activité 66%, Consommation 10%, Capital 3%"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Read from a chart label; the report gives no table behind it."
  },
  {
    "id": "ss-contributions-2025",
    "label": "Contributions' share of social-security receipts, 2025",
    "value": 49,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social contributions as a share of the receipts of the basic social-security schemes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, résultats 2025, prévisions 2026",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/files/live/sites/SSFR/files/medias/CCSS/2026/CCSS%20mai%202026_assembl%C3%A9_V2.pdf",
      "location": "Fiche 1.2, p. 46",
      "published": "May 2026",
      "quote": "La montée en charge des dispositifs d'exonération à partir du début des années 1990, amplifiée depuis 2015, a contribué à la baisse relative des cotisations dans les recettes des régimes de base de sécurité sociale. En 2025, elles représentaient 49% de leurs recettes, contre 82% en 1993."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "The rest is mostly CSG and earmarked taxes, and the State's compensation for contribution cuts."
  },
  {
    "id": "ss-contributions-1993",
    "label": "Contributions' share of social-security receipts, 1993",
    "value": 82,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 1993,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social contributions as a share of the receipts of the basic social-security schemes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Commission des comptes de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "Les comptes de la Sécurité sociale, résultats 2025, prévisions 2026",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/files/live/sites/SSFR/files/medias/CCSS/2026/CCSS%20mai%202026_assembl%C3%A9_V2.pdf",
      "location": "Fiche 1.2, p. 46",
      "published": "May 2026",
      "quote": "La montée en charge des dispositifs d'exonération à partir du début des années 1990, amplifiée depuis 2015, a contribué à la baisse relative des cotisations dans les recettes des régimes de base de sécurité sociale. En 2025, elles représentaient 49% de leurs recettes, contre 82% en 1993."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "tax-labour-nonemployed-2024",
    "label": "Taxes on pensions and benefits",
    "value": 49111,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes and contributions levied on pensions and social transfers.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "European Commission, DG TAXUD",
      "title": "Data on Taxation Trends, TAX_EC_FUNC (2026 release)",
      "url": "https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/redisstat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/TAX_EC_FUNC/?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=false",
      "location": "GEO=FR, EF=LNON, UNIT=MIO_EUR, 2024",
      "published": "30 March 2026",
      "quote": "TAXUD:TAX_EC_FUNC(1.0),30/03/26 16:51:25,A,LNON,MIO_EUR,FR,2024,49111.0"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "tax-labour-employees-2024",
    "label": "Labour taxes paid by employees",
    "value": 253502.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Employee contributions, and the income tax and CSG levied on wages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "European Commission, DG TAXUD",
      "title": "Data on Taxation Trends, TAX_EC_FUNC (2026 release)",
      "url": "https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/redisstat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/TAX_EC_FUNC/?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=false",
      "location": "GEO=FR, EF=LEES, UNIT=MIO_EUR, 2024",
      "published": "30 March 2026",
      "quote": "TAXUD:TAX_EC_FUNC(1.0),30/03/26 16:51:25,A,LEES,MIO_EUR,FR,2024,253502.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "tax-labour-employers-2024",
    "label": "Labour taxes paid by employers",
    "value": 351506.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Employer social contributions and payroll taxes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "European Commission, DG TAXUD",
      "title": "Data on Taxation Trends, TAX_EC_FUNC (2026 release)",
      "url": "https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/redisstat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/TAX_EC_FUNC/?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=false",
      "location": "GEO=FR, EF=LEYRS, UNIT=MIO_EUR, 2024",
      "published": "30 March 2026",
      "quote": "TAXUD:TAX_EC_FUNC(1.0),30/03/26 16:51:25,A,LEYRS,MIO_EUR,FR,2024,351506.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "France collects more of these, as a share of GDP, than any other EU country."
  },
  {
    "id": "tax-labour-2024",
    "label": "Taxes on labour",
    "value": 654119.1,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes and social contributions on income from work, pensions and benefits included.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "European Commission, DG TAXUD",
      "title": "Data on Taxation Trends, TAX_EC_FUNC (2026 release)",
      "url": "https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/redisstat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/TAX_EC_FUNC/?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=false",
      "location": "GEO=FR, EF=LAB, UNIT=MIO_EUR, 2024",
      "published": "30 March 2026",
      "quote": "TAXUD:TAX_EC_FUNC(1.0),30/03/26 16:51:25,A,LAB,MIO_EUR,FR,2024,654119.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "tax-consumption-2024",
    "label": "Taxes on consumption",
    "value": 313893.6,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "VAT, excise duties on energy, tobacco and alcohol, and other taxes on consumption.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "European Commission, DG TAXUD",
      "title": "Data on Taxation Trends, TAX_EC_FUNC (2026 release)",
      "url": "https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/redisstat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/TAX_EC_FUNC/?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=false",
      "location": "GEO=FR, EF=C, UNIT=MIO_EUR, 2024",
      "published": "30 March 2026",
      "quote": "TAXUD:TAX_EC_FUNC(1.0),30/03/26 16:51:25,A,C,MIO_EUR,FR,2024,313893.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "tax-capital-2024",
    "label": "Taxes on capital",
    "value": 301221.3,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Corporate income tax, taxes on households' capital income and on the self-employed, and taxes on stocks of capital.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "European Commission, DG TAXUD",
      "title": "Data on Taxation Trends, TAX_EC_FUNC (2026 release)",
      "url": "https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/redisstat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/TAX_EC_FUNC/?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=false",
      "location": "GEO=FR, EF=CAP, UNIT=MIO_EUR, 2024",
      "published": "30 March 2026",
      "quote": "TAXUD:TAX_EC_FUNC(1.0),30/03/26 16:51:25,A,CAP,MIO_EUR,FR,2024,301221.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "tax-total-2024",
    "label": "Total taxation",
    "value": 1269234,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "All taxes and compulsory social contributions, by economic function.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on labour + taxes on consumption + taxes on capital",
      "inputs": [
        "tax-labour-2024",
        "tax-consumption-2024",
        "tax-capital-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "labour-tax-loss",
    "label": "Labour taxes lost to that shift",
    "value": 50870.434092,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "The labour taxes no longer collected if that much value added stopped being paid as wages, at today's average rate on labour.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Fall in the labour share ÷ 100 × gross value added, 2024 × implicit tax rate on labour ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "labour-share-shift",
        "b1g-2024",
        "itr-labour-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "This counts only the loss on labour taxes. Any recovery through taxes on profits and capital income depends on a capital tax rate that is not reliably published. It assumes the shifted income would have been taxed at the average rate on labour."
  },
  {
    "id": "labour-share-shift",
    "label": "Fall in the labour share",
    "value": 5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "Points of value added moving from employees to capital.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "assumption",
      "rationale": "Chosen to make the arithmetic concrete. France's labour share has stayed between 56.1% (2007) and 59.2% (2017) since 1995; a five-point fall would be larger than anything in that period."
    },
    "retrieved": ""
  },
  {
    "id": "b1g-2024",
    "label": "Gross value added, 2024",
    "value": 2624893.4,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross value added at basic prices, current prices.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "nama_10_gdp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "CP_MEUR",
        "na_item": "B1G"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-10-02T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nama_10_gdp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=CP_MEUR&na_item=B1G&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-ipp-counterfactual",
    "label": "Rate if their whole income were taxed like wages",
    "value": 59,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "Overall rate for the 75 richest households if the personal tax schedule applied to all their economic income, without any change in behaviour.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Institut des politiques publiques",
      "title": "Quels impôts les milliardaires paient-ils ? Note n° 92 (Bach, Bozio, Guillouzouic, Malgouyres), updated 2025",
      "url": "https://www.ipp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/92_Note_IPP_Billionaires-version-actualisee.pdf",
      "location": "p. 6",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "le taux effectif global d'imposition du revenu économique passerait de 26 % à 59 %"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-dutreil-top-centile",
    "label": "Share of the Dutreil exemption going to the top centile of heirs",
    "value": 65,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the tax expenditure received by the 1% of donees with the largest benefit: 110 people in 2024, €30m each on average.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Cour des comptes",
      "title": "Le pacte Dutreil : un dispositif fiscal en forte croissance à mieux cibler",
      "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2025-11/20251118-Pacte-Dutreil.pdf",
      "location": "p. 57",
      "published": "November 2025",
      "quote": "La dépense fiscale est concentrée sur le dernier centile, qui représente 65 % de son total. Les 110 donataires concernés en 2024 ont bénéficié d'un avantage fiscal moyen de 30 M€"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-dutreil-cour",
    "label": "Pacte Dutreil, Cour des comptes estimate",
    "value": 5.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Cost of the partial exemption from inheritance and gift duties on family firms passed on under a Dutreil pact.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Cour des comptes",
      "title": "Le pacte Dutreil : un dispositif fiscal en forte croissance à mieux cibler",
      "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2025-11/20251118-Pacte-Dutreil.pdf",
      "location": "Synthèse, p. 11",
      "published": "November 2025",
      "quote": "il dépasse 5,5 Md€ en 2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04",
    "caveat": "Budget documents carried it at €0.5bn a year from 2011 to 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-median-child-duty",
    "label": "Duty paid by the median child heir",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2018,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Median inheritance duty paid by a child heir (DG Trésor microsimulation, reported by the Cour des comptes).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Cour des comptes",
      "title": "Les droits de succession",
      "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2024-09/20240925-Droits-de-succession%C2%A0_1.pdf",
      "location": "p. 76",
      "published": "September 2024",
      "quote": "le montant moyen de droits de succession acquitté par un héritier en ligne directe s'élève à 6 835 €, la médiane étant de 0 euro"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-declarations-paying",
    "label": "Inheritance declarations that pay any duty",
    "value": 47,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Share of main inheritance declarations on which any duty was paid (165,595 of 354,443).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Cour des comptes",
      "title": "Les droits de succession",
      "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2024-09/20240925-Droits-de-succession%C2%A0_1.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau n° 7, p. 37",
      "published": "September 2024",
      "quote": "Déclarations principales de succession 354 443 Dont déclarations payantes 165 595 (47 %)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-top1-wealth",
    "label": "Wealth held by the top 1%",
    "value": 27.4,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of net personal wealth held by the richest 1% of adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Lab",
      "title": "World Inequality Report 2026, country sheets",
      "url": "https://wir2026.wid.world/www-site/uploads/2026/09/WIR26_Country_Sheets.pdf",
      "location": "France, table 1, p. 170",
      "published": "September 2026",
      "quote": "the richest 10% holding roughly 60% of total wealth and the top 1% around 27%"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04",
    "caveat": "The country sheet gives no year; its figure is WID's 2023 value (shwealj992). WID's 2024 value is 27.7%."
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-top10-wealth",
    "label": "Wealth held by the top 10%",
    "value": 59.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of net personal wealth held by the richest 10% of adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Lab",
      "title": "World Inequality Report 2026, country sheets",
      "url": "https://wir2026.wid.world/www-site/uploads/2026/09/WIR26_Country_Sheets.pdf",
      "location": "France, table 1, p. 170",
      "published": "September 2026",
      "quote": "the richest 10% holding roughly 60% of total wealth and the top 1% around 27%"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04",
    "caveat": "The country sheet gives no year; its figure is WID's 2023 value (shwealj992). WID's 2024 value is 59.9%."
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-wealth-years",
    "label": "Wealth in years of income",
    "value": 8.4618239371282,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Household net wealth divided by household net disposable income: how many years of income the stock represents.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "net wealth / net disposable income",
      "inputs": [
        "capital-wealth-2025",
        "capital-b6n-2025"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-wealth-2025",
    "label": "Household net wealth, 2025",
    "value": 15504.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net worth of households and non-profit institutions serving them: housing, land, financial assets and business assets, less debts, at the end of the year.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "B90 net worth, STO=LE_N, S14 + S15, 2025 (provisional)",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04",
    "caveat": "Provisional for 2025. Housing including land is 51% of assets."
  },
  {
    "id": "capital-b6n-2025",
    "label": "Household net disposable income, 2025",
    "value": 1832.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net disposable income of households and non-profit institutions serving them (B6N).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Tableau économique d'ensemble (DD_CNA_TEE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_TEE/DD_CNA_TEE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S1M, STO=B6N, 2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-cir-large-share",
    "label": "Share of the CIR going to large firms",
    "value": 41,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Large firms' share of the research credit generated in 2023; they are 571 of 16,089 beneficiaries.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche",
      "title": "Le crédit d'impôt recherche (CIR) en 2023 (données provisoires)",
      "url": "https://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2025-12/le-cr-dit-d-imp-t-recherche-en-2023---provisoire-38761.pdf",
      "location": "p. 2",
      "published": "November 2025",
      "quote": "Elles bénéficient d'une créance de 3,0 Md€ qui représentent 41 % de la créance au titre de la recherche en 2023."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Provisional data. Size is measured at tax-group level."
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-allegements-2024",
    "label": "General contribution reductions on low wages",
    "value": 64.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The réduction générale and the reduced health and family contributions, as a cost to the basic social-security schemes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Direction de la Sécurité sociale",
      "title": "PLFSS 2026, Annexe 4 (exonérations de cotisations sociales)",
      "url": "https://www.securite-sociale.fr/files/live/sites/SSFR/files/medias/PLFSS/2026/PLFSS2026-Annexe4-20251014-183718-59-11_avec%20couverture.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 6, p. 22",
      "published": "14 October 2025",
      "quote": "Allègements généraux, régimes de base 64,9 [2024]"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Merged into a single reduction from 2026, so the series breaks. The field matters: basic schemes only here.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€77.3bn",
        "source": "Cour des comptes, RALFSS 2025, ch. III, p. 120",
        "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2025-05/20250526-RALFSS-2025-Maitriser-dynamique-allegements-generaux-de-cotisations-sociales.pdf",
        "why": "Counts every scheme, supplementary pensions and unemployment insurance included."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-vat-2024",
    "label": "Reduced VAT rates",
    "value": 10.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "VAT rates below 20% listed as tax expenditures, as the cost left to the State after its transfers to local authorities and social security.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Direction de la législation fiscale",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, PLF 2026",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Table by tax, p. 17",
      "published": "October 2025",
      "quote": "Taxe sur la valeur ajoutée 10 920 / 11 005 / 12 366"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Whether these are aid to firms is contested: the Senate's strict estimate and the HCSP's perimeter 1 exclude them.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€23.4bn (2025)",
        "source": "DG Trésor, Trésor-Éco n° 387, Encadré 1",
        "why": "The revenue forgone before transfers, the older convention."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-cir-2024",
    "label": "Research tax credit (CIR)",
    "value": 7.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The cash cost to the State in 2024 of the research tax credit, its largest tax expenditure.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Direction de la législation fiscale",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, PLF 2026",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiche 200302, p. 106",
      "published": "October 2025",
      "quote": "Réalisation 2024: 7 800 ; Prévision 2025: 8 068 ; Prévision 2026: 8 041 [...] Bénéficiaires 17 593 Entreprises ; Fiabilité du réalisé Très bonne"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "17,593 beneficiary firms (tax-group heads)."
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-apprentices-2024",
    "label": "Hiring aid for apprentices",
    "value": 4.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Direct State payments to employers that hire apprentices.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OFCE",
      "title": "Policy brief n° 157, « L'apprentissage sous pression »",
      "url": "https://www.ofce.fr/pdf/pbrief/2026/OFCEpbrief157.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau, pp. 3-4, row “Aides directes aux employeurs”",
      "published": "5 May 2026",
      "quote": "Aides directes aux employeurs 0,9 [2018] 0,9 3,8 4,2 4,6 3,9 4,1 3,4 2,3 [2026]"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "An OFCE reconstruction; sources differ by up to €1bn for one year.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€4.4bn (2022)",
        "source": "Cour des comptes, note thématique, July 2023, p. 10",
        "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2023-10/20230707-note-thematique-Soutien-public-formation-professionnelle-apprentissage.pdf",
        "why": "Budget execution for an earlier year."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-tax-expenditures",
    "label": "Tax expenditures for firms",
    "value": 88,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Tax relief granted to firms, including reduced VAT rates and the expenditures the administration has reclassified as ordinary tax rules (such as the parent-subsidiary regime).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Direction générale du Trésor",
      "title": "Trésor-Éco n° 387, « Comment définir les aides publiques aux entreprises ? »",
      "url": "https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Articles/2026/04/16/comment-definir-les-aides-publiques-aux-entreprises",
      "location": "p. 3, restating the Senate's chart",
      "published": "April 2026",
      "quote": "des subventions aux entreprises (7 Md€), des dépenses fiscales (88 Md€), des allègements de cotisations sociales (75 Md€) ainsi que des interventions financières de Bpifrance (41 Md€)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-contribution-cuts",
    "label": "Social-contribution reductions",
    "value": 75,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employer social contributions not collected, mostly on low wages.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Direction générale du Trésor",
      "title": "Trésor-Éco n° 387, « Comment définir les aides publiques aux entreprises ? »",
      "url": "https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Articles/2026/04/16/comment-definir-les-aides-publiques-aux-entreprises",
      "location": "p. 3, restating the Senate's chart",
      "published": "April 2026",
      "quote": "des subventions aux entreprises (7 Md€), des dépenses fiscales (88 Md€), des allègements de cotisations sociales (75 Md€) ainsi que des interventions financières de Bpifrance (41 Md€)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-bpifrance",
    "label": "Bpifrance loans, guarantees and equity",
    "value": 41,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The face value of Bpifrance's financial interventions in 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Direction générale du Trésor",
      "title": "Trésor-Éco n° 387, « Comment définir les aides publiques aux entreprises ? »",
      "url": "https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Articles/2026/04/16/comment-definir-les-aides-publiques-aux-entreprises",
      "location": "p. 3, restating the Senate's chart",
      "published": "April 2026",
      "quote": "des subventions aux entreprises (7 Md€), des dépenses fiscales (88 Md€), des allègements de cotisations sociales (75 Md€) ainsi que des interventions financières de Bpifrance (41 Md€)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "A loan is not a cost: DG Trésor notes that the commission takes the face value “sans en déduire les retours financiers pour l'État”."
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-subsidies",
    "label": "Subsidies",
    "value": 7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "State subsidies to firms, compensation for public services excluded.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Direction générale du Trésor",
      "title": "Trésor-Éco n° 387, « Comment définir les aides publiques aux entreprises ? »",
      "url": "https://www.tresor.economie.gouv.fr/Articles/2026/04/16/comment-definir-les-aides-publiques-aux-entreprises",
      "location": "p. 3, restating the Senate's chart",
      "published": "April 2026",
      "quote": "des subventions aux entreprises (7 Md€), des dépenses fiscales (88 Md€), des allègements de cotisations sociales (75 Md€) ainsi que des interventions financières de Bpifrance (41 Md€)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-hcsp-2025",
    "label": "Support to companies, HCSP 2025 note",
    "value": 111.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Budget aid (€39.4bn, some public-service compensation included), tax expenditures (€52.0bn, reduced VAT rates included), loans, guarantees and equity (€17.3bn) and the contribution exemptions that count as State aid under EU law (€3.2bn).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Haut-Commissariat à la Stratégie et au Plan",
      "title": "Note d'analyse n° 157, « Les aides aux entreprises en France : de quoi parle-t-on ? »",
      "url": "https://www.strategie-plan.gouv.fr/files/files/Publications/2025/2025-07-17%20-%20NA%20157%20-%20Aides%20aux%20entreprises/HCSP-2025-NA157-Aides-entreprises-18juillet12h.pdf",
      "location": "p. 1",
      "published": "18 July 2025",
      "quote": "Le total des aides aux entreprises en France s'élève alors à près de 112 milliards d'euros."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Superseded in July 2026 by the HCSP's two reference perimeters."
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-senate-strict",
    "label": "Support to companies, Senate strict estimate",
    "value": 108,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The broad estimate without Bpifrance, without reclassified tax expenditures and without VAT: strict tax expenditures (€26bn), social-contribution reductions (€75bn) and subsidies (€7bn).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat, commission d'enquête sur l'utilisation des aides publiques aux grandes entreprises",
      "title": "Rapport n° 808 (2024-2025), tome I",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/r24-808-1/r24-808-11.pdf",
      "location": "Part I.C.4.c, p. 187",
      "published": "8 July 2025",
      "quote": "Cette seconde estimation des aides publiques aux entreprises au sens strict aboutit à un montant annuel de 108 milliards d'euros."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "Often cited as a “Sénat/HCSP” figure; it is the Senate's alone. It keeps the general contribution reductions on low wages, which the HCSP, the IGF and the European Commission leave out. The chart on p. 187 is titled “en 2019”; the text says 2023.",
    "alternatives": [
      {
        "value": "€111.9bn",
        "source": "HCSP, Note d'analyse n° 157, July 2025",
        "url": "https://www.strategie-plan.gouv.fr/files/files/Publications/2025/2025-07-17%20-%20NA%20157%20-%20Aides%20aux%20entreprises/HCSP-2025-NA157-Aides-entreprises-18juillet12h.pdf",
        "why": "Close by coincidence: the HCSP excludes the general contribution reductions but counts VAT reductions and compensation for public services."
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-hcsp-p2",
    "label": "Support to companies, HCSP perimeter 2",
    "value": 187,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Perimeter 1 plus the general contribution reductions, sector-targeted reduced VAT rates, indirect interventions by local authorities and aid funded by earmarked taxes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Haut-Commissariat à la Stratégie et au Plan",
      "title": "Les aides aux entreprises : définition, périmètres, cadre de suivi et d'évaluation",
      "url": "https://www.strategie-plan.gouv.fr/files/files/Publications/2026/2026-07-16%20-%20Rapport%20Aides%20aux%20entreprises/HCSP-2026-RAPPORT-AIDES-ENTREPRISES.pdf",
      "location": "Part 2, §3.1-3.2, pp. 27-29",
      "published": "17 July 2026",
      "quote": "Chiffré à 187 milliards, selon notre relecture des données budgétaires exécutées en 2023, le périmètre 2 inclut les dispositifs du périmètre 1 ainsi que les exonérations générales de cotisations sociales, les taux réduits de TVA à finalité sectorielle identifiable, et les interventions indirectes des collectivités territoriales."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02"
  },
  {
    "id": "michelin-buybacks-2024",
    "label": "Michelin: share buybacks, 2024",
    "value": 502,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Shares bought back in 2024 and cancelled.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Compagnie Générale des Établissements Michelin",
      "title": "Document d'enregistrement universel 2024",
      "url": "https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/cxf-corporate/attachments/surx3bstkesmorljemsj3v50-document-d-enregistrement-universel-2024.pdf",
      "location": "Consolidated cash-flow statement, p. 358",
      "published": "7 April 2025",
      "quote": "Rachats d’actions 15 (502) -"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "michelin-dividends-2024",
    "label": "Michelin: dividends paid, 2024",
    "value": 961,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cash dividends paid to shareholders of the group's parent company.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Compagnie Générale des Établissements Michelin",
      "title": "Document d'enregistrement universel 2024",
      "url": "https://dgaddcosprod.blob.core.windows.net/cxf-corporate/attachments/surx3bstkesmorljemsj3v50-document-d-enregistrement-universel-2024.pdf",
      "location": "Consolidated cash-flow statement, p. 358",
      "published": "7 April 2025",
      "quote": "Dividendes versés aux actionnaires de la Société 15 (961) (893)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "The Senate report's “about €1.4bn of dividends” adds the €502m of buybacks: dividends alone were €961m."
  },
  {
    "id": "sanofi-buybacks-2024",
    "label": "Sanofi: share buybacks, 2024",
    "value": 302,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Own shares bought during 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sanofi",
      "title": "Document d'enregistrement universel 2024",
      "url": "https://www.sanofi.com/assets/dotcom/content-app/publications/financial/2024-Document-enregistrement-universel-2024.pdf",
      "location": "Consolidated cash-flow statement, p. 366",
      "published": "13 February 2025",
      "quote": "Acquisitions d’actions propres D.15.4. (302) (593) (497)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Excludes the €3bn of its own shares Sanofi bought from L'Oréal in February 2025. The Senate rapporteur's “€5bn of buybacks” is not supported by the filings for 2023-2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "sanofi-dividends-2024",
    "label": "Sanofi: dividends paid, 2024",
    "value": 4704,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cash dividends paid to Sanofi shareholders.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sanofi",
      "title": "Document d'enregistrement universel 2024",
      "url": "https://www.sanofi.com/assets/dotcom/content-app/publications/financial/2024-Document-enregistrement-universel-2024.pdf",
      "location": "Consolidated cash-flow statement, p. 366",
      "published": "13 February 2025",
      "quote": "• aux Actionnaires de Sanofi (4 704) (4 454) (4 168)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "lvmh-buybacks-2024",
    "label": "LVMH: share purchases, 2024",
    "value": 592,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "LVMH shares bought in 2024, mostly to cover bonus-share plans.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "LVMH",
      "title": "Document d'enregistrement universel 2024",
      "url": "https://lvmh-com.cdn.prismic.io/lvmh-com/Z-PYoHdAxsiBv6v5_Documentd%27enregistrementuniversel2024.pdf",
      "location": "Note 16.3, p. 364",
      "published": "25 March 2025",
      "quote": "Achats d’actions 905 507 594 (592)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "lvmh-dividends-2024",
    "label": "LVMH: dividends paid, 2024",
    "value": 6492,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Final and interim dividends paid by LVMH SE in 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "LVMH",
      "title": "Document d'enregistrement universel 2024",
      "url": "https://lvmh-com.cdn.prismic.io/lvmh-com/Z-PYoHdAxsiBv6v5_Documentd%27enregistrementuniversel2024.pdf",
      "location": "Note 15.4, p. 362",
      "published": "25 March 2025",
      "quote": "Dividendes et acomptes versés par la société LVMH SE (6 492) (6 251) (6 025)"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Excludes €571m paid to minority shareholders of subsidiaries."
  },
  {
    "id": "michelin-payouts-2024",
    "label": "Michelin: paid to shareholders, 2024",
    "value": 1463,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cash dividends and share buybacks paid during 2024, group-wide.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Dividends + share buybacks",
      "inputs": [
        "michelin-dividends-2024",
        "michelin-buybacks-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "michelin-support-2023",
    "label": "Michelin: public support, 2023",
    "value": 83.39999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Research tax credit, contribution reductions and employment support in France.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Research tax credit + contribution reductions + employment support",
      "inputs": [
        "michelin-cir-2023",
        "michelin-reductions-2023",
        "michelin-employment-aid-2023"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "michelin-cir-2023",
    "label": "Michelin: research tax credit, 2023",
    "value": 40.4,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Research tax credit received in France.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat, commission d'enquête sur les aides publiques aux grandes entreprises",
      "title": "Rapport n° 808 (2024-2025), tome II, hearings",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/r24-808-2/r24-808-21.pdf",
      "location": "p. 249, Florent Menegaux, managing partner, 18 March 2025",
      "published": "8 July 2025",
      "quote": "En 2023, Michelin a touché 40,4 millions d’euros au titre du CIR pour un budget R&D total de 400 millions d’euros pour la France et un budget mondial d’innovation de 1,2 milliard."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Tome I of the report attaches this figure to 2024; the hearing and annex 12 say 2023."
  },
  {
    "id": "michelin-reductions-2023",
    "label": "Michelin: contribution reductions, 2023",
    "value": 32.4,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Employer social-contribution reductions of Michelin's French operating company.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat, commission d'enquête sur les aides publiques aux grandes entreprises",
      "title": "Rapport n° 808 (2024-2025), tome II, hearings",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/r24-808-2/r24-808-21.pdf",
      "location": "p. 249, Florent Menegaux, managing partner, 18 March 2025",
      "published": "8 July 2025",
      "quote": "La MFPM a perçu 32,4 millions d’euros de ces aides en 2023 pour 400 millions d’euros de cotisations et 1,5 milliard d’euros de masse salariale."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "michelin-employment-aid-2023",
    "label": "Michelin: employment support, 2023",
    "value": 10.6,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Short-time work, hiring, training and redeployment aid to the French operating company.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat, commission d'enquête sur les aides publiques aux grandes entreprises",
      "title": "Rapport n° 808 (2024-2025), tome II, hearings",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/r24-808-2/r24-808-21.pdf",
      "location": "p. 248, Florent Menegaux, managing partner, 18 March 2025",
      "published": "8 July 2025",
      "quote": "La manufacture française des pneumatiques Michelin (MFPM), c’est-à-dire la société qui opère nos activités en France, a ainsi perçu, au titre du soutien à l’emploi, 10,6 millions d’euros en 2023 pour une masse salariale de 1,5 milliard d’euros."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "sanofi-payouts-2024",
    "label": "Sanofi: paid to shareholders, 2024",
    "value": 5006,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cash dividends and share buybacks paid during 2024, group-wide.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Dividends + share buybacks",
      "inputs": [
        "sanofi-dividends-2024",
        "sanofi-buybacks-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "sanofi-support-2023",
    "label": "Sanofi: public support, 2023",
    "value": 150.29999999999998,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Every support item Sanofi's director for France listed for 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Research tax credit + sponsorship relief + contribution reductions + apprenticeship bonus + project aid",
      "inputs": [
        "sanofi-cir-2023",
        "sanofi-mecenat-2023",
        "sanofi-reductions-2023",
        "sanofi-apprentices-2023",
        "sanofi-projects-2023"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "The commission's chairman put the total at €140m; the IP box benefit was not disclosed."
  },
  {
    "id": "sanofi-cir-2023",
    "label": "Sanofi: research tax credit, 2023",
    "value": 108,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Research tax credit received in France.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat, commission d'enquête sur les aides publiques aux grandes entreprises",
      "title": "Rapport n° 808 (2024-2025), tome II, hearings",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/r24-808-2/r24-808-21.pdf",
      "location": "p. 378, Charles Wolf, director for France, 26 March 2025",
      "published": "8 July 2025",
      "quote": "En 2023, votre année de référence, Sanofi a touché 108 millions d’euros de crédit d’impôt recherche (CIR), soit moins de 5 % des 2,5 milliards d’euros que nous investissons en R&D sur le territoire français, à quoi s’ajoutent 17,7 millions d’euros de mécénat, 7,4 millions d’euros d’exonérations et d’allègements de cotisations – soit 0,4 % de notre masse salariale en France –, 12,2 millions d’euros de bonus apprentissage – nous avons 1 800 apprentis –, et 5 millions d’euros d’aide sur projets"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "sanofi-mecenat-2023",
    "label": "Sanofi: tax relief on sponsorship, 2023",
    "value": 17.7,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax reduction on corporate philanthropy.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat, commission d'enquête sur les aides publiques aux grandes entreprises",
      "title": "Rapport n° 808 (2024-2025), tome II, hearings",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/r24-808-2/r24-808-21.pdf",
      "location": "p. 378, Charles Wolf, director for France, 26 March 2025",
      "published": "8 July 2025",
      "quote": "En 2023, votre année de référence, Sanofi a touché 108 millions d’euros de crédit d’impôt recherche (CIR), soit moins de 5 % des 2,5 milliards d’euros que nous investissons en R&D sur le territoire français, à quoi s’ajoutent 17,7 millions d’euros de mécénat, 7,4 millions d’euros d’exonérations et d’allègements de cotisations – soit 0,4 % de notre masse salariale en France –, 12,2 millions d’euros de bonus apprentissage – nous avons 1 800 apprentis –, et 5 millions d’euros d’aide sur projets"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "sanofi-reductions-2023",
    "label": "Sanofi: contribution reductions, 2023",
    "value": 7.4,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Social-contribution exemptions and reductions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat, commission d'enquête sur les aides publiques aux grandes entreprises",
      "title": "Rapport n° 808 (2024-2025), tome II, hearings",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/r24-808-2/r24-808-21.pdf",
      "location": "p. 378, Charles Wolf, director for France, 26 March 2025",
      "published": "8 July 2025",
      "quote": "En 2023, votre année de référence, Sanofi a touché 108 millions d’euros de crédit d’impôt recherche (CIR), soit moins de 5 % des 2,5 milliards d’euros que nous investissons en R&D sur le territoire français, à quoi s’ajoutent 17,7 millions d’euros de mécénat, 7,4 millions d’euros d’exonérations et d’allègements de cotisations – soit 0,4 % de notre masse salariale en France –, 12,2 millions d’euros de bonus apprentissage – nous avons 1 800 apprentis –, et 5 millions d’euros d’aide sur projets"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "sanofi-apprentices-2023",
    "label": "Sanofi: apprenticeship bonus, 2023",
    "value": 12.2,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Hiring aid for its 1,800 apprentices.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat, commission d'enquête sur les aides publiques aux grandes entreprises",
      "title": "Rapport n° 808 (2024-2025), tome II, hearings",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/r24-808-2/r24-808-21.pdf",
      "location": "p. 378, Charles Wolf, director for France, 26 March 2025",
      "published": "8 July 2025",
      "quote": "En 2023, votre année de référence, Sanofi a touché 108 millions d’euros de crédit d’impôt recherche (CIR), soit moins de 5 % des 2,5 milliards d’euros que nous investissons en R&D sur le territoire français, à quoi s’ajoutent 17,7 millions d’euros de mécénat, 7,4 millions d’euros d’exonérations et d’allègements de cotisations – soit 0,4 % de notre masse salariale en France –, 12,2 millions d’euros de bonus apprentissage – nous avons 1 800 apprentis –, et 5 millions d’euros d’aide sur projets"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "sanofi-projects-2023",
    "label": "Sanofi: project aid, 2023",
    "value": 5,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Aid to specific projects.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat, commission d'enquête sur les aides publiques aux grandes entreprises",
      "title": "Rapport n° 808 (2024-2025), tome II, hearings",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/r24-808-2/r24-808-21.pdf",
      "location": "p. 378, Charles Wolf, director for France, 26 March 2025",
      "published": "8 July 2025",
      "quote": "En 2023, votre année de référence, Sanofi a touché 108 millions d’euros de crédit d’impôt recherche (CIR), soit moins de 5 % des 2,5 milliards d’euros que nous investissons en R&D sur le territoire français, à quoi s’ajoutent 17,7 millions d’euros de mécénat, 7,4 millions d’euros d’exonérations et d’allègements de cotisations – soit 0,4 % de notre masse salariale en France –, 12,2 millions d’euros de bonus apprentissage – nous avons 1 800 apprentis –, et 5 millions d’euros d’aide sur projets"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "lvmh-payouts-2024",
    "label": "LVMH: paid to shareholders, 2024",
    "value": 7084,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cash dividends and share buybacks paid during 2024, group-wide.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Dividends + share buybacks",
      "inputs": [
        "lvmh-dividends-2024",
        "lvmh-buybacks-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "lvmh-support-2023",
    "label": "LVMH: public support, 2023",
    "value": 275,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax credits (€64.5m), social aid (€193m) and press aid in France.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat, commission d'enquête sur les aides publiques aux grandes entreprises",
      "title": "Rapport n° 808 (2024-2025), tome III, hearings",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/r24-808-3/r24-808-31.pdf",
      "location": "p. 507, Cécile Cabanis, chief financial officer, 21 May 2025",
      "published": "8 July 2025",
      "quote": "En 2023, les aides ont atteint un total de 275 millions d’euros, qu’il convient de rapporter à une contribution fiscale de 3,8 milliards d’euros et à un montant d’investissement en France de 3,9 milliards d’euros."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "More than two thirds of the social aid is exemption of employer contributions on profit-sharing paid to employees, not low-wage relief."
  },
  {
    "id": "te-evaluations-lpfp",
    "label": "Evaluations carried out, of 11 required by the 2023-2027 law",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Evaluations required by articles 7 and 22 of the public-finance programming law 2023-2027 and done by the end of 2025.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Cour des comptes",
      "title": "Analyse de l'exécution budgétaire 2025, Dépenses fiscales",
      "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2026-04/NEB-2026-Depenses-fiscales.pdf",
      "location": "p. 40",
      "published": "April 2026",
      "quote": "Aucune des onze évaluations prévues par les articles 7 et 22 de la LPFP 2023-2027 n'avait été réalisée fin 2025."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "te-unbounded-2018-2022",
    "label": "New tax expenditures with no end date, 2018-2022, of 82 created",
    "value": 44,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax expenditures created while the 2018-2022 programming law required every new one to be limited to four years, that had no end date.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Cour des comptes",
      "title": "Analyse de l'exécution budgétaire 2023, Dépenses fiscales",
      "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2024-04/NEB-2023-Depenses-fiscales.pdf",
      "location": "pp. 36-37",
      "published": "April 2024",
      "quote": "sur les 82 dépenses fiscales créées sur la période de programmation, 44 n'étaient pas bornées, ce qui contrevenait à l'article 20 de la LPFP 2018-2022."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "te-200302",
    "label": "Research tax credit",
    "value": 7800,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax credit on firms' research spending (17,593 beneficiaries). Created in 1982, with no end date.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiche 200302, p. 106",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "te-110246",
    "label": "Tax credit for employing help at home",
    "value": 6420,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Credit of half the cost of employing someone at home (4.9 million households). Created in 2006, with no end date.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiche 110246, p. 59",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "te-520110",
    "label": "Pacte Dutreil",
    "value": 5000,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Partial exemption from inheritance and gift duties when a business is passed on. Created in 1999, with no end date.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiche 520110, p. 144",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Costed at €500m a year until 2024. The Cour des comptes: “Ce dispositif, jamais évalué depuis sa création il y a plus de vingt ans jusqu'au rapport de la Cour publié à l'automne 2025, illustre le défaut de mesure, de suivi et de connaissance qui caractérise de nombreuses dépenses fiscales.” (NEB 2026, p. 5)"
  },
  {
    "id": "te-120401",
    "label": "10% allowance on pensions",
    "value": 4803,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Income-tax allowance on pensions and retirement income (15.1 million households). Created in 1977, with no end date.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiche 120401, p. 78",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "te-120108",
    "label": "Profit-sharing and employee savings exemption",
    "value": 2890,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Income-tax exemption of profit-sharing, incentive schemes and company savings plans. Created in 1973, with no end date.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiche 120108, p. 67",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "te-pre1950",
    "label": "Created before 1950",
    "value": 7012,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "2024 cost of the 30 tax expenditures whose fiche gives a creation year in this period.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiches, fields “Création” and “Chiffrage 2024”",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "“Création” is the year the measure was first created; later recasting does not reset it. Computed by this site from the 465 fiches (pp. 47-212), published as tax-expenditures.csv; the parsed 2024 costs add up to the official €89,406 million. Measures costed “nc”, “ε” or “-” count as zero."
  },
  {
    "id": "te-1950s",
    "label": "Created in the 1950s",
    "value": 1128,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "2024 cost of the 9 tax expenditures whose fiche gives a creation year in this period.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiches, fields “Création” and “Chiffrage 2024”",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "“Création” is the year the measure was first created; later recasting does not reset it. Computed by this site from the 465 fiches (pp. 47-212), published as tax-expenditures.csv; the parsed 2024 costs add up to the official €89,406 million. Measures costed “nc”, “ε” or “-” count as zero."
  },
  {
    "id": "te-1960s",
    "label": "Created in the 1960s",
    "value": 3616,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "2024 cost of the 21 tax expenditures whose fiche gives a creation year in this period.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiches, fields “Création” and “Chiffrage 2024”",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "“Création” is the year the measure was first created; later recasting does not reset it. Computed by this site from the 465 fiches (pp. 47-212), published as tax-expenditures.csv; the parsed 2024 costs add up to the official €89,406 million. Measures costed “nc”, “ε” or “-” count as zero."
  },
  {
    "id": "te-1970s",
    "label": "Created in the 1970s",
    "value": 11602,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "2024 cost of the 32 tax expenditures whose fiche gives a creation year in this period.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiches, fields “Création” and “Chiffrage 2024”",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "“Création” is the year the measure was first created; later recasting does not reset it. Computed by this site from the 465 fiches (pp. 47-212), published as tax-expenditures.csv; the parsed 2024 costs add up to the official €89,406 million. Measures costed “nc”, “ε” or “-” count as zero."
  },
  {
    "id": "te-1980s",
    "label": "Created in the 1980s",
    "value": 14292,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "2024 cost of the 28 tax expenditures whose fiche gives a creation year in this period.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiches, fields “Création” and “Chiffrage 2024”",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "“Création” is the year the measure was first created; later recasting does not reset it. Computed by this site from the 465 fiches (pp. 47-212), published as tax-expenditures.csv; the parsed 2024 costs add up to the official €89,406 million. Measures costed “nc”, “ε” or “-” count as zero."
  },
  {
    "id": "te-1990s",
    "label": "Created in the 1990s",
    "value": 11883,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "2024 cost of the 43 tax expenditures whose fiche gives a creation year in this period.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiches, fields “Création” and “Chiffrage 2024”",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "“Création” is the year the measure was first created; later recasting does not reset it. Computed by this site from the 465 fiches (pp. 47-212), published as tax-expenditures.csv; the parsed 2024 costs add up to the official €89,406 million. Measures costed “nc”, “ε” or “-” count as zero."
  },
  {
    "id": "te-2000s",
    "label": "Created in the 2000s",
    "value": 23303,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "2024 cost of the 123 tax expenditures whose fiche gives a creation year in this period.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiches, fields “Création” and “Chiffrage 2024”",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "“Création” is the year the measure was first created; later recasting does not reset it. Computed by this site from the 465 fiches (pp. 47-212), published as tax-expenditures.csv; the parsed 2024 costs add up to the official €89,406 million. Measures costed “nc”, “ε” or “-” count as zero."
  },
  {
    "id": "te-2010s",
    "label": "Created in the 2010s",
    "value": 11627,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "2024 cost of the 117 tax expenditures whose fiche gives a creation year in this period.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiches, fields “Création” and “Chiffrage 2024”",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "“Création” is the year the measure was first created; later recasting does not reset it. Computed by this site from the 465 fiches (pp. 47-212), published as tax-expenditures.csv; the parsed 2024 costs add up to the official €89,406 million. Measures costed “nc”, “ε” or “-” count as zero."
  },
  {
    "id": "te-2020s",
    "label": "Created in the 2020s",
    "value": 4943,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "2024 cost of the 62 tax expenditures whose fiche gives a creation year in this period.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiches, fields “Création” and “Chiffrage 2024”",
      "published": "October 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "“Création” is the year the measure was first created; later recasting does not reset it. Computed by this site from the 465 fiches (pp. 47-212), published as tax-expenditures.csv; the parsed 2024 costs add up to the official €89,406 million. Measures costed “nc”, “ε” or “-” count as zero."
  },
  {
    "id": "te-before-2000",
    "label": "Share of the cost from measures created before 2000",
    "value": 55.40232199181263,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of tax expenditures created before 2000, as a share of the total.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(created before 1950 + 1950s + 1960s + 1970s + 1980s + 1990s) ÷ cost × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "te-pre1950",
        "te-1950s",
        "te-1960s",
        "te-1970s",
        "te-1980s",
        "te-1990s",
        "te-cost-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-reductions-large-share",
    "label": "Share of exempted contributions going to firms of 250+ employees",
    "value": 33.1,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Firms with 250 employees or more, by legal unit, as a share of all exempted employer contributions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "France Stratégie (mission Bozio-Wasmer), from Urssaf data",
      "title": "Les politiques d'exonérations de cotisations sociales : une inflexion nécessaire",
      "url": "https://www.strategie-plan.gouv.fr/files/2024-11/rapport_vffff_241003.pdf",
      "location": "Chapter 1, §5, Tableau 1.2, p. 72",
      "published": "3 October 2024",
      "quote": "en montant, les entreprises de 250 salariés et plus perçoivent tout de même un tiers des cotisations exonérées (pour 44,7 % de la masse salariale)."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "They pay 44.7% of the private-sector wage bill."
  },
  {
    "id": "aid-cice-2016",
    "label": "CICE, cost in 2016",
    "value": 18,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The competitiveness and employment tax credit on wages up to 2.5 times the minimum wage, replaced in 2019 by a cut in employer health contributions.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "France Stratégie, comité de suivi du CICE",
      "title": "Évaluation du CICE. Synthèse des travaux d'approfondissement",
      "url": "https://www.vie-publique.fr/files/rapport/pdf/276212.pdf",
      "location": "Résumé, p. 6",
      "published": "September 2020",
      "quote": "L'effet total reste estimé à 100 000 emplois environ, ce qui est faible, rapporté au coût du CICE – de l'ordre de 18 milliards d'euros en 2016."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-02",
    "caveat": "An order of magnitude stated by the evaluation committee."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-11-adults",
    "label": "Top 0.001% by wealth: adults",
    "value": 529.5695600034693,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of adults ranked in the group: the gap between its ranks times WID's adult population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × adults, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-1-adults",
    "label": "Bottom 61% by wealth: adults",
    "value": 32266323.48811116,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of adults ranked in the group: the gap between its ranks times WID's adult population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × adults, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p1p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p1p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p1p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P1, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 279595.6,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p1p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p1p100;2024;279595.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p60p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P60, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 626495.8,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p60p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p60p100;2024;626495.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p61p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P61, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 638469.6000000001,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p61p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p61p100;2024;638469.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p0p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P0, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": -842.4000000000001,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p0p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p0p100;2024;-842.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p1p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P1, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": -100.7,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p1p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p1p100;2024;-100.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p60p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P60, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 156617,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p60p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p60p100;2024;156617"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p61p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P61, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 161780.1,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p61p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p61p100;2024;161780.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-holdings-survey-top10",
    "label": "Net wealth of the richest 10%, survey share",
    "value": 7527.364154706889,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net wealth of the richest 10%: the share applied to households' net worth at the end of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net wealth held by the richest 10%, survey × Households: net worth ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-hvp24-netshare-top10",
        "wealth-households-b90"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The share and the total come from different sources: Insee's survey ranks households by gross wealth and reaches few of the largest fortunes, and the balance sheets value all households and the non-profit institutions serving them. This construction and the WID's describe different groups and are not the ends of a range."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp24-netshare-top10",
    "label": "Net wealth held by the richest 10%, survey",
    "value": 49.38699224060673,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of households' net wealth held by the richest 10%, households ranked by gross wealth, start of 2024, computed from the survey's means and debt ratios.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Mean gross wealth, richest 10% × (1 − Debts as a share of gross wealth, richest 10% ÷ 100) × 10% ÷ (Mean gross wealth, all households × (1 − Debts as a share of gross wealth, all households ÷ 100)) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-hvp24-mean-top10",
        "wealth-hvp24-debt-top10",
        "wealth-hvp24-mean-all",
        "wealth-hvp24-debt-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Households are ranked by gross wealth, not net. Surveys reach few of the largest fortunes, so the share at the top is understated."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp24-mean-top10",
    "label": "Mean gross wealth, richest 10%",
    "value": 1795600,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gross wealth (before debts) per household, households ranked by gross wealth, start of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024, enquête Histoire de vie et Patrimoine 2023-2024 (tableau PATBRUT)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842",
      "location": "PATBRUT, row 14, column B",
      "published": "26 February 2026",
      "quote": "Supérieur au 9e décile : 1795600"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp24-debt-top10",
    "label": "Debts as a share of gross wealth, richest 10%",
    "value": 10.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Households' debts as a share of their gross wealth, households ranked by gross wealth, start of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024, enquête Histoire de vie et Patrimoine 2023-2024 (tableau PATBRUT)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842",
      "location": "PATBRUT, row 14, column G",
      "published": "26 February 2026",
      "quote": "Supérieur au 9e décile : 10.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp24-mean-all",
    "label": "Mean gross wealth, all households",
    "value": 374900,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gross wealth (before debts) per household, households ranked by gross wealth, start of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024, enquête Histoire de vie et Patrimoine 2023-2024 (tableau PATBRUT)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842",
      "location": "PATBRUT, row 18, column B",
      "published": "26 February 2026",
      "quote": "Ensemble : 374900"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp24-debt-all",
    "label": "Debts as a share of gross wealth, all households",
    "value": 13.3,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Households' debts as a share of their gross wealth, households ranked by gross wealth, start of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024, enquête Histoire de vie et Patrimoine 2023-2024 (tableau PATBRUT)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842",
      "location": "PATBRUT, row 18, column G",
      "published": "26 February 2026",
      "quote": "Ensemble : 13.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-households-b90",
    "label": "Households: net worth",
    "value": 15241.5926,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Assets less liabilities (B.90), at the end of 2024. Households and the non-profit institutions serving them (sectors S14 and S15).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S14 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=B90 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0 + REF_SECTOR=S15 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=B90 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-top10-spending-years",
    "label": "Wealth of the richest 10% in years of public spending",
    "value": 5.1864607004790635,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The net wealth of the richest 10% at the end of 2024 divided by public spending in 2024: a stock against a year's flow.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net wealth of the richest 10%, WID share ÷ Public spending, 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-holdings-top10",
        "te-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-holdings-top10",
    "label": "Net wealth of the richest 10%, WID share",
    "value": 8675.435342669074,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the richest 10% of adults, ranked by net wealth with a couple's wealth split equally: WID's share times WID's own total, 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Share of net wealth above P90, WID × Net personal wealth, WID total ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-share-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's total of net personal wealth differs from Insee's balance-sheet total for households, which also counts non-profit institutions serving them. WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-nation-b90",
    "label": "National net worth",
    "value": 19922.245600000002,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net worth of the whole economy (S1, B.90) at the end of 2024: everything resident sectors own, less everything they owe to anyone, at market value.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S1 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=B90 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-m1-fr",
    "label": "Sight deposits in France (M1)",
    "value": 1265,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sight deposits held by French residents other than banks and central government, December 2024: the resident part of M1. Banknotes are issued for the euro area as a whole and are not split by country.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Banque de France",
      "title": "Stat Info, Monnaie et concours à l'économie, France, décembre 2024",
      "url": "https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/webstats/Monnaie_et_concours_a_leconomie_202412_20250128/FR_Stat_Info_Monnaie_et_concours_a_l%27economie_202412.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, p. 1",
      "published": "29 January 2025",
      "quote": "Dépôts à vue 1 265 [...] = Ressources résidentes incluses dans M1 1 265"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-m3-component",
    "label": "France's component of euro-area M3",
    "value": 3311,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Money held in France plus French banks' gross monetary liabilities to the rest of the euro area, less their monetary claims on it, December 2024: France's contribution to the euro area's M3.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Banque de France",
      "title": "Stat Info, Monnaie et concours à l'économie, France, décembre 2024",
      "url": "https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/webstats/Monnaie_et_concours_a_leconomie_202412_20250128/FR_Stat_Info_Monnaie_et_concours_a_l%27economie_202412.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, p. 1",
      "published": "29 January 2025",
      "quote": "Composante française de l'agrégat monétaire M3 de la zone euro 3 311"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-m3-ea",
    "label": "Euro-area M3",
    "value": 16764.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The euro area's broad money M3, December 2024, seasonally adjusted.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "European Central Bank",
      "title": "Monetary aggregate M3, stocks (BSI.M.U2.Y.V.M30.X.1.U2.2300.Z01.E)",
      "url": "https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/BSI/M.U2.Y.V.M30.X.1.U2.2300.Z01.E?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2024-12&endPeriod=2024-12",
      "location": "TIME_PERIOD 2024-12, OBS_VALUE 16764295 (EUR million)",
      "published": "2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-m3-resident",
    "label": "Money held in France (M3)",
    "value": 2979,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Sight deposits, savings accounts, deposits up to two years, money market fund shares, repurchase agreements and short debt securities held by French residents, December 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Banque de France",
      "title": "Stat Info, Monnaie et concours à l'économie, France, décembre 2024",
      "url": "https://www.banque-france.fr/system/files/webstats/Monnaie_et_concours_a_leconomie_202412_20250128/FR_Stat_Info_Monnaie_et_concours_a_l%27economie_202412.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau 1, p. 1",
      "published": "29 January 2025",
      "quote": "Total des ressources résidentes incluses dans M3 France 2 979"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hh-housing",
    "label": "Households: housing and land",
    "value": 8982.0893,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Dwellings and the land under buildings owned by households.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "dwellings + land under buildings",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-hh-n111",
        "wealth-hh-n2111"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hh-n111",
    "label": "Households: dwellings",
    "value": 4760.5898,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Dwellings owned by households (N.111), without the land.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S1M STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=N111 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hh-n2111",
    "label": "Households: land under buildings",
    "value": 4221.4995,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Land under buildings owned by households (N.2111), mostly under their dwellings.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S1M STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=N2111 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hh-other-real",
    "label": "Households: other non-financial assets",
    "value": 1275.2244999999984,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Business buildings and equipment of sole proprietors, farmland, valuables and the rest of households' non-financial assets.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "non-financial assets − housing and land",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-households-n",
        "wealth-hh-housing"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-households-n",
    "label": "Households: non-financial assets",
    "value": 10257.313799999998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Dwellings, other buildings, equipment, inventories, land and other non-financial assets, at market value. Households and the non-profit institutions serving them (sectors S14 and S15).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S14 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=N COUNTERPART_AREA=W0 + REF_SECTOR=S15 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=N COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hh-f2",
    "label": "Households: currency and deposits",
    "value": 2107.6241,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Banknotes, current accounts and savings accounts such as the Livret A (F.2).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S14 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=F2 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0 + REF_SECTOR=S15 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=F2 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hh-f62",
    "label": "Households: life insurance",
    "value": 1859.2382,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Life-insurance and annuity entitlements (F.62), all held by households proper (S14).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S14 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=F62 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hh-f51",
    "label": "Households: shares and other equity",
    "value": 1753.3172999999997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Listed and unlisted shares and other equity held directly (F.51), most of it unlisted family firms.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S14 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=F51 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0 + REF_SECTOR=S15 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=F51 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hh-f52",
    "label": "Households: investment fund shares",
    "value": 409.5163,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Shares in investment funds (F.52).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S14 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=F52 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0 + REF_SECTOR=S15 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=F52 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hh-other-fin",
    "label": "Households: other financial assets",
    "value": 958.2495000000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Bonds, loans granted, pension entitlements and other accounts receivable.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "financial assets − deposits − life insurance − shares − fund shares",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-households-fa",
        "wealth-hh-f2",
        "wealth-hh-f62",
        "wealth-hh-f51",
        "wealth-hh-f52"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-households-fa",
    "label": "Households: financial assets",
    "value": 7087.9454,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Deposits, securities, loans granted, shares, fund shares, life insurance and other claims held. Households and the non-profit institutions serving them (sectors S14 and S15).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S14 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=F COUNTERPART_AREA=W0 + REF_SECTOR=S15 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=F COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-households-fl",
    "label": "Households: liabilities",
    "value": 2103.6666,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Debts and other liabilities, including the shares a company has issued, which national accounts record as a liability to its owners. Households and the non-profit institutions serving them (sectors S14 and S15).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S14 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=C INSTR_ASSET=F COUNTERPART_AREA=W0 + REF_SECTOR=S15 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=C INSTR_ASSET=F COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hh-gross",
    "label": "Households: total assets",
    "value": 17345.259199999997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Non-financial and financial assets, before debts.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "non-financial assets + financial assets",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-households-n",
        "wealth-households-fa"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-nation-netfin",
    "label": "France: net financial assets",
    "value": -84.22679999999673,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Financial assets less liabilities.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "France: financial assets − France: liabilities",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-nation-fa",
        "wealth-nation-fl"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-nation-fa",
    "label": "France: financial assets",
    "value": 44996.8311,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Financial assets of all resident sectors (S1).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S1 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=F COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-nation-fl",
    "label": "France: liabilities",
    "value": 45081.0579,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Liabilities of all resident sectors (S1).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S1 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=C INSTR_ASSET=F COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-nation-n",
    "label": "France: non-financial assets",
    "value": 20006.4724,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Non-financial assets of all resident sectors (S1): dwellings, other buildings, equipment, land and the rest.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S1 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=N COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-nfc-b90",
    "label": "Non-financial companies: net worth",
    "value": 3862.522,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Assets less liabilities (B.90), at the end of 2024. Non-financial corporations (sector S11).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S11 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=B90 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-nfc-fl",
    "label": "Non-financial companies: liabilities",
    "value": 17310.018600000003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Debts and other liabilities, including the shares a company has issued, which national accounts record as a liability to its owners. Non-financial corporations (sector S11).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S11 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=C INSTR_ASSET=F COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-nfc-fa",
    "label": "Non-financial companies: financial assets",
    "value": 14757.168,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Deposits, securities, loans granted, shares, fund shares, life insurance and other claims held. Non-financial corporations (sector S11).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S11 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=F COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-nfc-n",
    "label": "Non-financial companies: non-financial assets",
    "value": 6415.3726,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Dwellings, other buildings, equipment, inventories, land and other non-financial assets, at market value. Non-financial corporations (sector S11).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S11 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=N COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-fc-b90",
    "label": "Banks and insurers: net worth",
    "value": 52.2068,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Assets less liabilities (B.90), at the end of 2024. Financial corporations: banks, insurers, funds and the central bank (sector S12).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S12 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=B90 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-fc-fl",
    "label": "Banks and insurers: liabilities",
    "value": 21888.3921,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Debts and other liabilities, including the shares a company has issued, which national accounts record as a liability to its owners. Financial corporations: banks, insurers, funds and the central bank (sector S12).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S12 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=C INSTR_ASSET=F COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-fc-fa",
    "label": "Banks and insurers: financial assets",
    "value": 21510.0867,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Deposits, securities, loans granted, shares, fund shares, life insurance and other claims held. Financial corporations: banks, insurers, funds and the central bank (sector S12).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S12 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=F COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-fc-n",
    "label": "Banks and insurers: non-financial assets",
    "value": 430.5122,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Dwellings, other buildings, equipment, inventories, land and other non-financial assets, at market value. Financial corporations: banks, insurers, funds and the central bank (sector S12).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S12 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=N COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-gg-b90",
    "label": "General government: net worth",
    "value": 765.9241999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Assets less liabilities (B.90), at the end of 2024. The State, local government and social security (sector S13).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S13 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=B90 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-gg-fl",
    "label": "General government: liabilities",
    "value": 3778.9806,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Debts and other liabilities, including the shares a company has issued, which national accounts record as a liability to its owners. The State, local government and social security (sector S13).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S13 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=C INSTR_ASSET=F COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-gg-fa",
    "label": "General government: financial assets",
    "value": 1641.631,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Deposits, securities, loans granted, shares, fund shares, life insurance and other claims held. The State, local government and social security (sector S13).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S13 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=F COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-gg-n",
    "label": "General government: non-financial assets",
    "value": 2903.2738,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Dwellings, other buildings, equipment, inventories, land and other non-financial assets, at market value. The State, local government and social security (sector S13).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S13 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=N COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hh-spending-years",
    "label": "Household wealth in years of public spending",
    "value": 9.111925558803382,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Households' net worth at the end of 2024 divided by public spending in 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Households: net worth ÷ Public spending, 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-households-b90",
        "te-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hh-share",
    "label": "Households' share of national net worth",
    "value": 76.50539455250967,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Households' net worth as a share of national net worth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Households: net worth ÷ National net worth × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-households-b90",
        "wealth-nation-b90"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-nation-gdp-years",
    "label": "National net worth in years of GDP",
    "value": 6.787271702359081,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "National net worth at the end of 2024 divided by GDP in 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "National net worth ÷ GDP, 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-nation-b90",
        "gdp-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-net-mean-u30",
    "label": "Mean net wealth, household head under 30",
    "value": 43200,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean net wealth of households by the age of the reference person, early 2021.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus et patrimoine des ménages, édition 2024, fiche 2.4 Patrimoine des ménages",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7941421/RPM2024-F26.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire 2, row 10, column B",
      "published": "October 2024",
      "quote": "Moins de 30 ans : 43200"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-net-mean-a30",
    "label": "Mean net wealth, household head aged 30 to 39",
    "value": 135500,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean net wealth of households by the age of the reference person, early 2021.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus et patrimoine des ménages, édition 2024, fiche 2.4 Patrimoine des ménages",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7941421/RPM2024-F26.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire 2, row 11, column B",
      "published": "October 2024",
      "quote": "30 à 39 ans : 135500"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-net-mean-a40",
    "label": "Mean net wealth, household head aged 40 to 49",
    "value": 251000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean net wealth of households by the age of the reference person, early 2021.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus et patrimoine des ménages, édition 2024, fiche 2.4 Patrimoine des ménages",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7941421/RPM2024-F26.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire 2, row 12, column B",
      "published": "October 2024",
      "quote": "40 à 49 ans : 251000"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-net-mean-a50",
    "label": "Mean net wealth, household head aged 50 to 59",
    "value": 350400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean net wealth of households by the age of the reference person, early 2021.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus et patrimoine des ménages, édition 2024, fiche 2.4 Patrimoine des ménages",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7941421/RPM2024-F26.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire 2, row 13, column B",
      "published": "October 2024",
      "quote": "50 à 59 ans : 350400"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-net-mean-a60",
    "label": "Mean net wealth, household head aged 60 to 69",
    "value": 361400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean net wealth of households by the age of the reference person, early 2021.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus et patrimoine des ménages, édition 2024, fiche 2.4 Patrimoine des ménages",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7941421/RPM2024-F26.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire 2, row 14, column B",
      "published": "October 2024",
      "quote": "60 à 69 ans : 361400"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-net-mean-a70",
    "label": "Mean net wealth, household head aged 70 or more",
    "value": 343800,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean net wealth of households by the age of the reference person, early 2021.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus et patrimoine des ménages, édition 2024, fiche 2.4 Patrimoine des ménages",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7941421/RPM2024-F26.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire 2, row 15, column B",
      "published": "October 2024",
      "quote": "70 ans ou plus : 343800"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-net-share-q1",
    "label": "Share of net wealth: Lowest quarter of incomes",
    "value": 8.546151039766508,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of households' net wealth held by this quarter of households ranked by disposable income, computed from the four means.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "mean of the quarter ÷ sum of the four means × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-net-mean-q1",
        "wealth-net-mean-q2",
        "wealth-net-mean-q3",
        "wealth-net-mean-q4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Assumes the four quarters hold the same number of households, as quartiles do. Households with a negative declared income are left out of the quartiles."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-net-mean-q1",
    "label": "Mean net wealth: Lowest quarter of incomes",
    "value": 93700,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean net wealth of households in this quarter of household disposable income, early 2021.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus et patrimoine des ménages, édition 2024, fiche 2.4 Patrimoine des ménages",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7941421/RPM2024-F26.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire 2, row 5, column B",
      "published": "October 2024",
      "quote": "Inférieur au 1er quartile : 93700"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-net-mean-q2",
    "label": "Mean net wealth: Second quarter",
    "value": 156400,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean net wealth of households in this quarter of household disposable income, early 2021.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus et patrimoine des ménages, édition 2024, fiche 2.4 Patrimoine des ménages",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7941421/RPM2024-F26.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire 2, row 6, column B",
      "published": "October 2024",
      "quote": "Du 1er au 2e quartile : 156400"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-net-mean-q3",
    "label": "Mean net wealth: Third quarter",
    "value": 246200,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean net wealth of households in this quarter of household disposable income, early 2021.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus et patrimoine des ménages, édition 2024, fiche 2.4 Patrimoine des ménages",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7941421/RPM2024-F26.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire 2, row 7, column B",
      "published": "October 2024",
      "quote": "Du 2e au 3e quartile : 246200"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-net-mean-q4",
    "label": "Mean net wealth: Highest quarter of incomes",
    "value": 600100,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean net wealth of households in this quarter of household disposable income, early 2021.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus et patrimoine des ménages, édition 2024, fiche 2.4 Patrimoine des ménages",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/7941421/RPM2024-F26.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire 2, row 8, column B",
      "published": "October 2024",
      "quote": "Supérieur au 3e quartile : 600100"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-net-share-q2",
    "label": "Share of net wealth: Second quarter",
    "value": 14.264866836920831,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of households' net wealth held by this quarter of households ranked by disposable income, computed from the four means.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "mean of the quarter ÷ sum of the four means × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-net-mean-q1",
        "wealth-net-mean-q2",
        "wealth-net-mean-q3",
        "wealth-net-mean-q4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Assumes the four quarters hold the same number of households, as quartiles do. Households with a negative declared income are left out of the quartiles."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-net-share-q3",
    "label": "Share of net wealth: Third quarter",
    "value": 22.45530828164903,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of households' net wealth held by this quarter of households ranked by disposable income, computed from the four means.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "mean of the quarter ÷ sum of the four means × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-net-mean-q1",
        "wealth-net-mean-q2",
        "wealth-net-mean-q3",
        "wealth-net-mean-q4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Assumes the four quarters hold the same number of households, as quartiles do. Households with a negative declared income are left out of the quartiles."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-net-share-q4",
    "label": "Share of net wealth: Highest quarter of incomes",
    "value": 54.733673841663624,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of households' net wealth held by this quarter of households ranked by disposable income, computed from the four means.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "mean of the quarter ÷ sum of the four means × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-net-mean-q1",
        "wealth-net-mean-q2",
        "wealth-net-mean-q3",
        "wealth-net-mean-q4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Assumes the four quarters hold the same number of households, as quartiles do. Households with a negative declared income are left out of the quartiles."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp-top1",
    "label": "Wealth held by the best-endowed 1% of households",
    "value": 15,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of all households' gross wealth (before debts) held by the group, households ranked by gross wealth, early 2021 (Histoire de vie et Patrimoine survey).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Début 2021, 92 % des avoirs patrimoniaux sont détenus par la moitié des ménages, Insee Focus n° 287",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6689022/if287.xlsx",
      "location": "Figure 1, row 8, column E",
      "published": "January 2023",
      "quote": "Les 1% les mieux dotés : 15"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-share-p99p100",
    "label": "Share of net wealth above P99, WID",
    "value": 27.68,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of net personal wealth held by the adults above this rank, as WID publishes it, to four decimals.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable shwealj992, percentile p99p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;shwealj992;p99p100;2024;0.2768"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-middle40",
    "label": "Wealth held by the next 40% of adults",
    "value": 35.28,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of net personal wealth held by adults between the median and the top 10%, 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "100 − Wealth held by the poorest half of adults − Share of net wealth above P90, WID",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-bottom50",
        "wealth-wid-share-p90p100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp-bottom50",
    "label": "Wealth held by the least-endowed half of households",
    "value": 8,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of all households' gross wealth (before debts) held by the group, households ranked by gross wealth, early 2021 (Histoire de vie et Patrimoine survey).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "100 − Wealth held by the best-endowed half of households",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-hvp-top50"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp-top50",
    "label": "Wealth held by the best-endowed half of households",
    "value": 92,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of all households' gross wealth (before debts) held by the group, households ranked by gross wealth, early 2021 (Histoire de vie et Patrimoine survey).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Début 2021, 92 % des avoirs patrimoniaux sont détenus par la moitié des ménages, Insee Focus n° 287",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6689022/if287.xlsx",
      "location": "Figure 1, row 5, column E",
      "published": "January 2023",
      "quote": "Les 50 % les mieux dotés : 92"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp-middle40",
    "label": "Wealth held by the next 40% of households",
    "value": 45,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of all households' gross wealth (before debts) held by the group, households ranked by gross wealth, early 2021 (Histoire de vie et Patrimoine survey).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Wealth held by the best-endowed half of households − Wealth held by the best-endowed 10% of households",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-hvp-top50",
        "wealth-hvp-top10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp-top10",
    "label": "Wealth held by the best-endowed 10% of households",
    "value": 47,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of all households' gross wealth (before debts) held by the group, households ranked by gross wealth, early 2021 (Histoire de vie et Patrimoine survey).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Début 2021, 92 % des avoirs patrimoniaux sont détenus par la moitié des ménages, Insee Focus n° 287",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6689022/if287.xlsx",
      "location": "Figure 1, row 6, column E",
      "published": "January 2023",
      "quote": "Les 10 % les mieux dotés : 47"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-500-share-wid",
    "label": "The 500 largest fortunes, as a share of WID's total",
    "value": 8.47595966029954,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Challenges' estimate of the wealth of the 500 largest fortunes divided by WID's total of net personal wealth: a comparison for context. It is neither a point of WID's ranking nor a test of it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Wealth of the 500 largest fortunes ÷ Net personal wealth, WID total × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-500-fortunes",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A magazine's ranking of fortunes, as the Senate report cites it, compared with WID's adults ranked by net personal wealth with a couple's wealth split equally. The units differ, and the valuations may too."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-500-fortunes",
    "label": "Wealth of the 500 largest fortunes",
    "value": 1228,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The wealth of the 500 largest fortunes in France in 2024, as the magazine Challenges ranks them: the base Gabriel Zucman applied his estimate to.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat",
      "title": "Rapport n° 689 (2024-2025) de M. Emmanuel Capus sur la proposition de loi instaurant un impôt plancher de 2 % sur le patrimoine des ultrariches",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/l24-689/l24-6891.pdf",
      "location": "p. 41",
      "published": "4 June 2025",
      "quote": "Appliqué à un patrimoine de 1 228 milliards d'euros, cela représente un rendement de l'ordre de 20 milliards d'euros."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "A magazine's ranking, as the Senate report cites it. It is not an official statistic."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-tail-xi",
    "label": "Shape of a tail fitted to WID's last three ranks",
    "value": 0.9536588829695211,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The generalized Pareto shape of the parabola through WID's last three published ranks; near 1, it makes the tail's mean almost unbounded, so the page uses a strict Pareto tail instead.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Generalized Pareto tail above P99.999: coefficient b = average above it ÷ wealth at it; shape from the parabola through φ = −log (share above) at the last three published ranks, x = −log (1 − rank)",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.998p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.997p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p99.998p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P99.998, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 827875334.2,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p99.998p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p99.998p100;2024;827875334.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p99.997p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P99.997, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 579880854.2,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p99.997p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p99.997p100;2024;579880854.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-inside",
    "label": "Adults holding 1% of net wealth, Pareto tail",
    "value": 19.1109399115086,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "The number of the richest adults who together hold this share of WID's total, continuing the ranking above P99.999, WID's last published rank, as a strict Pareto tail with WID's coefficient there.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(1 − the rank above which a Pareto tail of coefficient b holds the share ÷ the share above P99.999) × adults",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-tail-b",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-tail-assumed"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "A modelling assumption beyond WID's data. The count depends on the tail assumed, and the generalized tail fitted to WID's last three published ranks would put the same share in fewer than one adult. A count of adults from such a curve has no literal meaning for a population of a few hundred people."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-tail-b",
    "label": "Inverted Pareto coefficient above P99.999",
    "value": 1.9327666240622337,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net wealth above P99.999 over the wealth at P99.999, from WID's own figures.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Generalized Pareto tail above P99.999: coefficient b = average above it ÷ wealth at it; shape from the parabola through φ = −log (share above) at the last three published ranks, x = −log (1 − rank)",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.998p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.997p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-tail-assumed",
    "label": "Assumed shape of the tail above P99.999",
    "value": 0.4826069596037267,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "The generalized Pareto shape assumed above WID's last published rank: that of a strict Pareto tail with WID's coefficient there, 1 − 1 ÷ b.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "assumption",
      "rationale": "WID publishes nothing above P99.999; a strict Pareto tail keeps WID's own coefficient at its last rank, where the tail fitted to the last three ranks has a shape near 1 and an almost unbounded mean."
    },
    "retrieved": ""
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-1-mean",
    "label": "Bottom 61% by wealth: mean net wealth",
    "value": 44901.41239591646,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's wealth divided by its adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of the total × WID's total ÷ adults",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p1p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p1p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-1-from",
    "label": "Bottom 61% by wealth: net wealth at its lowest rank",
    "value": -832.6183038711549,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at the group's lowest rank, in current 2024 euros: an approximation, interpolated linearly between WID's published thresholds.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "WID's threshold at the lower rank, interpolated, × WID's price index for 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p1p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p1p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-1-adults-pct",
    "label": "Bottom 61% by wealth: share of adults",
    "value": 60.92933945846729,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's adults as a share of all adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × 100, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p1p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p1p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-1-share",
    "label": "Bottom 61% by wealth: share of net wealth",
    "value": 9.999999999999998,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The share of WID's total net personal wealth the group holds, fixed by construction: the groups are cut so that each holds a tenth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "by construction",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p1p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p1p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-2-mean",
    "label": "Top 25–39% by wealth: mean net wealth",
    "value": 199561.15771951355,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's wealth divided by its adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of the total × WID's total ÷ adults",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p74p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P74, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 857772.2000000001,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p74p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p74p100;2024;857772.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p75p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P75, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 882156.8,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p75p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p75p100;2024;882156.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p74p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P74, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 244979.3,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p74p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p74p100;2024;244979.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p75p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P75, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 252171.6,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p75p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p75p100;2024;252171.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-2-from",
    "label": "Top 25–39% by wealth: net wealth at its lowest rank",
    "value": 159540.96682829122,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at the group's lowest rank, in current 2024 euros: an approximation, interpolated linearly between WID's published thresholds.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "WID's threshold at the lower rank, interpolated, × WID's price index for 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-2-adults-pct",
    "label": "Top 25–39% by wealth: share of adults",
    "value": 13.709147758506468,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's adults as a share of all adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × 100, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-2-adults",
    "label": "Top 25–39% by wealth: adults",
    "value": 7259947.346447256,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of adults ranked in the group: the gap between its ranks times WID's adult population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × adults, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-2-share",
    "label": "Top 25–39% by wealth: share of net wealth",
    "value": 9.999999999999998,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The share of WID's total net personal wealth the group holds, fixed by construction: the groups are cut so that each holds a tenth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "by construction",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p60p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p61p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-3-mean",
    "label": "Top 16–25% by wealth: mean net wealth",
    "value": 303633.7222772122,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's wealth divided by its adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of the total × WID's total ÷ adults",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p83p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P83, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 1153747.4,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p83p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p83p100;2024;1153747.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p84p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P84, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 1202924.5,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p84p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p84p100;2024;1202924.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p83p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P83, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 361076.3,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p83p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p83p100;2024;361076.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p84p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P84, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 379307,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p84p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p84p100;2024;379307"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-3-from",
    "label": "Top 16–25% by wealth: net wealth at its lowest rank",
    "value": 246673.5423070341,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at the group's lowest rank, in current 2024 euros: an approximation, interpolated linearly between WID's published thresholds.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "WID's threshold at the lower rank, interpolated, × WID's price index for 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-3-adults-pct",
    "label": "Top 16–25% by wealth: share of adults",
    "value": 9.010242266627023,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's adults as a share of all adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × 100, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-3-adults",
    "label": "Top 16–25% by wealth: adults",
    "value": 4771550.032631075,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of adults ranked in the group: the gap between its ranks times WID's adult population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × adults, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-3-share",
    "label": "Top 16–25% by wealth: share of net wealth",
    "value": 10.000000000000009,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The share of WID's total net personal wealth the group holds, fixed by construction: the groups are cut so that each holds a tenth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "by construction",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p74p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p75p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-4-mean",
    "label": "Top 10–16% by wealth: mean net wealth",
    "value": 435078.63129970874,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's wealth divided by its adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of the total × WID's total ÷ adults",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p89p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P89, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 1555432.3,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p89p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p89p100;2024;1555432.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p90p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P90, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 1657386.6,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p90p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p90p100;2024;1657386.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p89p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P89, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 494878.7,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p89p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p89p100;2024;494878.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p90p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P90, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 557474.4,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p90p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p90p100;2024;557474.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-4-from",
    "label": "Top 10–16% by wealth: net wealth at its lowest rank",
    "value": 368573.05373475375,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at the group's lowest rank, in current 2024 euros: an approximation, interpolated linearly between WID's published thresholds.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "WID's threshold at the lower rank, interpolated, × WID's price index for 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-4-adults-pct",
    "label": "Top 10–16% by wealth: share of adults",
    "value": 6.288089557197374,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's adults as a share of all adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × 100, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-4-adults",
    "label": "Top 10–16% by wealth: adults",
    "value": 3329980.820045608,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of adults ranked in the group: the gap between its ranks times WID's adult population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × adults, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-4-share",
    "label": "Top 10–16% by wealth: share of net wealth",
    "value": 9.999999999999998,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The share of WID's total net personal wealth the group holds, fixed by construction: the groups are cut so that each holds a tenth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "by construction",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p83p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p84p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-5-mean",
    "label": "Top 5.8–10% by wealth: mean net wealth",
    "value": 644735.4279996519,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's wealth divided by its adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of the total × WID's total ÷ adults",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p94p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P94, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 2331983.2,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p94p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p94p100;2024;2331983.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p95p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P95, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 2629470.1,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p95p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p95p100;2024;2629470.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p94p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P94, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 758744.1000000001,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p94p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p94p100;2024;758744.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p95p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P95, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 887166,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p95p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p95p100;2024;887166"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-5-from",
    "label": "Top 5.8–10% by wealth: net wealth at its lowest rank",
    "value": 547092.2407152012,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at the group's lowest rank, in current 2024 euros: an approximation, interpolated linearly between WID's published thresholds.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "WID's threshold at the lower rank, interpolated, × WID's price index for 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-5-adults-pct",
    "label": "Top 5.8–10% by wealth: share of adults",
    "value": 4.243311720163301,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's adults as a share of all adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × 100, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-5-adults",
    "label": "Top 5.8–10% by wealth: adults",
    "value": 2247128.7205897225,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of adults ranked in the group: the gap between its ranks times WID's adult population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × adults, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-5-share",
    "label": "Top 5.8–10% by wealth: share of net wealth",
    "value": 9.999999999999998,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The share of WID's total net personal wealth the group holds, fixed by construction: the groups are cut so that each holds a tenth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "by construction",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p89p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p90p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-6-mean",
    "label": "Top 3.1–5.8% by wealth: mean net wealth",
    "value": 991925.5464350535,
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    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's wealth divided by its adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of the total × WID's total ÷ adults",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p96p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P96, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 3038197,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p96p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p96p100;2024;3038197"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p97p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P97, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 3666876.3,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p97p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p97p100;2024;3666876.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p96p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P96, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 1035553.7,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p96p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p96p100;2024;1035553.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p97p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P97, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 1218639,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p97p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p97p100;2024;1218639"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-6-from",
    "label": "Top 3.1–5.8% by wealth: net wealth at its lowest rank",
    "value": 772797.9152857914,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at the group's lowest rank, in current 2024 euros: an approximation, interpolated linearly between WID's published thresholds.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "WID's threshold at the lower rank, interpolated, × WID's price index for 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-6-adults-pct",
    "label": "Top 3.1–5.8% by wealth: share of adults",
    "value": 2.758083414494006,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's adults as a share of all adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × 100, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-6-adults",
    "label": "Top 3.1–5.8% by wealth: adults",
    "value": 1460597.0202568884,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of adults ranked in the group: the gap between its ranks times WID's adult population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × adults, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-6-share",
    "label": "Top 3.1–5.8% by wealth: share of net wealth",
    "value": 9.999999999999998,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The share of WID's total net personal wealth the group holds, fixed by construction: the groups are cut so that each holds a tenth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "by construction",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p94p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p95p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-7-mean",
    "label": "Top 1.3–3.1% by wealth: mean net wealth",
    "value": 1576899.8345653457,
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    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's wealth divided by its adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of the total × WID's total ÷ adults",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p98p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P98, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 4813263.600000001,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p98p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p98p100;2024;4813263.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p99p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P99, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 7661625.7,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p99p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p99p100;2024;7661625.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p98p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P98, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 1610696.5,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p98p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p98p100;2024;1610696.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p99p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P99, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 2253056.5,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p99p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p99p100;2024;2253056.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-7-from",
    "label": "Top 1.3–3.1% by wealth: net wealth at its lowest rank",
    "value": 1193307.805666684,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at the group's lowest rank, in current 2024 euros: an approximation, interpolated linearly between WID's published thresholds.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "WID's threshold at the lower rank, interpolated, × WID's price index for 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-7-adults-pct",
    "label": "Top 1.3–3.1% by wealth: share of adults",
    "value": 1.7349316285453997,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's adults as a share of all adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × 100, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-7-adults",
    "label": "Top 1.3–3.1% by wealth: adults",
    "value": 918766.9791588708,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of adults ranked in the group: the gap between its ranks times WID's adult population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × adults, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-7-share",
    "label": "Top 1.3–3.1% by wealth: share of net wealth",
    "value": 10.000000000000004,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The share of WID's total net personal wealth the group holds, fixed by construction: the groups are cut so that each holds a tenth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "by construction",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p97p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-8-mean",
    "label": "Top 0.4–1.3% by wealth: mean net wealth",
    "value": 2884950.0296912696,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's wealth divided by its adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of the total × WID's total ÷ adults",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p99.6p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P99.6, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 14102616.2,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p99.6p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p99.6p100;2024;14102616.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p99.7p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P99.7, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 17169718.6,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p99.7p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p99.7p100;2024;17169718.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p99.6p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P99.6, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 4405125,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p99.6p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p99.6p100;2024;4405125"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p99.7p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P99.7, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 5282614,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p99.7p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p99.7p100;2024;5282614"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-8-from",
    "label": "Top 0.4–1.3% by wealth: net wealth at its lowest rank",
    "value": 2019374.5923993634,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at the group's lowest rank, in current 2024 euros: an approximation, interpolated linearly between WID's published thresholds.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "WID's threshold at the lower rank, interpolated, × WID's price index for 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-8-adults-pct",
    "label": "Top 0.4–1.3% by wealth: share of adults",
    "value": 0.9483052981434814,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's adults as a share of all adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × 100, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-8-adults",
    "label": "Top 0.4–1.3% by wealth: adults",
    "value": 502193.61948351224,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of adults ranked in the group: the gap between its ranks times WID's adult population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × adults, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-8-share",
    "label": "Top 0.4–1.3% by wealth: share of net wealth",
    "value": 9.999999999999998,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The share of WID's total net personal wealth the group holds, fixed by construction: the groups are cut so that each holds a tenth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "by construction",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p98p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-9-mean",
    "label": "Top 0.03–0.4% by wealth: mean net wealth",
    "value": 7962058.488935706,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's wealth divided by its adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of the total × WID's total ÷ adults",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p99.96p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P99.96, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 71710888.2,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p99.96p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p99.96p100;2024;71710888.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-avg-p99.97p100",
    "label": "Average net wealth above P99.97, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 88991771.10000001,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average net personal wealth of the adults above this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable ahwealj992, percentile p99.97p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;ahwealj992;p99.97p100;2024;88991771.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p99.96p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P99.96, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 17887722,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p99.96p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p99.96p100;2024;17887722"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-thr-p99.97p100",
    "label": "Net wealth at P99.97, WID, 2025 euros",
    "value": 21192432,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at this rank, adults ranked by net wealth, a couple's wealth split equally.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable thwealj992, percentile p99.97p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;thwealj992;p99.97p100;2024;21192432"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-9-from",
    "label": "Top 0.03–0.4% by wealth: net wealth at its lowest rank",
    "value": 4540019.388847448,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at the group's lowest rank, in current 2024 euros: an approximation, interpolated linearly between WID's published thresholds.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "WID's threshold at the lower rank, interpolated, × WID's price index for 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-9-adults-pct",
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    "value": 0.3436062924979999,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's adults as a share of all adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × 100, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
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    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-9-adults",
    "label": "Top 0.03–0.4% by wealth: adults",
    "value": 181963.43313139712,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of adults ranked in the group: the gap between its ranks times WID's adult population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × adults, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-9-share",
    "label": "Top 0.03–0.4% by wealth: share of net wealth",
    "value": 10,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The share of WID's total net personal wealth the group holds, fixed by construction: the groups are cut so that each holds a tenth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "by construction",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.6p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.7p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-10-mean",
    "label": "Top 0.001–0.03% by wealth: mean net wealth",
    "value": 35648677.358124524,
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    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's wealth divided by its adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "share of the total × WID's total ÷ adults",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-10-from",
    "label": "Top 0.001–0.03% by wealth: net wealth at its lowest rank",
    "value": 19331930.509425893,
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    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at the group's lowest rank, in current 2024 euros: an approximation, interpolated linearly between WID's published thresholds.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "WID's threshold at the lower rank, interpolated, × WID's price index for 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-10-adults-pct",
    "label": "Top 0.001–0.03% by wealth: share of adults",
    "value": 0.03394260535765081,
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    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's adults as a share of all adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × 100, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-10-adults",
    "label": "Top 0.001–0.03% by wealth: adults",
    "value": 17974.970584504783,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Number of adults ranked in the group: the gap between its ranks times WID's adult population.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × adults, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-10-share",
    "label": "Top 0.001–0.03% by wealth: share of net wealth",
    "value": 4.422849116675664,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The share of WID's total the group holds: the top tenth is cut at P99.999, WID's last published rank, and the share above it is read from WID's average there.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "average above P99.999 × 0.001% ÷ mean, and the rest",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.96p100",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.97p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-11-from",
    "label": "Top 0.001% by wealth: net wealth at its lowest rank",
    "value": 789440568.8952942,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the adult at the group's lowest rank, in current 2024 euros: an approximation, interpolated linearly between WID's published thresholds.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "WID's threshold at the lower rank, interpolated, × WID's price index for 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-bucket-11-adults-pct",
    "label": "Top 0.001% by wealth: share of adults",
    "value": 0.0010000000000065512,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The group's adults as a share of all adults.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(upper rank − lower rank) × 100, with the ranks where the share of the total above reaches the group's bounds, interpolated linearly between WID's published ranks",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-adults",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p0p100",
        "wealth-wid-avg-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-index-2024",
        "wealth-wid-thr-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-ifi-2024",
    "label": "Real-estate wealth tax (IFI)",
    "value": 2.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross receipts of the impôt sur la fortune immobilière, the tax on net real estate above €1.3m that replaced the wealth tax in 2018.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Cour des comptes",
      "title": "Analyse de l'exécution budgétaire 2025, Recettes fiscales",
      "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2026-04/NEB-2026-Recettes-fiscales.pdf",
      "location": "Tableau n° 14, p. 28",
      "published": "April 2026",
      "quote": "Impôt sur la fortune immobilière 2,7 2,8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-isf-2017",
    "label": "Wealth tax (ISF) receipts, 2017",
    "value": 4.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2017,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Receipts of the impôt de solidarité sur la fortune in its last year, before it was replaced by the real-estate wealth tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "France Stratégie",
      "title": "Comité d'évaluation des réformes de la fiscalité du capital, rapport final",
      "url": "https://www.strategie-plan.gouv.fr/files/files/Publications/Rapport/fs-2023-rapport-isf-quatrieme_rapport_complet_17octobre_2.pdf",
      "location": "Avis, p. 12-13",
      "published": "October 2023",
      "quote": "En 2017, les recettes de l'ISF se sont élevées à 4,2 milliards d'euros"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-levy-critic-high",
    "label": "Yield of the minimum tax counting corporate tax, high",
    "value": 3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The same calculation, upper figure.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat",
      "title": "Rapport n° 689 (2024-2025) de M. Emmanuel Capus sur la proposition de loi instaurant un impôt plancher de 2 % sur le patrimoine des ultrariches",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/l24-689/l24-6891.pdf",
      "location": "p. 41",
      "published": "4 June 2025",
      "quote": "selon les calculs de M. Levy, celui-ci n'atteindrait plus que 2 ou 3 milliards d'euros"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-levy-critic-low",
    "label": "Yield of the minimum tax counting corporate tax, low",
    "value": 2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The yearly yield of the same minimum tax if the corporate tax paid by the companies these households own were deducted as tax already paid, in Antoine Levy's calculation heard by the Senate rapporteur.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat",
      "title": "Rapport n° 689 (2024-2025) de M. Emmanuel Capus sur la proposition de loi instaurant un impôt plancher de 2 % sur le patrimoine des ultrariches",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/l24-689/l24-6891.pdf",
      "location": "p. 41",
      "published": "4 June 2025",
      "quote": "selon les calculs de M. Levy, celui-ci n'atteindrait plus que 2 ou 3 milliards d'euros"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-500-2pct",
    "label": "2% of the 500 largest fortunes, before taxes already paid",
    "value": 24.56,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rate of the minimum tax times the wealth of the 500 largest fortunes: the mechanical yield before deducting the taxes they already pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Rate of the minimum tax × Wealth of the 500 largest fortunes ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-zucman-rate",
        "wealth-500-fortunes"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-zucman-rate",
    "label": "Rate of the minimum tax",
    "value": 2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The rate of the minimum tax on fortunes above €100m proposed in 2025 (the \"taxe Zucman\"), before the taxes already paid are deducted.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat",
      "title": "Rapport n° 689 (2024-2025) de M. Emmanuel Capus sur la proposition de loi instaurant un impôt plancher de 2 % sur le patrimoine des ultrariches",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/l24-689/l24-6891.pdf",
      "location": "p. 7",
      "published": "4 June 2025",
      "quote": "le montant résultant de l'application d'un taux de 2 % à la valeur nette taxable du patrimoine du redevable"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-zucman-paid",
    "label": "Direct taxes the 500 largest fortunes pay, Zucman's estimate",
    "value": 0.3,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Personal direct taxes paid by the largest fortunes as a share of their wealth, in Zucman's estimate as the Senate report gives it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat",
      "title": "Rapport n° 689 (2024-2025) de M. Emmanuel Capus sur la proposition de loi instaurant un impôt plancher de 2 % sur le patrimoine des ultrariches",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/l24-689/l24-6891.pdf",
      "location": "p. 41",
      "published": "4 June 2025",
      "quote": "les impôts directs qu'ils payent représentent de l'ordre de 0,3 % de ce patrimoine en moyenne"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-zucman-yield",
    "label": "Yield of the minimum tax, Zucman's estimate",
    "value": 20,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Gabriel Zucman's estimate of the yearly yield of a 2% minimum tax on fortunes above €100m, net of the taxes these households already pay, as the Senate report gives it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Sénat",
      "title": "Rapport n° 689 (2024-2025) de M. Emmanuel Capus sur la proposition de loi instaurant un impôt plancher de 2 % sur le patrimoine des ultrariches",
      "url": "https://www.senat.fr/rap/l24-689/l24-6891.pdf",
      "location": "p. 41",
      "published": "4 June 2025",
      "quote": "Appliqué à un patrimoine de 1 228 milliards d'euros, cela représente un rendement de l'ordre de 20 milliards d'euros."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "He gives a range of €15bn to €25bn, for 1,600 to 1,800 tax households (Senate report, p. 41)."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-cae-expat-1.2",
    "label": "Long-run emigration of the top 1%, CAE high",
    "value": 1.2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the top 1% of capital-income recipients who would leave France in the long run after a tax increase of 5.2 points on them raising €4bn, the CAE's larger scenario; the two figures bound its estimate.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Conseil d'analyse économique",
      "title": "Fiscalité du capital : quels sont les effets de l'exil fiscal sur l'économie ?, Focus n° 118 (Bach, Bozio, Grimprel, Guillouzouic, Landais, Malgouyres)",
      "url": "https://www.cae-eco.fr/static/pdf/Focus_118_emigration_fiscale_250725_v2.pdf",
      "location": "p. 10",
      "published": "25 July 2025",
      "quote": "notre second scénario (+5,2 pp, 4 milliards de recettes) entraînerait l'expatriation de 0,12 à 1,2 % du top 1 %."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Estimated for a reform raising €4bn a year that leaves business assets out, not for a levy of this size; no source read here estimates the response to one."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-cae-expat-0.12",
    "label": "Long-run emigration of the top 1%, CAE low",
    "value": 0.12,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the top 1% of capital-income recipients who would leave France in the long run after a tax increase of 5.2 points on them raising €4bn, the CAE's larger scenario; the two figures bound its estimate.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Conseil d'analyse économique",
      "title": "Fiscalité du capital : quels sont les effets de l'exil fiscal sur l'économie ?, Focus n° 118 (Bach, Bozio, Grimprel, Guillouzouic, Landais, Malgouyres)",
      "url": "https://www.cae-eco.fr/static/pdf/Focus_118_emigration_fiscale_250725_v2.pdf",
      "location": "p. 10",
      "published": "25 July 2025",
      "quote": "notre second scénario (+5,2 pp, 4 milliards de recettes) entraînerait l'expatriation de 0,12 à 1,2 % du top 1 %."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Estimated for a reform raising €4bn a year that leaves business assets out, not for a levy of this size; no source read here estimates the response to one."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp24-financial-top10",
    "label": "Financial assets in the gross wealth of the richest 10%",
    "value": 24,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of financial assets in the gross wealth of the richest 10%, households ranked by gross wealth, start of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024, enquête Histoire de vie et Patrimoine 2023-2024 (tableau PATBRUT)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842",
      "location": "PATBRUT, row 14, column D",
      "published": "26 February 2026",
      "quote": "Supérieur au 9e décile : 24"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp24-financial-top1",
    "label": "Financial assets in the gross wealth of the richest 1%",
    "value": 27.2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of financial assets in the gross wealth of the richest 1%, households ranked by gross wealth, start of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024, enquête Histoire de vie et Patrimoine 2023-2024 (tableau PATBRUT)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842",
      "location": "PATBRUT, row 17, column D",
      "published": "26 February 2026",
      "quote": "Supérieur au 99ᵉ centile : 27.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp24-debt-top1",
    "label": "Debts as a share of gross wealth, richest 1%",
    "value": 9.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Households' debts as a share of their gross wealth, households ranked by gross wealth, start of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024, enquête Histoire de vie et Patrimoine 2023-2024 (tableau PATBRUT)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842",
      "location": "PATBRUT, row 17, column G",
      "published": "26 February 2026",
      "quote": "Supérieur au 99ᵉ centile : 9.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-debt-2024",
    "label": "Public debt, end of 2024",
    "value": 3306096.7,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross consolidated debt of general government at the end of 2024, at face value (Maastricht debt), whoever holds it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10dd_ggd",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "GD",
        "maturity": "TOTAL",
        "sector2": "S1_S2"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-06-05T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": false,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10dd_ggd?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=GD&maturity=TOTAL&sector2=S1_S2&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp24-professional-top10",
    "label": "Professional assets in the gross wealth of the richest 10%",
    "value": 18.8,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of professional assets in the gross wealth of the richest 10%, households ranked by gross wealth, start of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024, enquête Histoire de vie et Patrimoine 2023-2024 (tableau PATBRUT)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842",
      "location": "PATBRUT, row 14, column E",
      "published": "26 February 2026",
      "quote": "Supérieur au 9e décile : 18.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp24-professional-top1",
    "label": "Professional assets in the gross wealth of the richest 1%",
    "value": 35.8,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of professional assets in the gross wealth of the richest 1%, households ranked by gross wealth, start of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024, enquête Histoire de vie et Patrimoine 2023-2024 (tableau PATBRUT)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842",
      "location": "PATBRUT, row 17, column E",
      "published": "26 February 2026",
      "quote": "Supérieur au 99ᵉ centile : 35.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-levy-rate",
    "label": "Levy rate",
    "value": 20,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "The rate of the levy, applied to the group's net wealth.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "assumption",
      "rationale": "A default rate of 20%, for illustration; the reader can change it."
    },
    "retrieved": ""
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-holdings-survey-top1",
    "label": "Net wealth of the richest 1%, survey share",
    "value": 2438.0889271816764,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net wealth of the richest 1%: the share applied to households' net worth at the end of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net wealth held by the richest 1%, survey × Households: net worth ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-hvp24-netshare-top1",
        "wealth-households-b90"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The share and the total come from different sources: Insee's survey ranks households by gross wealth and reaches few of the largest fortunes, and the balance sheets value all households and the non-profit institutions serving them. This construction and the WID's describe different groups and are not the ends of a range."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp24-netshare-top1",
    "label": "Net wealth held by the richest 1%, survey",
    "value": 15.996287206769171,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of households' net wealth held by the richest 1%, households ranked by gross wealth, start of 2024, computed from the survey's means and debt ratios.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Mean gross wealth, richest 1% × (1 − Debts as a share of gross wealth, richest 1% ÷ 100) × 1% ÷ (Mean gross wealth, all households × (1 − Debts as a share of gross wealth, all households ÷ 100)) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-hvp24-mean-top1",
        "wealth-hvp24-debt-top1",
        "wealth-hvp24-mean-all",
        "wealth-hvp24-debt-all"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Households are ranked by gross wealth, not net. Surveys reach few of the largest fortunes, so the share at the top is understated."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-hvp24-mean-top1",
    "label": "Mean gross wealth, richest 1%",
    "value": 5745200,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gross wealth (before debts) per household, households ranked by gross wealth, start of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Patrimoine et endettement des ménages en 2024, enquête Histoire de vie et Patrimoine 2023-2024 (tableau PATBRUT)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/8736842",
      "location": "PATBRUT, row 17, column B",
      "published": "26 February 2026",
      "quote": "Supérieur au 99ᵉ centile : 5745200"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-holdings-top1",
    "label": "Net wealth of the richest 1%, WID share",
    "value": 4010.288080913159,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the richest 1% of adults, ranked by net wealth with a couple's wealth split equally: WID's share times WID's own total, 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Share of net wealth above P99, WID × Net personal wealth, WID total ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-share-p99p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's total of net personal wealth differs from Insee's balance-sheet total for households, which also counts non-profit institutions serving them. WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-holdings-top01",
    "label": "Net wealth of the richest 0.1%, WID share",
    "value": 1932.7038655845931,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the richest 0.1% of adults, ranked by net wealth with a couple's wealth split equally: WID's share times WID's own total, 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Share of net wealth above P99.9, WID × Net personal wealth, WID total ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-share-p99.9p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's total of net personal wealth differs from Insee's balance-sheet total for households, which also counts non-profit institutions serving them. WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-share-p99.9p100",
    "label": "Share of net wealth above P99.9, WID",
    "value": 13.34,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of net personal wealth held by the adults above this rank, as WID publishes it, to four decimals.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable shwealj992, percentile p99.9p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;shwealj992;p99.9p100;2024;0.1334"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-holdings-top001",
    "label": "Net wealth of the richest 0.01%, WID share",
    "value": 1102.539461551631,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the richest 0.01% of adults, ranked by net wealth with a couple's wealth split equally: WID's share times WID's own total, 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Share of net wealth above P99.99, WID × Net personal wealth, WID total ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-share-p99.99p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's total of net personal wealth differs from Insee's balance-sheet total for households, which also counts non-profit institutions serving them. WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-share-p99.99p100",
    "label": "Share of net wealth above P99.99, WID",
    "value": 7.61,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of net personal wealth held by the adults above this rank, as WID publishes it, to four decimals.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable shwealj992, percentile p99.99p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;shwealj992;p99.99p100;2024;0.0761"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-holdings-top0001",
    "label": "Net wealth of the richest 0.001%, WID share",
    "value": 808.4323515713666,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Net personal wealth of the richest 0.001% of adults, ranked by net wealth with a couple's wealth split equally: WID's share times WID's own total, 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Share of net wealth above P99.999, WID × Net personal wealth, WID total ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-wid-share-p99.999p100",
        "wealth-wid-total"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's total of net personal wealth differs from Insee's balance-sheet total for households, which also counts non-profit institutions serving them. WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-wid-share-p99.999p100",
    "label": "Share of net wealth above P99.999, WID",
    "value": 5.58,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of net personal wealth held by the adults above this rank, as WID publishes it, to four decimals.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "World Inequality Database",
      "title": "WID bulk data, France (WID_data_FR.csv in wid_all_data.zip)",
      "url": "https://wid.world/bulk_download/wid_all_data.zip",
      "location": "variable shwealj992, percentile p99.999p100, year 2024",
      "published": "9 September 2026",
      "quote": "FR;shwealj992;p99.999p100;2024;0.0558"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "WID's series for France follow Garbinti, Goupille-Lebret and Piketty to 2014 and are extended with distributional financial accounts since. WID publishes amounts in euros at constant prices of 2025, the year its national income price index is 1; the page converts them to current 2024 euros with that index for 2024."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-levy-financial",
    "label": "Levy as a share of the richest 10%'s financial assets",
    "value": 74.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "The levy divided by the financial assets of the richest 10% (deposits, securities, life insurance) at their recorded value, on the survey's composition: a ratio of recorded values. It says nothing about cash at hand.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levy rate × (1 − Debts as a share of gross wealth, richest 10% ÷ 100) ÷ Financial assets in the gross wealth of the richest 10% × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-levy-rate",
        "wealth-hvp24-debt-top10",
        "wealth-hvp24-financial-top10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-levy-spending-survey",
    "label": "Levy yield in years of public spending, survey",
    "value": 0.9000211937392175,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "The levy's yield divided by public spending in 2024: how many years of spending it equals.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levy yield, survey share ÷ Public spending, 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-levy-yield-survey",
        "te-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-levy-yield-survey",
    "label": "Levy yield, survey share",
    "value": 1505.4728309413779,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "The levy's mechanical yield: the rate times the group's net wealth, with no change in behaviour, valuation or collection.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levy rate × Net wealth of the richest 10%, survey share ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-levy-rate",
        "wealth-holdings-survey-top10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-levy-spending",
    "label": "Levy yield in years of public spending",
    "value": 1.0372921400958128,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "The levy's yield divided by public spending in 2024: how many years of spending it equals.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levy yield, WID share ÷ Public spending, 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-levy-yield",
        "te-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-levy-yield",
    "label": "Levy yield, WID share",
    "value": 1735.0870685338148,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "The levy's mechanical yield: the rate times the group's net wealth, with no change in behaviour, valuation or collection.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levy rate × Net wealth of the richest 10%, WID share ÷ 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-levy-rate",
        "wealth-holdings-top10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-levy-deficit-survey",
    "label": "Levy yield in years of the 2024 deficit, survey",
    "value": 8.901902463079812,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "The levy's yield divided by the 2024 deficit: how many years of that deficit it equals.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levy yield, survey share ÷ Borrowing",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-levy-yield-survey",
        "borrowing-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-levy-deficit",
    "label": "Levy yield in years of the 2024 deficit",
    "value": 10.259617796875762,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "The levy's yield divided by the 2024 deficit: how many years of that deficit it equals.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levy yield, WID share ÷ Borrowing",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-levy-yield",
        "borrowing-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-levy-debt-survey",
    "label": "Levy yield as a share of the debt, survey",
    "value": 45.53626126366412,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "The levy's yield as a share of public debt at the end of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levy yield, survey share ÷ Public debt, end of 2024 × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-levy-yield-survey",
        "wealth-debt-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-levy-debt",
    "label": "Levy yield as a share of the debt",
    "value": 52.48143735583459,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "hypothetical",
    "definition": "The levy's yield as a share of public debt at the end of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Levy yield, WID share ÷ Public debt, end of 2024 × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-levy-yield",
        "wealth-debt-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-repay-rate-survey",
    "label": "One-off rate whose yield equals the debt, survey share",
    "value": 43.92104104506071,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The one-off rate on the richest 10%'s net wealth whose mechanical yield equals public debt at the end of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Public debt, end of 2024 ÷ Net wealth of the richest 10%, survey share × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-debt-2024",
        "wealth-holdings-survey-top10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-repay-rate",
    "label": "One-off rate whose yield equals the debt, WID share",
    "value": 38.10871235175214,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The one-off rate on the richest 10%'s net wealth whose mechanical yield equals public debt at the end of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Public debt, end of 2024 ÷ Net wealth of the richest 10%, WID share × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-debt-2024",
        "wealth-holdings-top10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-top10-spending-years-survey",
    "label": "Wealth of the richest 10% in years of public spending, survey",
    "value": 4.500105968696087,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The net wealth of the richest 10% at the end of 2024 divided by public spending in 2024: a stock against a year's flow.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net wealth of the richest 10%, survey share ÷ Public spending, 2024",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-holdings-survey-top10",
        "te-2024"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-d42-in",
    "label": "Dividends received from abroad",
    "value": 124673,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Dividends and withdrawals (D.42) paid by the rest of the world to French residents.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "nasa_10_nf_tr",
      "filters": {
        "freq": "A",
        "unit": "CP_MEUR",
        "direct": "PAID",
        "na_item": "D42",
        "sector": "S2",
        "geo": "FR"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-10-07T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nasa_10_nf_tr?format=JSON&lang=EN&freq=A&unit=CP_MEUR&direct=PAID&na_item=D42&sector=S2&geo=FR&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-d42-abroad",
    "label": "Dividends paid abroad",
    "value": 70227,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Dividends and withdrawals from companies (D.42) received by the rest of the world from France: what French companies pay their foreign owners.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "nasa_10_nf_tr",
      "filters": {
        "freq": "A",
        "unit": "CP_MEUR",
        "direct": "RECV",
        "na_item": "D42",
        "sector": "S2",
        "geo": "FR"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-10-07T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nasa_10_nf_tr?format=JSON&lang=EN&freq=A&unit=CP_MEUR&direct=RECV&na_item=D42&sector=S2&geo=FR&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-gifts-share",
    "label": "Gifts in the flow passed on",
    "value": 45,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2006,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of the wealth passed on in a year that is given during life rather than inherited at death, in 2006, the last year with tax records for both.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Conseil d'analyse économique",
      "title": "Repenser l'héritage : analyses supplémentaires, Focus n° 077-2021",
      "url": "https://www.cae-eco.fr/static/pdf/cae-focus077.pdf",
      "location": "p. 5",
      "published": "December 2021",
      "quote": "En 2006, près de 45 % des flux annuels de transmission provenaient de donations, contre environ 20 % en 1984."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-inherit-top1",
    "label": "Average lifetime inheritance of the top 1% of heirs",
    "value": 4200000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Average inheritance, net of duties, of the 1% of a cohort who inherit the most over their life.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Conseil d'analyse économique",
      "title": "Repenser l'héritage, note n° 69 (Dherbécourt, Fack, Landais, Stantcheva)",
      "url": "https://www.cae-eco.fr/static/pdf/cae-note069s.pdf",
      "location": "p. 3",
      "published": "December 2021",
      "quote": "le top 1 % des héritiers d'une génération recevra en moyenne plus de 4,2 millions d'euros nets de droits"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-inherit-half",
    "label": "Lifetime inheritance of the lower half of a cohort, at most",
    "value": 70000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Half of the people born in the same year inherit less than this over their whole life, many of them nothing.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Conseil d'analyse économique",
      "title": "Repenser l'héritage, note n° 69 (Dherbécourt, Fack, Landais, Stantcheva)",
      "url": "https://www.cae-eco.fr/static/pdf/cae-note069s.pdf",
      "location": "p. 3",
      "published": "December 2021",
      "quote": "Au sein d'une cohorte, 50 % des individus auront hérité de moins de 70 000 euros de patrimoine tout au long de leur vie"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-flow-d10",
    "label": "Capital income received, Top 10%",
    "value": 215.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net financial income, rents and retained profits received by this tenth of people ranked by living standard, 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, Top 10% + Rents, actual and imputed, Top 10% + Profits kept in companies, Top 10%",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-d10",
        "wealth-rents-d10",
        "wealth-retained-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-d10",
    "label": "Net financial income, Top 10%",
    "value": 77.89999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, V19 + Net financial income, V20",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-v19",
        "wealth-financial-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v19",
    "label": "Net financial income, V19",
    "value": 15.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column U",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V19 : 15.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v20",
    "label": "Net financial income, V20",
    "value": 62.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column V",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V20 : 62.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-d10",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, Top 10%",
    "value": 36.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Rents, actual and imputed, V19 + Rents, actual and imputed, V20",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-rents-v19",
        "wealth-rents-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v19",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V19",
    "value": 14.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column U",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V19 : 14.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v20",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V20",
    "value": 21.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column V",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V20 : 21.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-d10",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, Top 10%",
    "value": 100.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Profits kept in companies, V19 + Profits kept in companies, V20",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-retained-v19",
        "wealth-retained-v20"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v19",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V19",
    "value": 10.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column U",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V19 : 10.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v20",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V20",
    "value": 90.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column V",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V20 : 90.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-flow-financial",
    "label": "Net financial income, sum of the tenths",
    "value": 133.89999999999998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The flow as the sum of what each tenth receives, which may differ from Insee's published total by rounding.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, Bottom 10% + Net financial income, Bottom 10–20% + Net financial income, Bottom 20–30% + Net financial income, Bottom 30–40% + Net financial income, Bottom 40–50% + Net financial income, Top 40–50% + Net financial income, Top 30–40% + Net financial income, Top 20–30% + Net financial income, Top 10–20% + Net financial income, Top 10%",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-d1",
        "wealth-financial-d2",
        "wealth-financial-d3",
        "wealth-financial-d4",
        "wealth-financial-d5",
        "wealth-financial-d6",
        "wealth-financial-d7",
        "wealth-financial-d8",
        "wealth-financial-d9",
        "wealth-financial-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-d1",
    "label": "Net financial income, Bottom 10%",
    "value": 1.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, V1 + Net financial income, V2",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-v1",
        "wealth-financial-v2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v1",
    "label": "Net financial income, V1",
    "value": 1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column C",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V1 : 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v2",
    "label": "Net financial income, V2",
    "value": 0.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column D",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V2 : 0.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-d2",
    "label": "Net financial income, Bottom 10–20%",
    "value": 2.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, V3 + Net financial income, V4",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-v3",
        "wealth-financial-v4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v3",
    "label": "Net financial income, V3",
    "value": 1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column E",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V3 : 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v4",
    "label": "Net financial income, V4",
    "value": 1.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column F",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V4 : 1.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-d3",
    "label": "Net financial income, Bottom 20–30%",
    "value": 3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, V5 + Net financial income, V6",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-v5",
        "wealth-financial-v6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v5",
    "label": "Net financial income, V5",
    "value": 1.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column G",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V5 : 1.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v6",
    "label": "Net financial income, V6",
    "value": 1.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column H",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V6 : 1.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-d4",
    "label": "Net financial income, Bottom 30–40%",
    "value": 3.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, V7 + Net financial income, V8",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-v7",
        "wealth-financial-v8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v7",
    "label": "Net financial income, V7",
    "value": 1.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column I",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V7 : 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v8",
    "label": "Net financial income, V8",
    "value": 1.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column J",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V8 : 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-d5",
    "label": "Net financial income, Bottom 40–50%",
    "value": 4.300000000000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, V9 + Net financial income, V10",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-v9",
        "wealth-financial-v10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v9",
    "label": "Net financial income, V9",
    "value": 2.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column K",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V9 : 2.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v10",
    "label": "Net financial income, V10",
    "value": 2.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column L",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V10 : 2.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-d6",
    "label": "Net financial income, Top 40–50%",
    "value": 5.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, V11 + Net financial income, V12",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-v11",
        "wealth-financial-v12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v11",
    "label": "Net financial income, V11",
    "value": 2.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column M",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V11 : 2.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v12",
    "label": "Net financial income, V12",
    "value": 3.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column N",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V12 : 3.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-d7",
    "label": "Net financial income, Top 30–40%",
    "value": 7.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, V13 + Net financial income, V14",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-v13",
        "wealth-financial-v14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v13",
    "label": "Net financial income, V13",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column O",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V13 : 3.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v14",
    "label": "Net financial income, V14",
    "value": 4.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column P",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V14 : 4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-d8",
    "label": "Net financial income, Top 20–30%",
    "value": 10.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, V15 + Net financial income, V16",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-v15",
        "wealth-financial-v16"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v15",
    "label": "Net financial income, V15",
    "value": 4.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column Q",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V15 : 4.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v16",
    "label": "Net financial income, V16",
    "value": 5.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column R",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V16 : 5.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-d9",
    "label": "Net financial income, Top 10–20%",
    "value": 17,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, V17 + Net financial income, V18",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-v17",
        "wealth-financial-v18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v17",
    "label": "Net financial income, V17",
    "value": 7.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column S",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V17 : 7.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-v18",
    "label": "Net financial income, V18",
    "value": 9.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column T",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), V18 : 9.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-flow-rents",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, sum of the tenths",
    "value": 166.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The flow as the sum of what each tenth receives, which may differ from Insee's published total by rounding.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 10% + Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 10–20% + Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 20–30% + Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 30–40% + Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 40–50% + Rents, actual and imputed, Top 40–50% + Rents, actual and imputed, Top 30–40% + Rents, actual and imputed, Top 20–30% + Rents, actual and imputed, Top 10–20% + Rents, actual and imputed, Top 10%",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-rents-d1",
        "wealth-rents-d2",
        "wealth-rents-d3",
        "wealth-rents-d4",
        "wealth-rents-d5",
        "wealth-rents-d6",
        "wealth-rents-d7",
        "wealth-rents-d8",
        "wealth-rents-d9",
        "wealth-rents-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-d1",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 10%",
    "value": 6.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Rents, actual and imputed, V1 + Rents, actual and imputed, V2",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-rents-v1",
        "wealth-rents-v2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v1",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V1",
    "value": 3.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column C",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V1 : 3.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v2",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V2",
    "value": 3.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column D",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V2 : 3.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-d2",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 10–20%",
    "value": 7.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Rents, actual and imputed, V3 + Rents, actual and imputed, V4",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-rents-v3",
        "wealth-rents-v4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v3",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V3",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column E",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V3 : 3.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v4",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V4",
    "value": 3.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column F",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V4 : 3.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-d3",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 20–30%",
    "value": 10.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Rents, actual and imputed, V5 + Rents, actual and imputed, V6",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-rents-v5",
        "wealth-rents-v6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v5",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V5",
    "value": 5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column G",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V5 : 5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v6",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V6",
    "value": 5.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column H",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V6 : 5.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-d4",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 30–40%",
    "value": 12.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Rents, actual and imputed, V7 + Rents, actual and imputed, V8",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-rents-v7",
        "wealth-rents-v8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v7",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V7",
    "value": 6.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column I",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V7 : 6.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v8",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V8",
    "value": 6.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column J",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V8 : 6.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-d5",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 40–50%",
    "value": 13.899999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Rents, actual and imputed, V9 + Rents, actual and imputed, V10",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-rents-v9",
        "wealth-rents-v10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v9",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V9",
    "value": 6.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column K",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V9 : 6.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v10",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V10",
    "value": 7.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column L",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V10 : 7.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-d6",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, Top 40–50%",
    "value": 16,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Rents, actual and imputed, V11 + Rents, actual and imputed, V12",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-rents-v11",
        "wealth-rents-v12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v11",
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    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column M",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V11 : 7.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v12",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V12",
    "value": 8.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column N",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V12 : 8.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-d7",
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    "value": 18.299999999999997,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Rents, actual and imputed, V13 + Rents, actual and imputed, V14",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-rents-v13",
        "wealth-rents-v14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v13",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V13",
    "value": 8.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column O",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V13 : 8.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v14",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V14",
    "value": 9.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column P",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V14 : 9.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-d8",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, Top 20–30%",
    "value": 20.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Rents, actual and imputed, V15 + Rents, actual and imputed, V16",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-rents-v15",
        "wealth-rents-v16"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v15",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V15",
    "value": 9.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column Q",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V15 : 9.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v16",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V16",
    "value": 10.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column R",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V16 : 10.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-d9",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, Top 10–20%",
    "value": 24.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Rents, actual and imputed, V17 + Rents, actual and imputed, V18",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-rents-v17",
        "wealth-rents-v18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v17",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V17",
    "value": 11.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column S",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V17 : 11.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-v18",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, V18",
    "value": 12.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column T",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, V18 : 12.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-flow-retained",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, sum of the tenths",
    "value": 123.10000000000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The flow as the sum of what each tenth receives, which may differ from Insee's published total by rounding.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Profits kept in companies, Bottom 10% + Profits kept in companies, Bottom 10–20% + Profits kept in companies, Bottom 20–30% + Profits kept in companies, Bottom 30–40% + Profits kept in companies, Bottom 40–50% + Profits kept in companies, Top 40–50% + Profits kept in companies, Top 30–40% + Profits kept in companies, Top 20–30% + Profits kept in companies, Top 10–20% + Profits kept in companies, Top 10%",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-retained-d1",
        "wealth-retained-d2",
        "wealth-retained-d3",
        "wealth-retained-d4",
        "wealth-retained-d5",
        "wealth-retained-d6",
        "wealth-retained-d7",
        "wealth-retained-d8",
        "wealth-retained-d9",
        "wealth-retained-d10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-d1",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, Bottom 10%",
    "value": 1.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Profits kept in companies, V1 + Profits kept in companies, V2",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-retained-v1",
        "wealth-retained-v2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v1",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V1",
    "value": 0.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column C",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V1 : 0.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v2",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V2",
    "value": 0.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column D",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V2 : 0.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-d2",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, Bottom 10–20%",
    "value": 0.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Profits kept in companies, V3 + Profits kept in companies, V4",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-retained-v3",
        "wealth-retained-v4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v3",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V3",
    "value": 0.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column E",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V3 : 0.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v4",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V4",
    "value": 0.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column F",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V4 : 0.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-d3",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, Bottom 20–30%",
    "value": 1.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Profits kept in companies, V5 + Profits kept in companies, V6",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-retained-v5",
        "wealth-retained-v6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v5",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V5",
    "value": 0.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column G",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V5 : 0.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v6",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V6",
    "value": 0.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column H",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V6 : 0.8"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-d4",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, Bottom 30–40%",
    "value": 1.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Profits kept in companies, V7 + Profits kept in companies, V8",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-retained-v7",
        "wealth-retained-v8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v7",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V7",
    "value": 0.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column I",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V7 : 0.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v8",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V8",
    "value": 0.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column J",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V8 : 0.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-d5",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, Bottom 40–50%",
    "value": 1.2999999999999998,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Profits kept in companies, V9 + Profits kept in companies, V10",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-retained-v9",
        "wealth-retained-v10"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v9",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V9",
    "value": 0.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column K",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V9 : 0.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v10",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V10",
    "value": 0.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column L",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V10 : 0.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-d6",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, Top 40–50%",
    "value": 2.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Profits kept in companies, V11 + Profits kept in companies, V12",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-retained-v11",
        "wealth-retained-v12"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v11",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V11",
    "value": 1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column M",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V11 : 1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v12",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V12",
    "value": 1.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column N",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V12 : 1.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-d7",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, Top 30–40%",
    "value": 2.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Profits kept in companies, V13 + Profits kept in companies, V14",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-retained-v13",
        "wealth-retained-v14"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v13",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V13",
    "value": 1.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column O",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V13 : 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v14",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V14",
    "value": 1.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column P",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V14 : 1.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-d8",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, Top 20–30%",
    "value": 4.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Profits kept in companies, V15 + Profits kept in companies, V16",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-retained-v15",
        "wealth-retained-v16"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v15",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V15",
    "value": 1.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column Q",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V15 : 1.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v16",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V16",
    "value": 2.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column R",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V16 : 2.7"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-d9",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, Top 10–20%",
    "value": 7.199999999999999,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies. Received by the tenth of people ranked by living standard.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Profits kept in companies, V17 + Profits kept in companies, V18",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-retained-v17",
        "wealth-retained-v18"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v17",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V17",
    "value": 3.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column S",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V17 : 3.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-v18",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, V18",
    "value": 4.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column T",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), V18 : 4.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-flow-d1",
    "label": "Capital income received, Bottom 10%",
    "value": 9.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net financial income, rents and retained profits received by this tenth of people ranked by living standard, 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, Bottom 10% + Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 10% + Profits kept in companies, Bottom 10%",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-d1",
        "wealth-rents-d1",
        "wealth-retained-d1"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-flow-d2",
    "label": "Capital income received, Bottom 10–20%",
    "value": 10.3,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net financial income, rents and retained profits received by this tenth of people ranked by living standard, 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, Bottom 10–20% + Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 10–20% + Profits kept in companies, Bottom 10–20%",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-d2",
        "wealth-rents-d2",
        "wealth-retained-d2"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-flow-d3",
    "label": "Capital income received, Bottom 20–30%",
    "value": 15.100000000000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net financial income, rents and retained profits received by this tenth of people ranked by living standard, 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, Bottom 20–30% + Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 20–30% + Profits kept in companies, Bottom 20–30%",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-d3",
        "wealth-rents-d3",
        "wealth-retained-d3"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-flow-d4",
    "label": "Capital income received, Bottom 30–40%",
    "value": 17.200000000000003,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net financial income, rents and retained profits received by this tenth of people ranked by living standard, 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, Bottom 30–40% + Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 30–40% + Profits kept in companies, Bottom 30–40%",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-d4",
        "wealth-rents-d4",
        "wealth-retained-d4"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-flow-d5",
    "label": "Capital income received, Bottom 40–50%",
    "value": 19.5,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net financial income, rents and retained profits received by this tenth of people ranked by living standard, 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, Bottom 40–50% + Rents, actual and imputed, Bottom 40–50% + Profits kept in companies, Bottom 40–50%",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-d5",
        "wealth-rents-d5",
        "wealth-retained-d5"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-flow-d6",
    "label": "Capital income received, Top 40–50%",
    "value": 24.2,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net financial income, rents and retained profits received by this tenth of people ranked by living standard, 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, Top 40–50% + Rents, actual and imputed, Top 40–50% + Profits kept in companies, Top 40–50%",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-d6",
        "wealth-rents-d6",
        "wealth-retained-d6"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-flow-d7",
    "label": "Capital income received, Top 30–40%",
    "value": 28.199999999999996,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net financial income, rents and retained profits received by this tenth of people ranked by living standard, 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, Top 30–40% + Rents, actual and imputed, Top 30–40% + Profits kept in companies, Top 30–40%",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-d7",
        "wealth-rents-d7",
        "wealth-retained-d7"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-flow-d8",
    "label": "Capital income received, Top 20–30%",
    "value": 35.6,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net financial income, rents and retained profits received by this tenth of people ranked by living standard, 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, Top 20–30% + Rents, actual and imputed, Top 20–30% + Profits kept in companies, Top 20–30%",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-d8",
        "wealth-rents-d8",
        "wealth-retained-d8"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-flow-d9",
    "label": "Capital income received, Top 10–20%",
    "value": 48.7,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net financial income, rents and retained profits received by this tenth of people ranked by living standard, 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, Top 10–20% + Rents, actual and imputed, Top 10–20% + Profits kept in companies, Top 10–20%",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-d9",
        "wealth-rents-d9",
        "wealth-retained-d9"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-retained-2023",
    "label": "Profits kept in companies, all households",
    "value": 123.1,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The part of companies' profits that is not paid out, attributed to the households that own the companies.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 10, column B",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Profits des entreprises non distribués aux ménages (B), Ensemble : 123.1"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rents-2023",
    "label": "Rents, actual and imputed, all households",
    "value": 166.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Rents received by landlords and the rent owner-occupiers are deemed to pay themselves, net of costs.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 9, column B",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Loyers réels et imputés aux propriétaires, Ensemble : 166.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-financial-2023",
    "label": "Net financial income, all households",
    "value": 133.9,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Interest, dividends and other property income received by households, less the interest they pay.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Revenus des ménages élargis à l'ensemble de l'économie en 2023 (Insee Analyses n° 118)",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8974371/IA118.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau complémentaire, row 8, column B",
      "published": "16 April 2026",
      "quote": "Revenus financiers nets (intérêts, dividendes, etc.), Ensemble : 133.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rate-property",
    "label": "Property taxes per €10,000 of buildings and land",
    "value": 42.053974131707065,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Recurrent property taxes paid in 2024 for every €10,000 of buildings and the land under them, valued at the end of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Recurrent taxes on property ÷ Dwellings, other buildings and the land under them × 10,000",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-taxud-rp",
        "wealth-nation-buildings"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-taxud-rp",
    "label": "Recurrent taxes on property",
    "value": 58724,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Recurrent taxes on immovable property (DG TAXUD's RP), chiefly the taxe foncière paid by owners.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "European Commission, DG TAXUD",
      "title": "Data on taxation, taxes by economic function (TAX_EC_FUNC)",
      "url": "https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/redisstat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/TAX_EC_FUNC/?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=false",
      "location": "GEO=FR, EF=RP, UNIT=MIO_EUR, 2024",
      "published": "30 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-nation-buildings",
    "label": "Dwellings, other buildings and the land under them",
    "value": 13963.959700000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Dwellings, non-residential buildings and land under buildings of all resident sectors, at the end of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "dwellings + non-residential buildings + land under buildings",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-nation-n111",
        "wealth-nation-n1121",
        "wealth-nation-n2111"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-nation-n111",
    "label": "Dwellings",
    "value": 5951.6274,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Dwellings of all resident sectors (N.111), without the land.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S1 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=N111 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-nation-n1121",
    "label": "Non-residential buildings",
    "value": 968.2839,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Non-residential buildings of all resident sectors (N.1121).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S1 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=N1121 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-nation-n2111",
    "label": "Land under buildings",
    "value": 7044.048400000001,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Land under buildings of all resident sectors (N.2111).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Comptes de patrimoine, base 2020 (DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE)",
      "url": "https://api.insee.fr/melodi/file/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE/DD_CNA_PATRIMOINE_CSV_FR",
      "location": "REF_SECTOR=S1 STO=LE_N ACCOUNTING_ENTRY=D INSTR_ASSET=N2111 COUNTERPART_AREA=W0, end of 2024 (SD)",
      "published": "31 August 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rate-ifi",
    "label": "Real-estate wealth tax per €10,000 of households' housing",
    "value": 3.005982138253736,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The real-estate wealth tax paid in 2024 for every €10,000 of households' dwellings and land, valued at the end of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Real-estate wealth tax (IFI) ÷ Households: housing and land × 10,000",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-ifi-2024",
        "wealth-hh-housing"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "The tax falls only on households whose net real estate exceeds €1.3m: about 164,000 in 2022, taxed on €405bn (France Stratégie, 2023). The ratio sets the tax against all households' housing. It is not the rate those households pay."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rate-stocks",
    "label": "Taxes on the stock of capital per €10,000 of national net worth",
    "value": 54.58967938835167,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "All taxes on stocks of capital paid in 2024 for every €10,000 of national net worth at the end of 2024.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on the stock of capital ÷ National net worth × 10,000",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-taxud-ks",
        "wealth-nation-b90"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-taxud-ks",
    "label": "Taxes on the stock of capital",
    "value": 108754.9,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "All taxes on stocks of capital (DG TAXUD's KS): property taxes, inheritance and gift duties, the real-estate wealth tax and taxes on transactions in property.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "European Commission, DG TAXUD",
      "title": "Data on taxation, taxes by economic function (TAX_EC_FUNC)",
      "url": "https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/redisstat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/TAX_EC_FUNC/?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=false",
      "location": "GEO=FR, EF=KS, UNIT=MIO_EUR, 2024",
      "published": "30 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-taxud-kic",
    "label": "Taxes on companies' capital income",
    "value": 84713.8,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes on the capital income of corporations (DG TAXUD's KIC), chiefly the corporate income tax.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "European Commission, DG TAXUD",
      "title": "Data on taxation, taxes by economic function (TAX_EC_FUNC)",
      "url": "https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/redisstat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/TAX_EC_FUNC/?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=false",
      "location": "GEO=FR, EF=KIC, UNIT=MIO_EUR, 2024",
      "published": "30 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rate-financial",
    "label": "Taxes on capital income, as a share of financial income alone",
    "value": 42.20941000746826,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The same taxes as a share of households' net financial income alone, rents left out of the base.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on households' capital income ÷ Net financial income, all households × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-taxud-kih",
        "wealth-financial-2023"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "Unmatched like the ratio with rents: the taxes include those on actual rents and on capital gains, neither of which is in this base, and they are for 2024, the income for 2023."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-taxud-kih",
    "label": "Taxes on households' capital income",
    "value": 56518.4,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Taxes on the capital income of households (DG TAXUD's KIH): income tax and social levies on interest, dividends, rents and capital gains.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "European Commission, DG TAXUD",
      "title": "Data on taxation, taxes by economic function (TAX_EC_FUNC)",
      "url": "https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/redisstat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/TAX_EC_FUNC/?format=SDMX-CSV&compressed=false",
      "location": "GEO=FR, EF=KIH, UNIT=MIO_EUR, 2024",
      "published": "30 March 2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-rate-income",
    "label": "Taxes on capital income, as a share of financial and rental income",
    "value": 18.789361702127657,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Taxes on households' capital income in 2024 as a share of their net financial income and rents, actual and imputed, in 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Taxes on households' capital income ÷ Households' financial and rental income × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-taxud-kih",
        "wealth-income-base"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14",
    "caveat": "An aggregate ratio that no household pays, because the numerator and the base do not match. The base includes imputed rents, which are not taxed and which Insee does not publish apart from actual rents here; the taxes include those on capital gains, which are not in the base; and the taxes are for 2024, the income for 2023."
  },
  {
    "id": "wealth-income-base",
    "label": "Households' financial and rental income",
    "value": 300.8,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Net financial income and rents, actual and imputed, received by households in 2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "Net financial income, all households + Rents, actual and imputed, all households",
      "inputs": [
        "wealth-financial-2023",
        "wealth-rents-2023"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
    "id": "criteria-permanence",
    "label": "Share of public money with evidence on permanence",
    "value": 23.212166805097592,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Share of 2024 public money in lines where at least one causal study, or one of this site's evaluations, informs this criterion. A spending line is a broad category and counts in full when one study informs it, even about one of its measures: this is not the share of the money whose effect is known.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "sum of the informed lines / sum of all lines × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "register-GF0101",
        "register-GF0102",
        "register-GF0103",
        "register-GF0104",
        "register-GF0105",
        "register-GF0106",
        "register-GF0107",
        "register-GF0108",
        "register-GF0201",
        "register-GF0202",
        "register-GF0203",
        "register-GF0204",
        "register-GF0205",
        "register-GF0301",
        "register-GF0302",
        "register-GF0303",
        "register-GF0304",
        "register-GF0305",
        "register-GF0306",
        "register-GF0401",
        "register-GF0402",
        "register-GF0403",
        "register-GF0404",
        "register-GF0405",
        "register-GF0406",
        "register-GF0407",
        "register-GF0408",
        "register-GF0409",
        "register-GF0501",
        "register-GF0502",
        "register-GF0503",
        "register-GF0504",
        "register-GF0505",
        "register-GF0506",
        "register-GF0601",
        "register-GF0602",
        "register-GF0603",
        "register-GF0604",
        "register-GF0605",
        "register-GF0606",
        "register-GF0701",
        "register-GF0702",
        "register-GF0703",
        "register-GF0704",
        "register-GF0705",
        "register-GF0706",
        "register-GF0801",
        "register-GF0802",
        "register-GF0803",
        "register-GF0804",
        "register-GF0805",
        "register-GF0806",
        "register-GF0901",
        "register-GF0902",
        "register-GF0903",
        "register-GF0904",
        "register-GF0905",
        "register-GF0906",
        "register-GF0907",
        "register-GF0908",
        "register-GF1001",
        "register-GF1002",
        "register-GF1003",
        "register-GF1004",
        "register-GF1005",
        "register-GF1006",
        "register-GF1007",
        "register-GF1008",
        "register-GF1009",
        "register-te-100201",
        "register-te-110102",
        "register-te-110103",
        "register-te-110104",
        "register-te-110110",
        "register-te-110201",
        "register-te-110203",
        "register-te-110213",
        "register-te-110215",
        "register-te-110224",
        "register-te-110242",
        "register-te-110246",
        "register-te-110261",
        "register-te-110302",
        "register-te-120108",
        "register-te-120109",
        "register-te-120111",
        "register-te-120113",
        "register-te-120117",
        "register-te-120124",
        "register-te-120131",
        "register-te-120132",
        "register-te-120138",
        "register-te-120146",
        "register-te-120202",
        "register-te-120204",
        "register-te-120401",
        "register-te-120501",
        "register-te-120508",
        "register-te-130201",
        "register-te-140101",
        "register-te-140102",
        "register-te-140104",
        "register-te-140109",
        "register-te-140117",
        "register-te-140119",
        "register-te-170106",
        "register-te-200302",
        "register-te-200310",
        "register-te-200401",
        "register-te-210308",
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        "register-te-210325",
        "register-te-210326",
        "register-te-220104",
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        "register-te-320129",
        "register-te-320136",
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        "register-te-520110",
        "register-te-710103",
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        "register-te-730210",
        "register-te-730213",
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        "register-te-730223",
        "register-te-730230",
        "register-te-730231",
        "register-te-730306",
        "register-te-800201",
        "register-te-800216",
        "register-te-800221",
        "register-te-800229",
        "register-te-800401",
        "register-te-820203",
        "register-te-830201",
        "register-te-940102",
        "register-te-940103",
        "register-te-970105",
        "register-te-050202",
        "register-te-060201",
        "register-te-090112",
        "register-te-small-none",
        "register-te-small-studied",
        "register-se-general",
        "register-se-lodeom",
        "register-se-targeted",
        "register-se-base"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Each study is classified by this site from its quoted finding; every verdict cites the phrase it rests on, in literature/criteria.csv."
  },
  {
    "id": "goals-total",
    "label": "Official goals of the lines covered",
    "value": 155,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Distinct goals set by law or by the official performance framework (REPSS, PAP and RAP) for the spending lines covered.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Official goals matched to causal studies (data/literature)",
      "url": "literature/goals.csv",
      "location": "all rows",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Goals are grouped from the quoted objectives, and each study is matched to a goal by this site, from its quoted finding; every match cites the phrase it rests on."
  },
  {
    "id": "goals-measured",
    "label": "Official goals measured by a causal study",
    "value": 60,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Goals for which at least one causal study tied to the same line has that goal, or its official indicator, as its outcome.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Official goals matched to causal studies (data/literature)",
      "url": "literature/goals.csv",
      "location": "all rows",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Goals are grouped from the quoted objectives, and each study is matched to a goal by this site, from its quoted finding; every match cites the phrase it rests on."
  },
  {
    "id": "criteria-leakage-measures",
    "label": "Share of public money in measures with evidence on leakage",
    "value": 5.229841378908295,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Share of 2024 public money in single measures with their own published cost (tax expenditures of EUR 200m or more, exemption schemes) where at least one causal study, or one of this site's evaluations, informs this criterion. A lower bound: evaluated components of spending categories have no separate cost.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "sum of the informed lines / sum of all lines × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "register-GF0101",
        "register-GF0102",
        "register-GF0103",
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    "id": "sv-carbon-2025",
    "label": "Value of a tonne of CO2e avoided, 2025",
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      "title": "La valeur de l'action pour le climat. Une référence pour évaluer et agir (France Stratégie, commission présidée par Alain Quinet, mars 2025)",
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      "quote": "Celle-ci s’établit à 256€2023/tCO2e en 2025"
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      "quote": "Valeur de la vie statistique (VVS) : 3 millions d’euros 2010."
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    "definition": "Rate at which future costs and benefits are discounted in the socio-economic evaluation of public investments, when the project's exposure to economic risk is unknown (2021 revision).",
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      "publisher": "Guide de l'évaluation socioéconomique des investissements publics, édition 2023",
      "title": "Guide de l'évaluation socioéconomique des investissements publics, édition 2023 (France Stratégie, comité présidé par Roger Guesnerie, sept. 2023)",
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    "origin": {
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      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Spending and outcomes across countries (analysis/outcomes.ml)",
      "url": "owid/results.csv",
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      "publisher": "Our World in Data",
      "title": "average-harmonized-learning-outcome-scores",
      "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/average-harmonized-learning-outcome-scores",
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    "label": "Predicted for France's spending: Life expectancy at birth, years",
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    "year": 2022,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The outcome a European country spending as much per head as France on this function has on average, from the line fitted across the 30 countries (log of spending per head in PPP).",
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      "publisher": "This site",
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      "url": "owid/results.csv",
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      "title": "life-expectancy",
      "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy",
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      "published": "2026"
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      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of priority education (analysis/schools.ml)",
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    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -1.0 to 3.7 (standard errors clustered by collège): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -0.6 to 2.9, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
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    "label": "Facilities of grant winners, 2020-2022, industrial carbon dioxide emissions, 2024",
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    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the total CO2 declared by the facilities of recipient firms since 2019, minus the change at matched facilities of other firms in the same NAF division, in % (log points × 100). Only facilities that declared CO2 every year 2015-2024 (registre des émissions polluantes).",
    "origin": {
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      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of France Relance grants (analysis/firms.ml)",
      "url": "firms/results.csv",
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      "published": "2026"
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    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -7.1 to 13.8 (standard errors clustered by firm): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -4.7 to 11.7, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
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    "label": "Grant winners, 2020-2022, turnover, 2024",
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    "definition": "Change in turnover in the recipient firms minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
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      "title": "Matched evaluation of France Relance grants (analysis/firms.ml)",
      "url": "firms/results.csv",
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      "published": "2026"
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    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -4.7 to 9.4 (standard errors clustered by firm): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -7.2 to 10.1, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
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    "label": "Petites villes de demain: towns signed in 2021, private-sector jobs, 2025",
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    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private-sector jobs in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
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      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=pvd, outcome=jobs, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
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    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -1.7 to 1.7 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -4.4 to 4.7, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
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    "definition": "Population change from 1 January 2015 to 1 January 2021 less births and deaths, per 1,000 inhabitants of 2015, in the treated communes minus their matched controls (Insee census and civil registers).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of the ZRR (analysis/zrr.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/results.csv",
      "location": "design=additionality, outcome=net_migration, year=2021",
      "published": "2026"
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    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -20.6 to -1.6 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -33.3 to 7.9, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
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    "definition": "Share of 2024 public money in single measures with their own published cost (tax expenditures of EUR 200m or more, exemption schemes) where at least one causal study, or one of this site's evaluations, informs this criterion. A lower bound: evaluated components of spending categories have no separate cost.",
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    "definition": "Share of 2024 public money in lines where at least one causal study, or one of this site's evaluations, informs this criterion. A spending line is a broad category and counts in full when one study informs it, even about one of its measures: this is not the share of the money whose effect is known.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "sum of the informed lines / sum of all lines × 100",
      "inputs": [
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        "register-te-110104",
        "register-te-110110",
        "register-te-110201",
        "register-te-110203",
        "register-te-110213",
        "register-te-110215",
        "register-te-110224",
        "register-te-110242",
        "register-te-110246",
        "register-te-110261",
        "register-te-110302",
        "register-te-120108",
        "register-te-120109",
        "register-te-120111",
        "register-te-120113",
        "register-te-120117",
        "register-te-120124",
        "register-te-120131",
        "register-te-120132",
        "register-te-120138",
        "register-te-120146",
        "register-te-120202",
        "register-te-120204",
        "register-te-120401",
        "register-te-120501",
        "register-te-120508",
        "register-te-130201",
        "register-te-140101",
        "register-te-140102",
        "register-te-140104",
        "register-te-140109",
        "register-te-140117",
        "register-te-140119",
        "register-te-170106",
        "register-te-200302",
        "register-te-200310",
        "register-te-200401",
        "register-te-210308",
        "register-te-210309",
        "register-te-210313",
        "register-te-210325",
        "register-te-210326",
        "register-te-220104",
        "register-te-300102",
        "register-te-300206",
        "register-te-300210",
        "register-te-320119",
        "register-te-320129",
        "register-te-320136",
        "register-te-320140",
        "register-te-520110",
        "register-te-710103",
        "register-te-720107",
        "register-te-730205",
        "register-te-730210",
        "register-te-730213",
        "register-te-730216",
        "register-te-730221",
        "register-te-730222",
        "register-te-730223",
        "register-te-730230",
        "register-te-730231",
        "register-te-730306",
        "register-te-800201",
        "register-te-800216",
        "register-te-800221",
        "register-te-800229",
        "register-te-800401",
        "register-te-820203",
        "register-te-830201",
        "register-te-940102",
        "register-te-940103",
        "register-te-970105",
        "register-te-050202",
        "register-te-060201",
        "register-te-090112",
        "register-te-small-none",
        "register-te-small-studied",
        "register-se-general",
        "register-se-lodeom",
        "register-se-targeted",
        "register-se-base"
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    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Each study is classified by this site from its quoted finding; every verdict cites the phrase it rests on, in literature/criteria.csv."
  },
  {
    "id": "outcomes-predicted-health-child",
    "label": "Predicted for France's spending: Child mortality, % of births",
    "value": 0.3365,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The outcome a European country spending as much per head as France on this function has on average, from the line fitted across the 30 countries (log of spending per head in PPP).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Spending and outcomes across countries (analysis/outcomes.ml)",
      "url": "owid/results.csv",
      "location": "pair=health-child",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "outcomes-france-health-child",
    "label": "France: Child mortality, % of births",
    "value": 0.4225,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Child mortality, % of births, France, mean of 2015-2022.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Our World in Data",
      "title": "child-mortality",
      "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/child-mortality",
      "location": "France, mean of 2015-2022 (health-child)",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "outcomes-predicted-social",
    "label": "Predicted for France's spending: Income inequality, Gini × 100",
    "value": 30.070000000000004,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The outcome a European country spending as much per head as France on this function has on average, from the line fitted across the 30 countries (log of spending per head in PPP).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Spending and outcomes across countries (analysis/outcomes.ml)",
      "url": "owid/results.csv",
      "location": "pair=social",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "outcomes-france-social",
    "label": "France: Income inequality, Gini × 100",
    "value": 31.65,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Income inequality, Gini × 100, France, mean of 2015-2022.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Our World in Data",
      "title": "economic-inequality-gini-index",
      "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/economic-inequality-gini-index",
      "location": "France, mean of 2015-2022 (social)",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "outcomes-predicted-order",
    "label": "Predicted for France's spending: Homicides per 100,000",
    "value": 1.0784,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The outcome a European country spending as much per head as France on this function has on average, from the line fitted across the 30 countries (log of spending per head in PPP).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Spending and outcomes across countries (analysis/outcomes.ml)",
      "url": "owid/results.csv",
      "location": "pair=order",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "outcomes-france-order",
    "label": "France: Homicides per 100,000",
    "value": 1.1813,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Homicides per 100,000, France, mean of 2015-2022.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Our World in Data",
      "title": "homicide-rate-unodc",
      "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/homicide-rate-unodc",
      "location": "France, mean of 2015-2022 (order)",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "outcomes-predicted-environment",
    "label": "Predicted for France's spending: Fine-particle exposure, µg/m³",
    "value": 11.3977,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The outcome a European country spending as much per head as France on this function has on average, from the line fitted across the 30 countries (log of spending per head in PPP).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Spending and outcomes across countries (analysis/outcomes.ml)",
      "url": "owid/results.csv",
      "location": "pair=environment",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "outcomes-france-environment",
    "label": "France: Fine-particle exposure, µg/m³",
    "value": 10.325,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Fine-particle exposure, µg/m³, France, mean of 2015-2022.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Our World in Data",
      "title": "pm25-air-pollution",
      "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/pm25-air-pollution",
      "location": "France, mean of 2015-2022 (environment)",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "outcomes-predicted-total",
    "label": "Predicted for France's spending: Life satisfaction, 0-10",
    "value": 7.0292,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The outcome a European country spending as much per head as France on this function has on average, from the line fitted across the 30 countries (log of spending per head in PPP).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Spending and outcomes across countries (analysis/outcomes.ml)",
      "url": "owid/results.csv",
      "location": "pair=total",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "outcomes-france-total",
    "label": "France: Life satisfaction, 0-10",
    "value": 6.5878,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Life satisfaction, 0-10, France, mean of 2015-2022.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Our World in Data",
      "title": "happiness-cantril-ladder",
      "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/happiness-cantril-ladder",
      "location": "France, mean of 2015-2022 (total)",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "loi-sas-employment",
    "label": "Employment rate, 15-64",
    "value": 68.4,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "1. Taux d'emploi des 15-64 ans (France hors Mayotte), one of the new wealth indicators of loi n° 2015-411.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Indicateurs de richesse nationale, rapport 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/3281635/Synthese_France_UE_Rapport2024.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau 1, A11/A12/K12",
      "published": "January 2025",
      "quote": "A11='1. Taux d'emploi des 15-64 ans  (%)'; A12='  France hors Mayotte'; K12=68.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "loi-sas-rd",
    "label": "Research and development",
    "value": 2.19,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "2. Dépense de recherche / PIB (France), one of the new wealth indicators of loi n° 2015-411.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Indicateurs de richesse nationale, rapport 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/3281635/Synthese_France_UE_Rapport2024.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau 1, A14/A15/K15",
      "published": "January 2025",
      "quote": "A14='2. Dépense de recherche / PIB  (%)'; K15=2.19"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "loi-sas-debt",
    "label": "Public debt",
    "value": 109.9,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "3. Dette publique au sens de Maastricht (France), one of the new wealth indicators of loi n° 2015-411.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Indicateurs de richesse nationale, rapport 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/3281635/Synthese_France_UE_Rapport2024.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau 1, A17/A18/K18",
      "published": "January 2025",
      "quote": "A17='3. Dette publique au sens de Maastricht  (en % du PIB)'; K18=109.9"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "loi-sas-healthy-life",
    "label": "Healthy life expectancy at birth, men",
    "value": 63.6,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "4. Espérance de vie en bonne santé (sans incapacité) à la naissance, hommes, one of the new wealth indicators of loi n° 2015-411.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Indicateurs de richesse nationale, rapport 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/3281635/Synthese_France_UE_Rapport2024.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau 1, A22/A24/K24",
      "published": "January 2025",
      "quote": "A22='4. Espérance de vie en bonne santé (en années)2'; A24='    Hommes'; K24=63.6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "loi-sas-satisfaction",
    "label": "Life satisfaction",
    "value": 7.2,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "5. Satisfaction dans la vie (France métropolitaine, 16+), one of the new wealth indicators of loi n° 2015-411.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Indicateurs de richesse nationale, rapport 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/3281635/Synthese_France_UE_Rapport2024.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau 1, A29/A30/K30",
      "published": "January 2025",
      "quote": "A29='5. Satisfaction dans la vie  (note de 1 à 10)3'; K30=7.2"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "loi-sas-inequality",
    "label": "Income of the top fifth over the bottom fifth",
    "value": 4.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "6. Inégalités: rapport masse de revenu quintile supérieur / quintile inférieur (France métropolitaine), one of the new wealth indicators of loi n° 2015-411.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Indicateurs de richesse nationale, rapport 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/3281635/Synthese_France_UE_Rapport2024.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau 1, A32/A33/J4/J33",
      "published": "January 2025",
      "quote": "A32='6. Inégalités (Rapport masse de revenu détenu par quintile supérieur / masse quintile inférieur)'; J4=2022; J33=4.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "loi-sas-poverty",
    "label": "Poverty in living conditions",
    "value": 12.3,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "7. Taux de pauvreté en conditions de vie (France métropolitaine, 16+), one of the new wealth indicators of loi n° 2015-411.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Indicateurs de richesse nationale, rapport 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/3281635/Synthese_France_UE_Rapport2024.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau 1, A35/A36/K36",
      "published": "January 2025",
      "quote": "A35='7. Taux de pauvreté en conditions de vie 3  (%)'; K36=12.3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "loi-sas-early-leavers",
    "label": "Early school leavers, 18-24",
    "value": 7.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "8. Sorties précoces du système scolaire (France hors Mayotte, 18-24 ans), one of the new wealth indicators of loi n° 2015-411.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Indicateurs de richesse nationale, rapport 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/3281635/Synthese_France_UE_Rapport2024.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau 1, A38/A39/K39",
      "published": "January 2025",
      "quote": "A38='8. Éducation : sorties précoces du système scolaire  (en % de la population des 18-24 ans)'; K39='7,6(p)'"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "loi-sas-carbon-footprint",
    "label": "Carbon footprint, tonnes of CO2e per person",
    "value": 9.4,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "9. Empreinte carbone des 7 GES des unités résidentes (France), one of the new wealth indicators of loi n° 2015-411.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Indicateurs de richesse nationale, rapport 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/3281635/Synthese_France_UE_Rapport2024.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau 1, A43/A44/K44",
      "published": "January 2025",
      "quote": "A43='9. Émission de gaz à effet de serre  (en tonnes équivalent CO2 par personne)'; A44='  France  - empreinte carbone des 7 GES des unités résidentes'; K44=9.4"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "loi-sas-land",
    "label": "Artificialised land",
    "value": 9.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "10. Artificialisation des sols (France métropolitaine), one of the new wealth indicators of loi n° 2015-411.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Insee",
      "title": "Indicateurs de richesse nationale, rapport 2024",
      "url": "https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/3281635/Synthese_France_UE_Rapport2024.xlsx",
      "location": "Tableau 1, A48/A49/J4/J49",
      "published": "January 2025",
      "quote": "A48='10. Artificialisation des sols  '; A49='  France métropolitaine - % du territoire national'; J49=9.5"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "sv-wellby-uk",
    "label": "UK value of a WELLBY, in pounds",
    "value": 13000,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2019,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "HM Treasury value of one point of life satisfaction (0-10) for one person for one year, in 2019 pounds; France has no equivalent.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Wellbeing Guidance for Appraisal: Supplementary Green Book Guidance",
      "title": "Wellbeing Guidance for Appraisal: Supplementary Green Book Guidance (HM Treasury, July 2021)",
      "url": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/60fa9169d3bf7f0448719daf/Wellbeing_guidance_for_appraisal_-_supplementary_Green_Book_guidance.pdf",
      "location": "p. 30 (pdf 33), Box 7",
      "published": "",
      "quote": "The resulting change in life satisfaction can be converted to a monetary value by multiplying by £13,000 [Low: £10,000, High £16,000]. This is the recommended standard value of one wellbeing adjusted life year – a one-point change in life satisfaction for one year - a ‘WELLBY’ - in 2019 prices and values."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "sv-kept-20",
    "label": "Value of an effect lasting 20 years",
    "value": 46.73940005388422,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Present value of a constant yearly benefit lasting 20 years, as a share of the same benefit lasting for ever, at the official discount rate.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(1 - (1 + r)^-20) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "sv-discount"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "sv-kept-10",
    "label": "Value of an effect lasting 10 years",
    "value": 27.020139801370014,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Present value of a constant yearly benefit lasting 10 years, as a share of the same benefit lasting for ever, at the official discount rate.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(1 - (1 + r)^-10) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "sv-discount"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "sv-kept-5",
    "label": "Value of an effect lasting 5 years",
    "value": 14.571749287118141,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Present value of a constant yearly benefit lasting 5 years, as a share of the same benefit lasting for ever, at the official discount rate.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "derived",
      "formula": "(1 - (1 + r)^-5) × 100",
      "inputs": [
        "sv-discount"
      ]
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "sv-carbon-2030",
    "label": "Value of a tonne of CO2e avoided, 2030",
    "value": 300,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2030,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Value of climate action, 2025 revision, for 2030, in 2023 euros per tonne of CO2 equivalent.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "La valeur de l'action pour le climat. Une référence pour évaluer et agir",
      "title": "La valeur de l'action pour le climat. Une référence pour évaluer et agir (France Stratégie, commission présidée par Alain Quinet, mars 2025)",
      "url": "https://www.strategie-plan.gouv.fr/files/files/Publications/2025/2025-03-20%20-%20Valeur%20de%20l%27action%20pour%20le%20climat/FS-2025-RAPPORT%20QUINET_19mars20h-COUV-vdef.pdf",
      "location": "p. 108 (pdf 110)",
      "published": "",
      "quote": "le « jalon 2030 », à 300 €2023/tCO2e"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "sv-time-commute",
    "label": "Value of an hour of commuting",
    "value": 10,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2010,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Reference value of an hour of urban travel to work or study, per passenger, in 2010 euros.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "L'évaluation socioéconomique des investissements publics, Tome 1",
      "title": "L'évaluation socioéconomique des investissements publics, Tome 1 (CGSP, mission présidée par Émile Quinet, sept. 2013)",
      "url": "https://www.strategie-plan.gouv.fr/files/files/Publications/Rapport/cgsp_evaluation_socioeconomique_29072014.pdf",
      "location": "p. 43 (pdf 45)",
      "published": "",
      "quote": "Domicile-travail/études/garderie 10,0 12,6"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "sv-vav",
    "label": "Value of a year of life",
    "value": 115000,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2010,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Reference value of a year of life, in 2010 euros; it grows with GDP per head.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "L'évaluation socioéconomique des investissements publics, Tome 1",
      "title": "L'évaluation socioéconomique des investissements publics, Tome 1 (CGSP, mission présidée par Émile Quinet, sept. 2013)",
      "url": "https://www.strategie-plan.gouv.fr/files/files/Publications/Rapport/cgsp_evaluation_socioeconomique_29072014.pdf",
      "location": "p. 42 (pdf 44)",
      "published": "",
      "quote": "Valeur de l’année de vie (VAV) : 115 000 euros 2010."
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-04"
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-cost-2024",
    "label": "ZRR profit-tax exemption, 2024",
    "value": 411,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Cost of exempting from profit tax the firms created or taken over in a ZRR (tax expenditure 220104, CGI art. 44 quindecies), 50,400 firms.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances",
      "title": "Évaluation des voies et moyens, tome II, Dépenses fiscales (PLF 2026)",
      "url": "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/documentation/file-download/30586",
      "location": "Fiche 220104, p. 116",
      "published": "October 2025",
      "quote": "220104 ... 2024: 411 (réalisé/estimé), bénéficiaires 50 400 entreprises"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "The zone also carries social-contribution exemptions, €77-89m a year in 2023-2026 for ZRR and its successor combined (CCSS)."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-rdd-exit-income-population-2021",
    "label": "Communes in ZRR before 2017, staying against leaving, just either side of the threshold, population, 2021",
    "value": -0.9299999999999999,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in population from 2015 to 2021 in the EPCIs just under the income threshold (€19,111 of median income per consumption unit), minus the change in those just over it, in % (log points × 100): the jump at the threshold of a local linear regression with a triangular kernel, among the EPCIs that meet the other condition. Bandwidth: values within about 5% of the threshold (0.054 in log, by Imbens and Kalyanaraman's rule), 153 EPCIs under it and 84 over.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The ZRR at its 2017 thresholds (analysis/zrr_rdd.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/rdd.csv",
      "location": "design=exit, running=income, outcome=population, year=2021, rule=ik",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -2.7 to 0.9 (robust standard errors): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. At half and at twice the bandwidth the estimate is in rdd.csv, with placebo thresholds and McCrary's density test."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-rdd-exit-income-jobs-2025",
    "label": "Communes in ZRR before 2017, staying against leaving, just either side of the threshold, private-sector jobs, 2025",
    "value": -0.47000000000000003,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private-sector jobs from 2016 to 2025 in the EPCIs just under the income threshold (€19,111 of median income per consumption unit), minus the change in those just over it, in % (log points × 100): the jump at the threshold of a local linear regression with a triangular kernel, among the EPCIs that meet the other condition. Bandwidth: values within about 5% of the threshold (0.054 in log, by Imbens and Kalyanaraman's rule), 152 EPCIs under it and 84 over.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The ZRR at its 2017 thresholds (analysis/zrr_rdd.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/rdd.csv",
      "location": "design=exit, running=income, outcome=jobs, year=2025, rule=ik",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -9.3 to 8.4 (robust standard errors): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. At half and at twice the bandwidth the estimate is in rdd.csv, with placebo thresholds and McCrary's density test."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-rdd-entry-income-population-2021",
    "label": "Communes entering ZRR in 2017, just under against just over the threshold, population, 2021",
    "value": 0.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in population from 2015 to 2021 in the EPCIs just under the income threshold (€19,111 of median income per consumption unit), minus the change in those just over it, in % (log points × 100): the jump at the threshold of a local linear regression with a triangular kernel, among the EPCIs that meet the other condition. Bandwidth: values within about 12% of the threshold (0.123 in log, by Imbens and Kalyanaraman's rule), 177 EPCIs under it and 98 over.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The ZRR at its 2017 thresholds (analysis/zrr_rdd.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/rdd.csv",
      "location": "design=entry, running=income, outcome=population, year=2021, rule=ik",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -0.9 to 1.9 (robust standard errors): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. At half and at twice the bandwidth the estimate is in rdd.csv, with placebo thresholds and McCrary's density test."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-rdd-entry-income-jobs-2025",
    "label": "Communes entering ZRR in 2017, just under against just over the threshold, private-sector jobs, 2025",
    "value": -2.98,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private-sector jobs from 2016 to 2025 in the EPCIs just under the income threshold (€19,111 of median income per consumption unit), minus the change in those just over it, in % (log points × 100): the jump at the threshold of a local linear regression with a triangular kernel, among the EPCIs that meet the other condition. Bandwidth: values within about 12% of the threshold (0.123 in log, by Imbens and Kalyanaraman's rule), 177 EPCIs under it and 98 over.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The ZRR at its 2017 thresholds (analysis/zrr_rdd.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/rdd.csv",
      "location": "design=entry, running=income, outcome=jobs, year=2025, rule=ik",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -15.8 to 9.8 (robust standard errors): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. At half and at twice the bandwidth the estimate is in rdd.csv, with placebo thresholds and McCrary's density test."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-permanence-jobs-2025",
    "label": "Permanence: communes leaving ZRR in 2017, private-sector jobs, 2025",
    "value": 2.82,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private-sector jobs in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of the ZRR (analysis/zrr.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/results.csv",
      "location": "design=permanence, outcome=jobs, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -2.0 to 7.7 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -12.6 to 15.3, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-leakage-jobs-2025",
    "label": "Leakage: their unclassified neighbours, private-sector jobs, 2025",
    "value": 2.23,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private-sector jobs in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of the ZRR (analysis/zrr.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/results.csv",
      "location": "design=leakage, outcome=jobs, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -3.1 to 7.5 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -9.6 to 15.3, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-placebo-income-2016",
    "label": "Placebo: the same communes, fake start in 2011, income per household, 2016",
    "value": -1.97,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in income per household in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of the ZRR (analysis/zrr.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/results.csv",
      "location": "design=placebo, outcome=income, year=2016",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -2.6 to -1.3 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -3.7 to -0.5, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-placebo-jobs-2016",
    "label": "Placebo: the same communes, fake start in 2011, private-sector jobs, 2016",
    "value": 2.31,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2016,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private-sector jobs in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of the ZRR (analysis/zrr.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/results.csv",
      "location": "design=placebo, outcome=jobs, year=2016",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -3.9 to 8.6 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -9.9 to 15.4, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-additionality-income-2024",
    "label": "Additionality: communes entering ZRR in 2017, income per household, 2024",
    "value": -1.63,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in income per household in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of the ZRR (analysis/zrr.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/results.csv",
      "location": "design=additionality, outcome=income, year=2024",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -2.6 to -0.7 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -4.3 to 0.5, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-additionality-households-2024",
    "label": "Additionality: communes entering ZRR in 2017, tax households, 2024",
    "value": -0.16999999999999998,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in tax households in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of the ZRR (analysis/zrr.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/results.csv",
      "location": "design=additionality, outcome=households, year=2024",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -1.4 to 1.1 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -2.2 to 2.2, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-additionality-establishments-2025",
    "label": "Additionality: communes entering ZRR in 2017, employer establishments, 2025",
    "value": -3.88,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in employer establishments in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of the ZRR (analysis/zrr.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/results.csv",
      "location": "design=additionality, outcome=establishments, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -7.2 to -0.5 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -13.7 to 7.5, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-zrr-MVA-7-1-creation-gap",
    "label": "Ecart du taux de création d'entreprises dans les zones prioritaires d'aménagement du territoire par rapport à la moyenne nationale",
    "value": -1.8,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Market-sector establishment creations of the year over the establishments open on its 1 January, in metropolitan communes zoned AFR 2022-2027 or classified ZRR (FRR from 2024), less the same rate in the other metropolitan communes.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=zrr, code=MVA-7-1, sub=creation-gap; from data/zrr/sirene_market.csv; data/zrr/afr_2022.csv; data/zrr/zrr_status.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State's rate (RAP 2025, PDF p. 22, data/literature/law/rap-2025-MVA-7-1.txt) is Insee's creations of enterprises, reprises and réactivations included, NAF sections B to N, over the stock of enterprises at the end of the year before, in metropolitan communes zoned AFR or ZRR (FRR from 2024) against France without the DOM; its 2025 value uses the 2024 creations and the 2023 stock, and its commentary gives the two rates it compares, 19.0% in the zone and 20.7% in the communes outside it. Here, Sirene establishments of the same sections (data/zrr/sirene_market.csv), 2024 creations over the establishments open on 1 January 2024, in metropolitan communes wholly in the AFR zoning 2022-2027 (data/zrr/afr_2022.csv; its 23 partly zoned communes are left out) or classified FRR, against the other metropolitan communes: 12.5% against 14.3%. Against all metropolitan communes, as the RAP's construction note words it, the gap is -1.2 (variant against-france of measured_series.csv). For 2023 creations, which the State's 2024 value of -1.8 follows, the gap here is -1.7. With the ZRR/FRR zone alone, the 2024 gap is -3.0 (variant zrr-frr, 2016-2025). Establishments are not enterprises: a transfer to a new address is a creation, and the Sirene stock keeps establishments that stopped trading without closing, so the rates here are below Insee's."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-additionality-workplace_jobs-2021",
    "label": "Additionality: communes entering ZRR in 2017, jobs at the place of work (census), 2021",
    "value": -1.79,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in jobs at the place of work (census) from the 2015 to the 2021 census in the treated communes, minus the change in their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). The 2021 census pools the surveys of 2019-2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of the ZRR (analysis/zrr.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/results.csv",
      "location": "design=additionality, outcome=workplace_jobs, year=2021",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -4.1 to 0.6 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -11.3 to 5.7, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-additionality-activity_land-2025",
    "label": "Additionality: communes entering ZRR in 2017, land taken for economic activity, m² per household, 2025",
    "value": 4.1386,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Land taken for economic activity since the start of the design in the treated communes, minus their matched controls, in square metres per tax household of 2016 (CEREMA, from the land registry).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of the ZRR (analysis/zrr.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/results.csv",
      "location": "design=additionality, outcome=activity_land, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -1.7 to 9.9 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -10.9 to 22.4, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-additionality-housing_land-2025",
    "label": "Additionality: communes entering ZRR in 2017, land taken for housing, m² per household, 2025",
    "value": 13.0428,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Land taken for housing since the start of the design in the treated communes, minus their matched controls, in square metres per tax household of 2016 (CEREMA, from the land registry).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of the ZRR (analysis/zrr.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/results.csv",
      "location": "design=additionality, outcome=housing_land, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -1.9 to 28.0 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -4.4 to 31.8, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "zrr-additionality-active-2021",
    "label": "Additionality: communes entering ZRR in 2017, labour force aged 15-64 (census), 2021",
    "value": -1.94,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in labour force aged 15-64 (census) from the 2015 to the 2021 census in the treated communes, minus the change in their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). The 2021 census pools the surveys of 2019-2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of the ZRR (analysis/zrr.ml)",
      "url": "zrr/results.csv",
      "location": "design=additionality, outcome=active, year=2021",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -3.2 to -0.7 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -4.7 to 0.5, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-benchmark-2012",
    "label": "Gap if each extra euro of credit became R&D, 2008-2012",
    "value": 12.194655306001556,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2012,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "The rise in tax relief since 2007, averaged over 2008-2012, as a share of the synthetic France's business R&D: the gap a one-for-one effect would produce.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Synthetic control of the CIR (analysis/cir.ml)",
      "url": "cir/results.csv",
      "location": "panel.csv gtard_gdp, FRA; design=reform-2008",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-gap-2012",
    "label": "France against its synthetic, 2008-2012",
    "value": 2.6414414863247937,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2012,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gap between France's business R&D and its synthetic counterpart over 2008-2012, as a share of the synthetic level.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Synthetic control of the CIR (analysis/cir.ml)",
      "url": "cir/results.csv",
      "location": "design=reform-2008, unit=FRA, 2008-2012",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-FRA-2023",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, FRA, 2023",
    "value": 64.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=FRA, 2023",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-FRA-2007",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, FRA, 2007",
    "value": 44.2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2007,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=FRA, 2007",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-GBR-2023",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, GBR, 2023",
    "value": 67.9,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=GBR, 2023",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-GBR-2007",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, GBR, 2007",
    "value": 42.8,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2007,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=GBR, 2007",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-USA-2022",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, USA, 2022",
    "value": 56.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=USA, 2022",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-USA-2007",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, USA, 2007",
    "value": 23.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2007,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=USA, 2007",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-JPN-2024",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, JPN, 2024",
    "value": 72.8,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=JPN, 2024",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-JPN-2007",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, JPN, 2007",
    "value": 80.8,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2007,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=JPN, 2007",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-KOR-2024",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, KOR, 2024",
    "value": 34.8,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=KOR, 2024",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-KOR-2007",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, KOR, 2007",
    "value": 48.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2007,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=KOR, 2007",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-NLD-2024",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, NLD, 2024",
    "value": 50.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=NLD, 2024",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-NLD-2007",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, NLD, 2007",
    "value": 76.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2007,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=NLD, 2007",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-ITA-2023",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, ITA, 2023",
    "value": 58.2,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=ITA, 2023",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-ITA-2007",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, ITA, 2007",
    "value": 33,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2007,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=ITA, 2007",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-DEU-2024",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, DEU, 2024",
    "value": 13.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=DEU, 2024",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "rd-tax-share-DEU-2007",
    "label": "Tax relief share of support for business R&D, DEU, 2007",
    "value": 0,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2007,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Tax relief for business R&D (GTARD) as a share of all government support for business R&D: tax relief plus direct funding (grants, contracts) of business R&D.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database (DF_RDTAX) and Main Science and Technology Indicators (DF_MSTI)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=DEU, 2007",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-above-100m-2023",
    "label": "Companies declaring more than €100m of research for the CIR, 2023",
    "value": 21,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Declaring companies, not tax groups, whose research expenses eligible for the research tax credit exceed €100m, the threshold applied company by company.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche",
      "title": "Le crédit d'impôt recherche en 2023 (provisoire)",
      "url": "https://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/sites/default/files/2025-12/le-cr-dit-d-imp-t-recherche-en-2023---provisoire-38761.pdf",
      "location": "PDF p. 3",
      "published": "December 2025",
      "quote": "En 2022 et 2023, 21 entreprises déclarent des dépenses de R&D de plus de 100 M€"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "The ministry's figures for 2023 are provisional."
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-fit-2001-gap-2012",
    "label": "France against its synthetic fitted from 2001, 2008-2012",
    "value": 20.084293775252213,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2012,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gap over 2008-2012 as a share of the synthetic level, with the fit restarted in 2001, after the 1997 and 2001 breaks in France's series.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Synthetic control of the CIR (analysis/cir.ml)",
      "url": "cir/results.csv",
      "location": "design=fit-2001, unit=FRA, 2008-2012",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-loo-high-2012",
    "label": "Highest gap leaving one donor out, 2008-2012",
    "value": 6.2699,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2012,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gap over 2008-2012 as a share of the synthetic level, highest when one donor with a weight is left out in turn (here USA).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Synthetic control of the CIR (analysis/cir.ml)",
      "url": "cir/results.csv",
      "location": "loo.csv, design=reform-2008",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-loo-low-2012",
    "label": "Lowest gap leaving one donor out, 2008-2012",
    "value": -0.5178,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2012,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gap over 2008-2012 as a share of the synthetic level, lowest when one donor with a weight is left out in turn (here NOR).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Synthetic control of the CIR (analysis/cir.ml)",
      "url": "cir/results.csv",
      "location": "loo.csv, design=reform-2008",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-p-floor-2012",
    "label": "Smallest p-value the donor countries allow",
    "value": 7.6923076923076925,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2012,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "One over the number of units, France and its donors: no test ranked among the placebos can give less.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Synthetic control of the CIR (analysis/cir.ml)",
      "url": "cir/results.csv",
      "location": "summary.csv, design=reform-2008, donors",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-half-p-2012",
    "label": "Test of half a euro of R&D per euro of credit, 2008-2012",
    "value": 23.080000000000002,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2012,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "One-sided p-value of the null that every extra euro of tax relief became half a euro of business R&D, as for one euro.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Synthetic control of the CIR (analysis/cir.ml)",
      "url": "cir/results.csv",
      "location": "benchmark.csv, design=reform-2008, multiple=0.5",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-benchmark-p-2012",
    "label": "Test of one euro of R&D per euro of credit, 2008-2012",
    "value": 15.379999999999999,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2012,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "One-sided p-value of the null that every extra euro of tax relief since 2007 became a euro of business R&D: France's series less that path, its mean gap over 2008-2012 scaled by its fit before 2008, ranked among the same statistic for each donor treated in turn (Firpo and Possebom 2018). A small value would reject the one-for-one effect.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Synthetic control of the CIR (analysis/cir.ml)",
      "url": "cir/results.csv",
      "location": "benchmark.csv, design=reform-2008, multiple=1",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "With 12 donors the smallest possible value is 8%; the fit-ratio version of the test gives 31%."
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-p-2012",
    "label": "Countries with as large a gap, 2008-2012",
    "value": 46.150000000000006,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2012,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of all units, France and each donor in turn treated as if reformed in 2008, whose post- to pre-2008 fit ratio is at least France's: 100% means France is unremarkable.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Synthetic control of the CIR (analysis/cir.ml)",
      "url": "cir/results.csv",
      "location": "summary.csv, design=reform-2008, p_value",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-placebo-2001",
    "label": "Placebo: fake start in 2001",
    "value": -7.99699418672516,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2007,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gap over 2001-2007 when the same method is given a fake start in 2001, as a share of the synthetic level: what noise alone produces.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Synthetic control of the CIR (analysis/cir.ml)",
      "url": "cir/results.csv",
      "location": "design=placebo-2001, unit=FRA",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-gap-2019",
    "label": "France against its synthetic, 2019",
    "value": -16.134823652053047,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2019,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Gap between France's business R&D and its synthetic counterpart in 2019, as a share of the synthetic level.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Synthetic control of the CIR (analysis/cir.ml)",
      "url": "cir/results.csv",
      "location": "design=reform-2008-long, unit=FRA, 2019",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-gtard-2012",
    "label": "Tax relief for business R&D in France, 2012",
    "value": 0.2781,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2012,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Government tax relief for business R&D (GTARD), national and subnational, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database, DSD_RDTAX@DF_RDTAX (1.0)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=FRA, MEASURE=RDTAX, 2012",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-gtard-2007",
    "label": "Tax relief for business R&D in France, 2007",
    "value": 0.0989,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2007,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Government tax relief for business R&D (GTARD), national and subnational, as a share of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OECD",
      "title": "R&D tax incentives database, DSD_RDTAX@DF_RDTAX (1.0)",
      "url": "https://data-explorer.oecd.org/",
      "location": "REF_AREA=FRA, MEASURE=RDTAX, 2007",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-cir-P172-2-2-per-euro",
    "label": "Mesures de l'impact du crédit d'impôt recherche (CIR) : Dépenses de R&D privée supplémentaires par euro de crédit d'impôt recherche",
    "value": 0.21,
    "unit": "ratio",
    "year": 2012,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "France's business R&D against a synthetic France of OECD countries that kept their R&D tax incentives (fitted 1995-2007), its mean gap after the 2008 reform divided by the mean rise in government tax relief for business R&D over its 2007 level, both in points of GDP.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=cir, code=P172-2-2, sub=per-euro; from data/cir/summary.csv; data/cir/benchmark.csv; data/cir/panel.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "Arithmetic: design reform-2008 (12 donors), mean gap 2008-2012 = 0.0342 pt of GDP (summary.csv); FRA gtard_gdp less its 2007 level of 0.0989 averages 0.1631 pt of GDP over 2008-2012 (panel.csv; benchmark.csv's gap at one euro per euro, -0.1289, is 0.0342 less the same path); 0.0342 / 0.1631 = 0.21. No interval exists: the placebo rank p = 0.46 (France among 13 units), the one-sided p-value against one euro per euro is 0.15 and against half a euro 0.23, and no rank among 13 units can go below 0.08, so neither none nor one euro per euro is rejected. Other designs: reform-2008-long (2008-2019, 6 donors) -0.35; all-donors (2008-2019, 28 donors) -0.12; fit-2001 (2008-2012, 14 donors) 1.33. The State prints 1 for every year 2022-2025: « l'estimation du multiplicateur » drawn from econometric studies (CNEPI, 2019 and 2021) « non actualisées tous les ans » (RAP 2025, PDF p. 217, data/literature/law/rap-2025-P172-2-2.txt); the CNEPI's 2021 opinion finds that an extra euro of the credit brought about one euro of R&D in the firms that claimed it (data/cir/raw/cnepi-2021-excerpt.txt). This is a country-level estimate of the 2008 reform's increment, and OECD GTARD counts all tax relief for business R&D, not the CIR alone."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-cir-MRA-4-1-gerd-gdp",
    "label": "Effort de la recherche de la France : Part de la dépense intérieure de R&D (DIRD) dans le produit intérieur brut (PIB)",
    "value": 2.18,
    "unit": "percent of GDP",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a share of GDP, France, the latest year in the panel.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=cir, code=MRA-4-1, sub=gerd-gdp; from data/cir/panel.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State's DIRD and DIRDE come from the MESRE-SIES R&D surveys of administrations and firms, 2024 being a provisional estimate, and the RAP 2025 has no 2025 value (PDF p. 24, data/literature/law/rap-2025-MRA-4-1.txt); OECD MSTI, as this site reads it (DF_MSTI, data/cir/SOURCES.md), carries those surveys, so the two differ by vintage and revision only."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-cir-MRA-4-1-berd-gerd",
    "label": "Effort de la recherche de la France : Part des dépenses intérieures en R&D des entreprises (DIRDE) dans la dépense intérieure de R&D (DIRD)",
    "value": 66,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Business enterprise R&D (BERD) over GERD, both as shares of GDP, France, the latest year in the panel.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=cir, code=MRA-4-1, sub=berd-gerd; from data/cir/panel.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State's DIRD and DIRDE come from the MESRE-SIES R&D surveys of administrations and firms, 2024 being a provisional estimate, and the RAP 2025 has no 2025 value (PDF p. 24, data/literature/law/rap-2025-MRA-4-1.txt); OECD MSTI, as this site reads it (DF_MSTI, data/cir/SOURCES.md), carries those surveys, so the two differ by vintage and revision only."
  },
  {
    "id": "cir-patents-2012",
    "label": "IP5 patent families invented in France, against its synthetic, 2008-2012",
    "value": 3.91,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2012,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gap between the IP5 patent families (filed at two or more offices worldwide, at least one of them among the five largest) invented in France, by priority year, and its synthetic counterpart over 2008-2012, in % (log points × 100). The synthetic France is fitted on 1995-2007 from countries whose R&D tax incentives did not change (OECD, Patents by technology).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Synthetic control of the CIR (analysis/cir.ml)",
      "url": "cir/results.csv",
      "location": "design=patents-2008, unit=FRA, 2008-2012",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Rank p-value 0.41: the share of units, France and its placebos, whose fit worsens as much after 2008."
  },
  {
    "id": "apprentices-aid-2025",
    "label": "Hiring aid for apprentices, 2025",
    "value": 3.4,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Direct aid to employers hiring apprentices (aide exceptionnelle and aide unique), spending in the year.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "OFCE",
      "title": "L'apprentissage sous pression, Policy brief n° 157 (Coquet)",
      "url": "https://www.ofce.fr/pdf/pbrief/2026/OFCEpbrief157.pdf",
      "location": "Spending table, row « Aides directes aux employeurs »",
      "published": "May 2026",
      "quote": "Aides directes aux employeurs ... 4,1 3,4 2,3"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "apprentices-equal-aid-2025",
    "label": "March-December 2025, same aid for both",
    "value": -7.651433321565426,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "New apprenticeship contracts preparing a higher-education diploma, relative to those preparing a secondary one (CAP to baccalauréat), compared with the same months of 2023-2024, when both received EUR 6,000. A descriptive comparison, not an estimate of the aid's effect.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Apprenticeship aid by diploma level (analysis/apprentices.ml)",
      "url": "apprentices/periods.csv",
      "location": "period=equal-aid-2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Noise band -11% to -4%, from the disagreement between 2023 and 2024 alone, assuming independent months. Runs of 10 consecutive months in 2022, with equal aid, range from -2% to -1%. Firms of 250 employees and more lost the aid at every level in January-February, and they hire most higher-education apprentices; firms may also have postponed contracts while a new decree was announced."
  },
  {
    "id": "apprentices-placebo-2022",
    "label": "2022, same aid for both (placebo)",
    "value": -1.4001060561240952,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "New apprenticeship contracts preparing a higher-education diploma, relative to those preparing a secondary one (CAP to baccalauréat), compared with the same months of 2023-2024, when both received EUR 6,000. A descriptive comparison, not an estimate of the aid's effect.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Apprenticeship aid by diploma level (analysis/apprentices.ml)",
      "url": "apprentices/periods.csv",
      "location": "period=placebo-2022",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Noise band -5% to 2%, from the disagreement between 2023 and 2024 alone, assuming independent months. Runs of 12 consecutive months in 2022, with equal aid, range from -1% to -1%. Firms of 250 employees and more lost the aid at every level in January-February, and they hire most higher-education apprentices; firms may also have postponed contracts while a new decree was announced."
  },
  {
    "id": "apprentices-reduced-higher-aid-2026",
    "label": "March-July 2026, reduced aid for higher education",
    "value": -23.890721237106572,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2026,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "New apprenticeship contracts preparing a higher-education diploma, relative to those preparing a secondary one (CAP to baccalauréat), compared with the same months of 2023-2024, when both received EUR 6,000. A descriptive comparison, not an estimate of the aid's effect.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Apprenticeship aid by diploma level (analysis/apprentices.ml)",
      "url": "apprentices/periods.csv",
      "location": "period=reduced-higher-aid-2026",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Noise band -28% to -20%, from the disagreement between 2023 and 2024 alone, assuming independent months. Runs of 5 consecutive months in 2022, with equal aid, range from -7% to 3%. Firms of 250 employees and more lost the aid at every level in January-February, and they hire most higher-education apprentices; firms may also have postponed contracts while a new decree was announced."
  },
  {
    "id": "apprentices-no-higher-aid-2025",
    "label": "January-February 2025, no aid for higher education",
    "value": -16.889571614787435,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "New apprenticeship contracts preparing a higher-education diploma, relative to those preparing a secondary one (CAP to baccalauréat), compared with the same months of 2023-2024, when both received EUR 6,000. A descriptive comparison, not an estimate of the aid's effect.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Apprenticeship aid by diploma level (analysis/apprentices.ml)",
      "url": "apprentices/periods.csv",
      "location": "period=no-higher-aid-2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Noise band -23% to -10%, from the disagreement between 2023 and 2024 alone, assuming independent months. Runs of 2 consecutive months in 2022, with equal aid, range from -12% to 5%. Firms of 250 employees and more lost the aid at every level in January-February, and they hire most higher-education apprentices; firms may also have postponed contracts while a new decree was announced."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-apprentices-P103-3-1-contracts",
    "label": "Contrats d'apprentissage conclus au 31 décembre de l'année considérée : Nombre de contrats d’apprentissage conclus au 31 décembre",
    "value": 846977,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "New apprenticeship contracts with private and public employers, all diploma levels, summed over the twelve months of the year.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=apprentices, code=P103-3-1, sub=contracts; from data/apprentices/contracts.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State counts the new apprenticeship contracts begun in the calendar year with private and public employers, from the Dares apprenticeship information system (Deca, the latest months estimated from the DSN), as extracted on 10 February 2026 for its 2025 value (RAP 2025, PDF pp. 112-113, data/literature/law/rap-2025-P103-3-1.txt): the series Dares PoEm publishes by month, read here in its release of 30 September 2026, whose last 36 months are provisional. The RAP 2025 prints 852,017 for 2023 and 890,670 for 2024, within 0.09% of PoEm's 851,721 and 889,891; the RAP 2024's 878,871 for 2024 (P364-3-1) is an earlier extraction. Other years: 2023: 851,721; 2024: 889,891. 2026 to date (January-July): 137,267, against 143,489 in the same months of 2025."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-apprentices-P103-3-1-level-3-4",
    "label": "Contrats d'apprentissage conclus au 31 décembre de l'année considérée : Part des apprentis préparant un diplôme de niveau 3 et 4",
    "value": 40.8,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "New contracts preparing a secondary diploma (CAP to bac, niveaux 3-4) over all new contracts, private and public employers, over the twelve months of the year.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=apprentices, code=P103-3-1, sub=level-3-4; from data/apprentices/contracts.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State counts the new apprenticeship contracts begun in the calendar year with private and public employers, from the Dares apprenticeship information system (Deca, the latest months estimated from the DSN), as extracted on 10 February 2026 for its 2025 value (RAP 2025, PDF pp. 112-113, data/literature/law/rap-2025-P103-3-1.txt): the series Dares PoEm publishes by month, read here in its release of 30 September 2026, whose last 36 months are provisional. The RAP 2025 prints 852,017 for 2023 and 890,670 for 2024, within 0.09% of PoEm's 851,721 and 889,891; the RAP 2024's 878,871 for 2024 (P364-3-1) is an earlier extraction. The State's share is the same ratio: the new contracts of the year preparing a niveau 3 or 4 diploma over all new contracts (RAP 2025, PDF p. 113). 2025: 40.8% (345,886 of 846,977)."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-apprentices-P103-3-2-insertion",
    "label": "Taux d'insertion dans l'emploi des salariés ayant bénéficié d'un contrat d'apprentissage : Taux d’insertion dans l'emploi des salariés ayant bénéficié d’un contrat d'apprentissage - tous publics",
    "value": 64.6,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The share of apprentices leaving a CFA in salaried employment six months later, two years of leavers pooled, as the unweighted mean of the rates InserJeunes publishes by CFA and diploma level.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=apprentices, code=P103-3-2, sub=insertion; from data/apprentices/inserjeunes_cfa.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State's rate (RAP 2025, PDF p. 114, data/literature/law/rap-2025-P103-3-2.txt) is the number of apprentices in the last year of a CAP to BTS cycle in school year n-2/n-1 who do not go on studying and are in salaried employment, private or public, in France in January n, about six months after leaving, over all such leavers: one cohort, each leaver counted once. InserJeunes by CFA and diploma level (fr-en-inserjeunes-cfa-niveau_formation, data.education.gouv.fr) publishes that rate by cell for two cohorts pooled (the leavers of 2023-2024 here) and no number of leavers, so this is an unweighted mean over 3642 CFA-level cells: a small CFA weighs as much as a large one. No dataset of data.education.gouv.fr gives the leavers by CFA or level: fr-en-inserjeunes-cfa, fr-en-inserjeunes-cfa-formation_fine and fr-en-inserjeunes-cfa-niveau_formation hold rates only, and fr-en-ipa-classe-sortie and fr-en-ipa-emploi-groupe-specialite are the former IPA survey, last updated in 2020. The State's rates for the two cohorts pooled here are 65.5 (2024) and 62.3 (2025), which average 63.9. By level, with the number of cells: Autres formations de niveau 3 61.2 (350); Autres formations de niveau 4 64.0 (541); Autres formations de niveau 5 64.0 (361); BAC PRO 66.3 (393); BP 72.3 (347); BTS 66.4 (829); CAP 58.4 (657); MC3 69.6 (111); MC4 72.7 (53)."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-apprentices-P364-3-1-contracts",
    "label": "Faciliter l'insertion dans l'emploi des jeunes : Nombre de contrats d’apprentissage conclus au 31 décembre",
    "value": 889891,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "New apprenticeship contracts with private and public employers, all diploma levels, summed over the twelve months of the year.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=apprentices, code=P364-3-1, sub=contracts; from data/apprentices/contracts.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State counts the new apprenticeship contracts begun in the calendar year with private and public employers, from the Dares apprenticeship information system (Deca, the latest months estimated from the DSN), as extracted on 10 February 2026 for its 2025 value (RAP 2025, PDF pp. 112-113, data/literature/law/rap-2025-P103-3-1.txt): the series Dares PoEm publishes by month, read here in its release of 30 September 2026, whose last 36 months are provisional. The RAP 2025 prints 852,017 for 2023 and 890,670 for 2024, within 0.09% of PoEm's 851,721 and 889,891; the RAP 2024's 878,871 for 2024 (P364-3-1) is an earlier extraction. Other years: 2023: 851,721; 2025: 846,977. 2026 to date (January-July): 137,267, against 143,489 in the same months of 2025."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-apprentices-P364-3-1-insertion",
    "label": "Faciliter l'insertion dans l'emploi des jeunes : Taux d’insertion dans l'emploi des salariés ayant bénéficié d’un contrat d'apprentissage",
    "value": 67,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The share of apprentices leaving a CFA in salaried employment six months later, two years of leavers pooled, as the unweighted mean of the rates InserJeunes publishes by CFA and diploma level.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=apprentices, code=P364-3-1, sub=insertion; from data/apprentices/inserjeunes_cfa.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State's rate (RAP 2025, PDF p. 114, data/literature/law/rap-2025-P103-3-2.txt) is the number of apprentices in the last year of a CAP to BTS cycle in school year n-2/n-1 who do not go on studying and are in salaried employment, private or public, in France in January n, about six months after leaving, over all such leavers: one cohort, each leaver counted once. InserJeunes by CFA and diploma level (fr-en-inserjeunes-cfa-niveau_formation, data.education.gouv.fr) publishes that rate by cell for two cohorts pooled (the leavers of 2022-2023 here) and no number of leavers, so this is an unweighted mean over 3420 CFA-level cells: a small CFA weighs as much as a large one. No dataset of data.education.gouv.fr gives the leavers by CFA or level: fr-en-inserjeunes-cfa, fr-en-inserjeunes-cfa-formation_fine and fr-en-inserjeunes-cfa-niveau_formation hold rates only, and fr-en-ipa-classe-sortie and fr-en-ipa-emploi-groupe-specialite are the former IPA survey, last updated in 2020. The State's rates for the two cohorts pooled here are 67.4 (2023) and 65.5 (2024), which average 66.45. By level, with the number of cells: Autres formations de niveau 3 62.4 (326); Autres formations de niveau 4 66.0 (472); Autres formations de niveau 5 66.0 (312); BAC PRO 68.7 (390); BP 75.1 (342); BTS 69.5 (775); CAP 60.5 (624); MC3 72.2 (126); MC4 76.7 (53)."
  },
  {
    "id": "schools-exit-pass_rate-2019",
    "label": "Exit: collèges leaving the network in 2015, brevet pass rate, 2019",
    "value": -1.4873,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2019,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in brevet pass rate in the collèges minus their matched controls.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of priority education (analysis/schools.ml)",
      "url": "schools/results.csv",
      "location": "design=exit, outcome=pass_rate, year=2019",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -5.5 to 2.6 (standard errors clustered by collège): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -6.0 to 1.0, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "schools-ep-cost-2022",
    "label": "Specific cost of priority education, 2022",
    "value": 2.451,
    "unit": "EUR billion",
    "year": 2022,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Ministry of Education spending specific to priority education (REP and REP+): extra teachers, class splitting, bonuses.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Cour des comptes",
      "title": "L'éducation prioritaire, une politique publique à repenser (May 2025), data file",
      "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2025-03/20250506-Leducation-prioritaire-une-politique-publique-a-repenser.pdf",
      "location": "G1.csv, graphique n° 1, PDF p. 21",
      "published": "May 2025"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "schools-entry-pupils-2025",
    "label": "Entry: collèges joining REP or REP+ in 2015, number of pupils, 2025",
    "value": 3.81,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in number of pupils in the collèges minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of priority education (analysis/schools.ml)",
      "url": "schools/results.csv",
      "location": "design=entry, outcome=pupils, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -0.5 to 8.1 (standard errors clustered by collège): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -0.1 to 8.1, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "schools-networks-2015-theoretical",
    "label": "Networks to enter and to leave under the index alone, 2015",
    "value": 350,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2015,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Networks that the theoretical map drawn from the DEPP social index alone required to enter priority education, and as many to leave.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Cour des comptes",
      "title": "L'éducation prioritaire, une politique publique à repenser",
      "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2025-03/20250506-Leducation-prioritaire-une-politique-publique-a-repenser.pdf",
      "location": "PDF p. 24",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "La carte théorique correspondant à ces critères nécessitait 350 réseaux entrants et 350 réseaux sortants. Or les contextes locaux n’ont permis de procéder qu’à 195 sorties et 206 entrées de réseaux"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "schools-networks-2015-left",
    "label": "Priority-education networks leaving the 2015 map",
    "value": 195,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2015,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Networks (a collège and its schools) that left priority education when the map was redrawn in 2015.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Cour des comptes",
      "title": "L'éducation prioritaire, une politique publique à repenser",
      "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2025-03/20250506-Leducation-prioritaire-une-politique-publique-a-repenser.pdf",
      "location": "PDF p. 24",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "La carte théorique correspondant à ces critères nécessitait 350 réseaux entrants et 350 réseaux sortants. Or les contextes locaux n’ont permis de procéder qu’à 195 sorties et 206 entrées de réseaux"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "schools-networks-2015-entered",
    "label": "Priority-education networks entering the 2015 map",
    "value": 206,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2015,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Networks (a collège and its schools) that entered priority education when the map was redrawn in 2015.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Cour des comptes",
      "title": "L'éducation prioritaire, une politique publique à repenser",
      "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2025-03/20250506-Leducation-prioritaire-une-politique-publique-a-repenser.pdf",
      "location": "PDF p. 24",
      "published": "May 2025",
      "quote": "La carte théorique correspondant à ces critères nécessitait 350 réseaux entrants et 350 réseaux sortants. Or les contextes locaux n’ont permis de procéder qu’à 195 sorties et 206 entrées de réseaux"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "schools-entry-pass_rate-2019",
    "label": "Entry: collèges joining REP or REP+ in 2015, brevet pass rate, 2019",
    "value": -1.0311,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2019,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in brevet pass rate in the collèges minus their matched controls.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of priority education (analysis/schools.ml)",
      "url": "schools/results.csv",
      "location": "design=entry, outcome=pass_rate, year=2019",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -3.5 to 1.5 (standard errors clustered by collège): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -2.6 to 1.1, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "schools-placebo-pass_rate-2015",
    "label": "Placebo: the same collèges, fake start in 2012, brevet pass rate, 2015",
    "value": -2.9705,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2015,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in brevet pass rate in the collèges minus their matched controls.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of priority education (analysis/schools.ml)",
      "url": "schools/results.csv",
      "location": "design=placebo, outcome=pass_rate, year=2015",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -5.2 to -0.8 (standard errors clustered by collège): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -5.2 to -1.0, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-schools-P141-1-3-rep-2020",
    "label": "Écart de taux de réussite au diplôme national du brevet (DNB) entre éducation prioritaire (EP) et hors EP : écart entre REP et hors EP, 2020",
    "value": -5.4,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2020,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The DNB pass rate of REP collèges less that of collèges outside priority education, each weighted by candidates.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured_series.csv",
      "location": "study=schools, code=P141-1-3, sub=rep, year=2020; from data/schools/panel.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State's gaps are admitted over present candidates in REP+, REP and outside priority education, among candidates of public collèges in France métropolitaine and the DROM (RAP 2025, PDF p. 78, data/literature/law/rap-2025-P141-1-3.txt): -7.7 for 2023 and -9.4 for 2024, against -7.3 and -9.1 here. Outside priority education is every panel collège not in REP or REP+ that year: never in it in 2014-2015, or left it in 2015 (without the leavers, 2025: -9.1). The panel holds the public collèges of the ministry's priority-education file (fr-en-colleges-ep, France and DOM) that existed in 2015, with their 2015 status, which the map kept until 2026; collèges opened later, and private collèges, are not in it. From 2022 the pass rate is the série générale of IVAC (the série professionnelle is left out); up to 2021 it pools both series, while the State counts every candidate. In 2020 the DNB was awarded on continuous assessment (Covid)."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-schools-P141-1-3-rep-2024",
    "label": "Écart de taux de réussite au diplôme national du brevet (DNB) entre éducation prioritaire (EP) et hors EP : écart entre REP et hors EP, 2024",
    "value": -9.1,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The DNB pass rate of REP collèges less that of collèges outside priority education, each weighted by candidates.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured_series.csv",
      "location": "study=schools, code=P141-1-3, sub=rep, year=2024; from data/schools/panel.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State's gaps are admitted over present candidates in REP+, REP and outside priority education, among candidates of public collèges in France métropolitaine and the DROM (RAP 2025, PDF p. 78, data/literature/law/rap-2025-P141-1-3.txt): -7.7 for 2023 and -9.4 for 2024, against -7.3 and -9.1 here. Outside priority education is every panel collège not in REP or REP+ that year: never in it in 2014-2015, or left it in 2015 (without the leavers, 2025: -9.1). The panel holds the public collèges of the ministry's priority-education file (fr-en-colleges-ep, France and DOM) that existed in 2015, with their 2015 status, which the map kept until 2026; collèges opened later, and private collèges, are not in it. From 2022 the pass rate is the série générale of IVAC (the série professionnelle is left out); up to 2021 it pools both series, while the State counts every candidate. In 2020 the DNB was awarded on continuous assessment (Covid)."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-schools-P141-1-3-rep-plus-2020",
    "label": "Écart de taux de réussite au diplôme national du brevet (DNB) entre éducation prioritaire (EP) et hors EP : écart entre REP+ et hors EP, 2020",
    "value": -7.5,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2020,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The DNB pass rate of REP+ collèges less that of collèges outside priority education, each weighted by candidates.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured_series.csv",
      "location": "study=schools, code=P141-1-3, sub=rep-plus, year=2020; from data/schools/panel.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State's gaps are admitted over present candidates in REP+, REP and outside priority education, among candidates of public collèges in France métropolitaine and the DROM (RAP 2025, PDF p. 78, data/literature/law/rap-2025-P141-1-3.txt): -11.0 for 2023 and -13.4 for 2024, against -10.7 and -13.2 here. Outside priority education is every panel collège not in REP or REP+ that year: never in it in 2014-2015, or left it in 2015 (without the leavers, 2025: -12.3). The panel holds the public collèges of the ministry's priority-education file (fr-en-colleges-ep, France and DOM) that existed in 2015, with their 2015 status, which the map kept until 2026; collèges opened later, and private collèges, are not in it. From 2022 the pass rate is the série générale of IVAC (the série professionnelle is left out); up to 2021 it pools both series, while the State counts every candidate. In 2020 the DNB was awarded on continuous assessment (Covid)."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-schools-P141-1-3-rep-plus-2024",
    "label": "Écart de taux de réussite au diplôme national du brevet (DNB) entre éducation prioritaire (EP) et hors EP : écart entre REP+ et hors EP, 2024",
    "value": -13.2,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The DNB pass rate of REP+ collèges less that of collèges outside priority education, each weighted by candidates.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured_series.csv",
      "location": "study=schools, code=P141-1-3, sub=rep-plus, year=2024; from data/schools/panel.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State's gaps are admitted over present candidates in REP+, REP and outside priority education, among candidates of public collèges in France métropolitaine and the DROM (RAP 2025, PDF p. 78, data/literature/law/rap-2025-P141-1-3.txt): -11.0 for 2023 and -13.4 for 2024, against -10.7 and -13.2 here. Outside priority education is every panel collège not in REP or REP+ that year: never in it in 2014-2015, or left it in 2015 (without the leavers, 2025: -12.3). The panel holds the public collèges of the ministry's priority-education file (fr-en-colleges-ep, France and DOM) that existed in 2015, with their 2015 status, which the map kept until 2026; collèges opened later, and private collèges, are not in it. From 2022 the pass rate is the série générale of IVAC (the série professionnelle is left out); up to 2021 it pools both series, while the State counts every candidate. In 2020 the DNB was awarded on continuous assessment (Covid)."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-schools-P141-1-3-rep-plus",
    "label": "Écart de taux de réussite au diplôme national du brevet (DNB) entre éducation prioritaire (EP) et hors EP : écart entre REP+ et hors EP",
    "value": -12.1,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The DNB pass rate of REP+ collèges less that of collèges outside priority education, each weighted by candidates.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=schools, code=P141-1-3, sub=rep-plus; from data/schools/panel.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State's gaps are admitted over present candidates in REP+, REP and outside priority education, among candidates of public collèges in France métropolitaine and the DROM (RAP 2025, PDF p. 78, data/literature/law/rap-2025-P141-1-3.txt): -11.0 for 2023 and -13.4 for 2024, against -10.7 and -13.2 here. Outside priority education is every panel collège not in REP or REP+ that year: never in it in 2014-2015, or left it in 2015 (without the leavers, 2025: -12.3). The panel holds the public collèges of the ministry's priority-education file (fr-en-colleges-ep, France and DOM) that existed in 2015, with their 2015 status, which the map kept until 2026; collèges opened later, and private collèges, are not in it. From 2022 the pass rate is the série générale of IVAC (the série professionnelle is left out); up to 2021 it pools both series, while the State counts every candidate. In 2020 the DNB was awarded on continuous assessment (Covid)."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-schools-P141-1-3-rep",
    "label": "Écart de taux de réussite au diplôme national du brevet (DNB) entre éducation prioritaire (EP) et hors EP : écart entre REP et hors EP",
    "value": -8.9,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The DNB pass rate of REP collèges less that of collèges outside priority education, each weighted by candidates.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=schools, code=P141-1-3, sub=rep; from data/schools/panel.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State's gaps are admitted over present candidates in REP+, REP and outside priority education, among candidates of public collèges in France métropolitaine and the DROM (RAP 2025, PDF p. 78, data/literature/law/rap-2025-P141-1-3.txt): -7.7 for 2023 and -9.4 for 2024, against -7.3 and -9.1 here. Outside priority education is every panel collège not in REP or REP+ that year: never in it in 2014-2015, or left it in 2015 (without the leavers, 2025: -9.1). The panel holds the public collèges of the ministry's priority-education file (fr-en-colleges-ep, France and DOM) that existed in 2015, with their 2015 status, which the map kept until 2026; collèges opened later, and private collèges, are not in it. From 2022 the pass rate is the série générale of IVAC (the série professionnelle is left out); up to 2021 it pools both series, while the State counts every candidate. In 2020 the DNB was awarded on continuous assessment (Covid)."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-schools-P141-3-2-rep-plus",
    "label": "Écart de taux d'encadrement au collège entre éducation prioritaire (EP) et hors EP et proportion des enseignants avec 5 ans d'ancienneté et plus en EP : écart entre REP+ et hors REP+/REP",
    "value": -3.3,
    "unit": "ratio",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The mean number of pupils per teaching structure (class or group, weighted by teaching hours) of REP+ collèges less that of collèges outside priority education, each pooled over its collèges.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=schools, code=P141-3-2, sub=rep-plus; from data/schools/class_size.csv; data/schools/divisions.csv; data/schools/panel.csv; data/schools/resources.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "E/S, the ministry's pupils per teaching structure, by public collège (fr-en-moyens_enseignants_2d_public, data.education.gouv.fr, rentrées 2023-2025), pooled over each group as pupil-hours over hours, with the 2015 status of the panel (fr-en-colleges-ep): outside priority education is never in it or left it in 2015; 5216 of the 6194 collèges with a ratio in 2025 are in the panel. The State's ratio is « le nombre d'élèves par division (classe) » of each type of EP collège against the other public collèges, France métropolitaine and DROM (RAP 2025, PDF p. 87, data/literature/law/rap-2025-P141-3-2.txt). fr-en-colleges-ep gives pupils and divisions by public collège up to 2019 (data/schools/divisions.csv): pooled the same way, the REP+ gap in pupils per division is -3.9 in 2019 (variant e-d of measured_series.csv, 2015-2019, whose 2016 values are the Cour des comptes 2018 figures, resources.csv), against the State's -3.8 for 2025. No open file gives divisions by collège after 2019, so the latest value is E/S, which is lower because groups are smaller than classes: for 2016 the Cour's REP+ gap was -3.3 in E/S and -3.7 in pupils per division."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-schools-P141-3-2-rep",
    "label": "Écart de taux d'encadrement au collège entre éducation prioritaire (EP) et hors EP et proportion des enseignants avec 5 ans d'ancienneté et plus en EP : écart entre REP et hors REP+/REP",
    "value": -2.5,
    "unit": "ratio",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The mean number of pupils per teaching structure (class or group, weighted by teaching hours) of REP collèges less that of collèges outside priority education, each pooled over its collèges.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=schools, code=P141-3-2, sub=rep; from data/schools/class_size.csv; data/schools/divisions.csv; data/schools/panel.csv; data/schools/resources.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "E/S, the ministry's pupils per teaching structure, by public collège (fr-en-moyens_enseignants_2d_public, data.education.gouv.fr, rentrées 2023-2025), pooled over each group as pupil-hours over hours, with the 2015 status of the panel (fr-en-colleges-ep): outside priority education is never in it or left it in 2015; 5216 of the 6194 collèges with a ratio in 2025 are in the panel. The State's ratio is « le nombre d'élèves par division (classe) » of each type of EP collège against the other public collèges, France métropolitaine and DROM (RAP 2025, PDF p. 87, data/literature/law/rap-2025-P141-3-2.txt). fr-en-colleges-ep gives pupils and divisions by public collège up to 2019 (data/schools/divisions.csv): pooled the same way, the REP gap in pupils per division is -3.0 in 2019 (variant e-d of measured_series.csv, 2015-2019, whose 2016 values are the Cour des comptes 2018 figures, resources.csv), against the State's -2.9 for 2025. No open file gives divisions by collège after 2019, so the latest value is E/S, which is lower because groups are smaller than classes: for 2016 the Cour's REP gap was -2.6 in E/S and -2.8 in pupils per division."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-schools-MVA-4-1-rep-plus-qpv",
    "label": "Évolution des chances de réussite scolaire des élèves scolarisés dans un quartier prioritaire de la politique de la ville (QPV) : Taux de réussite au brevet des collèges des élèves scolarisés en collège REP+ dans un QPV (a)",
    "value": 73.3,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The candidate-weighted DNB pass rate of metropolitan REP+ collèges located in a QPV.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=schools, code=MVA-4-1, sub=rep-plus-qpv; from data/schools/panel.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State's indicator (RAP 2025, PDF pp. 18-19, data/literature/law/rap-2025-MVA-4-1.txt) covers the pupils of public collèges in France métropolitaine, in REP+ or more than 300 m from a QPV, with the QPV map of 2024, and its 2025 value is the brevet of 2024: the value here is that year's, metropolitan collèges only, with the QPV flag of fr-en-colleges-ep (2015-2019 map), held fixed. (b) is the collèges flagged hors QPV, 86.3% in 2024 against the State's 85.8; those within 300 m of a QPV are in neither group. The panel holds the public collèges of the ministry's priority-education file (fr-en-colleges-ep, France and DOM) that existed in 2015, with their 2015 status, which the map kept until 2026; collèges opened later, and private collèges, are not in it. From 2022 the pass rate is the série générale of IVAC (the série professionnelle is left out); up to 2021 it pools both series, while the State counts every candidate. In 2020 the DNB was awarded on continuous assessment (Covid)."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-schools-MVA-4-1-gap",
    "label": "Évolution des chances de réussite scolaire des élèves scolarisés dans un quartier prioritaire de la politique de la ville (QPV) : écart (a)-(b)",
    "value": -13,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "The pass rate of metropolitan REP+ collèges in a QPV less that of metropolitan collèges more than 300 m from any QPV (EP or not), both weighted by candidates.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=schools, code=MVA-4-1, sub=gap; from data/schools/panel.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State's indicator (RAP 2025, PDF pp. 18-19, data/literature/law/rap-2025-MVA-4-1.txt) covers the pupils of public collèges in France métropolitaine, in REP+ or more than 300 m from a QPV, with the QPV map of 2024, and its 2025 value is the brevet of 2024: the value here is that year's, metropolitan collèges only, with the QPV flag of fr-en-colleges-ep (2015-2019 map), held fixed. (b) is the collèges flagged hors QPV, 86.3% in 2024 against the State's 85.8; those within 300 m of a QPV are in neither group. The panel holds the public collèges of the ministry's priority-education file (fr-en-colleges-ep, France and DOM) that existed in 2015, with their 2015 status, which the map kept until 2026; collèges opened later, and private collèges, are not in it. From 2022 the pass rate is the série générale of IVAC (the série professionnelle is left out); up to 2021 it pools both series, while the State counts every candidate. In 2020 the DNB was awarded on continuous assessment (Covid)."
  },
  {
    "id": "schools-entry-ips-2025",
    "label": "Entry: collèges joining REP or REP+ in 2015, social position index of pupils' families, 2025",
    "value": 0.477,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the mean social position index (IPS) of the collège's pupils since 2016, the first year DEPP publishes it, in the treated collèges minus their matched controls, in index points (the index averages about 100 nationally).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of priority education (analysis/schools.ml)",
      "url": "schools/results.csv",
      "location": "design=entry, outcome=ips, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -1.0 to 2.0 (standard errors clustered by collège): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -1.0 to 2.0, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "schools-exit-pupils-2025",
    "label": "Exit: collèges leaving the network in 2015, number of pupils, 2025",
    "value": -4.2299999999999995,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in number of pupils in the collèges minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of priority education (analysis/schools.ml)",
      "url": "schools/results.csv",
      "location": "design=exit, outcome=pupils, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -10.4 to 2.0 (standard errors clustered by collège): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -10.8 to 1.3, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "firms-additionality-margin-2024",
    "label": "Grant winners, 2020-2022, ebitda margin, 2024",
    "value": 1.0153,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in ebitda margin in the recipient firms minus their matched controls.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of France Relance grants (analysis/firms.ml)",
      "url": "firms/results.csv",
      "location": "design=additionality, outcome=margin, year=2024",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -0.3 to 2.4 (standard errors clustered by firm): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -0.2 to 2.4, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "firms-additionality-reported-2024",
    "label": "Grant winners, 2020-2022, share publishing accounts, 2024",
    "value": -7.5600000000000005,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in share publishing accounts in the recipient firms minus their matched controls.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of France Relance grants (analysis/firms.ml)",
      "url": "firms/results.csv",
      "location": "design=additionality, outcome=reported, year=2024",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -11.6 to -3.5 (standard errors clustered by firm): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -11.3 to -3.9, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "firms-placebo-turnover-2019",
    "label": "Placebo: fake start in 2017, turnover, 2019",
    "value": -0.47000000000000003,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2019,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in turnover in the recipient firms minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of France Relance grants (analysis/firms.ml)",
      "url": "firms/results.csv",
      "location": "design=placebo, outcome=turnover, year=2019",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -5.7 to 4.8 (standard errors clustered by firm): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -7.1 to 4.5, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "firms-placebo-turnover-2018",
    "label": "Placebo: fake start in 2017, turnover, 2018",
    "value": 5.21,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2018,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in turnover in the recipient firms minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of France Relance grants (analysis/firms.ml)",
      "url": "firms/results.csv",
      "location": "design=placebo, outcome=turnover, year=2018",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval 1.1 to 9.4 (standard errors clustered by firm): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws 1.5 to 8.8, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "firms-relocation-projects",
    "label": "Projects selected in the France Relance relocation call",
    "value": 531,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Projects selected by the France Relance call for projects on (re)localisation in critical sectors, over its two phases.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Cour des comptes",
      "title": "Le dispositif de relocalisations sectorielles du plan de relance, observations définitives S2023-1160",
      "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2023-11/20231123-S2023-1160_dispositif-relocalisations-sectorielles-plan-de-relance.pdf",
      "location": "p. 10",
      "published": "23 November 2023",
      "quote": "1 761 candidatures ont été reçues et 531 projets retenus"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "firms-relocation-applications",
    "label": "Applications to the France Relance relocation call",
    "value": 1761,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2023,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Applications received by the France Relance call for projects on (re)localisation in critical sectors, over its two phases.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Cour des comptes",
      "title": "Le dispositif de relocalisations sectorielles du plan de relance, observations définitives S2023-1160",
      "url": "https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/2023-11/20231123-S2023-1160_dispositif-relocalisations-sectorielles-plan-de-relance.pdf",
      "location": "p. 10",
      "published": "23 November 2023",
      "quote": "1 761 candidatures ont été reçues et 531 projets retenus"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-firms-none-co2",
    "label": "CO2 declared by the industrial sites of France Relance winners, against matched sites",
    "value": 3.3,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "CO2 declared to the IREP by the industrial sites of France Relance grant winners against sites of other firms matched in the same NAF division on their 2015, 2017 and 2019 emissions, the mean difference in log CO2 relative to 2019.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=firms, code=none, sub=co2; from data/firms/results.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The State set no indicator for the décarbonation de l'industrie. 157 sites of winners, 65 matched pairs per draw, sites declaring CO2 every year 2015-2024; 95% interval -7.1 to 13.8 (standard errors clustered by firm), so no fall is measured. The placebo (fake start in 2017) gives 3.0 log points in 2019. The winners are all France Relance industrial laureates with a declaring site, not the décarbonation calls alone (analysis/firms.ml)."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-ti-jobs-2025",
    "label": "Territoires d'industrie: 2018 communes, private-sector jobs, 2025",
    "value": 0.37,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private-sector jobs in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=ti, outcome=jobs, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -2.1 to 2.9 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -5.2 to 6.0, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-ti-sdid-eligible-jobs",
    "label": "Territoires d'industrie, private jobs: synthetic DiD, eligible towns",
    "value": 0.11,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) after the start, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes weighted so as to move with them before the start, against years before the start weighted so as to resemble the years after, in % (log points × 100): 15620 communes against 7399. The weights fit the years before the start, so they carry no pre-trend test.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=ti, estimator=sdid, controls=eligible, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -1.4 to 1.6, from a standard error by leaving one département out at a time: cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-ti-cs-not-yet-eligible-jobs",
    "label": "Territoires d'industrie, private jobs: event study, not-yet-treated comparison, eligible towns",
    "value": -0.29,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) from the year before the start to each year after it, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes of the same region, averaged over the years, in % (log points × 100): 19739 communes against 11543. The coefficients of the years before the start are jointly zero with p-value 0.612 (Wald test with the bootstrap covariance), so equal trends before the start are not rejected.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=ti, estimator=cs-not-yet, controls=eligible, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -1.5 to 0.8, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of 999 bootstrap draws of départements: cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-ti-cs-never-eligible-jobs",
    "label": "Territoires d'industrie, private jobs: event study, never-treated comparison, eligible towns",
    "value": -0.05,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) from the year before the start to each year after it, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes of the same region, averaged over the years, in % (log points × 100): 19739 communes against 7399. The coefficients of the years before the start are jointly zero with p-value 0.524 (Wald test with the bootstrap covariance), so equal trends before the start are not rejected.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=ti, estimator=cs-never, controls=eligible, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -1.5 to 1.2, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of 999 bootstrap draws of départements: cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-ti-sdid-far-jobs",
    "label": "Territoires d'industrie, private jobs: synthetic DiD, far communes",
    "value": -1.34,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) after the start, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes weighted so as to move with them before the start, against years before the start weighted so as to resemble the years after, in % (log points × 100): 15620 communes against 5305. The weights fit the years before the start, so they carry no pre-trend test.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=ti, estimator=sdid, controls=far, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -3.1 to 0.4, from a standard error by leaving one département out at a time: cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-ti-cs-not-yet-far-jobs",
    "label": "Territoires d'industrie, private jobs: event study, not-yet-treated comparison, far communes",
    "value": -0.79,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) from the year before the start to each year after it, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes of the same region, averaged over the years, in % (log points × 100): 19764 communes against 9449. The coefficients of the years before the start are jointly zero with p-value 0.173 (Wald test with the bootstrap covariance), so equal trends before the start are not rejected.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=ti, estimator=cs-not-yet, controls=far, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -2.1 to 0.5, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of 999 bootstrap draws of départements: cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-ti-cs-never-far-jobs",
    "label": "Territoires d'industrie, private jobs: event study, never-treated comparison, far communes",
    "value": -0.67,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) from the year before the start to each year after it, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes of the same region, averaged over the years, in % (log points × 100): 19764 communes against 5305. The coefficients of the years before the start are jointly zero with p-value 0.208 (Wald test with the bootstrap covariance), so equal trends before the start are not rejected.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=ti, estimator=cs-never, controls=far, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -2.5 to 1.3, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of 999 bootstrap draws of départements: cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-pvd-sdid-eligible-jobs",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain, private jobs: synthetic DiD, eligible towns",
    "value": -1.4500000000000002,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) after the start, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes weighted so as to move with them before the start, against years before the start weighted so as to resemble the years after, in % (log points × 100): 1530 communes against 1619. The weights fit the years before the start, so they carry no pre-trend test.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=pvd, estimator=sdid, controls=eligible, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -2.4 to -0.5, from a standard error by leaving one département out at a time: distinguishable from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-pvd-cs-not-yet-eligible-jobs",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain, private jobs: event study, not-yet-treated comparison, eligible towns",
    "value": -2.04,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) from the year before the start to each year after it, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes of the same region, averaged over the years, in % (log points × 100): 1602 communes against 1686. The coefficients of the years before the start are jointly zero with p-value 0.001 (Wald test with the bootstrap covariance), so equal trends before the start are rejected.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=pvd, estimator=cs-not-yet, controls=eligible, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -3.0 to -1.2, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of 999 bootstrap draws of départements: distinguishable from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-pvd-cs-never-eligible-jobs",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain, private jobs: event study, never-treated comparison, eligible towns",
    "value": -2.04,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) from the year before the start to each year after it, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes of the same region, averaged over the years, in % (log points × 100): 1602 communes against 1619. The coefficients of the years before the start are jointly zero with p-value 0.001 (Wald test with the bootstrap covariance), so equal trends before the start are rejected.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=pvd, estimator=cs-never, controls=eligible, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -3.0 to -1.2, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of 999 bootstrap draws of départements: distinguishable from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-pvd-sdid-far-jobs",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain, private jobs: synthetic DiD, far communes",
    "value": -3.2399999999999998,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) after the start, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes weighted so as to move with them before the start, against years before the start weighted so as to resemble the years after, in % (log points × 100): 1530 communes against 5024. The weights fit the years before the start, so they carry no pre-trend test.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=pvd, estimator=sdid, controls=far, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -4.6 to -1.9, from a standard error by leaving one département out at a time: distinguishable from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-pvd-cs-not-yet-far-jobs",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain, private jobs: event study, not-yet-treated comparison, far communes",
    "value": -3.58,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) from the year before the start to each year after it, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes of the same region, averaged over the years, in % (log points × 100): 1602 communes against 5091. The coefficients of the years before the start are jointly zero with p-value 0.001 (Wald test with the bootstrap covariance), so equal trends before the start are rejected.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=pvd, estimator=cs-not-yet, controls=far, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -5.2 to -2.3, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of 999 bootstrap draws of départements: distinguishable from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-pvd-cs-never-far-jobs",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain, private jobs: event study, never-treated comparison, far communes",
    "value": -3.5999999999999996,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) from the year before the start to each year after it, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes of the same region, averaged over the years, in % (log points × 100): 1602 communes against 5024. The coefficients of the years before the start are jointly zero with p-value 0.001 (Wald test with the bootstrap covariance), so equal trends before the start are rejected.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=pvd, estimator=cs-never, controls=far, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -5.2 to -2.3, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of 999 bootstrap draws of départements: distinguishable from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-acv-sdid-eligible-jobs",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville, private jobs: synthetic DiD, eligible towns",
    "value": -0.7000000000000001,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) after the start, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes weighted so as to move with them before the start, against years before the start weighted so as to resemble the years after, in % (log points × 100): 218 communes against 51. The weights fit the years before the start, so they carry no pre-trend test.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=acv, estimator=sdid, controls=eligible, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -2.6 to 1.2, from a standard error by leaving one département out at a time: cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-acv-cs-not-yet-eligible-jobs",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville, private jobs: event study, not-yet-treated comparison, eligible towns",
    "value": -3.11,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) from the year before the start to each year after it, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes of the same region, averaged over the years, in % (log points × 100): 223 communes against 59. The coefficients of the years before the start are jointly zero with p-value 0.001 (Wald test with the bootstrap covariance), so equal trends before the start are rejected.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=acv, estimator=cs-not-yet, controls=eligible, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -5.9 to -0.8, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of 999 bootstrap draws of départements: distinguishable from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-acv-cs-never-eligible-jobs",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville, private jobs: event study, never-treated comparison, eligible towns",
    "value": -1.78,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) from the year before the start to each year after it, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes of the same region, averaged over the years, in % (log points × 100): 200 communes against 51. The coefficients of the years before the start are jointly zero with p-value 0.001 (Wald test with the bootstrap covariance), so equal trends before the start are rejected.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=acv, estimator=cs-never, controls=eligible, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -3.9 to -0.2, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of 999 bootstrap draws of départements: distinguishable from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-acv-sdid-far-jobs",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville, private jobs: synthetic DiD, far communes",
    "value": -3.39,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) after the start, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes weighted so as to move with them before the start, against years before the start weighted so as to resemble the years after, in % (log points × 100): 218 communes against 12140. The weights fit the years before the start, so they carry no pre-trend test.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=acv, estimator=sdid, controls=far, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -4.8 to -2.0, from a standard error by leaving one département out at a time: distinguishable from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-acv-cs-not-yet-far-jobs",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville, private jobs: event study, not-yet-treated comparison, far communes",
    "value": -3.9899999999999998,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) from the year before the start to each year after it, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes of the same region, averaged over the years, in % (log points × 100): 226 communes against 12148. The coefficients of the years before the start are jointly zero with p-value 0.001 (Wald test with the bootstrap covariance), so equal trends before the start are rejected.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=acv, estimator=cs-not-yet, controls=far, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -5.1 to -2.7, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of 999 bootstrap draws of départements: distinguishable from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-did-acv-cs-never-far-jobs",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville, private jobs: event study, never-treated comparison, far communes",
    "value": -3.9800000000000004,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private jobs (log of one plus jobs) from the year before the start to each year after it, to 2025, in the programme's communes minus their comparison communes of the same region, averaged over the years, in % (log points × 100): 226 communes against 12140. The coefficients of the years before the start are jointly zero with p-value 0.001 (Wald test with the bootstrap covariance), so equal trends before the start are rejected.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Event studies and synthetic difference-in-differences of place-based programmes (analysis/places_did.ml)",
      "url": "places/did.csv",
      "location": "programme=acv, estimator=cs-never, controls=far, outcome=jobs, the row without event_time",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "caveat": "95% interval -5.1 to -2.7, the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of 999 bootstrap draws of départements: distinguishable from zero at 95%."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-placebo-establishments-2017",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: placebo, fake start in 2012, employer establishments, 2017",
    "value": -3.62,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2017,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in employer establishments in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv-placebo, outcome=establishments, year=2017",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -6.4 to -0.8 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -4.2 to -2.8, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-population-2021",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: towns named in 2018, population (census), 2021",
    "value": -0.09,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in population (census) from the 2015 to the 2021 census in the treated communes, minus the change in their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). The 2021 census pools the surveys of 2019-2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv, outcome=population, year=2021",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -1.8 to 1.6 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -1.9 to 1.2, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-net_migration-2021",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: towns named in 2018, net migration, per 1,000 inhabitants, 2021",
    "value": -1.1043,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Population change from 1 January 2015 to 1 January 2021 less births and deaths, per 1,000 inhabitants of 2015, in the treated communes minus their matched controls (Insee census and civil registers).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv, outcome=net_migration, year=2021",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -18.6 to 16.4 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -20.2 to 12.7, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-households-2024",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: towns named in 2018, tax households, 2024",
    "value": 0.15,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in tax households in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv, outcome=households, year=2024",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -1.8 to 2.1 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -0.8 to 1.1, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-income-2024",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: towns named in 2018, income per household, 2024",
    "value": -0.8200000000000001,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in income per household in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv, outcome=income, year=2024",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -2.9 to 1.2 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -1.7 to -0.1, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-establishments-2025",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: towns named in 2018, employer establishments, 2025",
    "value": -3.95,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in employer establishments in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv, outcome=establishments, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -7.5 to -0.4 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -6.0 to -1.0, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-jobs-2025",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: towns named in 2018, private-sector jobs, 2025",
    "value": -3.9,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in private-sector jobs in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv, outcome=jobs, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -8.6 to 0.8 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -6.5 to -1.1, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-workplace_jobs-2021",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: towns named in 2018, jobs at the place of work (census), 2021",
    "value": 0.63,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in jobs at the place of work (census) from the 2015 to the 2021 census in the treated communes, minus the change in their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). The 2021 census pools the surveys of 2019-2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv, outcome=workplace_jobs, year=2021",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -2.4 to 3.6 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -0.8 to 2.4, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-bv-shops-2025",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: bassins de vie of the 2018 towns, shops in the bassin de vie, 2025",
    "value": -9.969999999999999,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the number of shops (Insee BPE, commerce types counted alike in 2015, 2020 and 2025) in the bassins de vie whose pôle is a programme town, minus matched bassins whose pôle is in no programme, in % (log points × 100). Insee publishes these counts by bassin, not by commune.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv-bv, outcome=shops, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -19.4 to -0.5 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -11.8 to -6.9, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-activity_land-2025",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: towns named in 2018, land taken for economic activity, m² per household, 2025",
    "value": 4.5991,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Land taken for economic activity since the start of the design in the treated communes, minus their matched controls, in square metres per tax household of 2016 (CEREMA, from the land registry).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv, outcome=activity_land, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -0.7 to 9.9 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws 2.1 to 6.7, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-vacant-2025",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: towns named in 2018, vacant private dwellings, 2025",
    "value": -5.94,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the number of private dwellings vacant on 1 January (LOVAC: DGFiP, Cerema) since the start of the design, or since 2019, when the counts begin, if it started earlier, in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). Counts under 11 are secret and leave a commune out.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv, outcome=vacant, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -15.3 to 3.5 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -13.1 to 1.9, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-vacant_2y-2025",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: towns named in 2018, private dwellings vacant for over two years, 2025",
    "value": -3.3099999999999996,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the number of private dwellings vacant for more than two years on 1 January (LOVAC) since the start of the design, or since 2019 if it started earlier, in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). Counts under 11 are secret and leave a commune out.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv, outcome=vacant_2y, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -22.7 to 16.1 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -16.4 to 9.8, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-price-2021",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: towns named in 2018, median price per m² of dwellings sold, 2021",
    "value": -3.88,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the median price per square metre of the houses and flats sold alone (DGFiP, Demandes de valeurs foncières, 2016-2021) since the start of the design, in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). A year with fewer than five sales leaves the commune out of it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv, outcome=price, year=2021",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -7.8 to 0.1 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -5.2 to -2.5, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-housing_land-2025",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: towns named in 2018, land taken for housing, m² per household, 2025",
    "value": 6.8877,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Land taken for housing since the start of the design in the treated communes, minus their matched controls, in square metres per tax household of 2016 (CEREMA, from the land registry).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv, outcome=housing_land, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -0.5 to 14.2 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws 3.6 to 10.6, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-acv-bv-services-2025",
    "label": "Action cœur de ville: bassins de vie of the 2018 towns, services in the bassin de vie, 2025",
    "value": -6.79,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the number of services to individuals and of health and social facilities (Insee BPE, types counted alike in 2015, 2020 and 2025) in the bassins de vie whose pôle is a programme town, minus matched bassins whose pôle is in no programme, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=acv-bv, outcome=services, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -11.7 to -1.8 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -7.1 to -6.5, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-pvd-households-2024",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain: towns signed in 2021, tax households, 2024",
    "value": 0.02,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in tax households in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=pvd, outcome=households, year=2024",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -0.5 to 0.5 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -1.0 to 0.7, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-pvd-income-2024",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain: towns signed in 2021, income per household, 2024",
    "value": -0.32,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in income per household in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=pvd, outcome=income, year=2024",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -0.8 to 0.1 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -1.4 to 0.9, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-pvd-establishments-2025",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain: towns signed in 2021, employer establishments, 2025",
    "value": 0.38,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in employer establishments in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=pvd, outcome=establishments, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -0.8 to 1.6 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -2.6 to 3.1, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-pvd-bv-shops-2025",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain: bassins de vie of the towns, shops in the bassin de vie, 2025",
    "value": -1.27,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the number of shops (Insee BPE, commerce types counted alike in 2015, 2020 and 2025) in the bassins de vie whose pôle is a programme town, minus matched bassins whose pôle is in no programme, in % (log points × 100). Insee publishes these counts by bassin, not by commune.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=pvd-bv, outcome=shops, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -3.0 to 0.5 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -2.8 to 0.6, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-pvd-bv-services-2025",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain: bassins de vie of the towns, services in the bassin de vie, 2025",
    "value": -2.85,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the number of services to individuals and of health and social facilities (Insee BPE, types counted alike in 2015, 2020 and 2025) in the bassins de vie whose pôle is a programme town, minus matched bassins whose pôle is in no programme, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=pvd-bv, outcome=services, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -4.2 to -1.5 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -3.7 to -1.8, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-pvd-vacant-2025",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain: towns signed in 2021, vacant private dwellings, 2025",
    "value": 0.44999999999999996,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the number of private dwellings vacant on 1 January (LOVAC: DGFiP, Cerema) since the start of the design, or since 2019, when the counts begin, if it started earlier, in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). Counts under 11 are secret and leave a commune out.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=pvd, outcome=vacant, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -2.0 to 2.9 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -4.7 to 8.8, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-pvd-vacant_2y-2025",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain: towns signed in 2021, private dwellings vacant for over two years, 2025",
    "value": 1.1199999999999999,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the number of private dwellings vacant for more than two years on 1 January (LOVAC) since the start of the design, or since 2019 if it started earlier, in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). Counts under 11 are secret and leave a commune out.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=pvd, outcome=vacant_2y, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -2.2 to 4.5 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -5.6 to 10.1, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-pvd-price-2021",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain: towns signed in 2021, median price per m² of dwellings sold, 2021",
    "value": -0.86,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the median price per square metre of the houses and flats sold alone (DGFiP, Demandes de valeurs foncières, 2016-2021) since the start of the design, in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). A year with fewer than five sales leaves the commune out of it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=pvd, outcome=price, year=2021",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -2.8 to 1.1 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -5.6 to 3.4, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-pvd-price_etalab-2025",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain: towns signed in 2021, median price per m² of dwellings sold, from 2021, 2025",
    "value": -0.33,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the median price per square metre of houses and flats from 2021 to 2025 (Etalab's statistics of the Demandes de valeurs foncières, sales-weighted monthly medians), in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). Measured from the year most towns signed, not from before it.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=pvd, outcome=price_etalab, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -2.3 to 1.6 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -3.8 to 4.0, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-pvd-housing_land-2025",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain: towns signed in 2021, land taken for housing, m² per household, 2025",
    "value": -0.3095,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Land taken for housing since the start of the design in the treated communes, minus their matched controls, in square metres per tax household of 2016 (CEREMA, from the land registry).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=pvd, outcome=housing_land, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -3.3 to 2.7 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -9.3 to 7.0, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-pvd-activity_land-2025",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain: towns signed in 2021, land taken for economic activity, m² per household, 2025",
    "value": 0.8949,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Land taken for economic activity since the start of the design in the treated communes, minus their matched controls, in square metres per tax household of 2016 (CEREMA, from the land registry).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=pvd, outcome=activity_land, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -2.5 to 4.3 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -6.2 to 11.2, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-ti-workplace_jobs-2021",
    "label": "Territoires d'industrie: 2018 communes, jobs at the place of work (census), 2021",
    "value": -0.03,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2021,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in jobs at the place of work (census) from the 2015 to the 2021 census in the treated communes, minus the change in their matched controls, in % (log points × 100). The 2021 census pools the surveys of 2019-2023.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=ti, outcome=workplace_jobs, year=2021",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -1.1 to 1.1 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -1.9 to 2.1, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-ti-establishments-2025",
    "label": "Territoires d'industrie: 2018 communes, employer establishments, 2025",
    "value": 0.03,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in employer establishments in the treated communes minus their matched controls, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=ti, outcome=establishments, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -1.5 to 1.6 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -3.4 to 3.5, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-ti-activity_land-2025",
    "label": "Territoires d'industrie: 2018 communes, land taken for economic activity, m² per household, 2025",
    "value": -3.5068,
    "unit": "count",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Land taken for economic activity since the start of the design in the treated communes, minus their matched controls, in square metres per tax household of 2016 (CEREMA, from the land registry).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=ti, outcome=activity_land, year=2025",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -7.2 to 0.2 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -10.9 to 2.5, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-pvd-bv-placebo-services-2020",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain: bassins de vie, fake start in 2015, services in the bassin de vie, 2020",
    "value": -3.95,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2020,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the number of services to individuals and of health and social facilities (Insee BPE, types counted alike in 2015, 2020 and 2025) in the bassins de vie whose pôle is a programme town, minus matched bassins whose pôle is in no programme, in % (log points × 100).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=pvd-bv-placebo, outcome=services, year=2020",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -5.3 to -2.6 (standard errors clustered by département): distinguishable from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -4.9 to -3.1, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "places-pvd-bv-placebo-shops-2020",
    "label": "Petites villes de demain: bassins de vie, fake start in 2015, shops in the bassin de vie, 2020",
    "value": -1.6199999999999999,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2020,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Change in the number of shops (Insee BPE, commerce types counted alike in 2015, 2020 and 2025) in the bassins de vie whose pôle is a programme town, minus matched bassins whose pôle is in no programme, in % (log points × 100). Insee publishes these counts by bassin, not by commune.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Matched evaluation of place-based programmes (analysis/places.ml)",
      "url": "places/results.csv",
      "location": "design=pvd-bv-placebo, outcome=shops, year=2020",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "95% confidence interval -3.4 to 0.2 (standard errors clustered by département): cannot be distinguished from zero at 95%. Range across matching draws -3.3 to 0.1, which measures how much the estimate depends on the draw, not sampling uncertainty."
  },
  {
    "id": "pensions-old-age-2024",
    "label": "Old-age pensions, 2024",
    "value": 391954.3,
    "unit": "EUR million",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "General government expenditure on old age (COFOG 10.2), France.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "eurostat",
      "dataset": "gov_10a_exp",
      "filters": {
        "geo": "FR",
        "unit": "MIO_EUR",
        "sector": "S13",
        "na_item": "TE",
        "cofog99": "GF1002"
      },
      "time": 2024,
      "updated": "2026-09-16T23:00:00+0200",
      "provisional": true,
      "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/gov_10a_exp?format=JSON&lang=EN&geo=FR&unit=MIO_EUR&sector=S13&na_item=TE&cofog99=GF1002&time=2024"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "pensions-ner-61",
    "label": "Neither in work nor retired at 61",
    "value": 24.5,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Share of people aged 61 who are neither employed nor retired: unemployed or inactive, most often for reasons of health.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "Conseil d'orientation des retraites",
      "title": "Rapport annuel, juin 2026",
      "url": "https://www.cor-retraites.fr/sites/default/files/2026-07/RA_2026_def_1.pdf",
      "location": "Partie 4, chapitre 1",
      "published": "June 2026",
      "quote": "À l'âge de 61 ans, près de 24,5 % des personnes ne sont ni en emploi ni à la retraite (NER), une situation le plus souvent subie pour des raisons de santé ou de handicap"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "pensions-within-2024",
    "label": "Employment at 60-64 against 55-59, 2024",
    "value": 4.525,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2024,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Employment rate at 60-64 minus the rate at 55-59 in France, relative to its 2019-2022 average: the change at the ages the 2023 reform targets, net of the change just below them. A descriptive change, not an estimate of the reform's effect.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Retirement age and employment (analysis/pensions.ml)",
      "url": "pensions/within.csv",
      "location": "year=2024, gap_vs_2019_2022",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "In 2005-2010 this gap moved by up to two points around its average without any reform."
  },
  {
    "id": "pensions-placebo-2005",
    "label": "Placebo: fake start in 2005",
    "value": -1.274,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2010,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gap over 2005-2010 when the same method is given a fake start in 2005: what noise alone produces.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Retirement age and employment (analysis/pensions.ml)",
      "url": "pensions/summary.csv",
      "location": "design=placebo-2005, mean_gap",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03"
  },
  {
    "id": "pensions-gap-2010",
    "label": "France against its synthetic, 2011-2019",
    "value": 1.326,
    "unit": "percentage points",
    "year": 2019,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Mean gap between France's employment rate at 60-64 and its synthetic counterpart, 2011-2019.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Retirement age and employment (analysis/pensions.ml)",
      "url": "pensions/summary.csv",
      "location": "design=reform-2010, mean_gap",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "20% of countries, each treated in turn, show as large a gap."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-pensions-2.9-employment-55-64",
    "label": "Améliorer le taux d’emploi des 55-64 ans",
    "value": 61.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Employment rate at 55-64, France, Eurostat Labour Force Survey (lfsa_ergan), the latest year.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=pensions, code=2.9, sub=employment-55-64; from data/pensions/employment.csv; data/pensions/within.csv; data/pensions/summary.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The REPSS takes the French rate from Insee's enquête Emploi (séries longues, Dares calculations), the survey behind Eurostat's French figures. The site's estimate of the 2023 reform: in 2025 the 60-64 rate less the 55-59 rate is +5.5 points above its 2019-2022 mean (within.csv), and France's 60-64 rate is +1.8 points above a synthetic France of European countries over 2024-2025 (summary.csv, reform-2023, rank p = 0.33)."
  },
  {
    "id": "measured-pensions-MTB-1-1-employment-55-64",
    "label": "Taux d'emploi en France et dans l'Union européenne par tranches d'âge : Taux d'emploi au sein des 55-64 ans",
    "value": 61.7,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "observed",
    "definition": "Employment rate at 55-64, France, Eurostat Labour Force Survey (lfsa_ergan), the latest year.",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "The State's indicators, measured from open data (analysis/indicators.ml)",
      "url": "literature/measured.csv",
      "location": "study=pensions, code=MTB-1-1, sub=employment-55-64; from data/pensions/employment.csv; data/pensions/within.csv; data/pensions/summary.csv",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "caveat": "The REPSS takes the French rate from Insee's enquête Emploi (séries longues, Dares calculations), the survey behind Eurostat's French figures. The State's source is Eurostat, extracted on 17 March 2025 (RAP 2025, PDF p. 13, data/literature/law/rap-2025-MTB-1-1.txt): for 2024 Eurostat now gives 60.3, a later revision, and for 2023 the RAP prints 58.4 and Eurostat 58.4. The site's estimate of the 2023 reform: in 2025 the 60-64 rate less the 55-59 rate is +5.5 points above its 2019-2022 mean (within.csv), and France's 60-64 rate is +1.8 points above a synthetic France of European countries over 2024-2025 (summary.csv, reform-2023, rank p = 0.33)."
  },
  {
    "id": "politics-d_debt",
    "label": "Left mayor: Debt per head (EUR)",
    "value": -81.5357,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Difference at a zero margin between communes where a left list narrowly beat a right list and those where it narrowly lost, 2014 and 2020 municipal elections, change over the term (local linear regression, 10-point bandwidth).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Close municipal elections (analysis/politics.ml)",
      "url": "elections/results.csv",
      "location": "sample=all, bandwidth=10, outcome=d_debt",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Standard error 47.85; 536 races below and 448 above the cutoff within the bandwidth."
  },
  {
    "id": "politics-d_operating",
    "label": "Left mayor: Operating spending per head",
    "value": -0.8598,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Difference at a zero margin between communes where a left list narrowly beat a right list and those where it narrowly lost, 2014 and 2020 municipal elections, change over the term (local linear regression, 10-point bandwidth).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Close municipal elections (analysis/politics.ml)",
      "url": "elections/results.csv",
      "location": "sample=all, bandwidth=10, outcome=d_operating",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Standard error 1.48; 537 races below and 456 above the cutoff within the bandwidth."
  },
  {
    "id": "politics-d_income",
    "label": "Left mayor: Income per household",
    "value": -0.336,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Difference at a zero margin between communes where a left list narrowly beat a right list and those where it narrowly lost, 2014 and 2020 municipal elections, change over the term (local linear regression, 10-point bandwidth).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Close municipal elections (analysis/politics.ml)",
      "url": "elections/results.csv",
      "location": "sample=all, bandwidth=10, outcome=d_income",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Standard error 0.85; 522 races below and 439 above the cutoff within the bandwidth."
  },
  {
    "id": "politics-d_jobs",
    "label": "Left mayor: Private jobs",
    "value": -1.2537,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Difference at a zero margin between communes where a left list narrowly beat a right list and those where it narrowly lost, 2014 and 2020 municipal elections, change over the term (local linear regression, 10-point bandwidth).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Close municipal elections (analysis/politics.ml)",
      "url": "elections/results.csv",
      "location": "sample=all, bandwidth=10, outcome=d_jobs",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Standard error 2.42; 532 races below and 446 above the cutoff within the bandwidth."
  },
  {
    "id": "politics-d_equipment",
    "label": "Left mayor: Equipment spending per head (EUR)",
    "value": -21.2838,
    "unit": "EUR",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Difference at a zero margin between communes where a left list narrowly beat a right list and those where it narrowly lost, 2014 and 2020 municipal elections, change over the term (local linear regression, 10-point bandwidth).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Close municipal elections (analysis/politics.ml)",
      "url": "elections/results.csv",
      "location": "sample=all, bandwidth=10, outcome=d_equipment",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Standard error 26.64; 537 races below and 456 above the cutoff within the bandwidth."
  },
  {
    "id": "politics-d_staff",
    "label": "Left mayor: Staff costs per head",
    "value": 3.2362,
    "unit": "percent",
    "year": 2025,
    "status": "estimated",
    "definition": "Difference at a zero margin between communes where a left list narrowly beat a right list and those where it narrowly lost, 2014 and 2020 municipal elections, change over the term (local linear regression, 10-point bandwidth).",
    "origin": {
      "kind": "document",
      "publisher": "This site",
      "title": "Close municipal elections (analysis/politics.ml)",
      "url": "elections/results.csv",
      "location": "sample=all, bandwidth=10, outcome=d_staff",
      "published": "2026"
    },
    "retrieved": "2026-10-03",
    "caveat": "Standard error 2.36; 537 races below and 456 above the cutoff within the bandwidth."
  }
]